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Weiss-Tessbach M, Reiter B, Gludovacz E, Boehm T, Jilma B, Rager-Resch M. Recombinant human diamine oxidase prevents hemodynamic effects of continuous histamine infusion in guinea pigs. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2013-2022. [PMID: 37812220 PMCID: PMC10611646 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether recombinant human diamine oxidase (rhDAO) with a mutated heparin-binding motif (mHBM), which shows an increased alpha-distribution half-life, prevents histamine-induced hemodynamic effects. MATERIAL Thirty-eight female guinea pigs were either pretreated with rhDOA_mHBM or buffer. TREATMENT AND METHODS Guinea pigs received a continuous infusion of histamine. Heart rate (HR), body core temperature and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured and blood was collected. RESULTS Continuous intravenous infusion of 8 µg/kg/min histamine increased mean peak plasma histamine levels from 5 (± 0.3 SEM) to 28 ng/mL (± 4.9 SEM) after 30 min but had no effect on oxygen saturation. Guinea pigs pretreated with 4 mg/kg rhDAO_mHBM showed lower mean HR (p = 0.008), histamine plasma concentrations (p = 0.002), and higher body core temperatures at the end of the histamine challenge (p = 0.02) compared to controls. Cessation of histamine infusion led to a rebound increase in MAP, but this hemodynamic instability was prevented by rhDAO_mHBM. Pretreatment with 4 mg/kg rhDAO_mHBM reduced urinary histamine (p = 0.004) and 1-Methylhistamine (p < 0.0001) concentrations compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic infusion of rhDAO_mHBM prevents hemodynamic effects in a guinea pig model of continuous histamine infusion. These findings might help in the translation from animals to humans and in the selection of the optimal dosing of rhDAO_mHBM during human histamine challenge studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Weiss-Tessbach
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Reiter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marlene Rager-Resch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Boehm T, Sednev M, Gludovacz E, Weiss-Tessbach M, Brankovic J, Klavins K, Jilma B. Incubation of protonated NADH or NADPH with ortho-aminobenzaldehyde generates a novel fluorescent nicotinamide dihydroquinazoline condensate. Anal Biochem 2023; 676:115246. [PMID: 37451419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) but not oxidized NAD+ with ortho-aminobenzaldehyde (oABA) generated an uncharacterized chromophore with an absorption peak characteristic of a dihydroquinazoline condensate. This chromophore is responsible for a non-specific signal in a diamine oxidase (DAO) activity assay based on the generation of fluorescent dihydroquinazoline structures directly from DAO substrates. Herein we show that at pH values below 3.0 the glycosidic bond of NADH/NADPH is broken releasing double protonated dihydro-nicotinamide (dihydro-NAM), which consequently condensates with oABA to a novel dihydroquinazoline chromophore and fluorophore, namely the 6- or 8-carbamoyl-5H,7H,8H,9H-10λ⁵-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-10-ylium isomer (CMPQ). The second protonation event closely correlates with the pKa of the N1 nitrogen of C5-protonated dihydro-NAM and fluorophore stability. The fusion partner of oABA is likely the iminium of the primary acid product of dihydro-NAM after glycosidic bond hydrolysis and before irreversible cyclization. Trapping of protonated dihydro-NAM from NADH or NADPH with oABA allows quantification of these dinucleotides. Despite almost a century of research studying acid-catalyzed molecular rearrangements of NADH and NADPH, new and surprising details can be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maksim Sednev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Weiss-Tessbach
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelena Brankovic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka St 3, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Boehm T, Alix M, Petroczi K, Vakal S, Gludovacz E, Borth N, Salminen TA, Jilma B. Nafamostat is a potent human diamine oxidase inhibitor possibly augmenting hypersensitivity reactions during nafamostat administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 382:113-122. [PMID: 35688477 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafamostat is an approved short acting serine protease. However, its administration is also associated with anaphylactic reactions. One mechanism to augment hypersensitivity reactions could be inhibition of diamine oxidase (DAO). The chemical structure of nafamostat is related to the potent DAO inhibitors pentamidine and diminazene. Therefore we tested whether nafamostat is a human DAO inhibitor. Using different activity assays nafamostat reversibly inhibited recombinant human DAO with an IC50 of 300 to 400 nM using 200 µM substrate concentrations. The Ki of nafamostat for the inhibition of putrescine and histamine deamination is 27 nM and 138 nM respectively. For both substrates nafamostat is a mixed mode inhibitor with p-values <0.01 compared to other inhibition types. Using 80% to 90% EDTA plasma the IC50 of nafamostat inhibition was approximately 360 nM using 20 µM cadaverine. In 90% EDTA plasma the IC50 concentrations were 2-3 µM using 0.9 µM and 0.18 µM histamine as substrate. In silico modeling showed a high overlap compared to published diminazene crystallography data, with a preferred orientation of the guanidine group towards topaquinone. In conclusion, nafamostat is a potent human DAO inhibitor and might increase severity of anaphylactic reaction by interfering with DAO‑mediated extracellular histamine degradation. Significance Statement Treatment with the short-acting anticoagulant nafamostat during hemodialysis, leukocytapheresis, extracorporeal membrane oxygenator procedures and disseminated intravascular coagulation is associated with severe anaphylaxis in humans. Histamine is a central mediator in anaphylaxis. Potent inhibition of the only extracellular histamine-degrading enzyme diamine oxidase could augment anaphylaxis reactions during nafamostat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boehm
- Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicole Borth
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria
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Gludovacz E, Resch M, Schuetzenberger K, Petroczi K, Maresch D, Hofbauer S, Jilma B, Borth N, Boehm T. Glycosylation site Asn168 is important for slow in vivo clearance of recombinant human diamine oxidase heparin-binding motif mutants. Glycobiology 2022; 32:404-413. [PMID: 35088086 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma and tissues histamine concentrations can cause severe symptoms in mast cell activation syndrome, mastocytosis or anaphylaxis. Endogenous and recombinant human diamine oxidase (rhDAO) can rapidly and completely degrade histamine, and administration of rhDAO represents a promising new treatment approach for diseases with excess histamine release from activated mast cells. We recently generated heparin-binding motif mutants of rhDAO with considerably increased in vivo half-lives in rodents compared with the rapidly cleared wildtype protein. Herein, we characterize the role of an evolutionary recently added glycosylation site asparagine 168 in the in vivo clearance and the influence of an unusually solvent accessible free cysteine 123 on the oligomerization of diamine oxidase (DAO). Mutation of the unpaired cysteine 123 strongly reduced oligomerization without influence on enzymatic DAO activity and in vivo clearance. Recombinant hDAO produced in ExpiCHO-S™ cells showed a 15-fold reduction in the percentage of glycans with terminal sialic acid at Asn168 compared with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. Capping with sialic acid was also strongly reduced at the other glycosylation sites. The high abundance of terminal mannose and N-acetylglucosamine residues in the four glycans expressed in ExpiCHO-S™ cells compared with CHO-K1 cells resulted in rapid in vivo clearance. Mutation of Asn168 or sialidase treatment also significantly increased clearance. Intact N-glycans at Asn168 seem to protect DAO from rapid clearance in rodents. Full processing of all glycoforms is critical for preserving the improved in vivo half-life characteristics of the rhDAO heparin-binding motif mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Resch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kornelia Schuetzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.,Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hofbauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Karer M, Rager-Resch M, Haider T, Petroczi K, Gludovacz E, Borth N, Jilma B, Boehm T. Diamine oxidase knockout mice are not hypersensitive to orally or subcutaneously administered histamine. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:497-511. [PMID: 35303133 PMCID: PMC8989821 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the contribution of endogenous diamine oxidase (DAO) in the inactivation of exogenous histamine, to find a mouse strain with increased histamine sensitivity and to test the efficacy of rhDAO in a histamine challenge model. Methods Diamine oxidase knockout (KO) mice were challenged with orally and subcutaneously administered histamine in combination with the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol, with the two histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT) inhibitors metoprine and tacrine, with folic acid to mimic acute kidney injury and treated with recombinant human DAO. Core body temperature was measured using a subcutaneously implanted microchip and histamine plasma levels were quantified using a homogeneous time resolved fluorescence assay. Results Core body temperature and plasma histamine levels were not significantly different between wild type (WT) and DAO KO mice after oral and subcutaneous histamine challenge with and without acute kidney injury or administration of HNMT inhibitors. Treatment with recombinant human DAO reduced the mean area under the curve (AUC) for core body temperature loss by 63% (p = 0.002) and the clinical score by 88% (p < 0.001). The AUC of the histamine concentration was reduced by 81%. Conclusions Inactivation of exogenous histamine is not driven by enzymatic degradation and kidney filtration. Treatment with recombinant human DAO strongly reduced histamine-induced core body temperature loss, histamine concentrations and prevented the development of severe clinical symptoms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00011-022-01558-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Karer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Rager-Resch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Haider
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Gludovacz E, Schuetzenberger K, Resch M, Tillmann K, Petroczi K, Schosserer M, Vondra S, Vakal S, Klanert G, Pollheimer J, Salminen TA, Jilma B, Borth N, Boehm T. Heparin-binding motif mutations of human diamine oxidase allow the development of a first-in-class histamine-degrading biopharmaceutical. eLife 2021; 10:68542. [PMID: 34477104 PMCID: PMC8445614 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive plasma histamine concentrations cause symptoms in mast cell activation syndrome, mastocytosis, or anaphylaxis. Anti-histamines are often insufficiently efficacious. Human diamine oxidase (hDAO) can rapidly degrade histamine and therefore represents a promising new treatment strategy for conditions with pathological histamine concentrations. Methods Positively charged amino acids of the heparin-binding motif of hDAO were replaced with polar serine or threonine residues. Binding to heparin and heparan sulfate, cellular internalization and clearance in rodents were examined. Results Recombinant hDAO is rapidly cleared from the circulation in rats and mice. After mutation of the heparin-binding motif, binding to heparin and heparan sulfate was strongly reduced. The double mutant rhDAO-R568S/R571T showed minimal cellular uptake. The short α-distribution half-life of the wildtype protein was eliminated, and the clearance was significantly reduced in rodents. Conclusions The successful decrease in plasma clearance of rhDAO by mutations of the heparin-binding motif with unchanged histamine-degrading activity represents the first step towards the development of rhDAO as a first-in-class biopharmaceutical to effectively treat diseases characterized by excessive histamine concentrations in plasma and tissues. Funding Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Hertha Firnberg program grant T1135 (EG); Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Medicinska Understödsförening Liv och Hälsa rft (TAS and SeV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kornelia Schuetzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Resch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Tillmann
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Vondra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Serhii Vakal
- Strutural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Gerald Klanert
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Strutural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Gludovacz E, Schuetzenberger K, Resch M, Tillmann K, Petroczi K, Vondra S, Vakal S, Schosserer M, Virgolini N, Pollheimer J, Salminen TA, Jilma B, Borth N, Boehm T. Human diamine oxidase cellular binding and internalization in vitro and rapid clearance in vivo are not mediated by N-glycans but by heparan sulfate proteoglycan interactions. Glycobiology 2021; 31:444-458. [PMID: 32985651 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diamine oxidase (hDAO) rapidly inactivates histamine by deamination. No pharmacokinetic data are available to better understand its potential as a new therapeutic modality for diseases with excess local and systemic histamine, like anaphylaxis, urticaria or mastocytosis. After intravenous administration of recombinant hDAO to rats and mice, more than 90% of the dose disappeared from the plasma pool within 10 min. Human DAO did not only bind to various endothelial and epithelial cell lines in vitro, but was also unexpectedly internalized and visible in granule-like structures. The uptake of rhDAO into cells was dependent on neither the asialoglycoprotein-receptor (ASGP-R) nor the mannose receptor (MR) recognizing terminal galactose or mannose residues, respectively. Competition experiments with ASGP-R and MR ligands did not block internalization in vitro or rapid clearance in vivo. The lack of involvement of N-glycans was confirmed by testing various glycosylation mutants. High but not low molecular weight heparin strongly reduced the internalization of rhDAO in HepG2 cells and HUVECs. Human DAO was readily internalized by CHO-K1 cells, but not by the glycosaminoglycan- and heparan sulfate-deficient CHO cell lines pgsA-745 and pgsD-677, respectively. A docked heparin hexasaccharide interacted well with the predicted heparin binding site 568RFKRKLPK575. These results strongly imply that rhDAO clearance in vivo and cellular uptake in vitro is independent of N-glycan interactions with the classical clearance receptors ASGP-R and MR, but is mediated by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans followed by internalization via an unknown receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Kornelia Schuetzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Marlene Resch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Katharina Tillmann
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sigrid Vondra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Serhii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Virgolini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
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8
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Klausberger M, Duerkop M, Haslacher H, Wozniak-Knopp G, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Perkmann T, Lingg N, Aguilar PP, Laurent E, De Vos J, Hofner M, Holzer B, Stadler M, Manhart G, Vierlinger K, Egger M, Milchram L, Gludovacz E, Marx N, Köppl C, Tauer C, Beck J, Maresch D, Grünwald-Gruber C, Strobl F, Satzer P, Stadlmayr G, Vavra U, Huber J, Wahrmann M, Eskandary F, Breyer MK, Sieghart D, Quehenberger P, Leitner G, Strassl R, Egger AE, Irsara C, Griesmacher A, Hoermann G, Weiss G, Bellmann-Weiler R, Loeffler-Ragg J, Borth N, Strasser R, Jungbauer A, Hahn R, Mairhofer J, Hartmann B, Binder NB, Striedner G, Mach L, Weinhäusel A, Dieplinger B, Grebien F, Gerner W, Binder CJ, Grabherr R. A comprehensive antigen production and characterisation study for easy-to-implement, specific and quantitative SARS-CoV-2 serotests. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103348. [PMID: 33906067 PMCID: PMC8099623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody tests are essential tools to investigate humoral immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. While first-generation antibody tests have primarily provided qualitative results, accurate seroprevalence studies and tracking of antibody levels over time require highly specific, sensitive and quantitative test setups. METHODS We have developed two quantitative, easy-to-implement SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, based on the spike receptor binding domain and the nucleocapsid protein. Comprehensive evaluation of antigens from several biotechnological platforms enabled the identification of superior antigen designs for reliable serodiagnostic. Cut-off modelling based on unprecedented large and heterogeneous multicentric validation cohorts allowed us to define optimal thresholds for the tests' broad applications in different aspects of clinical use, such as seroprevalence studies and convalescent plasma donor qualification. FINDINGS Both developed serotests individually performed similarly-well as fully-automated CE-marked test systems. Our described sensitivity-improved orthogonal test approach assures highest specificity (99.8%); thereby enabling robust serodiagnosis in low-prevalence settings with simple test formats. The inclusion of a calibrator permits accurate quantitative monitoring of antibody concentrations in samples collected at different time points during the acute and convalescent phase of COVID-19 and disclosed antibody level thresholds that correlate well with robust neutralization of authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus. INTERPRETATION We demonstrate that antigen source and purity strongly impact serotest performance. Comprehensive biotechnology-assisted selection of antigens and in-depth characterisation of the assays allowed us to overcome limitations of simple ELISA-based antibody test formats based on chromometric reporters, to yield comparable assay performance as fully-automated platforms. FUNDING WWTF, Project No. COV20-016; BOKU, LBI/LBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Klausberger
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Duerkop
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Novasign GmbH Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gordana Wozniak-Knopp
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; CD Laboratory for innovative Immunotherapeutics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Patricia Pereira Aguilar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Laurent
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; BOKU Core Facility Biomolecular & Cellular Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU),Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manuela Hofner
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Holzer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department for Animal Health, Moedling, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Manhart
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Egger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Lisa Milchram
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Marx
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Köppl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher Tauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- BOKU Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- BOKU Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Satzer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Stadlmayr
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; CD Laboratory for innovative Immunotherapeutics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Vavra
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Huber
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wahrmann
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Farsad Eskandary
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Sieghart
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Quehenberger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Leitner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Strassl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander E Egger
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Irsara
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria; MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Loeffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Boris Hartmann
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department for Animal Health, Moedling, Austria
| | - Nikolaus B Binder
- Technoclone Herstellung von Diagnostika und Arzneimitteln GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Novasign GmbH Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; enGenes Biotech GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Dieplinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for an Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Present address: The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Boehm T, Karer M, Gludovacz E, Petroczi K, Resch M, Schuetzenberger K, Klavins K, Borth N, Jilma B. Simple, sensitive and specific quantification of diamine oxidase activity in complex matrices using newly discovered fluorophores derived from natural substrates. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:937-950. [PMID: 32488317 PMCID: PMC7394931 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To measure diamine oxidase (DAO) activity with high sensitivity in complex matrices like plasma or tissue extracts radioactive putrescine or horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) coupling must be used. The use of radioactive material should be avoided and HRP/H2O2 coupling is compromised by antioxidants. Methods and results Condensation of ortho-aminobenzaldehyde (oABA) with delta-1-pyrroline and delta-1-piperideine, the autocyclization products of the DAO-oxidized natural substrates putrescine and cadaverine, generates new quinazoline fluorophores with absorption and excitation maxima of 430 and 460 nm, respectively, and peak emission at 620 nm. Fluorescent-based detection limits are 20–40 times lower compared to absorption measurements. This assay can be used to measure DAO activity in human plasma after spiking recombinant human (rh)DAO, in rat plasma after intravenous rhDAO administration, in pregnancy plasma and in tissue extracts of DAO wild-type and knock-out mice. Using rat plasma the correlation between rhDAO activity and ELISA data is 99%. Human and rat plasma without DAO spiking and tissue extracts from DAO knock-out mice showed stable and low fluorescence in the presence of high substrate concentrations. Conclusions Incubation of DAO with the natural substrates putrescine and cadaverine and oABA generates novel fluorophores increasing the detection limit compared to absorption measurements at least tenfold. This simple, sensitive and specific assay allows the non-radioactive quantification of DAO activity in complex matrices like plasma and tissue extracts without interference by antioxidants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00011-020-01359-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Karer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Resch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kornelia Schuetzenberger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Klanert G, Fernandez DJ, Weinguny M, Eisenhut P, Bühler E, Melcher M, Titus SA, Diendorfer AB, Gludovacz E, Jadhav V, Xiao S, Stern B, Lal M, Shiloach J, Borth N. A cross-species whole genome siRNA screen in suspension-cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells identifies novel engineering targets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8689. [PMID: 31213643 PMCID: PMC6582146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput siRNA screens were only recently applied to cell factories to identify novel engineering targets which are able to boost cells towards desired phenotypes. While siRNA libraries exist for model organisms such as mice, no CHO-specific library is publicly available, hindering the application of this technique to CHO cells. The optimization of these cells is of special interest, as they are the main host for the production of therapeutic proteins. Here, we performed a cross-species approach by applying a mouse whole-genome siRNA library to CHO cells, optimized the protocol for suspension cultured cells, as this is the industrial practice for CHO cells, and developed an in silico method to identify functioning siRNAs, which also revealed the limitations of using cross-species libraries. With this method, we were able to identify several genes that, upon knockdown, enhanced the total productivity in the primary screen. A second screen validated two of these genes, Rad21 and Chd4, whose knockdown was tested in additional CHO cell lines, confirming the induced high productivity phenotype, but also demonstrating the cell line/clone specificity of engineering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Klanert
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marcus Weinguny
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Eisenhut
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugen Bühler
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Michael Melcher
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steven A Titus
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Su Xiao
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beate Stern
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- UniTargetingResearch AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Madhu Lal
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, NCATS, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph Shiloach
- Biotechnology Core Laboratory, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Nagelreiter F, Coats MT, Klanert G, Gludovacz E, Borth N, Grillari J, Schosserer M. OPP Labeling Enables Total Protein Synthesis Quantification in CHO Production Cell Lines at the Single-Cell Level. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700492. [PMID: 29369524 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of global and specific protein synthesis rates is becoming increasingly important, especially in the context of biotechnological applications such as process modeling or selection of production cell clones. While quantification of total protein translation across whole cell populations is easily achieved, methods that are capable of tracking population dynamics at the single-cell level are still lacking. To address this need, we apply O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) labeling to assess total protein synthesis in single recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by flow cytometry. Thereby we demonstrate that global protein translation rates slightly increase with progression through the cell cycle during exponential growth. Stable CHO cell lines producing recombinant protein display similar levels of total protein synthesis as their parental CHO host cell line. Global protein translation does not correlate with intracellular product content of three model proteins, but the host cell line with high transient productivity has a higher OPP signal. This indicates that production cell lines with increased overall protein synthesis capacity can be identified by our method at the single-cell level. In conclusion, OPP-labeling allows rapid and reproducible assessment of global protein synthesis in single CHO cells, and can be multiplexed with DNA staining or any type of immunolabeling of specific proteins or markers for organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Nagelreiter
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Michael T Coats
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Gerald Klanert
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria.,ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria.,Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
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12
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Gludovacz E, Maresch D, Lopes de Carvalho L, Puxbaum V, Baier LJ, Sützl L, Guédez G, Grünwald-Gruber C, Ulm B, Pils S, Ristl R, Altmann F, Jilma B, Salminen TA, Borth N, Boehm T. Oligomannosidic glycans at Asn-110 are essential for secretion of human diamine oxidase. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1070-1087. [PMID: 29187599 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylation plays a fundamental role in many biological processes. Human diamine oxidase (hDAO), required for histamine catabolism, has multiple N-glycosylation sites, but their roles, for example in DAO secretion, are unclear. We recently reported that the N-glycosylation sites Asn-168, Asn-538, and Asn-745 in recombinant hDAO (rhDAO) carry complex-type glycans, whereas Asn-110 carries only mammalian-atypical oligomannosidic glycans. Here, we show that Asn-110 in native hDAO from amniotic fluid and Caco-2 cells, DAO from porcine kidneys, and rhDAO produced in two different HEK293 cell lines is also consistently occupied by oligomannosidic glycans. Glycans at Asn-168 were predominantly sialylated with bi- to tetra-antennary branches, and Asn-538 and Asn-745 had similar complex-type glycans with some tissue- and cell line-specific variations. The related copper-containing amine oxidase human vascular adhesion protein-1 also exclusively displayed high-mannose glycosylation at Asn-137. X-ray structures revealed that the residues adjacent to Asn-110 and Asn-137 form a highly conserved hydrophobic cleft interacting with the core trisaccharide. Asn-110 replacement with Gln completely abrogated rhDAO secretion and caused retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutations of Asn-168, Asn-538, and Asn-745 reduced rhDAO secretion by 13, 71, and 32%, respectively. Asn-538/745 double and Asn-168/538/745 triple substitutions reduced rhDAO secretion by 85 and 94%. Because of their locations in the DAO structure, Asn-538 and Asn-745 glycosylations might be important for efficient DAO dimer formation. These functional results are reflected in the high evolutionary conservation of all four glycosylation sites. Human DAO is abundant only in the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and placenta, and glycosylation seems essential for reaching high enzyme expression levels in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gludovacz
- From the Departments of Biotechnology.,the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and
| | | | - Leonor Lopes de Carvalho
- the Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Leander Sützl
- Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriela Guédez
- the Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Robin Ristl
- the Section for Medical Statistics (IMS), Center of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria, and
| | | | - Bernd Jilma
- the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- the Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
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13
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Baumann M, Gludovacz E, Sealover N, Bahr S, George H, Lin N, Kayser K, Borth N. Preselection of recombinant gene integration sites enabling high transcription rates in CHO cells using alternate start codons and recombinase mediated cassette exchange. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2616-2627. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Baumann
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB); Graz Austria
| | | | | | - Scott Bahr
- MilliporeSigma (SAFC); St. Louis Minnesota
| | | | - Nan Lin
- MilliporeSigma (SAFC); St. Louis Minnesota
| | | | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB); Graz Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU); Vienna Austria
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14
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Boehm T, Pils S, Gludovacz E, Szoelloesi H, Petroczi K, Majdic O, Quaroni A, Borth N, Valent P, Jilma B. Quantification of human diamine oxidase. Clin Biochem 2016; 50:444-451. [PMID: 28041932 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diamine oxidase (DAO) is essential for extracellular degradation of histamine. For decades activity assays with inherent limitations were used to quantify the relative amounts of DAO. No reference DAO standard is available. Absolute DAO amounts cannot be determined. Controversy exists, whether DAO is circulating or not in non-pregnant individuals. The role of DAO as biomarker in various diseases is ambiguous. It is not clear, whether precise quantification of human DAO antigen using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) is possible. The objective was to develop a precise and robust ELISA to quantify DAO in various biological fluids. DESIGN AND METHODS A research prototype ELISA was established using a mouse monoclonal antibody for capturing and a polyclonal rabbit serum IgG fraction for the detection of human DAO. The limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD) and estimated limit of quantification (eLoQ) and normal DAO concentrations in serum and plasma were determined. RESULTS The LoB, LoD and eLoQ derived from 42 standard curves are 0.27, 0.48 and 0.7ng/mL respectively. The detection range using the LoD as the lower and the highest DAO standard as the upper boundary is 0.5 to 450ng/mL. Serum and plasma mean/median concentrations are between 0.5 and 1.5ng/mL in healthy volunteers (n=58) and mastocytosis patients (n=19) and plateau at approximately 145ng/mL (n=16) during pregnancy. Accurate quantification was not influenced by heparin (DAO is a heparin-binding protein), lipaemic or hemolytic serum. The measured DAO antigen concentrations are in close agreement with published enzymatic activity data using radioactive putrescine as substrate. CONCLUSIONS This research prototype ELISA is able to reliably and accurately quantify human DAO in different biological fluids. The potential of DAO as biomarker in various diseases can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sophie Pils
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen Szoelloesi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Petroczi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Majdic
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Quaroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Research Tower, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Prats Mateu B, Harreither E, Schosserer M, Puxbaum V, Gludovacz E, Borth N, Gierlinger N, Grillari J. Label-free live cell imaging by Confocal Raman Microscopy identifies CHO host and producer cell lines. Biotechnol J 2016; 12. [PMID: 27440252 PMCID: PMC5244663 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As a possible viable and non-invasive method to identify high producing cells, Confocal Raman Microscopy was shown to be able to differentiate CHO host cell lines and derivative production clones. Cluster analysis of spectra and their derivatives was able to differentiate between different producer cell lines and a host, and also distinguished between an intracellular region of high lipid and protein content that in structure resembles the Endoplasmic Reticulum. This ability to identify the ER may be a major contributor to the identification of high producers. PCA enabled the discrimination even of host cell lines and their subclones with inherently higher production capacity. The method is thus a promising option that may contribute to early, non-invasive identification of high potential candidates during cell line development and possibly could also be used for proof of identity of established production clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batirtze Prats Mateu
- Institute of Physics and Materials Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Harreither
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Puxbaum
- ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Notburga Gierlinger
- Institute of Physics and Materials Sciences, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,ACIB Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
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16
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Gludovacz E, Maresch D, Bonta M, Szöllösi H, Furtmüller PG, Weik R, Altmann F, Limbeck A, Borth N, Jilma B, Boehm T. Corrigendum to "Characterization of recombinant human diamine oxidase (rhDAO) produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells" [J. Biotechnol. 227 (2016) 120-130]. J Biotechnol 2016; 231:295. [PMID: 27268045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Bonta
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen Szöllösi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul G Furtmüller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Weik
- Polymun Scientific Immunbiologische Forschung GmbH, Donaustraße 99, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Bartko J, Gludovacz E, Petroczi K, Borth N, Jilma B, Boehm T. Recombinant human diamine oxidase activity is not inhibited by ethanol, acetaldehyde, disulfiram, diethyldithiocarbamate or cyanamide. Alcohol 2016; 54:51-9. [PMID: 27401969 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human diamine oxidase (hDAO, EC 1.4.3.22) is the key enzyme in the degradation of extracellular histamine. Consumption of alcohol is a known trigger of mast cell degranulation in patients with mast cell activation syndrome. Ethanol may also interfere with enzymatic histamine degradation, but reports on the effects on DAO activity are controversial. There are also conflicting reports whether disulfiram, an FDA-approved agent in the treatment of alcohol dependence, inhibits DAO. We therefore investigated the inhibitory potential of ethanol and disulfiram and their metabolites on recombinant human DAO (rhDAO) in three different assay systems. Relevant concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate did not inhibit rhDAO activity in an in vitro assay system using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) -mediated luminol oxidation. The aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH; EC 1.2.1.3) inhibitors cyanamide and its dimer dicyanamide also had no effect on DAO activity. In one assay system, the irreversible ALDH inhibitor disulfiram and its main metabolite diethyldithiocarbamate seemed to inhibit DAO activity. However, the decreased product formation was not due to a direct block of DAO activity but resulted from inhibition of peroxidase employed in the coupled system. Our in vitro data do not support a direct blocking effect of ethanol, disulfiram, and their metabolites on DAO activity in vivo.
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Gludovacz E, Maresch D, Bonta M, Szöllösi H, Furtmüller PG, Weik R, Altmann F, Limbeck A, Borth N, Jilma B, Boehm T. Characterization of recombinant human diamine oxidase produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. N Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Baumann M, Gludovacz E, Vcelar S, Borth N. Utilization of recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) for the generation of recombinant CHO cell lines with defined expression properties. N Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reinhart D, Sommeregger W, Debreczeny M, Gludovacz E, Kunert R. In search of expression bottlenecks in recombinant CHO cell lines--a case study. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5959-65. [PMID: 24557570 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficient production of recombinant proteins such as antibodies typically involves the screening of an extravagant number of clones in order to finally select a stable and high-producing cell line. Thereby, the underlying principles of a powerful protein machinery, but also potential expression limitations, often remain poorly understood. To shed more light on this topic, we applied several different techniques to investigate a previously generated cell line (4B3-IgA), which expressed recombinant immunoglobulin A (IgA) with an unusually low specific productivity. Results were compared to the host cell line and to another recombinant CHO cell line (3D6-IgA) expressing another IgA that binds to an overlapping epitope. The low specific productivity of clone 4B3-IgA could not be explained by GCN or mRNA levels, but insufficiencies in protein maturation and/or secretion were determined. Despite the presence of free light chain polypeptides, they occasionally failed to associate with their heavy chain partners. Consequently, heavy chains were misassembled and accumulated to form intracellular aggregates, so-called Russell bodies. These protein deposits evoked the expression of increased amounts of ER-resident chaperones to combat the induced stress. Despite bottlenecks in protein processing, the cells' quality checkpoints remained intact, and predominantly correctly processed IgA was exported into the culture medium. The results of our study demonstrated that recombinant protein expression was impaired by heavy chain aggregation despite the presence of a disposable light chain and revealed elevated chaperone formation in combination with limited antibody assembly. Our studies suggest that the primary amino acid sequence and consequently the resulting structure of an expressed protein need to be considered as a factor influencing a cell's productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reinhart
- Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria,
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) mediates a key role in mucosal immunity and is a promising novel immunotherapeutic candidate. However, difficulties in obtaining enough material often hamper in vivo explorations. We have previously generated recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines which expressed two different HIV-1 antibodies, 3D6 and 4B3, as IgA1 [1]. One cell line (3D6-IgA) shows high production rates, whereas the other (4B3-IgA) secretes rather low amounts of product. In order to unravel the mystery of productivity bottlenecks we extensively characterized the cell lines regarding growth rate, IgA productivity in long-term culture, immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blotting of intra- and extracellular product (data not shown). The generated data encouraged us to analyze whether the observed antibody productivities could be explained by gene copy number (GCN) or mRNA levels.
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