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Aboelnazar S, Ghoneim H, Shalaby T, Sorour S, Osman EM. Modulatory effect of interleukin-2 loaded chitosan nano sphere on regulatory T cell activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112019. [PMID: 38599099 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to assess the modulating effect of IL-2 encapsulated chitosan-nanoparticles (CSNPs) on the function of Treg cells through induction of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Treg cell function was monitored by the forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) levels, correlating them with blood glucose and serum insulin levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, a low dose of IL-2 (free and chitosan-loaded) was injected into a diabetic mice group. The levels of FoxP3 and TGF-β 1 were assessed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. In addition, blood glucose and serum insulin levels were determined. RESULTS The mean glucose level decreased significantly after free rIL-2 or rIL-2 / CSNPs treatment. Meanwhile, the mean serum insulin level was significantly increased after treatment with free rIL-2 or rIL-2/CSNPs. The mean levels of FoxP3 and TGFβ 1 were significantly increased with either free rIL-2 or rIL-2/CSNPs compared to the T1D untreated group (P < 0.001). In the treated mice group receiving free CSNPs, there was a significant negative correlation between glucose and insulin levels. Moreover, FoxP3 & TGFβ 1 levels had a significant positive correlation. In treated mice groups with free rIL-2 and IL-2 CSNPs, there was a significant positive correlation between FoxP3 and glucose levels. A significant negative correlation was found after conducting a correlation between insulin level and FoxP3 in the T1D/ rIL-2 / CSNPs group. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose IL-2 selectively modulates FoxP3 + Tregs, and TGFβ 1 increases their levels. These results demonstrated that IL-2-free and chitosan-loaded nanoparticles can be therapeutic agents in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Aboelnazar
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hossam Ghoneim
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Thanaa Shalaby
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Sally Sorour
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Eman M Osman
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt.
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Ibrahim A, Kamel NO, Rageh F, Elgamal R, Mansour Salama B, Sakr MA, Elhoseeny MM, Osman EM, Sayed S, Ramadan ME. The involvement of cytokine gene polymorphism in determining the vulnerability to Blastocystis and Helicobacter pylori co-infection in the Egyptian population. Acta Trop 2024; 252:107137. [PMID: 38364930 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to identify any potential association between IL-1β and TNF-α gene polymorphism and the risk of Blastocystis infection as well as co-infection of Blastocystis with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori). METHODOLOGY A total of 314 stool samples were collected and examined microscopically for the detection of parasitic infection. DNA was extracted from all samples and utilized to identify Blastocystis molecularly. Positive samples were used for H. pylori detection by rapid tests and PCR. Moreover, we investigate polymorphism in the TNF-α gene at position -1031T/C, -308 G/A, and IL-1β at position +3954C/T using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. RESULTS Out of the 314 stool samples, Blastocystis was detected in 93 (29.6 %); among them, 54 (58.1 %) had a mixed infection of Blastocystis with H. pylori. The TT genotype of the IL-1β gene at position +3954 was significantly higher in Blasocystis-infected patients than in uninfected patients (17.2% vs. 6.3 %, P = 0.02), which might be considered a risk factor (OR = 3.2; CI =1.21-8.52). The TNF-α at position -1031 TT genotype was significantly higher in Blastocystis-infected patients than uninfected patients (44.1% vs. 10.8 %, P< 0.0001). The T allele (OR= 2.67; CI=1.51-4.72, P = 0.0008) might be considered a risk factor. The TNF- α at position -308 AA genotype is higher in Blasocystis infected than uninfected (17.2% vs 7.2 %, P = 0.03). TNF-α -308 AA (OR = 2.72; CI = 1.08-6.89) and A allele (OR= 1.46; CI= 0.797-2.66) might be considered risk factors. The TNF- α at position -308 G/A showed that the GG is the most frequent genotype in Blastocystis with H. pylori-positive patients with a significant association (P = 0.004), as well as the G allele (P = 0.02). The G allele (OR=1.924; CI= 1.071-3.454) might be considered a risk factor for co-infection of Blastocystis and H. pylori. CONCLUSION SNPs (-1031 T/C and -308 G/A) of the TNF-α and (+3954 C/T) of the IL-1β may be a useful marker in the assessment of the risk of Blastocystis infection, and TNF-α at position -308 G/A) may be a predictor for co-infection of Blastocystis with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ibrahim
- Genetic engineering and Biotechnology research institute, University of Sadat City (GEBRI, USC), Egypt; Departments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University (Laboratory of Molecular Medical Parasitology, LMMP), Egypt.
| | - Nancy O Kamel
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Egypt
| | - Fatma Rageh
- Infectious disease, Gastroenterology and hepatology department, Suez University, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elgamal
- Clinical pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Egypt
| | - Bassam Mansour Salama
- Infectious and Endemic Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Sakr
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, P.O. Box:43221, Suez, Egypt
| | | | - Eman M Osman
- Immunology and allergy department, Medical Research Institute Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Samar Sayed
- Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Egypt
| | - Manar Ezzelarab Ramadan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, P.O. Box:43221, Suez, Egypt
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Hanafy RM, Demian SR, Abou-Shamaa LA, Ghallab O, Osman EM. In-vitro Modulation of mTOR-HIF-1α Axis by TLR7/8 Agonist (Resiquimod) in B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:537-545. [PMID: 37786827 PMCID: PMC10542076 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-023-01649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting toll-like receptors (TLRs), via TLR agonists, has been implicated in the regulation of immunometabolism. B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) represents a suitable model for B-cell derived malignancies with shifted metabolic adaptations. Several signaling pathways have been found to be critical in metabolic reprogramming of CLL, including mechanistic target of rapamycin- hypoxia inducible factor-1α (mTOR- HIF-1α) pathway, the main metabolic regulator of glycolysis. Here, we investigated the effect of TLR7/8 agonist (Resiquimod) on the expression of mTOR and HIF-1α in patients with CLL. B cells were purified using Rosettesep Human B cell Enrichment Cocktail (Stem cell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada#15,024) from peripheral venous blood of CLL patients (n = 20) and healthy individuals (n = 15). Isolated B cells were then cultured in both presence and absence of Resiquimod. Gene expression of mTOR and HIF-1α were assessed using qRT-PCR. Resiquimod significantly decreased mTOR and HIF-1α gene expression in both CLL (p < 0.001and p < 0.001, respectively) and Normal B cells (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively). Resiquimod may reprogram immunometabolism of malignant B-CLL cells via down-regulation of key glycolytic metabolic actors, mTOR and HIF-1α genes. Accordingly, Resiquimod may be an adjuvant as a therapeutic tool for CLL, which needs to be studied further. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-023-01649-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Hanafy
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soheir R. Demian
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lobna A. Abou-Shamaa
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - O. Ghallab
- Internal Medicine Department (Hematology Unit), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Osman
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abo El Nazar S, Ghazy AA, Amer I, Tawfik S, Nassar M, Osman EM. Genetic polymorphisms of Endoplasmic reticulum amino peptidase 1 (ERAP1) and Interferon lambda 4 (IFN-λ4) in Egyptian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Egypt J Immunol 2023; 30:116-124. [PMID: 36592387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Different genetic and environmental factors are implicated in type I diabetes (T1DM) pathogenesis. About 50% of the genetic susceptibility for T1DM is related to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. Other non-HLA genes have variable roles in the destruction of pancreatic β cells. A highly variable gene called endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing gene 1(ERAP1) shares in activating autoreactive CD8+ T lymphocytes, peptide trimming, and subsequent pancreatic β cells destruction. Local production of inflammatory cytokines within the cells of islets of Langerhans is linked to T1DM progression. Different viral and autoimmune disorders have been linked to genetic variations in type III interferon (IFNλs). This study aimed to determine genetic polymorphisms of interferon lambda 4 (IFNλ4rs 73555604) and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases 1 (ERAP1 rs26618) in Egyptian patients with T1DM. The study recruited 120 patients with T1DM from Kafrelsheikh University Hospital and 100 normal controls who were age and sex matched with the patients' group. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of ERAP1(rs26618) and IFN-λ-4(rs73555604) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients with CC genotype were less likely to develop T1DM than those with TC and TT genotypes for both genes. In addition, T allele frequency in comparison to C allele frequency was significantly increased in T1DM patients when compared to control group (p < 0.001). There were positive correlations between studied SNPs for both genes, fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels which suggest the association of these genes with T1DM occurrence. We concluded that the studied SNPs of ERAP1gene (rs26618) and IFNλ-4 gene(rs73555604) may be associated with T1DM development. In addition, T alleles for both genes could be considered risk alleles while C alleles would be regarded as a protective allele. Patients with TC and TT genotypes would be at a higher risk for T1DM than those carrying CC genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Abo El Nazar
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany A Ghazy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafresheikh University, Kafresheikh, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Amer
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology & Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Kafresheikh University, Kafresheikh, Egypt
| | - Salwa Tawfik
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Nassar
- Research & Development laboratory at Nefertary Factory
| | - Eman M Osman
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abou Shousha SA, Hussein B, Shahine Y, Fadali G, Zohir M, Hamed Y, Hemedah M, Baheeg SA, Ibrahim A, El Shannawy M, Osman EM. Angiogenic activities of interleukin-8, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in breast cancer. Egypt J Immunol 2022; 29:54-63. [PMID: 35758969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a major contributor to tumor growth and metastasis within breast cancer tumor microenvironment in which different proangiogenic factors have been identified and associated with tumor progression, metastasis and poor prognosis. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the angiogenesis among breast cancer patients through ex vivo assessment of the angiogenic factors interleukin 8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expressions in excised tumor tissues as well as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) serum levels as well as the prognostic value of MMP-9. Our study included 28 invasive ductal carcinoma female patients who were scheduled for modified radical mastectomy at Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt and 10 control subjects. Both IL-8 and VEGF-A expressions were immunohistochemically detected in tumor tissues and serum MMP-9 was determined by ELISA. Although no significant correlations were found between each of IL-8, VEGF-A, MMP-9 levels, and patients' clinicopathological parameters, a significant positive correlation was found between these angiogenic factors each other suggesting their synergistic roles in proceeding angiogenesis. Higher serum MMP-9 level was detected in breast cancer patients compared to the control group, indicating that it can be used as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham A Abou Shousha
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Basma Hussein
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Shahine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Geylan Fadali
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Malak Zohir
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Yasser Hamed
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hemedah
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Suzan A Baheeg
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Central Laboratories Unit, Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed El Shannawy
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman M Osman
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Saad AE, Ashour DS, Osman EM. Different panel of toll-like receptors expression during chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection in experimental animals. Exp Parasitol 2022; 239:108317. [PMID: 35777451 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported the immunomodulatory effect of helminths to avoid the lethal immunopathology. During schistosomiasis, the immune response is orchestrated by toll-like receptors (TLRs). Modulating TLRs can alter the function of antigen presentation cells with the shift of the host's Th1 response to a dominant regulatory Th2 response. The objective of our study was to clarify which TLRs are related to the immune response of chronic Schistosoma infection. METHODS The study animals were divided into two groups; group I: uninfected mice; control group and group II: Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. mRNA expression of TLR2, 3, 4, 7, and 9 in different organs (liver, large intestine, and spleen) were assessed on day 90 post-infection. RESULTS TLR gene expression has changed depending on the tissue studied as the mRNA level of TLR2, TLR7, and TLR9 were significantly upregulated in all examined organs while TLR3 expression showed only significant upregulation in the liver of infected mice. On the other hand, TLR4 expression was significantly upregulated in the liver while significantly downregulated in the large intestine. CONCLUSION This study provides a better understanding of TLRs profile in different organs against S. mansoni parasites during the chronic phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer E Saad
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt; Medical Parasitology Sub-unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dalia S Ashour
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Eman M Osman
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mohamed FA, Hamouda AM, Osman EM. The Consistency among the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices As components of Consumption Rationalization Behavior: A Social Study of Rural Women in Menoufia Governorate. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal 2021. [DOI: 10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2021.148091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ghazy AA, Osman EM, Rashwan EA, Gaballah AH, Mostafa H, Tawfik S. Relation between microRNA-21, transforming growth factor β and response to treatment among chronic hepatitis C patients. J Med Virol 2019; 91:2166-2173. [PMID: 31368531 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and response to antiviral therapy has been shown to be associated with inappropriate levels of cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNA levels have been reported to fluctuate during treatment. Thus they could be useful predictors for responses to treatment among HCV infected patients, thereby reducing ineffective treatments. AIM The current study aimed to investigate the relation between miRNA-21 expression profiles, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) serum levels and response to treatment with the new direct antiviral drugs (sofosbuvir + daclatasvir ± ribavirin), among HCV infected Egyptian patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted on 50 HCV infected patients (before and after treatment) and 20 healthy volunteers. miRNA expression profiles were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and TGF-β1 serum levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS There was a significant increase in serum albumin, platelets count and a significant decrease in liver enzymes, serum bilirubin, and prothrombin time after treatment. Significant reduction of viral load among HCV patients after receiving the treatment was reported. Concomitantly, there was an increase in the relative quantity of miRNA-21 (P = .001*) and serum levels of TGF-β1 ( P = .337) among HCV patients after receiving treatment. CONCLUSION Nearly all responders to direct antiviral drugs showed increased levels of both miRNA-21 and TGF-β1. This may indicate an interplay between TGF-β1 and miRNA-21 during remission or progression of viral infection. Thus miRNA-21 could be used as promising serum biomarker, for assessment of antiviral treatment efficacy and improvement of fibrosis among chronically infected HCV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A Ghazy
- Microbiology and Medical Immunology Unit, Pathology Departments, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology & Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Eman M Osman
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman A Rashwan
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Gaballah
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan Mostafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salwa Tawfik
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the knowledge of hypertensive patients, in Kassala, eastern Sudan, about the disease, in relation to its control. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Kassala Teaching Hospital, Kassala, Eastern Sudan. SUBJECTS Patients with hypertension attending referred outpatient medical clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood pressure, control status and hypertension knowledge score. RESULTS Two hundred and forty two patients were involved in this study, of whom 68 (73.6%) were females and were of middle age. The majority were of low education. One fifth (19.4%) was found to have controlled blood pressure. About two-thirds of patients showed a high score of knowledge about the aetiology and complications of hypertension. Half of the patients knew about treatment of hypertension. Patients have a very low score regarding knowledge of symptoms of hypertension (38.8%). CONCLUSION This study showed good patients' knowledge about hypertension, but such knowledge did not seem to have a significant beneficial effect on blood pressure control. Health education is warranted by health care providers and other factors leading to poor control should be identified and managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Osman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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El-Amin HH, Osman EM, Mekki MO, Abdelraheem MB, Ismail MO, Yousif MEA, Abass AM, El-haj HS, Ammar HK. Hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients in Sudan: two centers' report. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2007; 18:101-6. [PMID: 17237901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of HCV seropositivity among the hemodialysis population in Sudan is estimated to be around 34%. We undertook a cross sectional study in two major HD centers in Khartoum, Sudan for the prevalence of HCV seropositivity among the hemodialysis patients, during January to March 2005. Testing for HCV antibodies was performed using 3rd generation enzyme linked immunoadsorption assay (ELISA). A total of 236 patients were included in the study: 218 adults and 18 children. The mean age was 43.6 +/- 15.6 years, and the majority was males: 71.6%. The cause of renal failure was unknown in 168 patients (71.2%). The mean HD duration was 36.6 +/- 35.1 months. Prevalence of HCV seropositivity was 23.7%. Among 170 patients who were previously HCV seronegative, 30 (17.1%) seroconverted to positive in one year (estimated incidence: 63 new cases per year). HCV seropositivity was associated with longer duration of dialysis (p < 0.00001), previous surgery (p= 0.026), age of over 30 and years (p = 0.008), and dialysis in multiple centers (p= 0.005). We conclude that although HCV seropositivity in our study was lower than previously reported, it was still high among HD patients in Sudan. Nosocomial transmission of HCV among hemodialysis patients is a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H El-Amin
- Dr. Salma Center for Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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Hashim MS, Salih MA, el Hag AA, Karrar ZA, Osman EM, el-Shiekh FS, el Tilib IA, Attala NE. AIDS and HIV infection in Sudanese children: a clinical and epidemiological study. AIDS Patient Care STDS 1997; 11:331-7. [PMID: 11361814 DOI: 10.1089/apc.1997.11.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV surveillance and screening programs were established at Khartoum Teaching Hospital (KTH) following the first identified HIV case diagnosed in a hemophiliac boy in November 1987. As of December 1995, 15 cases of symptomatic HIV infection have been observed in Sudanese children (< or = 16 years) at KTH. An HIV seroprevalence rate of 35.7% was documented in a group of 28 patients (adults and children) with various congenital coagulation defects. The postulated mode of transmission was through contaminated factor concentrate. Screening of 52,000 volunteer male blood donors (March, 1987-1989) showed an HIV-seroprevalence rate of 0.05%. Selected groups, including 1118 children admitted to KTH during the period 1985-1995, were screened for HIV infection. These included aseptic meningitis/encephalitis group (n = 52), high-risk group (n = 523), children with various chronic and malignant diseases (n = 181), and chronic blood recipients (n = 330). A group of 32 displaced homeless children who survived on the streets were also included. Overall, an HIV seroprevalence rate of 1.2% was established. Among the 15 children with symptomatic HIV infection, tuberculosis accounted for the majority of admissions (33.3%) followed by admission for recurrent infections (20.0%). Of the 13 children with nonparental mode of HIV transmission, a vertical mode was documented in 61.5%. The pattern of HIV infection in Greater Khartoum is similar to that in North Africa and the Middle East. However, the geographic influence of high endemicity in neighboring sub-Saharan countries might change it in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hashim
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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12
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Osman EM, Abboud OI, Sulaiman SM, Musa AR, Beleil OM, Sharfi AA. End-stage renal failure in Kartagener's syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991; 6:747. [PMID: 1754113 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/6.10.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
One hundred adult Sudanese patients who presented to Soba University Hospital (SUH) with established chronic renal failure (CRF) were studied to determine the aetiology. Thirty-eight had chronic glomerulonephritis, 12 renal calculi, nine diabetic renal disease, seven chronic pyelonephritis, five sequelae of acute renal failure (ARF), four renal vascular disease, three polycystic disease of the kidneys, and two obstructive uropathy. In 20 patients the aetiology was not determined because of late presentation to hospital. The results were compared with those of the developed countries, which differ greatly from Sudan in climate, diet, race, culture and social habits. The main differences were in the prevalence of renal calculi which, although being the second commonest cause of CRF in the Sudan, were rare in European countries. Also, diabetes mellitus was a much commoner cause of CRF in Sudan than Europe. Other aetiological factors were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Abboud
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
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14
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Abboud OI, Osman EM, Suleiman SM. Eight years study of Sudanese renal allograft recipients at Soba University Hospital. East Afr Med J 1989; 66:358-61. [PMID: 2791936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Forty sudanese renal allograft recipients were followed up at Soba University Hospital (SUH), Khartoum, Sudan, for varying periods between January 1978 and October 1985 accruing 1417 patient-months of observation. 21 transplant operations were done in United Kingdom, 11 in Kuwait, 1 in Sudan, while the rest were done in other European and Arab countries. There were 27 males and 13 females with the age ranging between 10 and 48 years with a mean of 30.15. Thirty eight patients received live related (LR) donor kidneys and two were transplanted with cadaver kidneys. Four patients had a second graft because of early loss of the first. Seven patients died, 3 because of chronic rejection, 3 had severe intractable diarrhoea and one died because of an unrelated cause. The 30 patients who had their transplantation 2 years ago or more were studied for the 2-year survival. Twenty seven of these were alive and well with functioning grafts giving a patient and graft survival of 90%. The complications encountered are discussed.
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Abstract
A study of the clinical presentation and conceivable causes of chronic renal failure (CRF) in 61 Sudanese patients in Khartoum is presented. The clinical features involved almost all the systems, however, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs and symptoms predominated. The causes of chronic renal failure in Sudan and Sweden are also studied for comparison. The causes of CRF in Sudan are chronic glomerulonephritis, obstructive nephropathy (stone disease), hypertension and diabetes mellitus in that order. The main causes of CRF in Sweden are chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus and chronic pyelonephritis. Of the 61 Sudanese patients 16 have kidney transplants, only one in Sudan, three patients are on regular hemodialysis, nine patients are on intermittent peritoneal dialysis, 16 are on conservative treatment and 17 died during the course of treatment.
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