1
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Yang Y, Badura ML, O’Leary PC, Delavan HM, Robinson TM, Egusa EA, Zhong X, Swinderman JT, Li H, Zhang M, Kim M, Ashworth A, Feng FY, Chou J, Yang L. Large tandem duplications in cancer result from transcription and DNA replication collisions. medRxiv 2024:2023.05.17.23290140. [PMID: 38260434 PMCID: PMC10802642 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.23290140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of somatic structural variations (SVs) in cancer, the underlying molecular mechanisms of their formation remain unclear. Here, we use 6,193 whole-genome sequenced tumors to study the contributions of transcription and DNA replication collisions to genome instability. After deconvoluting robust SV signatures in three independent pan-cancer cohorts, we detect transcription-dependent replicated-strand bias, the expected footprint of transcription-replication collision (TRC), in large tandem duplications (TDs). Large TDs are abundant in female-enriched, upper gastrointestinal tract and prostate cancers. They are associated with poor patient survival and mutations in TP53, CDK12, and SPOP. Upon inactivating CDK12, cells display significantly more TRCs, R-loops, and large TDs. Inhibition of G2/M checkpoint proteins, such as WEE1, CHK1, and ATR, selectively inhibits the growth of cells deficient in CDK12. Our data suggest that large TDs in cancer form due to TRCs, and their presence can be used as a biomarker for prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle L. Badura
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick C. O’Leary
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry M. Delavan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Troy M. Robinson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily A. Egusa
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason T. Swinderman
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haolong Li
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lixing Yang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Bidkar AP, Wang S, Bobba KN, Chan E, Bidlingmaier S, Egusa EA, Peter R, Ali U, Meher N, Wadhwa A, Dhrona S, Dasari C, Beckford-Vera D, Su Y, Tang R, Zhang L, He J, Wilson DM, Aggarwal R, VanBrocklin HF, Seo Y, Chou J, Liu B, Flavell RR. Treatment of prostate cancer with CD46 targeted 225Ac alpha particle radioimmunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1916-1928. [PMID: 36917693 PMCID: PMC10183825 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiopharmaceutical therapy is changing the standard of care in prostate cancer (PCa) and other malignancies. We previously reported high CD46 expression in PCa and developed an antibody-drug conjugate and immunoPET agent based on the YS5 antibody, which targets a tumor-selective CD46 epitope. Here, we present the preparation, preclinical efficacy, and toxicity evaluation of [225Ac]DOTA-YS5, a radioimmunotherapy agent based on the YS5 antibody. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 was developed, and its therapeutic efficiency was tested on cell derived (22Rv1, DU145), and patient derived (LTL-545, LTL484) PCa xenograft models. Biodistribution studies were carried out on 22Rv1 tumor xenograft models to confirm the targeting efficacy. Toxicity analysis of the [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 was carried out on nu/nu mice to study short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) toxicity. RESULTS Biodistribution study shows that [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 agent delivers high levels of radiation to the tumor tissue (11.64±1.37 %ID/g, 28.58±10.88 %ID/g, 29.35±7.76%ID/g, and 31.78±5.89 %ID/g at 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, and 408 h, respectively), compared to the healthy organs. [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 suppressed tumor size and prolonged survival in cell line and patient derived xenograft models. Toxicity analysis revealed that the 0.5 µCi activity levels showed toxicity to the kidneys, likely due to redistribution of daughter isotope 213Bi. CONCLUSIONS [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 suppressed the growth of cell-derived and patient-derived xenografts, including PSMA-positive and deficient models. Overall, this preclinical study confirms that [225Ac]DOTA-YS5 is a highly effective treatment and suggests feasibility for clinical translation of CD46 targeted radioligand therapy in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil P Bidkar
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sinan Wang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, China
| | | | - Emily Chan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Franciso, United States
| | - Scott Bidlingmaier
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, United States
| | - Emily A Egusa
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robin Peter
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, United States
| | - Umama Ali
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Niranjan Meher
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anju Wadhwa
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Suchi Dhrona
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Yang Su
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Tang
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- University of California, San Francisco, San Franciso, United States
| | - Jiang He
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - David M Wilson
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Youngho Seo
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Chou
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert R Flavell
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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3
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Chou J, Egusa EA, Wang S, Badura ML, Lee F, Bidkar AP, Zhu J, Shenoy T, Trepka K, Robinson TM, Steri V, Huang J, Wang Y, Small EJ, Chan E, Stohr BA, Ashworth A, Delafontaine B, Rottey S, Cooke KS, Hashemi Sadraei N, Yu B, Salvati M, Bailis JM, Feng FY, Flavell RR, Aggarwal R. Immunotherapeutic Targeting and PET Imaging of DLL3 in Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:301-315. [PMID: 36351060 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatments for de novo and treatment-emergent small-cell/neuroendocrine (t-SCNC) prostate cancer represent an unmet need for this disease. Using metastatic biopsies from patients with advanced cancer, we demonstrate that delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is expressed in de novo and t-SCNC and is associated with reduced survival. We develop a PET agent, [89Zr]-DFO-DLL3-scFv, that detects DLL3 levels in mouse SCNC models. In multiple patient-derived xenograft models, AMG 757 (tarlatamab), a half-life-extended bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) immunotherapy that redirects CD3-positive T cells to kill DLL3-expressing cells, exhibited potent and durable antitumor activity. Late relapsing tumors after AMG 757 treatment exhibited lower DLL3 levels, suggesting antigen loss as a resistance mechanism, particularly in tumors with heterogeneous DLL3 expression. These findings have been translated into an ongoing clinical trial of AMG 757 in de novo and t-SCNC, with a confirmed objective partial response in a patient with histologically confirmed SCNC. Overall, these results identify DLL3 as a therapeutic target in SCNC and demonstrate that DLL3-targeted BiTE immunotherapy has significant antitumor activity in this aggressive prostate cancer subtype. SIGNIFICANCE The preclinical and clinical evaluation of DLL3-directed immunotherapy, AMG 757, and development of a PET radiotracer for noninvasive DLL3 detection demonstrate the potential of targeting DLL3 in SCNC prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily A Egusa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sinan Wang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michelle L Badura
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California
| | - Fei Lee
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen, South San Francisco, California
| | - Anil P Bidkar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jun Zhu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Tanushree Shenoy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kai Trepka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Troy M Robinson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Veronica Steri
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric J Small
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily Chan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bradley A Stohr
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Keegan S Cooke
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California
| | | | - Brian Yu
- Global Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Mark Salvati
- Global Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California
| | - Julie M Bailis
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Amgen, South San Francisco, California
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
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4
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Chou J, Trepka K, Sjöström M, Egusa EA, Chu CE, Zhu J, Chan E, Gibb EA, Badura ML, Contreras-Sanz A, Stohr BA, Meng MV, Pruthi RS, Lotan Y, Black PC, Porten SP, Koshkin VS, Friedlander TW, Feng FY. TROP2 Expression Across Molecular Subtypes of Urothelial Carcinoma and Enfortumab Vedotin-resistant Cells. Eur Urol Oncol 2022; 5:714-718. [PMID: 35216942 PMCID: PMC10262920 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting TROP2, which has recently been approved for treatment-refractory metastatic urothelial cancer (UC). However, the variability of TROP2 expression across different bladder cancer (BC) subtypes, as well as after enfortumab vedotin (EV) exposure, remains unknown. Using gene expression data from four clinical cohorts with >1400 patient samples of muscle-invasive BC and a BC tissue microarray, we found that TROP2 mRNA and protein are highly expressed across basal, luminal, and stroma-rich subtypes, but depleted in the neuroendocrine subtype. In addition, TROP2 mRNA levels are correlated with NECTIN4 mRNA but are more highly expressed than NECTIN4 mRNA in patient cohorts and BC cell lines. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of TROP2 demonstrates that its expression is one factor governing SG sensitivity. After prolonged EV exposure, cells can downregulate NECTIN4, leading to EV resistance, but retain TROP2 expression and remain sensitive to SG, suggesting nonoverlapping resistance mechanisms to these ADCs. While our findings warrant further validation, they have significant implications for biomarker development, patient selection, and treatment sequencing in the clinic as well as clinical trial design and stratification for metastatic BC patients. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this report, we investigated the expression levels of the drug target TROP2 across different molecular subtypes of bladder cancer in multiple patient cohorts and cell lines. We found high levels of TROP2 in most subtypes except in the neuroendocrine subtype. Overall, TROP2 gene expression is higher than NECTIN4 gene expression, and cells resistant to enfortumab vedotin (EV), a NECTIN4-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, remain sensitive to sacituzumab govitecan (SG). Our findings suggest that SG may be effective across most bladder cancer subtypes, including the bladder cancers previously treated with EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chou
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Kai Trepka
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sjöström
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Egusa
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carissa E Chu
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Chan
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- Decipher Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L Badura
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bradley A Stohr
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell V Meng
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raj S Pruthi
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sima P Porten
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vadim S Koshkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Terence W Friedlander
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Zhao N, Chopra S, Trepka K, Wang YH, Sakhamuri S, Hooshdaran N, Kim H, Zhuo J, Lim SA, Leung KK, Egusa EA, Zhu J, Zhang L, Foye A, Sriram R, Chan E, Seo Y, Feng FY, Small EJ, Chou J, Wells JA, Aggarwal R, Evans MJ. CUB Domain-Containing Protein 1 (CDCP1) Is a Target for Radioligand Therapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, including PSMA Null Disease. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3066-3075. [PMID: 35604681 PMCID: PMC9288514 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the improvement in overall survival with 177Lu-PSMA 617, radioligand therapy (RLT) is now a viable option for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, responses are variable, in part due to low PSMA expression in 30% of patients. Herein, we evaluated whether the cell surface protein CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) can be exploited to treat mCRPC with RLT, including in PSMA-low subsets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CDCP1 levels were evaluated using RNA sequencing from 119 mCRPC biopsies. CDCP1 levels were assessed in 17 post-enzalutamide- or abiraterone-treated mCRPC biopsies, 12 patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and prostate cancer cell lines. 4A06, a recombinant human antibody that targets the CDCP1 ectodomain, was labeled with Zr-89 or Lu-177 and tested in tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS CDCP1 expression was observed in 90% of mCRPC biopsies, including small-cell neuroendocrine (SCNC) and adenocarcinomas with low FOLH1 (PSMA) levels. Fifteen of 17 evaluable mCRPC biopsies (85%) demonstrated membranous CDCP1 expression, and 4 of 17 (23%) had higher CDCP1 H-scores compared with PSMA. CDCP1 was expressed in 10 of 12 PDX samples. Bmax values of approximately 22,000, 6,200, and 2,800 fmol/mg were calculated for PC3, DU145, and C4-2B human prostate cancer cells, respectively. 89Zr-4A06 PET detected six human prostate cancer xenografts, including PSMA-low tumors. 177Lu-4A06 significantly suppressed growth of DU145 and C4-2B xenografts. CONCLUSIONS The data provide the first evidence supporting CDCP1-directed RLT to treat mCRPC. Expanded studies are warranted to determine whether CDCP1 is a viable drug target for patients with mCPRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Shalini Chopra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kai Trepka
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Yung-hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Sasank Sakhamuri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Nima Hooshdaran
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jie Zhuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Shion A. Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kevin K. Leung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Emily A. Egusa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Adam Foye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Felix Y. Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Eric J. Small
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - James A. Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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6
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Chu CE, Sjöström M, Egusa EA, Gibb EA, Badura ML, Zhu J, Koshkin VS, Stohr BA, Meng MV, Pruthi RS, Friedlander TW, Lotan Y, Black PC, Porten SP, Feng FY, Chou J. Heterogeneity in NECTIN4 Expression Across Molecular Subtypes of Urothelial Cancer Mediates Sensitivity to Enfortumab Vedotin. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5123-5130. [PMID: 34108177 PMCID: PMC8634828 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting NECTIN4 (encoded by the PVRL4/NECTIN4 gene) approved for treatment-refractory metastatic urothelial cancer. Factors that mediate sensitivity or resistance to EV are unknown. In this study, we sought to (i) examine heterogeneity of NECTIN4 gene expression across molecular subtypes of bladder cancer and (ii) determine whether NECTIN4 expression mediates EV sensitivity or resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Molecular subtyping and NECTIN4 expression data from seven muscle-invasive bladder cancer clinical cohorts (n = 1,915 total specimens) were used to assess NECTIN4 expression across molecular subtypes. The outcome of the transcriptomic analysis was relative NECTIN4 expression in the consensus molecular subtypes of bladder cancer. Expression of NECTIN4 was validated in bladder cancer cell lines. NECTIN4 was stably overexpressed or knocked down in basal and luminal bladder cancer cell lines and EV drug sensitivity assays were performed, as measured by cell proliferation and clonogenic assays. RESULTS NECTIN4 expression is heterogenous across molecular subtypes of bladder cancer and significantly enriched in luminal subtypes. NECTIN4 expression is positively correlated with luminal markers GATA3, FOXA1, and PPARG across all cohorts. NECTIN4 expression is both necessary and sufficient for EV sensitivity in luminal and basal subtypes of urothelial bladder cancer cells. Downregulation of NECTIN4 leads to EV resistance. CONCLUSIONS Sensitivity to EV is mediated by expression of NECTIN4, which is enriched in luminal subtypes of bladder cancer. These findings may have implications for biomarker development, patient selection, and the inclusion of molecular subtyping in ongoing and future EV clinical trials.See related commentary by Teo and Rosenberg, p. 4950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa E Chu
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Martin Sjöström
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily A Egusa
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- Decipher Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Michelle L Badura
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jun Zhu
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Vadim S Koshkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Bradley A Stohr
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Maxwell V Meng
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Raj S Pruthi
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Terence W Friedlander
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sima P Porten
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan Chou
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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7
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Das R, Sjöström M, Shrestha R, Yogodzinski C, Egusa EA, Chesner LN, Chen WS, Chou J, Dang DK, Swinderman JT, Ge A, Hua JT, Kabir S, Quigley DA, Small EJ, Ashworth A, Feng FY, Gilbert LA. An integrated functional and clinical genomics approach reveals genes driving aggressive metastatic prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4601. [PMID: 34326322 PMCID: PMC8322386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing of thousands of tumors has revealed many genes associated with specific types of cancer. Similarly, large scale CRISPR functional genomics efforts have mapped genes required for cancer cell proliferation or survival in hundreds of cell lines. Despite this, for specific disease subtypes, such as metastatic prostate cancer, there are likely a number of undiscovered tumor specific driver genes that may represent potential drug targets. To identify such genetic dependencies, we performed genome-scale CRISPRi screens in metastatic prostate cancer models. We then created a pipeline in which we integrated pan-cancer functional genomics data with our metastatic prostate cancer functional and clinical genomics data to identify genes that can drive aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes. Our integrative analysis of these data reveals known prostate cancer specific driver genes, such as AR and HOXB13, as well as a number of top hits that are poorly characterized. In this study we highlight the strength of an integrated clinical and functional genomics pipeline and focus on two top hit genes, KIF4A and WDR62. We demonstrate that both KIF4A and WDR62 drive aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes in vitro and in vivo in multiple models, irrespective of AR-status, and are also associated with poor patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raunak Shrestha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Yogodzinski
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Egusa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa N Chesner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William S Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Chou
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donna K Dang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason T Swinderman
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex Ge
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junjie T Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shaheen Kabir
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Luke A Gilbert
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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8
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Chu C, Sjöström M, Egusa EA, Gibb E, Badura ML, Koshkin VS, Stohr BA, Meng M, Pruthi R, Friedlander TW, Lotan Y, Black PC, Porten SP, Feng FY, Chou J. Heterogeneity in Nectin-4 expression across molecular subtypes of urothelial cancer mediates sensitivity to enfortumab vedotin. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
463 Background: Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting Nectin-4 (encoded by the PVRL4/NECTIN4 gene ) approved for treatment-refractory metastatic urothelial cancer. Factors that mediate sensitivity or resistance to EV are unknown. In the present study, we sought to 1) examine heterogeneity of NECTIN4 gene expression across molecular subtypes of bladder cancer and 2) determine if Nectin-4 expression mediates EV sensitivity or resistance. Methods: NECTIN4 expression data from seven muscle-invasive bladder cancer clinical cohorts (n = 1912 total patients) were used to compare relative NECTIN4 expression across molecular subtypes. The outcome of the gene expression analysis was relative NECTIN4 expression in the consensus molecular subtypes of bladder cancer. Expression of NECTIN4 was validated in multiple bladder cancer cell lines. NECTIN4 was stably over-expressed or knocked down in basal (TCCSUP and UMUC-3) and luminal (HT-1376, HT-1197 and UMUC-9) bladder cancer cell lines, respectively, and EV dose-response assays were performed, as measured by cell proliferation and clonogenic assays. Results: NECTIN4 expression is heterogenous across molecular subtypes of bladder cancer and significantly enriched in luminal subtypes (p < 0.001). NECTIN4 expression is positively correlated with the luminal markers GATA3, FOXA1, and PPARG across cohorts (Spearman’s rank correlation r = 0.57, p < 0.0001 for GATA3, r = 0.37, p < 0.0001 for FOXA1, and r = 0.56, p < 0.0001 for PPARG). NECTIN4 expression is both necessary and sufficient for EV sensitivity in luminal and basal subtypes of urothelial bladder cancer cells. Downregulation of NECTIN4 led to EV resistance, and EV-resistant cell lines expressed decreased levels of Nectin-4. Conclusions: Results of this pre-clinical study suggest that sensitivity to EV is mediated by expression of NECTIN4, which is significantly enriched in luminal subtypes of bladder cancer. Downregulation of NECTIN4 leads to resistance to EV. These findings have implications for biomarker development, patient selection and the inclusion of molecular subtyping in ongoing and future EV clinical trials. Further investigation into Nectin-4 loss as a mechanism of resistance in patients treated on EV is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Ewan Gibb
- GenomeDx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Vadim S Koshkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bradley A. Stohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Maxwell Meng
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Raj Pruthi
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Terence W. Friedlander
- University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Yair Lotan
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Peter C. Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sima P. Porten
- University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonathan Chou
- University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
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9
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Wang S, Li J, Hua J, Su Y, Beckford-Vera DR, Zhao W, Jayaraman M, Huynh TL, Zhao N, Wang YH, Huang Y, Qin F, Shen S, Gioeli D, Dreicer R, Sriram R, Egusa EA, Chou J, Feng FY, Aggarwal R, Evans MJ, Seo Y, Liu B, Flavell RR, He J. Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer Targeting CD46 Using ImmunoPET. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1305-1315. [PMID: 33293372 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently identified CD46 as a novel therapeutic target in prostate cancer. In this study, we developed a CD46-targeted PET radiopharmaceutical, [89Zr]DFO-YS5, and evaluated its performance for immunoPET imaging in murine prostate cancer models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN [89Zr]DFO-YS5 was prepared and its in vitro binding affinity for CD46 was measured. ImmunoPET imaging was conducted in male athymic nu/nu mice bearing DU145 [AR-, CD46+, prostate-specific membrane antigen-negative (PSMA-)] or 22Rv1 (AR+, CD46+, PSMA+) tumors, and in NOD/SCID gamma mice bearing patient-derived adenocarcinoma xenograft, LTL-331, and neuroendocrine prostate cancers, LTL-331R and LTL-545. RESULTS [89Zr]DFO-YS5 binds specifically to the CD46-positive human prostate cancer DU145 and 22Rv1 xenografts. In biodistribution studies, the tumor uptake of [89Zr]DFO-YS5 was 13.3 ± 3.9 and 11.2 ± 2.5 %ID/g, respectively, in DU145 and 22Rv1 xenografts, 4 days postinjection. Notably, [89Zr]DFO-YS5 demonstrated specific uptake in the PSMA- and AR-negative DU145 model. [89Zr]DFO-YS5 also showed uptake in the patient-derived LTL-331 and -331R models, with particularly high uptake in the LTL-545 neuroendocrine prostate cancer tumors (18.8 ± 5.3, 12.5 ± 1.8, and 32 ± 5.3 %ID/g in LTL-331, LTL-331R, and LTL-545, respectively, at 4 days postinjection). CONCLUSIONS [89Zr]DFO-YS5 is an excellent PET imaging agent across a panel of prostate cancer models, including in both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer, both cell line- and patient-derived xenografts, and both PSMA-positive and -negative tumors. It demonstrates potential for clinical translation as an imaging agent, theranostic platform, and companion biomarker in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hua
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Denis R Beckford-Vera
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Walter Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mayuri Jayaraman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yangjie Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Fujun Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sui Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel Gioeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert Dreicer
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Departments of Medicine and Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily A Egusa
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan Chou
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Felix Y Feng
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia. .,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
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10
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Egusa EA, Edwards DJ, Thao ML, Kirk LL, Hanne LF. Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria that Produce Polyhydroxybutyrate Depolymerases. J Microbiol Biol Educ 2018; 19:jmbe-19-106. [PMID: 30595788 PMCID: PMC6289828 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.v19i3.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of environmental bacterial strains with diverse metabolic properties such as antibiotic production, sulfide oxidation, and the ability to use different nutrient sources is a common undergraduate lab experience. This article describes a useful protocol for the detection and isolation of bacteria that can degrade the common carbon storage biopolymer poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). The procedure utilizes a low nutrient media supplemented with insoluble PHB that allows for the easy, visible detection of strains that produce extracellular PHB degrading enzymes. This method can be used to determine the percent of culturable bacteria from various environments that can degrade PHB. Further, PHB degrading exoenzyme activity can be monitored from pure cultures by: (1) Growing cells in broth, (2) inducing with PHB, and (3) measuring activity of supernatant with a UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The enzymatic breakdown of PHB presents an opportunity to expose students to the concept of using biodegradable plastics as a solution to the global plastic waste problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Egusa
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929
| | - Daniel J. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929
| | - MyLo L. Thao
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, CA 95382
| | - Larry L. Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929
| | - Larry F. Hanne
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929
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