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Koller EJ, Wood CA, Lai Z, Borgenheimer E, Hoffman KL, Jankowsky JL. Doxycycline for transgene control disrupts gut microbiome diversity without compromising acute neuroinflammatory response. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:11. [PMID: 38178148 PMCID: PMC10765643 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The tetracycline transactivator (tTA) system provides controllable transgene expression through oral administration of the broad-spectrum antibiotic doxycycline. Antibiotic treatment for transgene control in mouse models of disease might have undesirable systemic effects resulting from changes in the gut microbiome. Here we assessed the impact of doxycycline on gut microbiome diversity in a tTA-controlled model of Alzheimer's disease and then examined neuroimmune effects of these microbiome alterations following acute LPS challenge. We show that doxycycline decreased microbiome diversity in both transgenic and wild-type mice and that these changes persisted long after drug withdrawal. Despite the change in microbiome composition, doxycycline treatment had minimal effect on basal transcriptional signatures of inflammation the brain or on the neuroimmune response to LPS challenge. Our findings suggest that central neuroimmune responses may be less affected by doxycycline at doses needed for transgene control than by antibiotic cocktails at doses used for experimental microbiome disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Koller
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Caleb A Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zoe Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ella Borgenheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kristi L Hoffman
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joanna L Jankowsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM295, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Huffington Center On Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Rosa JG, Hamel K, Soles A, Sheeler C, Borgenheimer E, Gilliat S, Sbrocco K, Ghanoum F, Handler HP, Forster C, Rainwater O, Cvetanovic M. BDNF is altered in a brain-region specific manner and rescues deficits in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106023. [PMID: 36724861 PMCID: PMC9969743 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an adult-onset, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the expanded polyQ tract in the protein ATAXIN1 (ATXN1) and characterized by progressive motor and cognitive impairments. There are no disease-modifying treatments or cures for SCA1. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays important role in cerebellar physiology and has shown therapeutic potential for cerebellar pathology in the transgenic mouse model of SCA1, ATXN1[82Q] line that overexpress mutant ATXN1 under a cerebellar Purkinje-cell-specific promoter. Here we demonstrate decreased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebellum and medulla of patients with SCA1. Early stages of disease seem most amenable to therapy. Thus, we next quantified Bdnf expression in Atxn1154Q/2Q mice, a knock-in mouse model of SCA1, during the early symptomatic disease stage in four clinically relevant brain regions: cerebellum, medulla, hippocampus and motor cortex. We found that during the early stages of disease, Bdnf mRNA expression is reduced in the hippocampus and cerebellum, while it is increased in the cortex and brainstem. Importantly, we observed that pharmacological delivery of recombinant BDNF improved motor and cognitive performance, and mitigated pathology in the cerebellum and hippocampus of Atxn1154Q/2Q mice. Our findings demonstrate brain-region specific deficiency of BDNF in SCA1 and show that reversal of low BDNF levels offers the potential for meaningful treatment of motor and cognitive deficits in SCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juao-Guilherme Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Katherine Hamel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Alyssa Soles
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Carrie Sheeler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Ella Borgenheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Stephen Gilliat
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Kaelin Sbrocco
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Ferris Ghanoum
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
| | - Hillary P. Handler
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America,Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, United States of America
| | | | - Orion Rainwater
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, United States of America.
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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Borgenheimer E, Hamel K, Sheeler C, Moncada FL, Sbrocco K, Zhang Y, Cvetanovic M. Single nuclei RNA sequencing investigation of the Purkinje cell and glial changes in the cerebellum of transgenic Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:998408. [PMID: 36457352 PMCID: PMC9706545 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.998408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells constitute half the population of the human brain and are essential for normal brain function. Most, if not all, brain diseases are characterized by reactive gliosis, a process by which glial cells respond and contribute to neuronal pathology. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a severe degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and cerebellar gliosis. SCA1 is caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the gene Ataxin1 (ATXN1). While several studies reported the effects of mutant ATXN1 in Purkinje cells, it remains unclear how cerebellar glia respond to dysfunctional Purkinje cells in SCA1. To address this question, we performed single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA seq) on cerebella of early stage Pcp2-ATXN1[82Q] mice, a transgenic SCA1 mouse model expressing mutant ATXN1 only in Purkinje cells. We found no changes in neuronal and glial proportions in the SCA1 cerebellum at this early disease stage compared to wild-type controls. Importantly, we observed profound non-cell autonomous and potentially neuroprotective reactive gene and pathway alterations in Bergmann glia, velate astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in response to Purkinje cell dysfunction.
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Sheeler C, Rosa JG, Borgenheimer E, Mellesmoen A, Rainwater O, Cvetanovic M. Post-symptomatic Delivery of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Ameliorates Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 (SCA1) Pathogenesis. Cerebellum 2021; 20:420-429. [PMID: 33394333 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the Ataxin1 (ATXN1) gene. SCA1 is characterized by motor deficits, cerebellar neurodegeneration, and gliosis and gene expression changes. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), growth factor important for the survival and function of cerebellar neurons, is decreased in ATXN1[82Q] mice, the Purkinje neuron specific transgenic mouse model of SCA1. As this decrease in BDNF expression may contribute to cerebellar neurodegeneration, we tested whether delivery of extrinsic human BDNF via osmotic ALZET pumps has a beneficial effect on disease severity in this mouse model of SCA1. Additionally, to test the effects of BDNF on established and progressing cerebellar pathogenesis and motor deficits, we delivered BDNF post-symptomatically. We have found that post-symptomatic delivery of extrinsic BDNF ameliorated motor deficits and cerebellar pathology (i.e., dendritic atrophy of Purkinje cells, and astrogliosis) indicating therapeutic potential of BDNF even after the onset of symptoms in SCA1. However, BDNF did not alter Purkinje cell gene expression changes indicating that certain aspects of disease pathogenesis cannot be ameliorated/slowed down with BDNF and that combinational therapies may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Sheeler
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Juao-Guilherme Rosa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ella Borgenheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Aaron Mellesmoen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Orion Rainwater
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 2101 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Wong SZH, Scott EP, Mu W, Guo X, Borgenheimer E, Freeman M, Ming GL, Wu QF, Song H, Nakagawa Y. In vivo clonal analysis reveals spatiotemporal regulation of thalamic nucleogenesis. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005211. [PMID: 29684005 PMCID: PMC5933804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus, a crucial regulator of cortical functions, is composed of many nuclei arranged in a spatially complex pattern. Thalamic neurogenesis occurs over a short period during mammalian embryonic development. These features have hampered the effort to understand how regionalization, cell divisions, and fate specification are coordinated and produce a wide array of nuclei that exhibit distinct patterns of gene expression and functions. Here, we performed in vivo clonal analysis to track the divisions of individual progenitor cells and spatial allocation of their progeny in the developing mouse thalamus. Quantitative analysis of clone compositions revealed evidence for sequential generation of distinct sets of thalamic nuclei based on the location of the founder progenitor cells. Furthermore, we identified intermediate progenitor cells that produced neurons populating more than one thalamic nuclei, indicating a prolonged specification of nuclear fate. Our study reveals an organizational principle that governs the spatial and temporal progression of cell divisions and fate specification and provides a framework for studying cellular heterogeneity and connectivity in the mammalian thalamus. The thalamus—a brain structure commonly associated with relaying sensory information between cortex and other regions—is organized into many cell clusters called nuclei. Each thalamic nucleus is populated by neurons with distinct patterns of gene expression and connections to other brain regions and plays a distinct role in cortical functions. In this study, we performed an analysis of developing cells in the thalamus, using the mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) method in mice, a technique that allows the labeling of descendants of dividing cells. Using 3 different transgenic mouse lines allowed us to determine the cell lineage of thalamic progenitor cells at different locations and stages of differentiation. By genetically labeling single progenitor cells, we measured how cell division and maturation occurs during the brief time span when neurons are generated. Our data also show how neurons eventually contribute to multiple nuclei across the thalamus. The organizational principles that we found in the thalamus might apply to the development of other brain structures that are composed of multiple nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Z. H. Wong
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Earl Parker Scott
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Wenhui Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xize Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ella Borgenheimer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Madeline Freeman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (Q-FW); (HS); (YN)
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (Q-FW); (HS); (YN)
| | - Yasushi Nakagawa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (Q-FW); (HS); (YN)
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