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Ancona G, Merlini E, Tincati C, Barassi A, Calcagno A, Augello M, Bono V, Bai F, Cannizzo ES, d'Arminio Monforte A, Marchetti G. Long-Term Suppressive cART Is Not Sufficient to Restore Intestinal Permeability and Gut Microbiota Compositional Changes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639291. [PMID: 33717191 PMCID: PMC7952451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We explored the long-term effects of cART on markers of gut damage, microbial translocation, and paired gut/blood microbiota composition, with a focus on the role exerted by different drug classes. Methods: We enrolled 41 cART naïve HIV-infected subjects, undergoing blood and fecal sampling prior to cART (T0) and after 12 (T12) and 24 (T24) months of therapy. Fifteen HIV-uninfected individuals were enrolled as controls. We analyzed: (i) T-cell homeostasis (flow cytometry); (ii) microbial translocation (sCD14, EndoCab, 16S rDNA); (iii) intestinal permeability and damage markers (LAC/MAN, I-FABP, fecal calprotectin); (iv) plasma and fecal microbiota composition (alpha- and beta-diversity, relative abundance); (v) functional metagenome predictions (PICRUSt). Results: Twelve and twenty four-month successful cART resulted in a rise in EndoCAb (p = 0.0001) and I-FABP (p = 0.039) vis-à-vis stable 16S rDNA, sCD14, calprotectin and LAC/MAN, along with reduced immune activation in the periphery. Furthermore, cART did not lead to substantial modifications of microbial composition in both plasma and feces and metabolic metagenome predictions. The stratification according to cART regimens revealed a feeble effect on microbiota composition in patients on NNRTI-based or INSTI-based regimens, but not PI-based regimens. Conclusions: We hereby show that 24 months of viro-immunological effective cART, while containing peripheral hyperactivation, exerts only minor effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Persistent alteration of plasma markers indicative of gut structural and functional impairment seemingly parallels enduring fecal dysbiosis, irrespective of drug classes, with no effect on metabolic metagenome predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ancona
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Esther Merlini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Tincati
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Barassi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bono
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bai
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira S Cannizzo
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella d'Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
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Merlini E, Galli L, Tincati C, Cannizzo ES, Galli A, Gianotti N, Ancona G, Muccini C, Monforte AD, Marchetti G, Castagna A. Immune activation, inflammation and HIV DNA after 96 weeks of ATV/r monotherapy: a MODAt substudy. Antivir Ther 2019; 23:633-637. [PMID: 29589587 DOI: 10.3851/imp3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Merlini
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Galli
- Infectious Diseases Department, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Tincati
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira S Cannizzo
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Infectious Diseases Department, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Gianotti
- Infectious Diseases Department, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ancona
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Muccini
- Infectious Diseases Department, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella d'Arminio Monforte
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Cannizzo ES, Tincati C, Binda F, Ronzi P, Cazzaniga FA, Antinori S, d'Arminio Monforte A, Marchetti G, Milazzo L. Unconventional T cells in chronic hepatitis B patients on long-term suppressive therapy with tenofovir followed by a Peg-IFN add-on strategy: A randomized study. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:381-390. [PMID: 29091327 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HBV eradication in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) subjects is rarely achieved with either nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) or pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN), which both have a limited effect in restoring immune responses. Thirty CHB subjects on long-term treatment with tenofovir (TDF) and HBV suppression were enrolled and randomized 1:2 to either receive Peg-IFN-α-2a add-on therapy or continue TDF alone. We studied γδ T and iNKT frequency and function (by flow cytometry) at baseline, at 12 weeks and 12 weeks after the end of treatment. A higher reduction in qHBsAg occurred in the add-on group compared with the NA group at W12 (P = .016) and at W24 (P = .012). A decline of qHBsAg ≥0.5 log10 at week 24 occurred in 4 of 10 patients in the add-on arm and 1 of 20 in the NA arm, respectively (P = .03). HBsAg loss was seen in 20% of subjects in the add-on group and in none of the NA group. Compared to HBV negative, CHB on TDF showed lower frequency of iNKT (P = .03) and γδ T cells (P = .03) as well as fewer γδ T cells expressing Vδ2 T-cell receptors (P = .005). No changes in unconventional T-cell frequency and function were shown in both add-on and NA patients nor were differences detected between the two treatment groups. We report persistent impairment of unconventional T cells in CHB. Despite a greater qHBsAg decline of add-on patients, our data failed to detect any effect of Peg-IFN treatment on unconventional T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Cannizzo
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Tincati
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Binda
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Luigi Sacco, III Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Ronzi
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Luigi Sacco, III Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F A Cazzaniga
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S Antinori
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Luigi Sacco, III Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A d'Arminio Monforte
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Marchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Milazzo
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Luigi Sacco, III Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Cannizzo ES, Clement CC, Morozova K, Valdor R, Kaushik S, Almeida LN, Follo C, Sahu R, Cuervo AM, Macian F, Santambrogio L. Age-related oxidative stress compromises endosomal proteostasis. Cell Rep 2012; 2:136-49. [PMID: 22840404 PMCID: PMC3408590 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of aging is an imbalance between production and clearance of reactive oxygen species and increased levels of oxidatively damaged biomolecules. Herein, we demonstrate that splenic and nodal antigen-presenting cells purified from aging mice accumulate oxidatively modified proteins with side-chain carbonylation, advanced glycation end products, and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, we show that the endosomal accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins interferes with the efficient processing of exogenous antigens and degradation of macroautophagy-delivered proteins. In support of a causative role for oxidized products in the inefficient immune response, a decrease in oxidative stress improved the adaptive immune response to immunizing antigens. These findings underscore a previously unrecognized negative effect of age-dependent changes in cellular proteostasis on the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S. Cannizzo
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Cristina C. Clement
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Kateryna Morozova
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Rut Valdor
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Larissa N. Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Carlo Follo
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ranjit Sahu
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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Cannizzo ES, Clement CC, Sahu R, Follo C, Santambrogio L. Oxidative stress, inflamm-aging and immunosenescence. J Proteomics 2011; 74:2313-23. [PMID: 21718814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence is characterized by a decreased ability of the immune system to respond to foreign antigens, as well as a decreased ability to maintain tolerance to self-antigens. This results in an increased susceptibility to infection and cancer and reduced responses to vaccination [1-5]. The mechanisms underlying immunosenescence comprise a series of cellular and molecular events involving alteration of several biochemical pathways and different cellular populations, and for the most part our understanding of these molecular mechanisms is still fragmentary. In this review we will focus on the process of senescence associated with oxidative stress, in particular how protein oxidation alters the functionality of immune cells and how oxidative stress contributes to a chronic inflammatory process often referred as inflamm-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S Cannizzo
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Maitra R, Follenzi A, Yaghoobian A, Montagna C, Merlin S, Cannizzo ES, Hardin JA, Cobelli N, Stanley ER, Santambrogio L. Dendritic cell-mediated in vivo bone resorption. J Immunol 2010; 185:1485-91. [PMID: 20581147 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are resident cells of the bone that are primarily involved in the physiological and pathological remodeling of this tissue. Mature osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that are generated from the fusion of circulating precursors originating from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. During inflammatory bone conditions in vivo, de novo osteoclastogenesis is observed but it is currently unknown whether, besides increased osteoclast differentiation from undifferentiated precursors, other cell types can generate a multinucleated giant cell phenotype with bone resorbing activity. In this study, an animal model of calvaria-induced aseptic osteolysis was used to analyze possible bone resorption capabilities of dendritic cells (DCs). We determined by FACS analysis and confocal microscopy that injected GFP-labeled immature DCs were readily recruited to the site of osteolysis. Upon recruitment, the cathepsin K-positive DCs were observed in bone-resorbing pits. Additionally, chromosomal painting identified nuclei from female DCs, previously injected into a male recipient, among the nuclei of giant cells at sites of osteolysis. Finally, osteolysis was also observed upon recruitment of CD11c-GFP conventional DCs in Csf1r(-/-) mice, which exhibit a severe depletion of resident osteoclasts and tissue macrophages. Altogether, our analysis indicates that DCs may have an important role in bone resorption associated with various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhashree Maitra
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, New York, NY 10461, USA
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