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Ni L, Viner J, Phuong C, Liu SJ, Yee E, Petrofsky M, Kwon DH, Daras M, Brondfield S, Boreta L. Provider Perceptions of a Novel Inpatient Co-Rounding Model Integrating Medical Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Radiation Oncology for the Care of Patients with Advanced Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S61. [PMID: 37784538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Patients (pts) with advanced cancer require interdisciplinary care. Although tumor boards are well-established in the outpatient setting, few studies have evaluated interventions for improving consultative care coordination for hospitalized pts with cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel inpatient co-rounding model of care in which medical-, neuro-, and radiation-oncology consult teams rounded jointly, with the hypothesis that primary referring team perception of the alignment of the recommendations from these consult services would improve post-implementation. MATERIALS/METHODS An inpatient co-rounding model was implemented in September 2021 for hospitalized pts with solid malignancies at a tertiary medical center. Attending physicians, nurse practitioners, fellows, and residents from oncologic consulting services met virtually twice weekly to discuss pt care. Providers from the two most common primary services for pts with cancer at this hospital (hospital medicine and neurosurgery) were surveyed via institutional email listservs. The survey included Likert-type questions about the quality of inpatient consultation and the alignment of recommendations across three consulting oncological specialty services. The pre-intervention survey was distributed prior to model implementation, and the post-intervention survey was distributed 9 months later. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare responses from the pre-and post-intervention surveys. RESULTS At each session, a median of 6 providers attended (range, 4-8 providers), and a median of 6 pts were discussed (range, 4-8 pts). Among 331 providers surveyed, 119 completed the pre-intervention survey (36% response rate), and 34 completed the post-intervention survey (10% response rate). Respondents were 81 (53%) internal medicine attending physicians/hospitalists, 55 (36%) internal medicine resident physicians, 6 (4%) neurosurgery advanced practice providers, 6 (4%) neurosurgery attending physicians, and 5 (3%) neurosurgery resident physicians. When asked to rate agreement with the statement that consultant recommendations from medical-, neuro-, and radiation-oncology were aligned, respondents were significantly more likely to perceive alignment 9 months post-implementation (67% strongly agree) compared to pre-implementation (23% strongly agree, p = 0.0001). There was high satisfaction with the quality of medical-, neuro-, and radiation-oncology consultations at both time points, with no statistical difference pre- vs. post-implementation of the co-rounding model. CONCLUSION A novel inpatient co-rounding model of care was successfully launched between medical-, neuro-, and radiation-oncology. Primary teams perceived greater alignment in recommendations between these consulting services after project implementation. Future directions include evaluating the impact of this co-rounding model on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ni
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology, San Francisco, CA
| | - J Viner
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Division of Neurologic Oncology, San Francisco, CA
| | - C Phuong
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology, San Francisco, CA
| | - S J Liu
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology, San Francisco, CA
| | - E Yee
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology, San Francisco, CA
| | - M Petrofsky
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, San Francisco, CA
| | - D H Kwon
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, San Francisco, CA
| | - M Daras
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurology, Division of Neurologic Oncology, San Francisco, CA
| | - S Brondfield
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, San Francisco, CA
| | - L Boreta
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Radiation Oncology, San Francisco, CA
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2
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On SL, Miller WG, Yee E, Sturgis J, Patsekin V, Lindsay JA, Robinson JP. Identification of colonies of cultured shellfish-associated Arcobacter species by Elastic Light Scatter Analysis. Curr Res Microb Sci 2021; 2:100033. [PMID: 34841324 PMCID: PMC8610310 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of Arcobacter species (including several regarded as emerging human foodborne pathogens) have been isolated from shellfish, an important food commodity. A method to distinguish these species and render viable isolates for further analysis would benefit epidemiological and ecological studies. We describe a method based on Elastic Light Scatter analysis (ELSA) for the detection and discrimination of eleven shellfish-associated Arcobacter species. Although substantive differences in the growth rates of some taxa were seen, ELSA was able to differentiate all the species studied, apart from some strains of A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, which were nonetheless distinguished from all other species examined. ELSA appears to be a promising new approach for the detection and identification of Arcobacter species in shellfish and may also be applicable for studies in other foods and matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L.W. On
- Department of Wine, Food & Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, New Zealand
| | - William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sturgis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, USA
| | - Valery Patsekin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, USA
| | | | - J. Paul Robinson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, USA
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Kim S, Yee E, Miller EA, Hao Y, Tay DMY, Sung KJ, Jia H, Johnson JM, Saeed M, Mace CR, Yüksel Yurt D, Sikes HD. Developing a SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test Using Engineered Affinity Proteins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:38990-39002. [PMID: 34379400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has clearly established how vital rapid, widely accessible diagnostic tests are in controlling infectious diseases and how difficult and slow it is to scale existing technologies. Here, we demonstrate the use of the rapid affinity pair identification via directed selection (RAPIDS) method to discover multiple affinity pairs for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein), a biomarker of COVID-19, from in vitro libraries in 10 weeks. The pair with the highest biomarker sensitivity was then integrated into a 10 min, vertical-flow cellulose paper test. Notably, the as-identified affinity proteins were compatible with a roll-to-roll printing process for large-scale manufacturing of tests. The test achieved 40 and 80 pM limits of detection in 1× phosphate-buffered saline (mock swab) and saliva matrices spiked with cell-culture-generated SARS-CoV-2 viruses and is also capable of detection of N-protein from characterized clinical swab samples. Hence, this work paves the way toward the mass production of cellulose paper-based assays which can address the shortages faced due to dependence on nitrocellulose and current manufacturing techniques. Further, the results reported herein indicate the promise of RAPIDS and engineered binder proteins for the timely and flexible development of clinically relevant diagnostic tests in response to emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emma Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric A Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yining Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dousabel M Y Tay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ki-Joo Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Huan Jia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Joseph M Johnson
- Quanterix Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston, Massachusetts 02188, United States
| | - Charles R Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | | | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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4
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Kim S, Hao Y, Miller EA, Tay DMY, Yee E, Kongsuphol P, Jia H, McBee M, Preiser PR, Sikes HD. Vertical Flow Cellulose-Based Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection in Human Serum. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1891-1898. [PMID: 33822583 PMCID: PMC8043201 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and inexpensive serological tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies are essential to conduct large-scale seroprevalence surveys and can potentially complement nucleic acid or antigen tests at the point of care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, extreme demand for traditional lateral flow tests has stressed manufacturing capacity and supply chains. Motivated by this limitation, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test using cellulose, an alternative membrane material, and a double-antigen sandwich format. Functionalized SARS-CoV-2 antigens were used as both capture and reporter binders, replacing the anti-human antibodies currently used in lateral flow tests. The test could provide enhanced sensitivity because it labels only antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the signal intensity is not diminished due to other human antibodies in serum. Three-dimensional channels in the assay were designed to have consistent flow rates and be easily manufactured by folding wax-printed paper. We demonstrated that this simple, vertical flow, cellulose-based assay could detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in clinical samples within 15 min, and the results were consistent with those from a laboratory, bead-based chemiluminescence immunoassay that was granted emergency use approval by the US FDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yining Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric A. Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dousabel M. Y. Tay
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emma Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patthara Kongsuphol
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research
Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1
CREATE Way, Singapore 138602
| | - Huan Jia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research
Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1
CREATE Way, Singapore 138602
| | - Megan McBee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research
Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1
CREATE Way, Singapore 138602
| | - Peter R. Preiser
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research
Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1
CREATE Way, Singapore 138602
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang
Technological University Singapore, Singapore 639798,
Singapore
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Program in Polymers and Soft Matter,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research
Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1
CREATE Way, Singapore 138602
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5
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Kim S, Yee E, Miller EA, Hao Y, Tay DMY, Sung KJ, Jia H, Johnson JM, Saeed M, Mace CR, Yurt DY, Sikes HD. Developing a SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test Using Engineered Affinity Proteins. ChemRxiv 2021:14442785. [PMID: 34013166 PMCID: PMC8132241 DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.14442785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has clearly established how vital rapid, widely accessible diagnostic tests are in controlling infectious diseases and how difficult and slow it is to scale existing technologies. Here, we demonstrate the use of the rapid affinity pair identification via directed selection (RAPIDS) method to discover multiple affinity pairs for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein), a biomarker of COVID-19, from in vitro libraries in 10 weeks. The pair with the highest biomarker sensitivity was then integrated into a 10-minute, vertical-flow cellulose paper test. Notably, the as-identified affinity proteins were compatible with a roll-to-roll printing process for large-scale manufacturing of tests. The test achieved 40 pM and 80 pM limits of detection in 1×PBS (mock swab) and saliva matrices spiked with cell-culture generated SARS-CoV-2 viruses and is also capable of detection of N-protein from characterized clinical swab samples. Hence, this work paves the way towards the mass production of cellulose paper-based assays which can address the shortages faced due to dependence on nitrocellulose and current manufacturing techniques. Further, the results reported herein indicate the promise of RAPIDS and engineered binder proteins for the timely and flexible development of clinically relevant diagnostic tests in response to emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric A. Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yining Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dousabel M. Y. Tay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ki-Joo Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Huan Jia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | | | - Mohsan Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston, MA 02188, USA
| | - Charles R. Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | | | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Antimicrobial Resistance Integrated Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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6
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Chen K, Wu S, Yee E, Braunstein S, Boreta L. Whole Brain Radiation for Brain Metastases at a Tertiary Hospital with High-Volume Radiosurgical Practice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Wu S, Yee E, Fogh S, Boreta L, Hong J, Braunstein S. Classification of Patients at Imminent Risk of Death at the Time of Palliative Radiotherapy Consultation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Breathett K, Yee E, Pool N, Hebdon M, Crist J, Yee R, Knapp S, Solola S, Luy L, Herrera‐Theut K, Zabala L, Stone J, McEwen M, Calhoun E, Sweitzer N. Sex and Race Biases in Allocation of Advanced Heart Failure Therapies. Health Serv Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Yee
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - N. Pool
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - M. Hebdon
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - J. Crist
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - R. Yee
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - S. Knapp
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - S. Solola
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - L. Luy
- University of Rochester Rochester NY United States
| | | | - L. Zabala
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - J. Stone
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - M. McEwen
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - E. Calhoun
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
| | - N. Sweitzer
- University of Arizona Tucson AZ United States
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Miller WG, Yee E, Bono JL. Complete Genome Sequencing of Four Arcobacter Species Reveals a Diverse Suite of Mobile Elements. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:3850-3856. [PMID: 32011709 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter species are recovered from a wide variety of sources, including animals, food, and both fresh and marine waters. Several Arcobacter species have also been recovered from human clinical samples and are thus associated tentatively with food- and water-borne human illnesses. Genome sequencing of the poultry isolate Arcobacter cibarius H743 and the Arcobacter acticola, Arcobacter pacificus, and Arcobacter porcinus type strains identified a large number and variety of insertion sequences. This study presents an analysis of these A. acticola, A. cibarius, A. pacificus, and A. porcinus IS elements. The four genomes sequenced here contain 276 complete and degenerate IS elements, representing 13 of the current 29 prokaryotic IS element families. Expansion of the analysis to include 15 other previously sequenced Arcobacter spp. added 73 complete and degenerate IS elements. Several of these IS elements were identified in two or more Arcobacter species, suggesting movement by horizontal gene transfer between the arcobacters. These IS elements are putatively associated with intragenomic deletions and inversions, and tentative movement of antimicrobial resistance genes. The A. cibarius strain H743 megaplasmid contains multiple IS elements common to the chromosome and, unusually, a complete ribosomal RNA locus, indicating that larger scale genomic rearrangements, potentially resulting from IS element-mediated megaplasmid cointegration and resolution may be occurring within A. cibarius and possibly other arcobacters. The presence of such a large and varied suite of mobile elements could have profound effects on Arcobacter biology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - James L Bono
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska
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10
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Miller WG, Yee E. Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter skirrowii Type Strain LMG 6621. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:e01308-18. [PMID: 30533756 PMCID: PMC6256491 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01308-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter skirrowii is a species of veterinary importance, originally recovered from the feces, aborted fetuses, and preputial fluids of livestock. We present here the whole-genome sequence of the A. skirrowii type strain LMG 6621 (= 449/80T = CCUG 10374T), isolated in the United Kingdom from a lamb diarrheal fecal sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
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Miller WG, Yee E, Bono JL. Complete Genome Sequences of the Arcobacter cryaerophilus Strains ATCC 43158 T and ATCC 49615. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:e01463-18. [PMID: 30533823 PMCID: PMC6256622 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01463-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter cryaerophilus was originally recovered from aborted bovine and porcine fetuses, but it has been subsequently isolated from meat, water, and human clinical samples. This study describes the complete whole-genome sequences of two A. cryaerophilus strains, ATCC 43158T (=A 169/BT =LMG 24291T) and ATCC 49615 (=CDC D2610 =LMG 10829).
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - James L. Bono
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
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12
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Miller WG, Yee E, Bono JL. Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter suis Type Strain LMG 26152. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:e01307-18. [PMID: 30533764 PMCID: PMC6256499 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01307-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter species are prevalent in pigs, and strains have been isolated from pig feces and pork meat; some Arcobacter strains may be porcine abortifacients. Arcobacter suis was recovered from pork meat in Spain. This study describes the whole-genome sequence of the A. suis type strain LMG 26152 (=F41T =CECT 7833T).
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - James L. Bono
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
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13
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Miller WG, Yee E, Bono JL. Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter molluscorum Type Strain LMG 25693. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:e01293-18. [PMID: 30533749 PMCID: PMC6256585 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01293-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As components of freshwater and marine microflora, Arcobacter spp. are often recovered from shellfish, such as mussels, clams, and oysters. Arcobacter molluscorum was isolated from mussels from the Ebro Delta in Catalonia, Spain. This article describes the whole-genome sequence of the A. molluscorum strain LMG 25693T (= F98-3T = CECT 7696T).
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Miller
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California, USA
| | - James L. Bono
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
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14
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Miller WG, Yee E, Bono JL. Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter ellisii Type Strain LMG 26155. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:e01268-18. [PMID: 30533751 PMCID: PMC6256587 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01268-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter spp. are highly prevalent in contaminated environmental waters and have been recovered from both freshwater and seawater, with several species isolated from shellfish. Arcobacter ellisii was recovered from mussels collected in Catalonia, Spain. This study describes the whole-genome sequence of the A. ellisii type strain LMG 26155 (=F79-6T =CECT 7837T).
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - James L. Bono
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
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15
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Miller WG, Yee E, Huynh S, Parker CT. Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter marinus Type Strain JCM 15502. Microbiol Resour Announc 2018; 7:e01269-18. [PMID: 30533748 PMCID: PMC6256584 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01269-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter species are often recovered from marine environments and are isolated from both seawater and shellfish. Arcobacter marinus was recovered from the homogenate of a sample containing surface seawater, seaweed, and a starfish. This study describes the whole-genome sequence of the A. marinus type strain JCM 15502 (= CL-S1T = KCCM 90072T).
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Affiliation(s)
- William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Craig T. Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
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Abstract
Campylobacter sputorum is a nonthermotolerant campylobacter that is primarily isolated from food animals such as cattle and sheep. C. sputorum is also infrequently associated with human illness. Based on catalase and urease activity, three biovars are currently recognized within C. sputorum: bv. sputorum (catalase negative, urease negative), bv. fecalis (catalase positive, urease negative), and bv. paraureolyticus (catalase negative, urease positive). A multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) method was recently constructed for C. sputorum. MLST typing of several cattle-associated C. sputorum isolates suggested that they are members of a divergent C. sputorum clade. Although catalase positive, and thus technically bv. fecalis, the taxonomic position of these strains could not be determined solely by MLST. To further characterize C. sputorum, the genomes of four strains, representing all three biovars and the divergent clade, were sequenced to completion. Here we present a comparative genomic analysis of the four C. sputorum genomes. This analysis indicates that the three biovars and the cattle-associated strains are highly related at the genome level with similarities in gene content. Furthermore, the four genomes are strongly syntenic with one or two minor inversions. However, substantial differences in gene content were observed among the three biovars. Finally, although the strain representing the cattle-associated isolates was shown to be C. sputorum, it is possible that this strain is a member of a novel C. sputorum subspecies; thus, these cattle-associated strains may form a second taxon within C. sputorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - Mary H Chapman
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - James L Bono
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska
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Miller WG, Yee E, Lopes BS, Chapman MH, Huynh S, Bono JL, Parker CT, Strachan NJC, Forbes KJ. Comparative Genomic Analysis Identifies a Campylobacter Clade Deficient in Selenium Metabolism. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:1843-1858. [PMID: 28854596 PMCID: PMC5570042 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonthermotolerant Campylobacter species C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. iguaniorum, and C. lanienae form a distinct phylogenetic cluster within the genus. These species are primarily isolated from foraging (swine) or grazing (e.g., cattle, sheep) animals and cause sporadic and infrequent human illness. Previous typing studies identified three putative novel C. lanienae-related taxa, based on either MLST or atpA sequence data. To further characterize these putative novel taxa and the C. fetus group as a whole, 76 genomes were sequenced, either to completion or to draft level. These genomes represent 26 C. lanienae strains and 50 strains of the three novel taxa. C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis and C. iguaniorum genomes were previously sequenced to completion; therefore, a comparative genomic analysis across the entire C. fetus group was conducted (including average nucleotide identity analysis) that supports the initial identification of these three novel Campylobacter species. Furthermore, C. lanienae and the three putative novel species form a discrete clade within the C. fetus group, which we have termed the C. lanienae clade. This clade is distinguished from other members of the C. fetus group by a reduced genome size and distinct CRISPR/Cas systems. Moreover, there are two signature characteristics of the C. lanienae clade. C. lanienae clade genomes carry four to ten unlinked and similar, but nonidentical, flagellin genes. Additionally, all 76 C. lanienae clade genomes sequenced demonstrate a complete absence of genes related to selenium metabolism, including genes encoding the selenocysteine insertion machinery, selenoproteins, and the selenocysteinyl tRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - Bruno S Lopes
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mary H Chapman
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - James L Bono
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, NE
| | - Craig T Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA
| | - Norval J C Strachan
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ken J Forbes
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Gilbert MJ, Miller WG, Yee E, Kik M, Zomer AL, Wagenaar JA, Duim B. Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter iguaniorum to Unravel Genetic Regions Associated with Reptilian Hosts. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3022-3029. [PMID: 27604878 PMCID: PMC5630845 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter iguaniorum is most closely related to the species C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, and C. lanienae. Reptiles, chelonians and lizards in particular, appear to be a primary reservoir of this Campylobacter species. Here we report the genome comparison of C. iguaniorum strain 1485E, isolated from a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), and strain 2463D, isolated from a green iguana (Iguana iguana), with the genomes of closely related taxa, in particular with reptile-associated C. fetus subsp. testudinum. In contrast to C. fetus, C. iguaniorum is lacking an S-layer encoding region. Furthermore, a defined lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus, encoding multiple glycosyltransferases and bounded by waa genes, is absent from C. iguaniorum. Instead, multiple predicted glycosylation regions were identified in C. iguaniorum. One of these regions is > 50 kb with deviant G + C content, suggesting acquisition via lateral transfer. These similar, but non-homologous glycosylation regions were located at the same position on the genome in both strains. Multiple genes encoding respiratory enzymes not identified to date within the C. fetus clade were present. C. iguaniorum shared highest homology with C. hyointestinalis and C. fetus. As in reptile-associated C. fetus subsp. testudinum, a putative tricarballylate catabolism locus was identified. However, despite colonizing a shared host, no recent recombination between both taxa was detected. This genomic study provides a better understanding of host adaptation, virulence, phylogeny, and evolution of C. iguaniorum and related Campylobacter taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Gilbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Marja Kik
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gilbert MJ, Miller WG, Yee E, Zomer AL, van der Graaf-van Bloois L, Fitzgerald C, Forbes KJ, Méric G, Sheppard SK, Wagenaar JA, Duim B. Comparative Genomics of Campylobacter fetus from Reptiles and Mammals Reveals Divergent Evolution in Host-Associated Lineages. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2006-19. [PMID: 27333878 PMCID: PMC4943207 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter fetus currently comprises three recognized subspecies, which display distinct host association. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and C fetus subsp. venerealis are both associated with endothermic mammals, primarily ruminants, whereas C fetus subsp. testudinum is primarily associated with ectothermic reptiles. Both C. fetus subsp. testudinum and C. fetus subsp. fetus have been associated with severe infections, often with a systemic component, in immunocompromised humans. To study the genetic factors associated with the distinct host dichotomy in C. fetus, whole-genome sequencing and comparison of mammal- and reptile-associated C fetus was performed. The genomes of C fetus subsp. testudinum isolated from either reptiles or humans were compared with elucidate the genetic factors associated with pathogenicity in humans. Genomic comparisons showed conservation of gene content and organization among C fetus subspecies, but a clear distinction between mammal- and reptile-associated C fetus was observed. Several genomic regions appeared to be subspecies specific, including a putative tricarballylate catabolism pathway, exclusively present in C fetus subsp. testudinum strains. Within C fetus subsp. testudinum, sapA, sapB, and sapAB type strains were observed. The recombinant locus iamABC (mlaFED) was exclusively associated with invasive C fetus subsp. testudinum strains isolated from humans. A phylogenetic reconstruction was consistent with divergent evolution in host-associated strains and the existence of a barrier to lateral gene transfer between mammal- and reptile-associated C fetus Overall, this study shows that reptile-associated C fetus subsp. testudinum is genetically divergent from mammal-associated C fetus subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Gilbert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - William G Miller
- US Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California
| | - Emma Yee
- US Department of Agriculture, Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Collette Fitzgerald
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ken J Forbes
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Méric
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, United Kingdom MRC Cloud-Based Infrastructure for Microbial Bioinformatics (CLIMB) Centre, Swansea University, United Kingdom Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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20
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van der Graaf–van Bloois L, Miller WG, Yee E, Gorkiewicz G, Forbes KJ, Zomer AL, Wagenaar JA, Duim B. Campylobacter fetus Subspecies Contain Conserved Type IV Secretion Systems on Multiple Genomic Islands and Plasmids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152832. [PMID: 27049518 PMCID: PMC4822827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The features contributing to differences in pathogenicity of the Campylobacter fetus subspecies are unknown. Putative factors involved in pathogenesis are located in genomic islands that encode a type IV secretion system (T4SS) and fic domain (filamentation induced by cyclic AMP) proteins, which may disrupt host cell processes. In the genomes of 27 C. fetus strains, three phylogenetically-different T4SS-encoding regions (T4SSs) were identified: one was located in both the chromosome and in extra-chromosomal plasmids; one was located exclusively in the chromosome; and one exclusively in extra-chromosomal plasmids. We observed that C. fetus strains can contain multiple T4SSs and that homologous T4SSs can be present both in chromosomal genomic islands (GI) and on plasmids in the C. fetus strains. The GIs of the chromosomally located T4SS differed mainly by the presence of fic genes, insertion sequence elements and phage-related or hypothetical proteins. Comparative analysis showed that T4SS sequences, inserted in the same locations, were conserved in the studied C. fetus genomes. Using phylogenetic analysis of the T4SSs, it was shown that C. fetus may have acquired the T4SS regions from other Campylobacter species by horizontal gene transfer. The identified T4SSs and fic genes were found in Cff and Cfv strains, although the presence of T4SSs and fic genes were significantly associated with Cfv strains. The T4SSs and fic genes could not be associated with S-layer serotypes or geographical origin of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van der Graaf–van Bloois
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter / OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - William G. Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, United States of America
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, United States of America
| | | | - Ken J. Forbes
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Aldert L. Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter / OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter / OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter / OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Vaid H, Yee E, Howarth A, White J, Lydell C, Wilton S, Exner D. RELATIONSHIP OF ELECTRICAL MARKERS OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST RISK AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MYOCARDIAL SCAR. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Chew D, Exner D, Yetisir E, Yee E, Birnie D, Healey J, Sapp J, Bennett M, Wells G, Tang A. DELAYED AV CONDUCTION PREDICTS OUTCOME IN THE RESYNCHRONIZATION-DEFIBRILLATION FOR AMBULATORY HEART FAILURE TRIAL (RAFT). Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Sawhney MS, Dickstein J, LeClair J, Lembo C, Yee E. Adenomas with high-grade dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma are more likely to be sessile in the proximal colon. Colorectal Dis 2015; 17:682-8. [PMID: 25619115 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Size and the sessile morphology of an adenoma may explain why colonoscopy is less effective in preventing proximal colonic cancer than distal cancers. We wanted to determine if advanced polypoid neoplasms (APNs, i.e. adenoma with high-grade dysplasia or early adenocarcinoma) are more likely to be sessile and/or smaller in the proximal colon. METHOD We searched our institution's pathology database from 2004 to 2012 and identified patients with APNs. Polyps were categorized by size, morphology and location in the colon. Average polyp size and morphology were determined for each location. RESULTS During the study period, 564 patients with APNs were identified. Of these, adenocarcinoma was noted in 21.6% and high-grade dysplasia in 78.4%. The average patient age was 64.4 years and 54.9% were men. The proportion of APNs that were ≤ 5 mm was 1.7%, ≤ 10 mm 19.3% and ≤ 15 mm 39%. APNs in the proximal colon were larger than those in the distal colon, but the difference was not statistically significant (27 vs 24 mm; P = 0.06). Eighty-three per cent of APNs in the proximal colon were sessile vs 57% in the distal colon (P = 0.001). APNs in the proximal colon were almost four times more likely to be sessile than in the distal colon (OR = 3.7). A similar association was noted for polyps ≤ 20 mm or polyps with high-grade dysplasia. CONCLUSION APNs in the proximal colon were almost four-times more likely to be sessile than those in the distal colon. No difference in the size of polyps was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sawhney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Dickstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J LeClair
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C Lembo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Yee
- Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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van der Graaf-van Bloois L, Miller WG, Yee E, Rijnsburger M, Wagenaar JA, Duim B. Inconsistency of phenotypic and genomic characteristics of Campylobacter fetus subspecies requires reevaluation of current diagnostics. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:4183-8. [PMID: 25232170 PMCID: PMC4313284 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01837-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Classifications of the Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and venerealis were first described in 1959 and were based on the source of isolation (intestinal versus genital) and the ability of the strains to proliferate in the genital tract of cows. Two phenotypic assays (1% glycine tolerance and H2S production) were described to differentiate the subspecies. Multiple molecular assays have been applied to differentiate the C. fetus subspecies, but none of these tests is consistent with the phenotypic identification methods. In this study, we defined the core genome and accessory genes of C. fetus, which are based on the closed genomes of five C. fetus strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the core genomes of 23 C. fetus strains of the two subspecies showed a division into two clusters. The phylogenetic core genome clusters were not consistent with the phenotypic classifications of the C. fetus subspecies. However, they were consistent with the molecular characteristics of the strains, which were determined by multilocus sequence typing, sap typing, and the presence/absence of insertion sequences and a type I restriction modification system. The similarity of the genome characteristics of three of the phenotypically defined C. fetus subsp. fetus strains to C. fetus subsp. venerealis strains, when considering the core genome and accessory genes, requires a critical evaluation of the clinical relevance of C. fetus subspecies identification by phenotypic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van der Graaf-van Bloois
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter and OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Martine Rijnsburger
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter and OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands WHO Collaborating Centre for Campylobacter and OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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25
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Miller WG, Yee E, Chapman MH, Smith TPL, Bono JL, Huynh S, Parker CT, Vandamme P, Luong K, Korlach J. Comparative genomics of the Campylobacter lari group. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:3252-66. [PMID: 25381664 PMCID: PMC4986449 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Campylobacter lari group is a phylogenetic clade within the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and is part of the thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., a division within the genus that includes the human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. The C. lari group is currently composed of five species (C. lari, Campylobacter insulaenigrae, Campylobacter volucris, Campylobacter subantarcticus, and Campylobacter peloridis), as well as a group of strains termed the urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC) and other C. lari-like strains. Here we present the complete genome sequences of 11 C. lari group strains, including the five C. lari group species, four UPTC strains, and a lari-like strain isolated in this study. The genome of C. lari subsp. lari strain RM2100 was described previously. Analysis of the C. lari group genomes indicates that this group is highly related at the genome level. Furthermore, these genomes are strongly syntenic with minor rearrangements occurring only in 4 of the 12 genomes studied. The C. lari group can be bifurcated, based on the flagella and flagellar modification genes. Genomic analysis of the UPTC strains indicated that these organisms are variable but highly similar, closely related to but distinct from C. lari. Additionally, the C. lari group contains multiple genes encoding hemagglutination domain proteins, which are either contingency genes or linked to conserved contingency genes. Many of the features identified in strain RM2100, such as major deficiencies in amino acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism, are conserved across all 12 genomes, suggesting that these common features may play a role in the association of the C. lari group with coastal environments and watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - Emma Yee
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - Mary H Chapman
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - Timothy P L Smith
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska
| | - James L Bono
- Meat Safety and Quality Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - Craig T Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Khai Luong
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California
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Miller W, Yee E, Jolley K, Chapman M. Use of an improved atpA
amplification and sequencing method to identify members of the Campylobacteraceae and Helicobacteraceae. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 58:582-90. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W.G. Miller
- USDA; ARS; WRRC; Produce Safety and Microbiology; Albany CA USA
| | - E. Yee
- USDA; ARS; WRRC; Produce Safety and Microbiology; Albany CA USA
| | - K.A. Jolley
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - M.H. Chapman
- USDA; ARS; WRRC; Produce Safety and Microbiology; Albany CA USA
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Murray M, Kanuga J, Yee E, Bahna S. Milk-induced wheezing in children with asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41:310-4. [PMID: 23141754 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy has been gaining increasing attention, mostly as causing gastrointestinal and cutaneous reactions. Its role in asthma seems to be under-recognised. OBJECTIVES This study's aim is to explore the frequency of involvement of a common food, namely cow's milk, in childhood asthma. METHODS 32 children (5 months to 11 years; median 24 months; mean 34 months) with asthma and a suspected history of cow's milk allergy were studied. They underwent skin prick testing (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) testing to whole cow's milk (WCM), casein, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin, followed by single-blind oral milk challenge. RESULTS Reactions to milk challenge occurred in 12 (37.5%) including wheezing in 5 (41.7%, or 15.6% of the whole group). Children who developed wheezing at the time of challenge were younger than those who had negative challenge (23.0 months vs. 34.8 months). Challenge was positive in 33.3% of subjects who had a positive SPT, and SPT was positive in 50% of challenge-positive subjects. Regarding sIgE, challenge was positive in 26.7% of sIgE-positive subjects, and sIgE was positive in 33.3% of challenge positive subjects. Skin or serum testing with individual protein fractions did not seem to add significant advantage over testing with WCM alone. CONCLUSION This study shows that cow's milk can cause wheezing in children with asthma. Although SPT seemed to be more reliable than sIgE testing, both had suboptimal reliability. It is worth considering possible milk allergy in children with asthma, particularly when poorly controlled in spite of proper routine management.
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Miller WG, Chapman MH, Yee E, On SLW, McNulty DK, Lastovica AJ, Carroll AM, McNamara EB, Duffy G, Mandrell RE. Multilocus sequence typing methods for the emerging Campylobacter Species C. hyointestinalis, C. lanienae, C. sputorum, C. concisus, and C. curvus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:45. [PMID: 22919636 PMCID: PMC3417633 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) systems have been reported previously for multiple food- and food animal-associated Campylobacter species (e.g., C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. fetus) to both differentiate strains and identify clonal lineages. These MLST methods focused primarily on campylobacters of human clinical (e.g., C. jejuni) or veterinary (e.g., C. fetus) relevance. However, other, emerging, Campylobacter species have been isolated increasingly from environmental, food animal, or human clinical samples. We describe herein four MLST methods for five emerging Campylobacter species: C. hyointestinalis, C. lanienae, C. sputorum, C. concisus, and C. curvus. The concisus/curvus method uses the loci aspA, atpA, glnA, gltA, glyA, ilvD, and pgm, whereas the other methods use the seven loci defined for C. jejuni (i.e., aspA, atpA, glnA, gltA, glyA, pgm, and tkt). Multiple food animal and human clinical C. hyointestinalis (n = 48), C. lanienae (n = 34), and C. sputorum (n = 24) isolates were typed, along with 86 human clinical C. concisus and C. curvus isolates. A large number of sequence types were identified using all four MLST methods. Additionally, these methods speciated unequivocally isolates that had been typed ambiguously using other molecular-based speciation methods, such as 16S rDNA sequencing. Finally, the design of degenerate primer pairs for some methods permitted the typing of related species; for example, the C. hyointestinalis primer pairs could be used to type C. fetus strains. Therefore, these novel Campylobacter MLST methods will prove useful in differentiating strains of multiple, emerging Campylobacter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Miller
- USDA, ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety and Microbiology Albany, CA, USA.
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Fagerquist CK, Garbus BR, Miller WG, Williams KE, Yee E, Bates AH, Boyle S, Harden LA, Cooley MB, Mandrell RE. Rapid identification of protein biomarkers of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and top-down proteomics. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2717-25. [PMID: 20232878 DOI: 10.1021/ac902455d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Six protein biomarkers from two strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and one non-O157:H7, nonpathogenic strain of E. coli have been identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS) and top-down proteomics. Proteins were extracted from bacterial cell lysates, ionized by MALDI, and analyzed by MS/MS. Protein biomarker ions were identified from their sequence-specific fragment ions by comparison to a database of in silico fragment ions derived from bacterial protein sequences. Web-based software, developed in-house, was used to rapidly compare the mass-to-charge (m/z) of MS/MS fragment ions to the m/z of in silico fragment ions derived from hundreds of bacterial protein sequences. A peak matching algorithm and a p-value algorithm were used to independently score and rank identifications on the basis of the number of MS/MS-in silico matches. The six proteins identified were the acid stress chaperone-like proteins, HdeA and HdeB; the cold shock protein, CspC; the YbgS (or homeobox protein); the putative stress-response protein YjbJ (or CsbD family protein); and a protein of unknown function, YahO. HdeA, HdeB, YbgS, and YahO proteins were found to be modified post-translationally with removal of an N-terminal signal peptide. Gene sequencing of hdeA, hdeB, cspC, ybgS, yahO, and yjbJ for 11 strains of E. coli O157:H7 and 7 strains of the "near-neighbor" serotype O55:H7 revealed a high degree sequence homology between these two serotypes. Although it was not possible to distinguish O157:H7 from O55:H7 from these six biomarkers, it was possible to distinguish E. coli O157:H7 from a nonpathogenic E. coli by top-down proteomics of the YahO and YbgS. In the case of the YahO protein, a single amino acid residue substitution in its sequence (resulting in a molecular weight difference of only 1 Da) was sufficient to distinguish E. coli O157:H7 from a non-O157:H7, nonpathogenic E. coli by MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS, whereas this would be difficult to distinguish by MALDI-TOF-MS. Finally, a protein biomarker ion at m/z approximately 9060 observed in the MS spectra of non-O157:H7 E. coli strains but absent from MS spectra of E. coli O157:H7 strains was identified by top-down analysis to be the HdeB acid stress chaperone-like protein consistent with previous identifications by gene sequencing and bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton K Fagerquist
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA.
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Miller WG, Wesley IV, On SLW, Houf K, Mégraud F, Wang G, Yee E, Srijan A, Mason CJ. First multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Arcobacter spp. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:196. [PMID: 19751525 PMCID: PMC2755481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arcobacter spp. are a common contaminant of food and water, and some species, primarily A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, have been isolated increasingly from human diarrheal stool samples. Here, we describe the first Arcobacter multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method for A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii, A. cibarius and A. thereius. Results A sample set of 374 arcobacters, including 275 A. butzleri, 72 A. cryaerophilus, 15 A. skirrowii and 8 A. cibarius isolates from a wide variety of geographic locations and sources, was typed in this study. Additionally, this sample set contained four strains representing a new Arcobacter species, A. thereius. The seven loci used in the four-species Arcobacter MLST method are the same as those employed previously in C. jejuni, C. coli, C. helveticus and C. fetus (i.e. aspA, atpA(uncA), glnA, gltA, glyA, pgm and tkt). A large number of alleles were identified at each locus with the majority of isolates containing a unique sequence type. All Arcobacter isolates typed in this study contain two glyA genes, one linked to lysS (glyA1) and the other linked to ada (glyA2). glyA1 was incorporated into the Arcobacter MLST method while glyA2 was not because it did not increase substantially the level of discrimination. Conclusion No association of MLST alleles or sequence types with host or geographical source was observed with this sample set. Nevertheless, the large number of identified alleles and sequence types indicate that this MLST method will prove useful in both Arcobacter strain discrimination and in epidemiological studies of sporadic Arcobacter-related gastroenteritis. A new Arcobacter MLST database was created http://pubmlst.org/arcobacter/; allele and ST data generated in this study were deposited in this database and are available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
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Fagerquist CK, Yee E, Miller WG. Composite sequence proteomic analysis of protein biomarkers of Campylobacter coli, C. lari and C. concisus for bacterial identification. Analyst 2007; 132:1010-23. [PMID: 17893805 DOI: 10.1039/b702859h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers observed in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MALDI-TOF-MS) of cell lysates of three strains of Campylobacter coli, two strains of C. lari and one strain of C. concisus have been identified by 'bottom-up' proteomic techniques. The significant findings are as follows. First, the protein biomarkers identified were: PhnA-related protein, 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (DmpI)-related protein, NifU-like protein, cytochrome c, DNA-binding protein HU, 10 kDa chaperonin, thioredoxin, as well as several conserved hypothetical and ribosomal proteins. Second, variations in the biomarker ion m/z in MALDI-TOF-MS spectra across species and strains are the result of variations in the amino acid sequence of the protein due to non-synonymous mutations of the biomarker gene. Third, the most common post-translational modifications (PTMs) were the removal of the N-terminal methionine and N-terminal signal peptides. However, in the case of the NifU protein (an iron-sulfur cluster transport protein), post-translational cleavage occurred from the C-terminus. Fourth, only the genomes of the C. coli strain RM2228 and C. lari strain RM2100 have been sequenced; thus, proteomic identification of the proteins of the other strains in this study relied upon sequence homology to the genomic sequence of these strains as well as the genomes of sequences of other Campylobacter strains. In some cases, the determination of the full amino acid sequence of a protein biomarker from a genomically non-sequenced strain was accomplished by combining non-overlapping partial sequences from proteomic identifications of genomically-sequenced strains that were of the same species (or of a different species) to that of the non-sequenced strain. The accuracy of this composite sequence was confirmed by both MS and MS/MS. It was necessary, in some cases, to perform de novo sequencing on 'gaps' in the composite sequence that were not homologous to any genomically-sequenced strain. In order to validate the composite sequence approach, composite sequences were further confirmed by subsequent DNA sequencing of the biomarker gene. Thus, using the composite sequence approach, it was possible to determine the full amino acid sequence of an unknown protein from a genomically non-sequenced bacterial strain without the necessity of either sequencing the biomarker gene or performing full de novo MS/MS sequencing. The sequence obtained could then be used as a strain-specific biomarker for analysis by 'top-down' proteomics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton K Fagerquist
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710, USA.
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Chiou BS, Wood D, Yee E, Imam SH, Glenn GM, Orts WJ. Extruded starch–nanoclay nanocomposites: Effects of glycerol and nanoclay concentration. POLYM ENG SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Chiou BS, Avena-Bustillos RJ, Shey J, Yee E, Bechtel PJ, Imam SH, Glenn GM, Orts WJ. Rheological and mechanical properties of cross-linked fish gelatins. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Sen Chiou
- Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
- Corresponding author: Phone: 510-559-5628. Fax: 510-559-5675. E-mail:
| | - Emma Yee
- Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
| | - Delilah Wood
- Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
| | - Justin Shey
- Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
| | - Greg Glenn
- Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
| | - William Orts
- Bioproduct Chemistry and Engineering, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
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Bide RW, Armour SJ, Yee E. GB toxicity reassessed using newer techniques for estimation of human toxicity from animal inhalation toxicity data: New method for estimating acute human toxicity (GB). J Appl Toxicol 2005; 25:393-409. [PMID: 16092087 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Estimated human inhalation toxicity values for Sarin (GB) were calculated using a new two independent (concentration, exposure time), one dependent (toxic response), non-linear dose response (toxicity) model combined with re-evaluated allometric equations relating to animal and human respiration. Historical animal studies of GB toxicity containing both exposure and fractional animal response data were used to test the new process. The final data set contained 6621 animals, 762 groups, 37 studies and 7 species. The toxicity of GB for each species was empirically related to exposure concentration (C; mg m(-3)) and exposure time (T; min) through the surface function Y = b0 + b1 Log10C + b2 Log10T or Y = b0 + b2 Log10C(n)T where Y is the Normit, b0, b1 and b2 are constants and n is the 'toxic load exponent' (Normit is PROBIT - 5). Between exposure times of 0.17 and 30 min, the average value for n in seven species was 1.35 +/- 0.15. The near parallel toxic load equations for each species and the linear relationship between minute volume/body weight ratio and the inhalation toxicity (LCt50) for GB were used to create a pseudo-human data set and then an exposure time/toxicity surface for the human. The calculated n for the human was 1.40. The pseudo-human data had much more variability at low exposure times. Raising the lower exposure limit to 1 min, did not change the LCt50 but did result in lower variability. Raising the lower value to 2 min was counterproductive. Based on the toxic load model for 1-30 min exposures, the human GB toxicities (LCt01, LCt05, LCt50 and LCt95) for 70 kg humans breathing 15 l min(-1) were estimated to be 11, 16, 36 and 83; 18, 25, 57 and 132 and 24, 34, 79 and 182 mg x min m(-3) for 2, 10 and 30 min exposures, respectively. These values are recommended for general use for the total human population. The empirical relationships employed in the calculations may not be valid for exposure times >30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Bide
- Defence R&D Canada Suffield, Box 4000, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada T1A 8K6.
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Abstract
The relationship between body weight (BW) and respiratory minute volume (V(m)) was reviewed by collecting a database from the literature. The data were separated into anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized groups. Only young adult terrestrial mammals were included in the final data set. This database is the largest to be reported to date, is the first to separate the anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized groups and is matched to the target population of young, fit adult humans. The data set of non-anaesthetized animals contained 142 studies representing 2616 animals and 18 species from mice at 12 g body weight to horses and a giraffe at ca. 500 kg body weight. Analysis of the data indicated a power law (allometric) relationship between the minute volume and body weight. The resulting allometric equations for the empirical relationship between minute volume and body weight are: log(10)V()(m)= -0.302 + 0.809 log(10)BW and V(m) = 0.499 BW(0.809)where V(m) is the minute volume (l min(-1)) and BW is the body weight (kg). From these equations, a minute volume of 15.5 lmin(-1)was obtained for a 70 kg human in the same physiological and/or emotional state as the animals. The results of the analyses were compared to other empirical studies in the literature, the more recent of which also indicated a scaling factor of 0.8. The relationship between minute volume and body weight is recommended for use in estimating the inhalation toxicity to young adult humans (military personnel), because this is the first study to use a large database focused exclusively upon non-anaesthetized young adult terrestrial mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Bide
- Defence Research Establishment Suffield, Box 4000, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada, T1A 8K6.
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Zen K, Karsan A, Stempien-Otero A, Yee E, Tupper J, Li X, Eunson T, Kay MA, Wilson CB, Winn RK, Harlan JM. NF-kappaB activation is required for human endothelial survival during exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not to interleukin-1beta or lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:28808-15. [PMID: 10497254 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.40.28808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to undergo apoptosis, suggesting that constitutive or inducible cytoprotective pathways are required for cell survival. We studied the correlation between nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and cell death induced by TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or LPS. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of a dominant-negative IkappaBalpha (inhibitor of kappaB) mutant blocked NF-kappaB activation by gel shift assay and blocked induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 protein by TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and LPS, a NF-kappaB-dependent response. In cells overexpressing the IkappaBalpha mutant, TNF-alpha induced cell death, whereas IL-1beta or LPS did not. We conclude that cell survival following TNF-alpha stimulation is NF-kappaB-dependent but that a constitutive or inducible NF-kappaB-independent pathway(s) protects IL-1beta- or LPS-treated HUVECs from cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Yee E. An impact-effect mathematical model incorporating the influence of exposures to fluctuating concentrations in a dispersing plume of pollutant in the atmosphere. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1999; 9:300-11. [PMID: 10489155 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The statistical properties of the impact or toxic load (pollutant concentration raised to an exponent and multiplied by exposure duration), obtained from fluctuating concentrations in a plume dispersing in the atmosphere, are investigated both analytically and experimentally. A general expression for the kth order moment of the impact is derived in terms of the k-time point joint moment of the nth power of the fluctuating plume concentration field. Special cases of this general relationship are treated explicitly: (i) a simple model for the ensemble-mean impact (or equivalently, the ensemble-mean impact ratio) is derived on the basic hypothesis that the higher moments of concentration can be adequately modelled using an exponential probability density function (PDF), and this hypothesis is shown to give results that agree remarkably well with an extensive new set of concentration fluctuation measurements; and (ii) a model for the integral time scale of the process obtained by raising the concentration to the nth power is formulated using Gifford's meandering plume model, and the latter is subsequently used to derive a simple expression for estimating the impact variance for all exposure times, given the mean and mean-square concentrations and the plume concentration integral time scale only. The results of this model for impact variance are favorably compared with some data from full-scale field experiments. The impact PDF is found to be reasonably well-characterized by a clipped-normal PDF for exposure times, t(e), of practical interest (e.g., t(e) approximately >5 s). The implications of these results, for determining the fraction of an exposed population that will experience a specified level of effect from a random impact arising from exposure to a fluctuating plume of pollutant, are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yee
- Defence Research Establishment Suffield, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada.
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Abstract
Three ELISA methods for the quantitation of haptoglobin (Hp) in plasma and albumin are described: a polystyrene direct adsorption method and capture methods with antibody and hemoglobin. Hp aggregates generated by 60 degrees C heating showed as much as a hundred-fold higher response by polystyrene adsorption compared to the two capture methods, while unheated Hp showed comparable responses by the three methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yee
- Pharmaceutical Division, Bayer, Berkeley, CA 94701, USA
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Hu X, Yee E, Harlan JM, Wong F, Karsan A. Lipopolysaccharide induces the antiapoptotic molecules, A1 and A20, in microvascular endothelial cells. Blood 1998; 92:2759-65. [PMID: 9763560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on endothelial cells is a key component of the inflammatory response seen in Gram-negative sepsis. LPS does not cause death of cultured human endothelial cells. However, when the expression of new proteins is inhibited by cycloheximide, microvascular endothelial cells in culture undergo apoptosis. This finding suggests that LPS induces apoptotic and antiapoptotic pathways, with the antiapoptotic response being dependent on the synthesis of new proteins. Concurrent activation of apoptotic and antiapoptotic pathways has previously been documented for tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In the case of TNF, the antiapoptotic signal has been attributed to at least two cytoprotective proteins: the Bcl-2 homologue, A1, and the zinc-finger protein, A20. In this study, we demonstrate that both these molecules are induced in microvascular endothelial cells by LPS. Enforced overexpression of either A1 or A20 inhibits LPS and cycloheximide-initiated apoptosis. Induction of A1 and A20 does not require synthesis of intermediary proteins, but is dependent on the presence of soluble CD14. In addition, we show that inhibition of signaling by the transcription factor, NF-kappaB, blocks accumulation of A1 and A20 mRNA. Taken together, our findings suggest that LPS directly induces expression of the cytoprotective proteins, A1 and A20, via a CD14-dependent pathway requiring activation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Ceneviva GD, Tzeng E, Hoyt DG, Yee E, Gallagher A, Engelhardt JF, Kim YM, Billiar TR, Watkins SA, Pitt BR. Nitric oxide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 1998; 275:L717-28. [PMID: 9755104 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1998.275.4.l717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our group recently reported that cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells (SPAECs) became resistant to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis several days after constitutive synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) after adenoviral (Ad) transfer of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) or exposure to the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) (E. Tzeng, Y.-M. Kim, B. R. Pitt, A. Lizonova, I. Kovesdi, and T. R. Billiar. Surgery 122: 255-263, 1997). In the present study, we confirmed this observation by establishing stable transfectants after retroviral gene transfer [replication-deficient retrovirus (DFG)] of human iNOS (DFG-iNOS) SPAECs and then used all three approaches (Ad, DFG, and SNAP) to determine underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon. Continuous endogenous production of NO in itself did not cause apoptosis as assessed by phase-contrast microscopy, nuclear morphology, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Prolonged (72-96 h) synthesis of NO, however, after DFG- or replication-deficient adenovirus (Ad. CMV)-iNOS or SNAP (100 microM, 96 h) inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis. The kinetics of such protection suggested that NO may be inducing other gene products. Ad-mediated transfer of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) decreased the sensitivity of wild-type SPAECs to LPS-induced apoptosis. MnSOD, however, was not induced in an NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA)-sensitive time-dependent fashion after Ad.CMV-iNOS. Other inducible genes that may be affected by NO and that may protect against potential oxidant-mediated LPS-induced apoptosis including 70-kDa heat shock protein, heme oxygenase-1, metallothionein, and Bcl-2 also were not elevated in an L-NMMA-sensitive, time-dependent fashion. Although the candidate gene product underlying NO-induced protection remains unclear, we did note that prolonged synthesis of NO inhibited LPS-induced activation of an interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-like cysteine protease (cysteine protease protein-32-like) in a dithiothreitol-sensitive fashion, suggesting that S-nitrosylation of an important downstream target of convergence of apoptotic signals may contribute to the sensitivity of SPAECs to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Ceneviva
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Zen K, Karsan A, Eunson T, Yee E, Harlan JM. Lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation in human endothelial cells involves degradation of IkappaBalpha but not IkappaBbeta. Exp Cell Res 1998; 243:425-33. [PMID: 9743602 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the signal transduction pathways involved in NF-kappaB activation and the induction of the cytoprotective A20 gene by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). LPS induced human A20 mRNA expression with a maximum level 2 h after stimulation. The proteasome inhibitor N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal-H (ALLN) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A (HMA) blocked A20 mRNA expression and partially inhibited NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity induced by LPS treatment. LPS induced IkappaBalpha degradation at 30-60 min after treatment, but did not induce IkappaBbeta degradation up to 120 min. In contrast, TNF-alpha rapidly induced IkappaBalpha degradation within 5 min and IkappaBbeta degradation within 15 min. Cycloheximide did not prevent LPS-induced IkappaBalpha degradation, indicating that newly synthesized proteins induced by LPS were not involved in LPS-stimulated IkappaBalpha degradation. LPS-induced IkappaBalpha degradation was inhibited by ALLN, confirming that ALLN inhibits NF-kappaB activation by preventing IkappaBalpha degradation. Of note, HMA also inhibited LPS-induced IkappaBalpha degradation. However, tyrosine phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha itself was not elicited by LPS stimulation, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein(s) upstream of IkappaBalpha is required for subsequent degradation. We conclude that in HUVEC, LPS induces NF-kappaB-dependent genes through degradation of IkappaBalpha, not IkappaBbeta, and propose that this degradation is induced in part by HMA-sensitive kinase(s) upstream of IkappaBalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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45
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Abstract
During the process of terminal differentiation toward mature neutrophils, the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-x become down-regulated and eventually cease to be expressed, whereas the death-promoting Bcl-2 homologue, Bax, persists. Thus, the disappearance of anti-apoptotic homologues was thought to account for the early demise of mature neutrophils. However, although the survival of mature human neutrophils can be prolonged by a variety of factors, no anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologues have previously been identified. Human A1 is a Bcl-2 homologue previously shown to be present in endothelial cells and to convey anti-apoptotic function in vitro. We describe here that human A1 mRNA is constitutively expressed in mature neutrophils and is up-regulated by G-CSF and LPS, agonists that promote neutrophil survival. In addition, we show progressive A1 mRNA accumulation in HL-60 cells during all-trans retinoic acid-driven neutrophilic differentiation. Our findings suggest that A1 may have an important role in neutrophilic development and in modulating mature neutrophil survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Chuang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Karsan A, Yee E, Poirier GG, Zhou P, Craig R, Harlan JM. Fibroblast growth factor-2 inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis by Bcl-2-dependent and independent mechanisms. Am J Pathol 1997; 151:1775-84. [PMID: 9403728 PMCID: PMC1858363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intact endothelium acts as a sensor and transducer of signals and also provides a nonthrombogenic surface at the blood-vascular wall interface. Hence, mechanisms that maintain the integrity of the endothelium are of interest in physiological and pathological states. In this study we show that apoptosis induced by growth factor and serum deprivation of endothelial cells occurs at all phases of the cell cycle and can be blocked by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) independently of its mitogenic activity. As the Bcl-2 family of proteins plays a prominent role in regulating cell survival, we attempted to identify Bcl-2 homologues expressed in endothelial cells. Here we demonstrate that, in addition to the previously identified A1, four other members of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-X(L), and Bax, are expressed in endothelial cells. Of these family members, only Bcl-2 is induced by FGF-2. Overexpression of Bcl-2, using a retroviral vector, protects endothelial cells from serum and growth factor deprivation. There is no difference in FGF-2-induced proliferation between Bcl-2-overexpressing cells and those transduced with the empty retroviral vector. At early time points Bcl-2 is not up-regulated, but FGF-2 still has a protective effect. However, FGF-2 protects only adherent endothelial cells but not those that are cultured in suspension. The early effect of FGF-2 is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation but not on activation of the MAP kinase pathway. Thus, FGF-2 inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis by Bcl-2-dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karsan
- McDonald Research Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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47
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Mann EA, Jump ML, Wu J, Yee E, Giannella RA. Mice lacking the guanylyl cyclase C receptor are resistant to STa-induced intestinal secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 239:463-6. [PMID: 9344852 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) is an important causative agent of diarrheal disease throughout the world. STa is known to bind specifically to receptors in the intestine, provoking intense intestinal secretion. Binding of STa, or of the mammalian endogenous ligands guanylin and uroguanylin, activates the guanylyl cyclase C receptor (GC-C); the resulting elevation of cGMP levels stimulates chloride secretion via CFTR. We have generated knockout mice which completely lack the GC-C receptor. These mice are viable and show no obvious alteration in intestinal fluidity. However, GC-C null mice are refractory to the secretory action of STa, proving that the GC-C receptor is necessary for the diarrheal response induced by STa.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology
- Biological Assay
- Blotting, Northern
- Cells, Cultured
- Drug Resistance
- Enterotoxins/pharmacology
- Escherichia coli Proteins
- Guanylate Cyclase/deficiency
- Guanylate Cyclase/genetics
- Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Enterotoxin
- Receptors, Guanylate Cyclase-Coupled
- Receptors, Peptide/deficiency
- Receptors, Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Peptide/metabolism
- Stem Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Mann
- VA Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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48
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Pitt BR, Schwarz M, Woo ES, Yee E, Wasserloos K, Tran S, Weng W, Mannix RJ, Watkins SA, Tyurina YY, Tyurin VA, Kagan VE, Lazo JS. Overexpression of metallothionein decreases sensitivity of pulmonary endothelial cells to oxidant injury. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:L856-65. [PMID: 9357862 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1997.273.4.l856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) is a low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich protein with extensive metal binding capacity and potential nonenzymatic antioxidant activity. Despite the sensitivity of vascular endothelium to either heavy metal toxicity or oxidative stress, little is known regarding the role of MT in endothelial cells. Accordingly, we determined the sensitivity of cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells (SPAEC) that overexpressed MT to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), hyperoxia, or 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN; peroxyl radical generator). Nontoxic doses of 10 microM Cd increased MT levels from 0.21 +/- 0.03 to 2.07 +/- 0.24 microg/mg and resulted in resistance to t-BOOH and hyperoxia as determined by reduction of Alamar blue or [3H]serotonin transport, respectively. SPAEC stably transfected with plasmids containing either mouse or human cDNA for MT were resistant to both t-BOOH and hyperoxia. In addition, we examined transition metal-independent, noncytotoxic AMVN-induced lipid peroxidation after metabolic incorporation of the oxidant-sensitive fluorescent fatty acid cis-parinaric acid into phospholipids and high-performance liquid chromatography separation. SPAEC that overexpressed MT after gene transfer completely inhibited peroxyl oxidation of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin (but not phosphatidylethanolamine) noted in wild-type SPAEC. These data show for the first time that MT can 1) protect pulmonary artery endothelium against a diverse array of prooxidant stimuli and 2) directly intercept peroxyl radicals in a metal-independent fashion, thereby preventing lipid peroxidation in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Pitt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Abstract
Endothelial cells play a central role in the inflammatory process. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine which elicits many of the inflammatory responses of endothelial cells. While TNF directly causes apoptosis of tumor cells and virally infected cells, normal cells are generally resistant. However, most resistant cells, including human endothelial cells, can be rendered susceptible to TNF by inhibiting RNA or protein synthesis. This finding suggests that TNF provides a cell survival signal in addition to a death signal. We have previously cloned a human Bcl-2 homologue, A1, and shown that it is specifically induced by proinflammatory cytokines but not by endothelial growth factors. In this study, we show that retroviral-mediated transfer of the A1 cDNA to a human microvascular endothelial cell line provides protection against cell death initiated by TNF in the presence of actinomycin D. The induction of A1 by TNF in this system is mediated via a protein kinase C pathway. Since TNF signaling has also been shown to proceed via ceramides, we tested whether exogenous ceramides could induce A1. Our findings indicate that ceramides do not induce A1 but do up-regulate c-jun and induce endothelial death. Ceramide-activated endothelial death is also inhibited by A1, suggesting that TNF may initiate divergent survival and death pathways via separate lipid second messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karsan
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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50
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O'Flaherty JT, Kuroki M, Nixon AB, Wijkander J, Yee E, Lee SL, Smitherman PK, Wykle RL, Daniel LW. 5-Oxo-eicosanoids and hematopoietic cytokines cooperate in stimulating neutrophil function and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:17821-8. [PMID: 8663432 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.30.17821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly defined eicosatetraenoates (ETEs), 5-oxoETE and 5-oxo-15(OH)-ETE, share structural motifs, synthetic origins, and bioactions with leukotriene B4 (LTB4). All three eicosanoids stimulate Ca2+ transients and chemotaxis in human neutrophils (PMN). However, unlike LTB4, 5-oxoETE and 5-oxo-15(OH)-ETE alone cause little degranulation and no superoxide anion production. However, we show herein that, in PMN pretreated with granulocyte-macrophage or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF or G-CSF), the oxoETEs become potent activators of the last responses. The oxoETEs also induce translocation of secretory vesicles from the cytosol to the plasmalemma, an effect not requiring cytokine priming. To study the mechanism of PMN activation in response to the eicosanoids, we examined the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). PMN expressed three proteins (40, 42, and 44 kDa) that reacted with anti-MAPK antibodies. The oxoETEs, LTB4, GM-CSF, and G-CSF all stimulated PMN to activate the MAPKs and cPLA2, as defined by shifts in these proteins' electrophoretic mobility and tyrosine phosphorylation of the MAPKs. However, the speed and duration of the MAPK response varied markedly depending on the stimulus. 5-OxoETE caused a very rapid and transient activation of MAPK. In contrast, the response to the cytokines was rather slow and persistent. PMN pretreated with GM-CSF demonstrated a dramatic increase in the extent of MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation and electrophoretic mobility shift in response to 5-oxoETE. Similarly, 5-oxoETE induced PMN to release some preincorporated [14C]arachidonic acid, while GM-CSF greatly enhanced the extent of this release. Thus, the synergism exhibited by these agents is prominent at the level of MAPK stimulation and phospholipid deacylation. Pertussis toxin, but not Ca2+ depletion, inhibited MAPK responses to 5-oxoETE and LTB4, indicating that responses to both agents are coupled through G proteins but not dependent upon Ca2+ transients. 15-OxoETE and 15(OH)-ETE were inactive while 5-oxo-15(OH)-ETE and 5(OH)-ETE had 3- and 10-fold less potency than 5-oxoETE, indicating a rather strict structural specificity for the 5-keto group. LY 255283, a LTB4 antagonist, blocked the responses to LTB4 but not to 5-oxoETE. Therefore, the oxoETEs do not appear to operate through the LTB4 receptor. In summary, the oxoETEs are potent activators of PMN that share some but not all activities with LTB4. The response to the oxoETEs is greatly enhanced by pretreatment with cytokines, indicating that combinations of these mediators may be very important in the pathogenesis of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T O'Flaherty
- Department of Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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