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Huaraca LF, Chamorro SA, Hernández V, Bay-Schmith E, Villamar CA. Comparative acute toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) to Daphnia magna, Tisbe longicornis, and Emerita analoga. J Environ Sci Health B 2020; 55:646-654. [PMID: 32432942 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1758497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to know the differential composition of the dissolved fraction of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH), commercialized as GLIFOPAC, when reaches different aquatic environments and its ecotoxicological effects on crustaceans species living in them. Daphnia magna, Tisbe longicornis, and Emerita analoga were exposed to glyphosate herbicide called GLIFOPAC (480 g L-1 of active ingredient or a.i.) at concentrations between 0.5 and 4.8 g a.i. L-1. Acute toxicity in D. magna (48 h-LC50), E. analoga (48 h-LC50), and T. longicornis (96 h-LC50) was studied. Chromatographic analysis of the GBH composition used and water (freshwater/sea water) polluted with GLIFOPAC were evaluated. Results reported acute toxicity (48-96 h-LC50) values for D. magna, E. analoga and T. longicornis of 27.4 mg L-1, 806.4 mg L-1, and 19.4 mg L-1, respectively. Chromatographic evaluation described around 45 substances of the GLIFOPAC composition, such as from the surfactant structures (aliphatic chain with esther/ether group), metabolites (AMPA), and other substances (glucofuranose, glucopyranoside, galactopyranose). This study evidenced differences in the GLIFOPAC composition in freshwater and marine water, which may differentiate the toxic response at the crustacean-level in each aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Huaraca
- Centro de Investigación y Control Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Soledad A Chamorro
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile
| | - Víctor Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrique Bay-Schmith
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristina A Villamar
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Llanos-Rivera A, Castro LR, Vásquez P, Silva J, Bay-Schmith E. The impact of kraft pulping effluent on egg survival and hatching success in two species of Clupeiformes (Teleostei). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:25269-25279. [PMID: 29946836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) and sardine (Strangomera bentincki) are coastal pelagic species with important spawning areas off the coast of Chile. The discharge of secondary-treated effluents from a kraft pulp plant near one of these spawning areas has raised environmental concerns. Therefore, effluent effects on the development of anchoveta and sardine eggs were assessed by in vitro exposure. Eggs were sampled between 2007 and 2010 off Talcahuano, Chile. Subsequent toxicity tests (96 h duration, 12 °C) were performed using increasing effluent concentrations, a filtered seawater control, and two potassium dichromate concentrations (to verify consistent embryonic sensitivity). Egg mortality and hatching success were evaluated. For anchoveta, mortality (9.9 ± 7.1%) did not significantly differ among groups in five toxicity tests except the final toxicity test that showed significant differences in mortality (5.6% control vs 27.8% in 100% effluent). For sardines, no differences in mortality existed between the effluent dilutions (2.6 ± 3.6%) and control (6.3 ± 3.9%). Notably, anchoveta egg survival and hatching success rates were inconsistent, i.e., the highest rates of hatching failure occurred on the same sampling date with the highest rates of survival for the 100% effluent group (72%). In conclusion, the obtained results indicate that (i) anchoveta egg mortality and hatching failure increase only under 100% effluent exposure, coinciding with decreased egg quality near the end of spawning season and (ii) high effluent dilutions not significantly increase sardine and anchoveta egg mortalities. Nevertheless, the recorded adverse effects to the hatching process should be studied in greater detail, particularly considering interspecific variability and the complexity of reproductive processes, especially during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Llanos-Rivera
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile.
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Leonardo R Castro
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
- Centro COPAS Sur Austral, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paulina Vásquez
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jeannette Silva
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioensayos, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Enrique Bay-Schmith
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Bioensayos, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
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Tucca F, Díaz-Jaramillo M, Cruz G, Silva J, Bay-Schmith E, Chiang G, Barra R. Toxic effects of antiparasitic pesticides used by the salmon industry in the marine amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 67:139-48. [PMID: 24609616 PMCID: PMC4079944 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-014-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of antiparasitic pesticides (APs) has been widely required by the salmon industry to treat diseases. The direct emission of chemicals in the seawater has produced uncertainty about the potential effects on nontarget organisms, such as crustaceans. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of three APs used by the salmon farm industry, such as emamectin benzoate (EB), cypermethrin (CP), and deltamethrin (DE), in the amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum during 10 days through whole-sediment bioassay tests. Lethal concentration by 50 % (LC50-10d) and biochemical responses, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), were measured as exposure and effects end points, respectively. Acute assays for DE (7.8 μg kg(-1), confidence interval, CI95% 5-11) and CP (57 μg kg(-1), CI95% 41-77) showed more mortality than EB (890 μg kg(-1), CI95% 672-1,171). In this study, it was possible to observe sublethal responses in amphipods after 2 days of exposure to APs. Significant induction in GST and TBARS (p < 0.05) were measured for CP and EB. Lower DE concentrations showed no significant biochemical responses. M. insidiosum was sensitive to AP concentrations at μg kg(-1) in sediments. This information would allow considering the possible consequences of detected concentrations for APs in areas with intensive salmon farming activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Tucca
- Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile,
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Villamar CA, Silva J, Bay-Schmith E, Vidal G. Toxicity identification evaluation of anaerobically treated swine slurry: a comparison between Daphnia magna and Raphanus sativus. J Environ Sci Health B 2014; 49:880-888. [PMID: 25190563 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.938560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion does not efficiently reduce ionic compounds present in swine slurry, which could present a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems (surface runoff) and terrestrial ambient (irrigation). The objective of this study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological characteristics of anaerobically treated swine slurry using acute and chronic (epicotyl elongation) toxicity tests with Daphnia magna and Raphanus sativus and identification of suspected toxic compounds using the Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) method. The evaluation was performed in three phases: physicochemical characterization of the slurry; acute/chronic toxicity testing with Daphnia magna and Raphanus sativus for each fraction of the TIE (cation and anion exchange columns, activated carbon, pH modification/aeration and EDTA) and identification of suspected toxic compounds. The anaerobically treated slurry contained concentrations of ammonium of 1,072 mg L(-1), chloride of 815 mg L(-1) and metals below 1 mg L(-1) with a D. magna acute toxicity (48h-LC50) of 5.3% and R. sativus acute toxicity (144h-LC50) of 48.1%. Epicotyl elongation of R. sativus was inhibited at concentrations above 25% (NOEC). The cation exchange reduced the toxicity and free ammonia by more than 90% for both bio-indicators. Moreover, this condition stimulated the epicotyl growth of R. sativus between 10% and 37%. In conclusion, the main compound suspected of causing acute toxicity in D. magna and acute/chronic toxicity in R. sativus is the ammonium. The findings suggest the need the ammonium treatment prior to the agricultural reuse of swine slurry given the high risk to contaminate the aquatic environment by runoff and toxicity of sensitive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A Villamar
- a Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology Group, Environmental Science Faculty and EULA-Chile Center , University of de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
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López D, Chamorro S, Silva J, Bay-Schmith E, Vidal G. Chronic effects of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus kraft mill effluents and phytosterols on Daphnia magna. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2011; 87:633-637. [PMID: 21979137 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two kraft pulp mill effluents were compared in terms of their chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna. One resulted from pulping Pinus radiata and the other came from a parallel processing of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus (mixed kraft pulp mill effluent). The concentration of phytosterols found in the mixed kraft pulp mill effluent was higher than in the effluent from Pinus radiata, with values of 0.1082 and 0.02 μg/L, respectively. The phytosterols per se are responsible for 12.9% and 8.1% of the deviation from the natural shape, while the kraft pulp mill effluents account for 25.6%-27.8% of shape deviation. The role of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol is discussed in relation to endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- D López
- Environmental Science Center - EULA-Chile, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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Llanos-Rivera A, Castro LR, Silva J, Bay-Schmith E. A new developmental toxicity test for pelagic fish using anchoveta (Engraulis ringens J.). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2009; 83:23-28. [PMID: 19333532 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of six 96-h static bioassays were performed to validate the use of anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) embryos as test organisms for ecotoxicological studies. The standardization protocol utilized potassium dichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) as a reference toxicant and egg mortality as the endpoint. The results indicated that the mean sensitivity of anchoveta embryos to potassium dichromate was 156.1 mg L(-1) (range: 131-185 mg L(-1)). The statistical data analysis showed high homogeneity in LC50 values among bioassays (variation coefficient = 11.02%). These results demonstrated that the protocol and handling procedures implemented for the anchoveta embryo bioassays comply with international standards for intra-laboratory precision. After secondary treatment, an effluent from a modern Kraft pulp mill was tested for E. ringens embryo toxicity, finding no significant differences from the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Llanos-Rivera
- Programa de Investigación Marina de Excelencia (PIMEX-Nueva Aldea), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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Silva J, Fuentealba C, Bay-Schmith E, Larrain A. ESTANDARIZACION DEL BIOENSAYO DE TOXICIDAD AGUAD CON DIPLODON CHILENSIS USANDO UN TOXICO DE REFERENCIA. Gayana (Concepc ) 2007. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382007000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zuñiga M, Vallejos P, Larraín A, Bay-Schmith E. Toxicity of copper on four Chilean marine mussels. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 71:1167-1174. [PMID: 14756285 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-8248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Zuñiga
- Environmental Section, ASMAR (T), Casilla 9-D, Talcahuano, Chile
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Soto E, Oyarce G, Inzunza B, Bay-Schmith E. Acute toxicity of organic and inorganic compounds on the freshwater cyclopoid copepod Eucyclops neumani neumani (Pesta, 1927). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 70:1017-1021. [PMID: 12719830 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Soto
- Laboratory of Bioassays, Department of Zoology, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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Silva J, Troncoso L, Bay-Schmith E, Larraín A. Utilization of Odontesthes regia (Atherinidae) from the south eastern Pacific as a test organism for bioassays: study of its sensitivity to six chemicals. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2001; 66:570-575. [PMID: 11443325 DOI: 10.1007/s001280046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2000] [Accepted: 02/10/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Silva
- Laboratory of Bioassays, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepcion, Post Office Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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Gaete H, Larrain A, Bay-Schmith E, Baeza J, Rodriguez J. Ecotoxicological assessment of two pulp mill effluent, Biobio River Basin, Chile. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 65:183-189. [PMID: 10885995 DOI: 10.1007/s001280000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Gaete
- Laboratory of Bioassays, Department of Zoology, Box 160-C, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Soto E, Larrain A, Bay-Schmith E. Sensitivity of Ampelisca araucana juveniles (Crustacea: amphipoda) to organic and inorganic toxicants in tests of acute toxicity. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 64:574-578. [PMID: 10754055 DOI: 10.1007/s001280000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Soto
- Laboratory of Bioassays, Department of Zoology, University of Concepción Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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Larrain A, Riveros A, Silva J, Bay-Schmith E. Toxicity of metals and pesticides using the sperm cell bioassay with the sea urchin Arbacia spatuligera. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1999; 62:749-757. [PMID: 10354001 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Larrain
- Laboratory of Bioassays, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
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Larrain A, Soto E, Bay-Schmith E. Assessment of sediment toxicity in San Vicente Bay, central Chile, using the amphipod Ampelisca araucana. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1998; 61:363-369. [PMID: 9724360 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Larrain
- Laboratorio de Bioensayos, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 2407-10, Concepción, Chile
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Larrain A, Soto E, Silva J, Bay-Schmith E. Sensitivity of the meiofaunal copepod Tisbe longicornis to K2Cr2O7 under varying temperature regimes. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1998; 61:391-396. [PMID: 9724364 DOI: 10.1007/s001289900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Larrain
- Laboratorio de Bioensayos, Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 2407-10, Concepción, Chile
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Larrain A, Riveros A, Bay-Schmith E, Roa R. Evaluation of three larval instars of the midge Chironomus petiolatus as bioassay tools using a computationally intensive statistical algorithm. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1997; 33:407-414. [PMID: 9419259 DOI: 10.1007/s002449900270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity to toxicants is a major criterion for selecting organisms for bioassay testing. If a sensitive species is also abundant and occupies a role as prey for many other species within a community, then the species become a valuable tool in environmental monitoring. These features apply to larval midge Chironomus petiolatus in freshwater environments of central Chile. The youngest larval instar is the most sensitive and presents the additional feature of lower survival within control arenas, making it more difficult to discern toxicant-related mortality from background mortality. In this work, we perform acute bioassays with the three larval stages of C. petiolatus and K2Cr2O7 as reference toxicant, with the goal of selecting a particular instar as the best bioassay tool using two criteria: sensitivity and background mortality. Sensitivity is evaluated through Monte Carlo estimation of LC50 and background mortality through bootstrap resampling, and a final Bioassay Performance Index as the product of LC50 and background mortality. For this task we developed a new computationally intensive statistical algorithm. Results show that the best bioassay tool is not the youngest and most sensitive instar but an intermediate one.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Larrain
- Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 2407, Concepción, Chile
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Bay-Schmith E, Pearse JS. Effect of Fixed Daylengths on the Photoperiodic Regulation of Gametogenesis in the Sea UrchinStrongylocentrotus purpuratus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/01688170.1987.10510287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bay-Schmith E. [A new genus and species of Lecithodendriidae (Trematoda), parasite of Lasiurus borealis bonaerensis (Lesson and Garnot, 1826) (Mammalia, Chiroptera)]. Bol Chil Parasitol 1972; 27:36-9. [PMID: 4635325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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