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Pagkrati I, Duke JL, Mbunwe E, Mosbruger TL, Ferriola D, Wasserman J, Dinou A, Tairis N, Damianos G, Kotsopoulou I, Papaioannou J, Giannopoulos D, Beggs W, Nyambo T, Mpoloka SW, Mokone GG, Njamnshi AK, Fokunang C, Woldemeskel D, Belay G, Maiers M, Tishkoff SA, Monos DS. Genomic characterization of HLA class I and class II genes in ethnically diverse sub-Saharan African populations: A report on novel HLA alleles. HLA 2023; 102:192-205. [PMID: 36999238 PMCID: PMC10524506 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
HLA allelic variation has been well studied and documented in many parts of the world. However, African populations have been relatively under-represented in studies of HLA variation. We have characterized HLA variation from 489 individuals belonging to 13 ethnically diverse populations from rural communities from the African countries of Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, and Tanzania, known to practice traditional subsistence lifestyles using next generation sequencing (Illumina) and long-reads from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. We identified 342 distinct alleles among the 11 HLA targeted genes: HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1, with 140 of those alleles containing novel sequences that were submitted to the IPD-IMGT/HLA database. Sixteen of the 140 alleles contained novel content within the exonic regions of the genes, while 110 alleles contained novel intronic variants. Four alleles were found to be recombinants of already described HLA alleles and 10 alleles extended the sequence content of already described alleles. All 140 alleles include complete allelic sequence from the 5' UTR to the 3' UTR that are inclusive of all exons and introns. This report characterizes the HLA allelic variation from these individuals and describes the novel allelic variation present within these specific African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pagkrati
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamie L. Duke
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Mbunwe
- Department of Genetics and Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy L. Mosbruger
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deborah Ferriola
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenna Wasserman
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amalia Dinou
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tairis
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Georgios Damianos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ioanna Kotsopoulou
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanna Papaioannou
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diamantoula Giannopoulos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Beggs
- Department of Genetics and Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Nyambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University in Tanzania (KIUT), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sununguko W. Mpoloka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Gaonyadiwe G. Mokone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Alfred K. Njamnshi
- Department of Neuroscience, Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Neurology & Neuroscience, Central Hospital Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles Fokunang
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dawit Woldemeskel
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gurja Belay
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Martin Maiers
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah A. Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics and Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dimitri S. Monos
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mosbruger TL, Dinou A, Duke JL, Ferriola D, Mehler H, Pagkrati I, Damianos G, Mbunwe E, Sarmady M, Lyratzakis I, Tishkoff SA, Dinh A, Monos DS. Utilizing nanopore sequencing technology for the rapid and comprehensive characterization of eleven HLA loci; addressing the need for deceased donor expedited HLA typing. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:413-422. [PMID: 32595056 PMCID: PMC7870017 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The comprehensive characterization of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genomic sequences remains a challenging problem. Despite the significant advantages of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the field of Immunogenetics, there has yet to be a single solution for unambiguous, accurate, simple, cost-effective, and timely genotyping necessary for all clinical applications. This report demonstrates the benefits of nanopore sequencing introduced by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) for HLA genotyping. Samples (n = 120) previously characterized at high-resolution three-field (HR-3F) for 11 loci were assessed using ONT sequencing paired to a single-plex PCR protocol (Holotype) and to two multiplex protocols OmniType (Omixon) and NGSgo®-MX6-1 (GenDx). The results demonstrate the potential of nanopore sequencing for delivering accurate HR-3F typing with a simple, rapid, and cost-effective protocol. The protocol is applicable to time-sensitive applications, such as deceased donor typings, enabling better assessments of compatibility and epitope analysis. The technology also allows significantly shorter turnaround time for multiple samples at a lower cost. Overall, the nanopore technology appears to offer a significant advancement over current next-generation sequencing platforms as a single solution for all HLA genotyping needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Mosbruger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amalia Dinou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie L Duke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah Ferriola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hilary Mehler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ioanna Pagkrati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Georgios Damianos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Mbunwe
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mahdi Sarmady
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ioannis Lyratzakis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah A Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anh Dinh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dimitri S Monos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Mbunwe E, Duke JL, Ferriola D, Mosbruger T, Damianos G, Dinou A, Kotsopoulou I, Ranciaro A, Thompson S, Beggs W, Mpoloka SW, Mokone GG, Nyambo T, Meskel DW, Belay G, Fokunang C, Njamnshi AK, Carrington M, Maiers M, Tishkoff S, Monos DS. P072 HLA types in ethnically diverse sub-saharan african populations. Hum Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Loy DE, Rubel MA, Avitto AN, Liu W, Li Y, Learn GH, Ranciaro A, Mbunwe E, Fokunang C, Njamnshi AK, Sharp PM, Tishkoff SA, Hahn BH. Investigating zoonotic infection barriers to ape Plasmodium parasites using faecal DNA analysis. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:531-542. [PMID: 29476866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
African apes are endemically infected with numerous Plasmodium spp. including close relatives of human Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. Although these ape parasites are not believed to pose a zoonotic threat, their ability to colonise humans has not been fully explored. In particular, it remains unknown whether ape parasites are able to initiate exo-erythrocytic replication in human hepatocytes following the bite of an infective mosquito. Since animal studies have shown that liver stage infection can result in the excretion of parasite nucleic acids into the bile, we screened faecal samples from 504 rural Cameroonians for Plasmodium DNA. Using pan-Laverania as well as P. malariae- and P. vivax-specific primer sets, we amplified human P. falciparum (n = 14), P. malariae (n = 1), and P. ovale wallikeri (n = 1) mitochondrial sequences from faecal DNA of 15 individuals. However, despite using an intensified PCR screening approach we failed to detect ape Laverania, ape P. vivax or ape P. malariae parasites in these same subjects. One faecal sample from a hunter-gatherer contained a sequence closely related to the porcupine parasite Plasmodium atheruri. Since this same faecal sample also contained porcupine mitochondrial DNA, but a matching blood sample was Plasmodium-negative, it is likely that this hunter-gatherer consumed Plasmodium-infected bushmeat. Faecal Plasmodium detection was not secondary to intestinal bleeding and/or infection with gastrointestinal parasites, but indicative of blood parasitaemia. Quantitative PCR identified 26-fold more parasite DNA in the blood of faecal Plasmodium-positive than faecal Plasmodium-negative individuals (P = 0.01). However, among blood-positive individuals only 10% - 20% had detectable Plasmodium sequences in their stool. Thus, faecal screening of rural Cameroonians failed to uncover abortive ape Plasmodium infections, but detected infection with human parasites, albeit with reduced sensitivity compared with blood analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy E Loy
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meagan A Rubel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexa N Avitto
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Weimin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gerald H Learn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessia Ranciaro
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Mbunwe
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charles Fokunang
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alfred K Njamnshi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Central Hospital Yaoundé, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul M Sharp
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Asanghanwa M, Gorus FK, Weets I, der Auwera BV, Aminkeng F, Mbunwe E, Goubert P, Verhaeghen K, Sobngwi E, Wenzlau JM, Hutton JC, Pipeleers DG, Keymeulen B, Mbanya JCN, van Schravendijk C. Clinical and biological characteristics of diabetic patients under age 40 in Cameroon: relation to autoantibody status and comparison with Belgian patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 103:97-105. [PMID: 24332797 PMCID: PMC4120294 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the prevalence of diabetes autoantibodies (Abs) in Cameroonian patients and controls, assessed their contribution in disease classification and compared results with data from Belgium. METHODS Abs against GAD (GADA), IA-2 (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) were assessed in 302 recently diagnosed Cameroonian patients with diabetes and 184 control subjects without diabetes aged below 40 years. RESULTS Only 27 (9%) Cameroonian patients were younger than 15 years. Overall, 29% of patients presented at least one diabetes-associated antibody vs 9% in healthy controls (24% vs 7% for GADA (p<0.001), 10% vs 3% for IA-2A (p<0.006), 4% vs 2% for ZnT8A). Ab(+) patients had lower C-peptide levels (p<0.001), were more often insulin-treated (p<0.002) and were as frequently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes as Ab(-) patients. Only 43% of Ab(+) patients aged 15-39 years were clinically classified as having type 1 diabetes in Cameroon vs 96% in Belgium (p<0.001). Not one Ab(+) Cameroonian patient carried HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genotype vs 23% of Belgian Ab(+) patients (p<0.001). Younger age at diagnosis and antibody positivity were independent predictors of insulin therapy. Ab(+) Cameroonian patients were older (p<0.001), had higher BMI (p<0.001) and lower Ab titers than Belgian Ab(+) patients. In ketonuric patients, prevalence of autoantibodies was similar as in non-ketonuric patients. CONCLUSIONS In Cameroonian patients with diabetes aged under 40 years, antibody-positivity is not clearly related to disease phenotype, but may help predict the need for insulin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milca Asanghanwa
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University - VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frans K Gorus
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University - VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Radio-immunology, University Hospital Brussels Free University - UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Weets
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University - VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Radio-immunology, University Hospital Brussels Free University - UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart V der Auwera
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University - VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Folefac Aminkeng
- The Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Mbunwe
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University - VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Goubert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Radio-immunology, University Hospital Brussels Free University - UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Verhaeghen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Radio-immunology, University Hospital Brussels Free University - UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eugene Sobngwi
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Specialties, Laboratory for Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, The Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Janet M Wenzlau
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - John C Hutton
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel G Pipeleers
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University - VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Keymeulen
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University - VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Radio-immunology, University Hospital Brussels Free University - UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude N Mbanya
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Specialties, Laboratory for Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, The Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Chris van Schravendijk
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University - VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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Apinjoh TO, Anchang-Kimbi JK, Njua-Yafi C, Mugri RN, Ngwai AN, Rockett KA, Mbunwe E, Besingi RN, Clark TG, Kwiatkowski DP, Achidi EA. Association of cytokine and Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms with severe malaria in three regions of Cameroon. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81071. [PMID: 24312262 PMCID: PMC3842328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
P. falciparum malaria is one of the most widespread and deadliest infectious diseases in children under five years in endemic areas. The disease has been a strong force for evolutionary selection in the human genome, and uncovering the critical human genetic factors that confer resistance to the disease would provide clues to the molecular basis of protective immunity that would be invaluable for vaccine development. We investigated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on malaria pathology in a case- control study of 1862 individuals from two major ethnic groups in three regions with intense perennial P. falciparum transmission in Cameroon. Twenty nine polymorphisms in cytokine and toll-like receptor (TLR) genes as well as the sickle cell trait (HbS) were assayed on the Sequenom iPLEX platform. Our results confirm the known protective effect of HbS against severe malaria and also reveal a protective effect of SNPs in interleukin-10 (IL10) cerebral malaria and hyperpyrexia. Furthermore, IL17RE rs708567 GA and hHbS rs334 AT individuals were associated with protection from uncomplicated malaria and anaemia respectively in this study. Meanwhile, individuals with the hHbS rs334 TT, IL10 rs3024500 AA, and IL17RD rs6780995 GA genotypes were more susceptible to severe malarial anaemia, cerebral malaria, and hyperpyrexia respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that polymorphisms in some immune response genes may have important implications for the susceptibility to severe malaria in Cameroonians. Moreover using uncomplicated malaria may allow us to identify novel pathways in the early development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias O. Apinjoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Clarisse Njua-Yafi
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Regina N. Mugri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Andre N. Ngwai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Kirk A. Rockett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Mbunwe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Richard N. Besingi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Taane G. Clark
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic P. Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Eric A. Achidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Mbunwe E, Van der Auwera BJ, Weets I, Van Crombrugge P, Crenier L, Coeckelberghs M, Seret N, Decochez K, Vandemeulebroucke E, Gillard P, Keymeulen B, van Schravendijk C, Wenzlau JM, Hutton JC, Pipeleers DG, Gorus FK. In antibody-positive first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes, HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*18, but not HLA-B*39, are predictors of impending diabetes with distinct HLA-DQ interactions. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1964-70. [PMID: 23712485 PMCID: PMC3918938 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Secondary type 1 diabetes prevention trials require selection of participants with impending diabetes. HLA-A and -B alleles have been reported to promote disease progression. We investigated whether typing for HLA-B*18 and -B*39 may complement screening for HLA-DQ8, -DQ2 and -A*24 and autoantibodies (Abs) against islet antigen-2 (IA-2) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) for predicting rapid progression to hyperglycaemia. METHODS A registry-based group of 288 persistently autoantibody-positive (Ab(+)) offspring/siblings (aged 0-39 years) of known patients (Ab(+) against insulin, GAD, IA-2 and/or ZnT8) were typed for HLA-DQ, -A and -B and monitored from the first Ab(+) sample for development of diabetes within 5 years. RESULTS Unlike HLA-B*39, HLA-B*18 was associated with accelerated disease progression, but only in HLA-DQ2 carriers (p < 0.006). In contrast, HLA-A*24 promoted progression preferentially in the presence of HLA-DQ8 (p < 0.002). In HLA-DQ2- and/or HLA-DQ8-positive relatives (n = 246), HLA-B*18 predicted impending diabetes (p = 0.015) in addition to HLA-A*24, HLA-DQ2/DQ8 and positivity for IA-2A or ZnT8A (p ≤ 0.004). HLA-B*18 interacted significantly with HLA-DQ2/DQ8 and HLA-A*24 in the presence of IA-2 and/or ZnT8 autoantibodies (p ≤ 0.009). Additional testing for HLA-B*18 and -A*24 significantly improved screening sensitivity for rapid progressors, from 38% to 53%, among relatives at high Ab-inferred risk carrying at least one genetic risk factor. Screening for HLA-B*18 increased sensitivity for progressors, from 17% to 28%, among individuals carrying ≥ 3 risk markers conferring >85% 5 year risk. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results reinforce the importance of HLA class I alleles in disease progression and quantify their added value for preparing prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mbunwe
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Mbunwe E, Van der Auwera BJ, Vermeulen I, Demeester S, Van Dalem A, Balti EV, Van Aken S, Derdelinckx L, Dorchy H, De Schepper J, van Schravendijk C, Wenzlau JM, Hutton JC, Pipeleers D, Weets I, Gorus FK. HLA-A*24 is an independent predictor of 5-year progression to diabetes in autoantibody-positive first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes 2013; 62:1345-50. [PMID: 23160529 PMCID: PMC3609594 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether HLA-A*24 typing complements screening for HLA-DQ and for antibodies (Abs) against insulin, GAD, IA-2 (IA-2A), and zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8A) for prediction of rapid progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Persistently Ab(+) siblings/offspring (n = 288; aged 0-39 years) of T1D patients were genotyped for HLA-DQA1-DQB1 and HLA-A*24 and monitored for development of diabetes within 5 years of first Ab(+). HLA-A*24 (P = 0.009), HLA-DQ2/DQ8 (P = 0.001), and positivity for IA-2A ± ZnT8A (P < 0.001) were associated with development of T1D in multivariate analysis. The 5-year risk increased with the number of the above three markers present (n = 0: 6%; n = 1: 18%; n = 2: 46%; n = 3: 100%). Positivity for one or more markers identified a subgroup of 171 (59%) containing 88% of rapid progressors. The combined presence of HLA-A*24 and IA-2A(+) ± ZnT8A(+) defined a subgroup of 18 (6%) with an 82% diabetes risk. Among IA-2A(+) ± ZnT8A(+) relatives, identification of HLA-A*24 carriers in addition to HLA-DQ2/DQ8 carriers increased screening sensitivity for relatives at high Ab- and HLA-inferred risk (64% progression; P = 0.002). In conclusion, HLA-A*24 independently predicts rapid progression to T1D in Ab(+) relatives and complements IA-2A, ZnT8A, and HLA-DQ2/DQ8 for identifying participants in immunointervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mbunwe
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB, Brussels, Belgium.
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Achidi EA, Apinjoh TO, Mbunwe E, Besingi R, Yafi C, Wenjighe Awah N, Ajua A, Anchang JK. Febrile status, malarial parasitaemia and gastro-intestinal helminthiases in schoolchildren resident at different altitudes, in south-western Cameroon. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2008; 102:103-18. [PMID: 18318932 DOI: 10.1179/136485908x252287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the many areas where human malaria and helminthiases are co-endemic, schoolchildren often harbour the heaviest infections and suffer much of the associated morbidity, especially when co-infected. In one such area, the Buea district, in south-western Cameroon, two cross-sectional surveys, together covering 263 apparently healthy schoolchildren aged 4-12 years, were recently conducted. The prevalences of fever, malarial parasitaemia and intestinal helminth infections, the seroprevalences of anti-Plasmodium falciparum IgG and IgE and anti-glycosylphosphatidylinositol (anti-GPI) IgG, plasma concentrations of total IgE, and the incidence of anaemia were all investigated. The mean (S.D.) age of the study children was 7.56 (1.82) years. Overall, 156 (59.3%) of the children were found parasitaemic, with a geometric mean parasitaemia of 565 parasites/microl. Parasitaemia and fever were significantly associated (P=0.042). The children who lived at low altitude, attending schools that lay 400-650 m above sea level, had significantly higher parasitaemias than their high-altitude counterparts (P<0.01). At low altitude, the children attending government schools had significantly higher parasitaemias than their mission-school counterparts (P=0.010). Of the 31 children (11.9%) found anaemic, 22 (70.4%) had mild anaemia and none had severe anaemia. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.224; P=0.005) was observed between haemoglobin concentration and level of parasitaemia. Infection with Plasmodium appeared to reduce erythrocyte counts (P=0.045), a condition that was exacerbated by co-infection with helminths (P=0.035). Plasma concentrations of total IgE were higher in the children found to be excreting helminth eggs than in those who appeared helminth-free, while levels of anti-P. falciparum IgE were higher in the children with low-grade parasitaemias than in those with more intense parasitaemias. Levels of anti-GPI IgG increased with age and were relatively high in the children who lived at low altitude and in those who were aparasitaemic. The survey results confirm that asymptomatic malarial parasitaemia frequently co-exists with helminth infections in schoolchildren and indicate links with fever, altitude and school type. Immunoglobulin E may play a role in immune protection against helminthiasis whereas anti-GPI antibodies may be important in the development of antimalarial immunity in such children. In Cameroon, as in other areas with endemic malaria, control programmes to reduce the prevalences of infections with intestinal helminths and malarial parasites in schoolchildren, which may effectively reduce the incidence of anaemia, are clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Achidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
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