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Dunai C, Ames E, Ochoa MC, Fernandez-Sendin M, Melero I, Simonetta F, Baker J, Alvarez M. Killers on the loose: Immunotherapeutic strategies to improve NK cell-based therapy for cancer treatment. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2022; 370:65-122. [PMID: 35798507 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that control tumor progression by not only directly killing cancer cells, but also by regulating other immune cells, helping to orchestrate a coordinated anti-tumor response. However, despite the tremendous potential that this cell type has, the clinical results obtained from diverse NK cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies have been, until recent years, rather modest. The intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that are involved in the control of their activation as well as the multiple mechanisms that tumor cells have developed to escape NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity likely account for the unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The current approaches to improve long-term NK cell function are centered on modulating different molecules involved in both the activation and inhibition of NK cells, and the latest data seems to advocate for combining strategies that target multiple aspects of NK cell regulation. In this review, we summarize the different strategies (such as engineered NK cells, CAR-NK, NK cell immune engagers) that are currently being used to take advantage of this potent and complex immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Dunai
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Ames
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maria C Ochoa
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Myriam Fernandez-Sendin
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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Ames E, Bowen RAR. Unexpectedly low tacrolimus concentrations attributed to inappropriately labeled water container from the instrument manufacturer. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:e159-e160. [PMID: 35405044 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ames
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Luna JI, Grossenbacher SK, Sturgill IR, Ames E, Judge SJ, Bouzid LA, Darrow MA, Murphy WJ, Canter RJ. Bortezomib Augments Natural Killer Cell Targeting of Stem-Like Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010085. [PMID: 30646520 PMCID: PMC6356940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells harboring stem-like/cancer stem cell (CSC) properties have been identified and isolated from numerous hematological and solid malignancies. These stem-like tumor cells can persist following conventional cytoreductive therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, thereby repopulating the tumor and seeding relapse and/or metastasis. We have previously shown that natural killer (NK) cells preferentially target stem-like tumor cells via non- major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted mechanisms. Here, we demonstrated that the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, augments NK cell targeting of stem cell-like tumor cells against multiple solid human tumor-derived cancer lines and primary tissue samples. Mechanistically, this was mediated by the upregulation of cell surface NK ligands MHC class I chain-related protein A and B (MICA and MICB) on aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH)-positive CSCs. The increased expression of MICA and MICB on CSC targets thereby enhanced NK cell mediated killing in vitro and ex vivo from both human primary tumor and patient-derived xenograft samples. In vivo, the combination of bortezomib and allogeneic NK cell adoptive transfer in immunodeficient mice led to increased elimination of CSCs as well as tumor growth delay of orthotopic glioblastoma tumors. Taken together, our data support the combination bortezomib and NK transfer as a strategy for both CSC targeting and potentially improved outcomes in clinical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus I Luna
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Steven K Grossenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Ian R Sturgill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Erik Ames
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Sean J Judge
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Lyes A Bouzid
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Morgan A Darrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Ames E, Campbell MJ, Afify A, Krane JF, Huang EC. Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia: Cytologic characterization of a rare distinct entity in the thyroid. Diagn Cytopathol 2018; 46:632-635. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ames
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California, Davis Medical Center; Sacramento California
| | - Michael J. Campbell
- Department of Surgery; University of California, Davis Medical Center; Sacramento California
| | - Alaa Afify
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California, Davis Medical Center; Sacramento California
| | - Jeffrey F. Krane
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Eric C. Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California, Davis Medical Center; Sacramento California
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Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that a sub-population of quiescent cells exist within tumors which are resistant to conventional cytotoxic/anti-proliferative therapies. It is these CSCs which then seed tumor relapse, even in cases of apparent complete response to systemic therapy. Therefore, therapies, such as immunotherapy, which add a specific anti-CSC strategy to standard cytoreductive treatments may provide a promising new direction for future cancer therapies. CSCs are an attractive target for immune therapies since, unlike chemotherapy or radiotherapy, immune effector cells do not specifically require target cells to be proliferating in order to effectively kill them. Although recent advances have been made in the development of novel systemic and targeted therapies for advanced gastro-intestinal (GI) malignancies, there remains an unmet need for durable new therapies for these refractory malignancies. Novel immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CSCs are in pre-clinical and clinical development across the spectrum of the immune system, including strategies utilizing adaptive immune cell-based effectors, innate immune effectors, as well as vaccine approaches. Lastly, since important CSC functions are affected by the tumor microenvironment, targeting of both cellular (myeloid derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages) and sub-cellular (cytokines, chemokines, and PD1/PDL1) components of the tumor microenvironment is under investigation in the immune targeting of CSCs. These efforts are adding to the significant optimism about the potential utility of immunotherapy to overcome cancer resistance mechanisms and cure greater numbers of patients with advanced malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Canter
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, 2 Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Steven K Grossenbacher
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, 2 Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Erik Ames
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, 2 Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- 1 Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, 2 Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Dermatology, 3 Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Dzierma Y, Bell K, Ames E, Nuesken F, Licht N, Rübe C. EP-1609: CBCT and planar imaging dose for prostate and head-&-neck patients using 3 different imaging systems. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)32860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Grossenbacher S, Ames E, Mac S, Duan Y, Azeem S, Canter R, Murphy W. Bortezomib sensitizes human glioblastoma stem cells to adoptive natural killer cell cytotoxicity. J Immunother Cancer 2015. [PMCID: PMC4645253 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-3-s2-p17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Canter R, Grossenbacher SK, Park JS, Modiano J, Ames E, Mac S, Monjazeb AM, Kent M, Culp W, Chen M, Murphy W. Combination radioimmunotherapy with adoptive NK transfer targets cancer stem cells in canine models of bone and soft tissue sarcoma. J Immunother Cancer 2015. [PMCID: PMC4645235 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-3-s2-p4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Ames E, Canter RJ, Grossenbacher SK, Mac S, Chen M, Smith RC, Hagino T, Perez-Cunningham J, Sckisel GD, Urayama S, Monjazeb AM, Fragoso RC, Sayers TJ, Murphy WJ. NK Cells Preferentially Target Tumor Cells with a Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype. J Immunol 2015; 195:4010-9. [PMID: 26363055 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to antiproliferative therapies, able to repopulate tumor bulk, and seed metastasis. NK cells are able to target stem cells as shown by their ability to reject allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells but not solid tissue grafts. Using multiple preclinical models, including NK coculture (autologous and allogeneic) with multiple human cancer cell lines and dissociated primary cancer specimens and NK transfer in NSG mice harboring orthotopic pancreatic cancer xenografts, we assessed CSC viability, CSC frequency, expression of death receptor ligands, and tumor burden. We demonstrate that activated NK cells are capable of preferentially killing CSCs identified by multiple CSC markers (CD24(+)/CD44(+), CD133(+), and aldehyde dehydrogenase(bright)) from a wide variety of human cancer cell lines in vitro and dissociated primary cancer specimens ex vivo. We observed comparable effector function of allogeneic and autologous NK cells. We also observed preferential upregulation of NK activation ligands MICA/B, Fas, and DR5 on CSCs. Blocking studies further implicated an NKG2D-dependent mechanism for NK killing of CSCs. Treatment of orthotopic human pancreatic cancer tumor-bearing NSG mice with activated NK cells led to significant reductions in both intratumoral CSCs and tumor burden. Taken together, these data from multiple preclinical models, including a strong reliance on primary human cancer specimens, provide compelling preclinical evidence that activated NK cells preferentially target cancer cells with a CSC phenotype, highlighting the translational potential of NK immunotherapy as part of a combined modality approach for refractory solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ames
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Robert J Canter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Steven K Grossenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Stephanie Mac
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Rachel C Smith
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Takeshi Hagino
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Jessica Perez-Cunningham
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Gail D Sckisel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Shiro Urayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Ruben C Fragoso
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Thomas J Sayers
- Basic Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817
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Sckisel GD, Bouchlaka MN, Monjazeb AM, Crittenden M, Curti BD, Wilkins DEC, Alderson KA, Sungur CM, Ames E, Mirsoian A, Reddy A, Alexander W, Soulika A, Blazar BR, Longo DL, Wiltrout RH, Murphy WJ. Out-of-Sequence Signal 3 Paralyzes Primary CD4(+) T-Cell-Dependent Immunity. Immunity 2015; 43:240-50. [PMID: 26231116 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Primary T cell activation involves the integration of three distinct signals delivered in sequence: (1) antigen recognition, (2) costimulation, and (3) cytokine-mediated differentiation and expansion. Strong immunostimulatory events such as immunotherapy or infection induce profound cytokine release causing "bystander" T cell activation, thereby increasing the potential for autoreactivity and need for control. We show that during strong stimulation, a profound suppression of primary CD4(+) T-cell-mediated immune responses ensued and was observed across preclinical models and patients undergoing high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy. This suppression targeted naive CD4(+) but not CD8(+) T cells and was mediated through transient suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) inhibition of the STAT5b transcription factor signaling pathway. These events resulted in complete paralysis of primary CD4(+) T cell activation, affecting memory generation and induction of autoimmunity as well as impaired viral clearance. These data highlight the critical regulation of naive CD4(+) T cells during inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail D Sckisel
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Myriam N Bouchlaka
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Marka Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213, USA; The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR 97220, USA
| | - Brendan D Curti
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213, USA; The Oregon Clinic, Portland, OR 97220, USA
| | - Danice E C Wilkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Kory A Alderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Can M Sungur
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Erik Ames
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Annie Mirsoian
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Abhinav Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Warren Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Athena Soulika
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriner's Hospitals for Children - Northern California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dan L Longo
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert H Wiltrout
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Ames E, Canter RJ, Grossenbacher SK, Mac S, Smith RC, Monjazeb AM, Chen M, Murphy WJ. Enhanced targeting of stem-like solid tumor cells with radiation and natural killer cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1036212. [PMID: 26405602 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1036212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes postulated to mediate resistance against primary haematopoietic but not solid tumor malignancies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of malignant cells with stem-like properties which are resistant to chemo- and radiotherapies and are able to repopulate a tumor after cytoreductive treatments. We observed increased frequencies of stem-like tumor cells after irradiation, with increased expression of stress ligands on surviving stem-like cells. Ex vivo NK cells activated by low dose IL2 in vitro and IL15 in vivo displayed an increased ability to target solid tumor stem-like cells both in vitro and in vivo after irradiation. Mechanistically, both upregulation of stress-related ligands on the stem-like cells as well as debulking of non-stem populations contributed to these effects as determined by data from cell lines, primary tumor samples, and most relevant patient derived specimens. In addition, pretreatment of tumor-bearing mice with local radiation prior to NK transfer resulted in significantly longer survival indicating that radiation therapy in conjunction with NK cell adoptive immunotherapy targeting stem-like cancer cells may offer a promising novel radio-immunotherapy approach in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ames
- Department of Dermatology; Davis School of Medicine; University of California ; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery; Division of Surgical Oncology; Davis School of Medicine; University of California ; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Steven K Grossenbacher
- Department of Dermatology; Davis School of Medicine; University of California ; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Mac
- Department of Dermatology; Davis School of Medicine; University of California ; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rachel C Smith
- Department of Dermatology; Davis School of Medicine; University of California ; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Davis School of Medicine; University of California ; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology; Davis School of Medicine; University of California ; Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology; Davis School of Medicine; University of California ; Sacramento, CA, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Hematology and Oncology; Davis Medical Center; University of California ; Sacramento, CA, USA
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Grossenbacher SK, Ames E, Mac S, Masoud R, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Enhanced natural killer cell targeting of cancer stem cells using Cetuximab. J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4288439 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s3-p13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Canter RJ, Ames E, Mac S, Grossenbacher SK, Chen M, Li CS, Borys D, Smith RC, Tellez J, Sayers TJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Anti-proliferative but not anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors enrich for cancer stem cells in soft tissue sarcoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:756. [PMID: 25301268 PMCID: PMC4200119 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing studies implicate cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the source of resistance and relapse following conventional cytotoxic therapies. Few studies have examined the response of CSCs to targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We hypothesized that TKIs would have differential effects on CSC populations depending on their mechanism of action (anti-proliferative vs. anti-angiogenic). METHODS We exposed human sarcoma cell lines to sorafenib, regorafenib, and pazopanib and assessed cell viability and expression of CSC markers (ALDH, CD24, CD44, and CD133). We evaluated survival and CSC phenotype in mice harboring sarcoma metastases after TKI therapy. We exposed dissociated primary sarcoma tumors to sorafenib, regorafenib, and pazopanib, and we used tissue microarray (TMA) and primary sarcoma samples to evaluate the frequency and intensity of CSC markers after neoadjuvant therapy with sorafenib and pazopanib. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were performed as appropriate. RESULTS After functionally validating the CSC phenotype of ALDHbright sarcoma cells, we observed that sorafenib and regorafenib were cytotoxic to sarcoma cell lines (P < 0.05), with a corresponding 1.4 - 2.8 fold increase in ALDHbright cells from baseline (P < 0.05). In contrast, we observed negligible effects on viability and CSC sub-populations with pazopanib. At low doses, there was progressive CSC enrichment in vitro after longer term exposure to sorafenib although the anti-proliferative effects were attenuated. In vivo, sorafenib improved median survival by 11 days (P < 0.05), but enriched ALDHbright cells 2.5 - 2.8 fold (P < 0.05). Analysis of primary human sarcoma samples revealed direct cytotoxicity following exposure to sorafenib and regorafenib with a corresponding increase in ALDHbright cells (P < 0.05). Again, negligible effects from pazopanib were observed. TMA analysis of archived specimens from sarcoma patients treated with sorafenib demonstrated significant enrichment for ALDHbright cells in the post-treatment resection specimen (P < 0.05), whereas clinical specimens obtained longitudinally from a patient treated with pazopanib showed no enrichment for ALDHbright cells (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Anti-proliferative TKIs appear to enrich for sarcoma CSCs while anti-angiogenic TKIs do not. The rational selection of targeted therapies for sarcoma patients may benefit from an awareness of the differential impact of TKIs on CSC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Monjazeb A, Ames E, Murphy W, Canter R. Radiation-Induced Changes in Chemokine Expression Promote Natural Killer Cell Homing. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Monjazeb A, Ames E, Murphy W, Canter R. Radiation Enhances Innate Immune Recognition of Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Alvarez M, Sungur CM, Ames E, Anderson SK, Pomeroy C, Murphy WJ. Contrasting effects of anti-Ly49A due to MHC class I cis binding on NK cell-mediated allogeneic bone marrow cell resistance. J Immunol 2013; 191:688-98. [PMID: 23752612 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK subsets have activating and inhibitory receptors that bind MHC-I. Ly49A is a mouse inhibitory receptor that binds with high affinity to H2(d) in both a cis- and trans-manner. Ly49A cis-associations limit trans-interactions with H2(d)-expressing targets as well as mAb binding. We demonstrate that cis-interactions affect mAb effector functions. In vivo administration of anti-Ly49A depleted NK cells in H2(b) but not H2(d) mice. Despite lack of depletion, in vivo treatment with anti-Ly49A reduced NK killing capabilities and inhibited activation, partially due to its agonistic effect. These data explain the previously described in vivo effects on bone marrow allograft rejection observed with anti-Ly49A treatment in H2(d)-haplotype mice. However, prior treatment of mice with poly(I:C) or mouse CMV infection resulted in increased Ly49A expression and Ly49A(+) NK cell depletion in H2(d) mice. These data indicate that, although Ly49 mAbs can exert similar in vivo effects in mice with different MHC haplotypes, these effects are mediated via different mechanisms of action correlating with Ly49A expression levels and can be altered within the same strain contingent on stimuli. This illustrates the marked diversity of mAb effector functions due to the regulation of the level of expression of target Ags and responses by stimulatory incidents such as infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Alvarez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Canter RJ, Ames E, Tellez J, Smith RC, Murphy WJ. Abstract 4894: Sorafenib enriches for sarcoma cancer stem cells in vitro. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a putative source of relapse in many cancers following anti-proliferative therapies. We hypothesized that tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) and radiotherapy (RT) would enrich for CSCs in sarcoma cell lines.
Methods: A673 Ewing's sarcoma and SW982 synovial sarcoma cells were exposed to sorafenib and RT in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Cultured cells were harvested and stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against human CSC markers including CD133, CD24, CD44, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Cell viability was analyzed using 7-Aminoactinomycin (7-AAD). Data were acquired using a BD Fortessa cell sorter (BD Biosciences) and analyzed with FlowJo software version 7.2. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were performed as appropriate.
Results: Short-term exposure (≤1 day) to sorafenib demonstrated a linear dose-dependent cytotoxicity for A673 cells at doses ≥ 4 μM, while SW982 cells required doses ≥ 16 μM. At 24 hours, A673 cell viability decreased from 100% at 1 μM sorafenib to 0% at 32 μM (P<0.05). By day 5, A673 cells exposed to sorafenib doses < 32 μM recovered log-phase growth, while cells exposed to doses > 32 μM remained non-viable. Baseline CSC phenotyping of A673 cells demonstrated 55±5% CD133+, 12±7% ALDH+, 14% CD44+, and 0% CD24+ sub-populations. Baseline CSC phenotyping of SW982 cells demonstrated 0.2±0.9% CD133+, 42±8% ALDH+, 95±5% CD44+, and 40±7% CD24+. A673 cells exposed to 24h sorafenib increased the ALDH+ fraction to 40±3% (> 3-fold increase) at sorafenib 16 μM (P<0.05). SW982 cells showed a non-significant increase in the ALDH+ fraction at doses ≤ 16 μM. Although single fractions of RT were anti-proliferative to A673 cells starting at doses ≥5 Gy, there was not an additive effect of 2.5 Gy RT with sorafenib on cell viability or CSC marker expression.
Conclusion: Sorafenib exerts an anti-proliferative effect on sarcoma cells but enriches for sarcoma CSC. The magnitude of these effects appears to be inversely correlated to baseline ALDH+ levels. Sustained anti-sarcoma therapeutic effects may require targeting of the CSC population following anti-proliferative therapy.
Citation Format: Robert J. Canter, Erik Ames, Joseph Tellez, Rachel C. Smith, William J. Murphy. Sorafenib enriches for sarcoma cancer stem cells in vitro. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4894. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4894
Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
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Sun K, Hsiao HH, Li M, Ames E, Bouchlaka M, Welniak LA, Hagino T, Jagdeo J, Pai CC, Chen M, Blazar BR, Abedi M, Murphy WJ. IFN-γ receptor-deficient donor T cells mediate protection from graft-versus-host disease and preserve graft-versus-tumor responses after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. J Immunol 2012; 189:2033-42. [PMID: 22778394 PMCID: PMC3509544 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. It has been previously reported that lung GVHD severity directly correlates with the expansion of donor Th17 cells in the absence of IFN-γ. However, the consequence of Th17-associated lung GVHD in the presence of IFN-γ has not been well characterized. In the current study, T cells from IFN-γ receptor knockout (IFN-γR(-/-)) mice, capable of producing IFN-γ but unable to signal in response to IFN-γ, have been used to elucidate further the role of IFN-γ in GVHD. We found the transfer of donor T cells from either IFN-γR(-/-) or IFN-γ knockout (IFN-γ(-/-)) mice resulted in significant increases in donor Th17 cells in the lung. Marked increases in IL-4-producing Th2 cells infiltrating the lungs were also observed in the mice of donor IFN-γR(-/-) T cells. Notably, despite the presence of these cells, these mice did not show the severe immune-mediated histopathological lung injury observed in mice receiving donor IFN-γ(-/-) T cells. Increases in lung GVHD did occur in mice with donor IFN-γR(-/-) T cells when treated in vivo with anti-IFN-γ demonstrating that the cytokine has a protective role on host tissues in GVHD. A survival benefit from acute GVHD was also observed using donor cells from IFN-γR(-/-) T cells compared with control donors. Importantly, tumor-bearing mice receiving IFN-γR(-/-) T cells versus wild-type donor T cells displayed similar graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effects. These results demonstrate the critical role of IFN-γ on host tissues and cell effector functions in GVHD/GVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Hui-Hua Hsiao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Minghui Li
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno NV, 89557
| | - Erik Ames
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Myriam Bouchlaka
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno NV, 89557
| | - Lisbeth A. Welniak
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Takeshi Hagino
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Sacramento VA Medical Center, Mather, CA 95655
| | - Chien-Chun Pai
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Mehrdad Abedi
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
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Ames E, Harouna S, Meyer C, Welniak LA, Murphy WJ. The triterpenoid CDDO-Me promotes hematopoietic progenitor expansion and myelopoiesis in mice. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011; 18:396-405. [PMID: 22100978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Me has been shown to directly inhibit the growth of myeloid leukemias and lends itself to a wide array of therapeutic indications, including inflammatory conditions, because of its inhibition of NF-κB. We have previously demonstrated protection from acute graft-versus-host disease after CDDO-Me administration in an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation model. In the current study, we observed that CDDO-Me promoted myelopoiesis in both naive and transplanted mice. This effect was dose dependent, as high doses of CDDO-Me inhibited myeloid growth in vitro. All lineages (granulocyte macrophage colony-forming unit, BFU-E) were promoted by CDDO-Me. We then compared the effects with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a known inducer of myeloid expansion and mobilization from the bone marrow. Whereas both drugs induced terminal myeloid expansion in the spleen, peripheral blood, and bone marrow, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor only induced granulocyte macrophage colony-forming unit precursors in the spleen, while CDDO-Me increased these precursors in the spleen and bone marrow. After sublethal total-body irradiation, mice pretreated with CDDO-Me further displayed an accelerated recovery of myeloid progenitors and total nucleated cells in the spleen. A similar expansion of myeloid and myeloid progenitors was noted with CDDO-Me treatment after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. Combined, these data suggest that CDDO-Me may be of use posttransplantation to accelerate myeloid recovery in addition to the prevention of graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ames
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Ames E, Hagino T, Gorin F, Fragoso R, Murphy W. Intracranial administration of human activated NK cells in a xenogeneic model of orthotopic glioblastoma (169.18). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.169.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive end-stage glioma which conveys an extremely poor prognosis. Based on our in vitro data showing very powerful anti-tumor activity of cytokine activated human natural killer cells against the GBM cell line U87MG, we sought to develop a xenograft model of GBM engraftment into NSG mice which would be treated with an intracranial administration of human NK cells. Such NK cell-based therapies allow for autologous NK cells to be utilized, thus minimizing toxicities. While rhIL-2 administered every other day significantly increased NK cell engraftment compared to saline treated controls, a single hydrodynamic injection of human IL15-encoding plasmid produced a far superior engraftment in the brain, spleen, liver, bone marrow and peritoneal fluid 4 days after injection with no toxicities observed. Activated human NK cells were then administered to mice bearing U87MG-luciferase gliomas five days after the orthotopic injection of tumor cells along with IL-2. While NK cell therapy provided a significant tumor volume reduction in the first several weeks after administration, this therapy was unable to protect mice in the long-term from tumor growth and death. Future studies will utilize IL-15 as well as IL-2 in a similar model. These combined data demonstrate the feasibility of NK cell-based therapies for gliomas as well as their potential role as a secondary treatment to target chemotherapy- and irradiation-resistant tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ames
- 1UC Davis, Department of Dermatology, Sacramento, CA
| | | | | | - Ruben Fragoso
- 3UC Davis Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sacramento, CA
| | - William Murphy
- 1UC Davis, Department of Dermatology, Sacramento, CA
- 2UC Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA
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Peter A, Ames E, Zhou P, Nolta J, Murphy W. Human and mouse natural killer cell cytotoxicity towards embryonic stem cells (169.41). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.169.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESC) have tremendous potential for the treatment of numerous diseases but little is known regarding the immune response towards them. Human ESC (hESC) express very low levels of MHC class I, rendering them resistant to T cell-mediated rejection but making them likely targets of natural killer (NK) cells. As clinical use of MHC-matched ESC is unlikely, we examined the susceptibility of ESC to NK cell mediated killing. We tested the ability of activated human NK cells from several different donors to lyse the H9 hES cell line in vitro. Activated peripheral blood NK cells achieved significant H9 killing in a 4 hour chromium release assay. Similar experiments using mouse ES cell lines (JM8A3.N1, B6 background) with syngeneic (B6) or allogeneic (BALB/c) activated NK effector cells showed significant mouse ESC killing, regardless of NK cell source. This could be explained by very low MHC class I expression on the ESC targets leading to NK cell-mediated lysis due to lack of MHC class I, rather than allogeneic recognition. Experiments determining mouse ESC in vivo clearance by NK cells are under way. Together these data underscore the susceptibility of human and mouse ESC to NK cell-mediated lysis. This suggests that therapeutic applications of ESC are susceptible to host NK-cell mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Peter
- 1University of California, Davis, Department of Dermatology, Sacramento, CA
| | - Erik Ames
- 1University of California, Davis, Department of Dermatology, Sacramento, CA
| | - Ping Zhou
- 2University of California, Davis, Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, CA
- 3University of California, Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Jan Nolta
- 2University of California, Davis, Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, CA
- 3University of California, Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - William Murphy
- 1University of California, Davis, Department of Dermatology, Sacramento, CA
- 2University of California, Davis, Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, CA
- 3University of California, Davis, Department of Internal Medicine, Sacramento, CA
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Ames E, Hallett WHD, Murphy WJ. Sensitization of human breast cancer cells to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by proteasome inhibition. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 155:504-13. [PMID: 19220837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, has direct anti-tumour effects and has been demonstrated to sensitize tumour cells to tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis. Natural killer (NK) cells are effective mediators of anti-tumour responses, both through cytotoxic granule killing and apoptosis-inducing pathways. We therefore investigated if bortezomib sensitized human breast cancer cells to killing by the human NK cell line, NK-92. Bortezomib was unable to sensitize MDA-231 breast cancer cells to NK cell-mediated killing in short-term in vitro assays. However, bortezomib did cause these cells to up-regulate apoptosis-related mRNA as well as death receptors on the cell surface. In a long-term in vitro tumour outgrowth assay that allows NK cells to use their full repertoire of killing pathways, bortezomib sensitized three breast cancer cell lines to NK cell-mediated killing, which led to greater anti-tumour effects than either treatment alone. We then used a xenogeneic mouse model in which CB-17 SCID mice were injected with human breast cancer cells. This model displayed the effectiveness of NK-92 cells, but the addition of bortezomib did not increase the survival further or reduce the number of lung metastases in tumour-bearing mice. However, while bortezomib was highly cytotoxic to NK-92 cells in vitro, bortezomib treatment in vivo did not decrease NK-92 function, suggesting that through alternative dosing or timing of bortezomib, greater efficacy may occur from combined therapy. These data demonstrate that combined treatment of human breast cancer with bortezomib and NK cells has the potential to generate superior anti-tumour responses than either therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ames
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Hallett WHD, Ames E, Álvarez M, Barao I, Taylor PA, Blazar BR, Murphy WJ. Combination therapy using IL-2 and anti-CD25 results in augmented natural killer cell-mediated antitumor responses. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2008; 14:1088-1099. [PMID: 18804038 PMCID: PMC2735407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-2 has been extensively examined to promote clinical T and natural killer (NK) cell responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to regulate many aspects of the immune system, including NK cell-mediated responses. We have demonstrated that in vivo administration of IL-2 led to activation and expansion of both NK cells and immunosuppressive Tregs. Therefore, we attempted to augment NK cell antitumor effects by concurrently depleting Tregs using anti-CD25. Increased NK cell activation by IL-2 was found to be correlated with an increase in classical, short-term NK cell in vitro killing assays regardless of the depletion of Tregs. But when splenocytes of the treated mice were used in long-term tumor outgrowth experiments, we observed that prior depletion of Tregs from IL-2 administration led to improved antitumor effects compared with either treatment alone. Importantly, these in vitro data are correlated with subsequent in vivo survival of leukemia-bearing mice, in which co-treatment of IL-2 with anti-CD25 led to significantly improved survival compared with mice treated with either IL-2 alone or with Treg depletion. Prior depletion of NK1.1(+) cells, but not of CD8(+) cells, completely abrogated all antitumor effects mediated by IL-2 and anti-CD25 combination therapy. These findings demonstrate that superior NK cell-mediated antileukemic effects can be achieved with IL-2 administration and concurrent depletion of CD25(+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H D Hallett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Erik Ames
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Maite Álvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Isabel Barao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada
| | - Patricia A Taylor
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada.
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Hallett WH, Ames E, Motarjemi M, Barao I, Shanker A, Tamang DL, Sayers TJ, Hudig D, Murphy WJ. Sensitization of Tumor Cells to NK Cell-Mediated Killing by Proteasome Inhibition. J Immunol 2007; 180:163-70. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Ames E, Trucano L. What do we mean by curriculum? Health Educ 1979; 10:12-3. [PMID: 119768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ames E, Steven K, Skadhauge E. Effects of arginine vasotocin on renal excretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, and urea in the hydrated chicken. Am J Physiol 1971; 221:1223-8. [PMID: 5124265 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.5.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Goor RS, Pappenheimer AM, Ames E. Studies on the mode of action of diphtheria toxin. V. Inhibition of peptide bond formation by toxin and NAD in cell-free systems and its reversal by nicotinamide. J Exp Med 1967; 126:923-39. [PMID: 4294109 PMCID: PMC2138399 DOI: 10.1084/jem.126.5.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of soluble transferase II activity in cell-free systems by diphtheria toxin and NAD can be prevented or reversed in the presence of a sufficient concentration of nicotinamide. Quantitative studies on inhibition of peptide bond formation in cell-free extracts by toxin and NAD have indicated that two successive reversible reactions are involved. First, toxin and NAD interact mole for mole to form a relatively dissociable complex. This toxin-NAD complex then reacts with transferase II to form an enzymatically inactive product that is but slightly dissociated. In the presence of sufficient nicotinamide, however, the latter complex can be broken down to yield active transferase II once more. Based on the above model, an equation has been derived that accurately predicts the per cent inhibition of amino acid incorporation in cell-free systems at any given toxin and NAD level. The observed inhibition appears to be independent of the sensitivity to toxin of the cell species from which the extracts were derived, and depends only on the toxin and NAD concentrations. Although the model satisfactorily explains inhibition of peptide bond formation by toxin in cell-free systems, further assumptions are needed to explain how still lower concentrations of toxin are able to arrest protein synthesis completely in the living cell.
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