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Silver KI, Patkar S, Mazcko C, Berger EP, Beck JA, LeBlanc AK. Patterns of metastatic progression and association with clinical outcomes in canine osteosarcoma: A necropsy study of 83 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:646-655. [PMID: 37592810 PMCID: PMC10842475 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly metastatic primary bone tumour that occurs spontaneously in both pet dogs and humans. Patterns of metastasis to organs beyond the most common site (lung) are poorly characterised and it is unknown whether specific associations between patterns of metastatic progression and patient features exist. This retrospective study characterised the necropsy findings of 83 dogs receiving standardised therapy and clinical monitoring in a prospective clinical trial setting to document patterns of metastasis and correlate outcomes with these patterns and other patient and tumour-specific factors. A total of 20 different sites of metastasis were documented, with lung as the most common site, followed by bone, kidney, liver, and heart. Two distinct clusters of dogs were identified based on patterns of metastasis. There was no significant association between site of enrollment, trial arm, sex, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, or tumour location and clinical outcomes. A second cancer type was identified at necropsy in 10 dogs (10/83; 12%). These data showcase the extensive nature of osteosarcoma metastasis beyond the lung and provide a benchmark for clinical monitoring of the disease. Further, this study provides insight into transcriptional features of primary tumours that may relate to a propensity for osteosarcoma metastasis to specific organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Silver
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - S Patkar
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - C Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - E P Berger
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Comparative Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J A Beck
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Rosario CO, Musser ML, Yuan L, Mochel JP, Talbott J, Johannes CM, Berger EP. Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia) use in the treatment of feline pancreatic carcinoma. Can Vet J 2023; 64:1143-1148. [PMID: 38046430 PMCID: PMC10637710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To retrospectively assess the biological response in cats with pancreatic carcinoma treated with toceranib phosphate. Animals Twenty-six client-owned cats. Procedure Patient information from multiple institutions was solicited via an emailed REDCap survey. For inclusion, cats were required to have a confirmed diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma either by histopathology, cytology, or both; to have received treatment with toceranib phosphate; and to have adequate follow-up data for analysis. Results Twenty cats were treated for gross disease and 6 for microscopic disease/incomplete margins. Clinical benefit (complete response, partial response, or stable disease ≥ 10 wk) was observed in 9/20 cats treated in the gross disease setting (45%; complete response: n = 1, stable disease: n = 8). The remaining 11 cats with gross disease did not respond to toceranib phosphate. In the cats with microscopic disease, response was mixed. The median survival time for all cats was 97 d (range: 1 to 1666 d). Conclusion Toceranib phosphate was well-tolerated and provided modest clinical benefit to a subset of cats treated. Clinical relevance Although feline exocrine pancreatic carcinoma continues to be a challenging disease to treat, toceranib phosphate appeared to provide potential clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ortiz Rosario
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Margaret L Musser
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Lignan Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Jessica Talbott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
| | - Erika P Berger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science (Ortiz Rosario, Musser, Johannes, Berger) and Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science (Yuan, Mochel), Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA (Yuan, Mochel); Angell Animal Medical Center, 350 S. Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA (Talbott)
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Rassnick KM, Bailey DB, Kamstock DA, LeBlanc CJ, Berger EP, Flory AB, Kiselow MA, Intile JL, Malone EK, Regan RC, Musser ML, Yanda N, Johannes CM. Survival time for dogs with previously untreated, peripheral nodal, intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma treated with prednisone alone: the Canine Lymphoma Steroid Only trial. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:62-71. [PMID: 34125606 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate survival times for dogs with previously untreated, peripheral nodal, intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma treated with prednisone alone. ANIMALS 109 client-owned dogs recruited from 15 institutions in the United States. PROCEDURES Dogs were treated with prednisone at a dosage of 40 mg/m2, PO, once daily for 7 days and at a dosage of 20 mg/m2, PO, once daily thereafter. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed by owners with a visual analog scale when treatment was started (day 0), 1 and 2 weeks after treatment was started, and every 4 weeks thereafter. The primary outcome of interest was survival time as determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors potentially associated with survival time were examined. RESULTS Median overall survival time was 50 days (95% CI, 41 to 59 days). Factors associated with survival time included substage (a vs b) and immunophenotype (B cell vs T cell). Owner-assigned QOL scores on days 0 and 14 were significantly positively correlated with survival time. When QOL score was dichotomized, dogs with day 0 or day 14 QOL scores ≥ 50 had significantly longer survival times, compared with dogs with day 0 or day 14 QOL scores < 50. No variables were predictive of long-term (> 120 days) survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that survival times were short for dogs with previously untreated, peripheral nodal, intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma treated with prednisone alone. Owner-perceived QOL and clinician-assigned substage were both associated with survival time. Findings provide potentially important information for clinicians to discuss with owners of dogs with lymphoma at the time treatment decisions are made.
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LeBlanc AK, Mazcko CN, Cherukuri A, Berger EP, Kisseberth WC, Brown ME, Lana SE, Weishaar K, Flesner BK, Bryan JN, Vail DM, Burton JH, Willcox JL, Mutsaers AJ, Woods JP, Northrup NC, Saba C, Curran KM, Leeper H, Wilson-Robles H, Wustefeld-Janssens BG, Lindley S, Smith AN, Dervisis N, Klahn S, Higginbotham ML, Wouda RM, Krick E, Mahoney JA, London CA, Barber LG, Balkman CE, McCleary-Wheeler AL, Suter SE, Martin O, Borgatti A, Burgess K, Childress MO, Fidel JL, Allstadt SD, Gustafson DL, Selmic LE, Khanna C, Fan TM. Adjuvant Sirolimus Does Not Improve Outcome in Pet Dogs Receiving Standard-of-Care Therapy for Appendicular Osteosarcoma: A Prospective, Randomized Trial of 324 Dogs. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3005-3016. [PMID: 33753454 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mTOR pathway has been identified as a key nutrient signaling hub that participates in metastatic progression of high-grade osteosarcoma. Inhibition of mTOR signaling is biologically achievable with sirolimus, and might slow the outgrowth of distant metastases. In this study, pet dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were leveraged as high-value biologic models for pediatric osteosarcoma, to assess mTOR inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for attenuating metastatic disease progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 324 pet dogs diagnosed with treatment-naïve appendicular osteosarcoma were randomized into a two-arm, multicenter, parallel superiority trial whereby dogs received amputation of the affected limb, followed by adjuvant carboplatin chemotherapy ± oral sirolimus therapy. The primary outcome measure was disease-free interval (DFI), as assessed by serial physical and radiologic detection of emergent macroscopic metastases; secondary outcomes included overall 1- and 2-year survival rates, and sirolimus pharmacokinetic variables and their correlative relationship to adverse events and clinical outcomes. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the median DFI or overall survival between the two arms of this trial; the median DFI and survival for standard-of-care (SOC; defined as amputation and carboplatin therapy) dogs was 180 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 144-237] and 282 days (95% CI, 224-383) and for SOC + sirolimus dogs, it was 204 days (95% CI, 157-217) and 280 days (95% CI, 252-332), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In a population of pet dogs nongenomically segmented for predicted mTOR inhibition response, sequentially administered adjuvant sirolimus, although well tolerated when added to a backbone of therapy, did not extend DFI or survival in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Christina N Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aswini Cherukuri
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erika P Berger
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Comparative Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William C Kisseberth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Megan E Brown
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Susan E Lana
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kristen Weishaar
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brian K Flesner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jenna H Burton
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jennifer L Willcox
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole C Northrup
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Corey Saba
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kaitlin M Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Haley Leeper
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Heather Wilson-Robles
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Brandan G Wustefeld-Janssens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephanie Lindley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Wilford and Kate Bailey Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Annette N Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Wilford and Kate Bailey Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Nikolaos Dervisis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia.,ICATS Center for Engineered Health, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Shawna Klahn
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Mary Lynn Higginbotham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Raelene M Wouda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Erika Krick
- Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer A Mahoney
- Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cheryl A London
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa G Barber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Cheryl E Balkman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Angela L McCleary-Wheeler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York
| | - Steven E Suter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Olya Martin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Antonella Borgatti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Kristine Burgess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Michael O Childress
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Janean L Fidel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Sara D Allstadt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chand Khanna
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, Massachusetts.,Ethos Discovery, San Diego, California
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois. .,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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LeBlanc AK, Atherton M, Bentley RT, Boudreau CE, Burton JH, Curran KM, Dow S, Giuffrida MA, Kellihan HB, Mason NJ, Oblak M, Selmic LE, Selting KA, Singh A, Tjostheim S, Vail DM, Weishaar KM, Berger EP, Rossmeisl JH, Mazcko C. Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (VCOG-CTCAE v2) following investigational therapy in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:311-352. [PMID: 33427378 PMCID: PMC8248125 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The updated VCOG-CTCAE v2 guidelines contain several important updates and additions since the last update (v1.1) was released in 2011 and published within Veterinary and Comparative Oncology in 2016. As the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG) is no longer an active entity, the original authors and contributors to the VCOG-CTCAE v1.0 and v1.1 were consulted for input, and additional co-authors sought for expansion and refinement of the adverse event (AE) categories. VCOG-CTCAE v2 includes expanded neurology, cardiac and immunologic AE sections, and the addition of procedural-specific AEs. It is our intent that, through inclusion of additional authors from ACVIM subspecialties and the American College of Veterinary Surgery, that we can more comprehensively capture AEs that are observed during clinical studies conducted across a variety of disease states, clinical scenarios, and body systems. It is also our intent that these updated veterinary CTCAE guidelines will offer improved application and ease of use within veterinary practice in general, as well as within clinical trials that assess new therapeutic strategies for animals with a variety of diseases. Throughout the revision process, we strived to ensure the grading structure for each AE category was reflective of the decision-making process applied to determination of dose-limiting events. As phase I trial decisions are based on these criteria and ultimately determine the maximally tolerated dose, there is impact on standard dosing recommendations for any new drug registration or application. This document should be updated regularly to reflect ongoing application to clinical studies carried out in veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K LeBlanc
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Atherton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - C Elizabeth Boudreau
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jenna H Burton
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Michelle A Giuffrida
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heidi B Kellihan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle Oblak
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kimberly A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ameet Singh
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonja Tjostheim
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristen M Weishaar
- Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Erika P Berger
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Comparative Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Christina Mazcko
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Musser ML, Berger EP, Tripp CD, Clifford CA, Bergman PJ, Johannes CM. Safety evaluation of the canine osteosarcoma vaccine, live Listeria vector. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 19:92-98. [PMID: 32729979 PMCID: PMC7891610 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive bone tumour in dogs. Standard‐of‐care treatment typically results in relatively short survival times; thus, alternative treatments are needed to confer a survival advantage. It has been shown that OSA is an immunogenic tumour, suggesting that immune modulation may result in superior outcomes. A cryopreserved, Listeria‐based OSA vaccine was recently developed and an initial study in dogs reported prolonged survival for patients receiving the vaccine in conjunction with standard‐of‐care. The goal of the current observational study was to report on the safety of the lyophilized formulation of this vaccine (the canine OSA vaccine, live Listeria vector [COV‐LLV]) in a group of dogs previously diagnosed with OSA. Forty‐nine (49) dogs received the COV‐LLV and were included for analysis. Adverse events (AEs) noted during and after vaccinations were recorded. The AEs observed were typically mild and self‐limiting, with nausea, lethargy and fever being most common. Four dogs (8%) cultured positive for Listeria (three infections including an amputation site abscess, septic stifle joint and bacterial cystitis; and one dog whose lungs cultured Listeria‐positive on necropsy within 24 hours of COV‐LLV administration). These cases join the previously reported Listeria‐positive thoracic abscess that developed in a canine following use of COV‐LLV. Although uncommon, it is important to realize this clinically significant AE is possible in patients treated with live therapeutic Listeria vaccines. As Listeria is zoonotic, caution is required not only for the patient receiving the vaccine, but also for the health care workers and family caring for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Musser
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Erika P Berger
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Chelsea D Tripp
- Oncology Service, Bridge Animal Referral Center, Edmonds, Washington, USA
| | - Craig A Clifford
- Oncology Service, Hope Veterinary Specialists, Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip J Bergman
- VCA Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Clinical Studies and Oncology Service, Bedford Hills, New York, USA.,Adjunct Faculty Member, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Musser ML, Berger EP, Parsons C, Kathariou S, Johannes CM. Vaccine strain Listeria monocytogenes abscess in a dog: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:467. [PMID: 31864375 PMCID: PMC6925890 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes is a promising therapeutic vaccine vector for cancer immunotherapy. Although highly attenuated, three cases of systemic listeriosis have been reported in people following treatment with Listeria-based therapeutic vaccines. This complication has thus far not been reported in canine patients. Case presentation A dog previously diagnosed with osteoblastic osteosarcoma was presented for care following administration of three doses of the Canine Osteosarcoma Vaccine-Live Listeria Vector. On routine staging chest radiographs, mild sternal lymphadenopathy and a right caudoventral thoracic mass effect were noted. Further evaluation of the mass effect with computed tomography and ultrasound revealed a cavitated mass associated with the 7th right rib. Aspirates of the mass cultured positive for Listeria monocytogenes. The mass and associated ribs were surgically removed. Histopathology was consistent with metastatic osteoblastic osteosarcoma. Treatment was continued with doxorubicin chemotherapy and at the time of publication, the dog was alive over 1 year following diagnosis with no evidence of further disease progression. Genotyping of the abscess-derived L. monocytogenes was consistent with the vaccine strain. Conclusions This case represents the first veterinary case to describe development of a Listeria abscess following administration of a Listeria-based therapeutic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Musser
- Iowa State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Erika P Berger
- Iowa State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Cameron Parsons
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Iowa State University, Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Berger EP, Johannes CM, Jergens AE, Allenspach K, Powers BE, Du Y, Mochel JP, Fox LE, Musser ML. Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) use in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:2045-2053. [PMID: 30307656 PMCID: PMC6271363 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are uncommon intestinal neoplasms in the dog. Literature regarding adjunctive therapy for GISTs in dogs is sparse. High‐risk GISTs in humans respond to tyrosine kinase inhibition in the adjuvant setting. Objectives To review cases of toceranib phosphate use in dogs with GISTs and provide initial assessment of possible biological activity. A secondary aim was to evaluate patient and tumor characteristics for possible prognostic value. Animals Twenty‐seven dogs with confirmed GISTs based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry treated with toceranib. Methods Retrospective study in which cases of toceranib use in dogs with GIST were solicited using the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Oncology and Small Animal Internal Medicine listservs. Results Five of 7 dogs with gross disease experienced clinical benefit (71%; 3 complete responses, 1 partial response, 1 stable disease). These included 2 dogs with durable responses after toceranib discontinuation. Median progression‐free interval (PFI) in dogs with gross disease was 110 weeks (range, 36‐155 weeks). Median PFI in dogs with microscopic disease was 67 weeks (range, 9‐257 weeks). Metastasis at diagnosis (P = 0.04) and high mitotic index (P < 0.001) were associated with shorter PFI in toceranib‐treated dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Biological activity of toceranib is evident in dogs with gross disease. Metastasis of GIST at diagnosis, as well as high tumor mitotic index, was associated with shorter PFI in toceranib‐treated dogs. Larger studies are needed to define postsurgical risk and refine the use of toceranib in dogs with gross and microscopic GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Berger
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Barbara E Powers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Yingzhou Du
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Leslie E Fox
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
| | - Margaret L Musser
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, Iowa
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Berger EP, Johannes CM, Post GS, Rothchild G, Shiu KB, Wetzel S, Fox LE. Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia) use in cats with mast cell neoplasia. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 20:95-102. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17695898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to solicit and compile data from practicing veterinary specialists regarding their use of toceranib in cats with mast cell neoplasia and to provide initial assessment of possible clinical benefit and adverse events. Methods The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Oncology listservs were used to solicit data pertaining to cases in which toceranib was used in the treatment of feline mast cell neoplasia. Cases were included if the following data were received: signalment (age, sex, breed), diagnosis of mast cell neoplasia by either cytology or histopathology, anatomic classification of disease (cutaneous, splenic/hepatic, gastrointestinal, other), previous and concurrent treatment, toceranib dose (mg/kg) and schedule, duration of therapy, best response and documentation of adverse events. Results Case data from 50 cats with cutaneous (n = 22), splenic/hepatic (visceral) (n = 10), gastrointestinal (n = 17) or other (n = 1) mast cell neoplasia were received. Clinical benefit was seen in 80% (40/50), including 86% (19/22) with cutaneous, 80% (8/10) with visceral and 76% (13/17) with gastrointestinal involvement. A majority of cats (n = 35) received glucocorticoids during toceranib treatment. Median duration of treatment in cats experiencing clinical benefit was 36 weeks (range 4–106 weeks), 48 weeks (range 12–199 weeks) and 23 weeks (range 13-81 weeks) for cutaneous, visceral and gastrointestinal cases, respectively. Toceranib was administered at a median dose of 2.5 mg/kg (range 1.6–3.5 mg/kg); in 90% (45/50) the drug was given three times per week. Treatment was generally well tolerated with 60% (30/50) of cats experiencing adverse events. The majority of these events were low-grade (grade 1 or 2) gastrointestinal or hematologic events that resolved with treatment break and/or dose adjustment. Conclusions and relevance Toceranib appears to be well tolerated in feline patients with mast cell neoplasia. Biologic activity of this drug is evident in the studied cats; however, further prospective studies are needed to elucidate fully its role in treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Berger
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Kai-Biu Shiu
- Veterinary Emergency Service/Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Wetzel
- Veterinary Emergency Service/Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, WI, USA
| | - Leslie E Fox
- Iowa State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA
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Evans KC, Berger EP, Cho CG, Weisgraber KH, Lansbury PT. Apolipoprotein E is a kinetic but not a thermodynamic inhibitor of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:763-7. [PMID: 7846048 PMCID: PMC42700 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.3.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele is associated with an early age of onset of the nonfamilial form of Alzheimer disease (AD) and with increased beta protein amyloid deposition in the brain. These two observations may both arise from an effect of the apoE family of proteins on the rate of in vivo amyloidogenesis. We report here that apoE3, the common apoE isoform, is an in vitro amyloid nucleation inhibitor at physiological concentrations. A significant delay in the onset of amyloid fibril formation by the beta-amyloid protein of AD (beta 1-40) was observed at a low apoE3 concentration (40 nM), corresponding to an apoE3/beta protein molar ratio of 1:1000. The inhibitory activity of a proteolytic fragment of apoE3, containing the N-terminal 191 amino acids, is comparable to the native protein, whereas the C-terminal fragment has no activity. ApoE4 is equipotent or slightly less potent than apoE3, which may be due to its inability to form a disulfide dimer, since the apoE3 dimer is a significantly more potent nucleation inhibitor than apoE4. Neither apoE3 nor apoE4 inhibits the seeded growth of amyloid or affects the solubility or structure of the amyloid fibrils, indicating that apoE is not a thermodynamic amyloid inhibitor. We propose that the linkage between the APOE4 allele and AD reflects the reduced ability of APOE4 homozygotes to suppress in vivo amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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Abstract
The beta amyloid protein found in extracellular deposits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is heterogeneous at its C-terminus; proteins ending at residues 40, 42, and 43 have been identified in neuritic deposits, while protein in vascular amyloid appears to end at residue 39 or 40. Studies of synthetic beta proteins (beta 1-39, beta 1-40, beta 1-42), and model peptides (beta 26-39, beta 26-40, beta 26-42, beta 26-43) demonstrate that amyloid formation is a nucleation-dependent phenomenon. Peptides ending at residues 39 or 40 were kinetically soluble for hours to days, while peptides ending at residues 42 or 43 aggregated immediately; all eventually reached similar thermodynamic solubility. The kinetically soluble variants could be seeded with the kinetically insoluble variants. The secondary structure of beta 26-39 fibrils was different from that of beta 26-42 fibrils, however, seeding beta 26-39 with beta 26-42 produces mixed fibrils with structure similar to beta 26-42. These results suggest that neuritic plaques may be seeded by their minor component; this may determine the structure and properties of amyloid in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Jarrett
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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Jarrett JT, Berger EP, Lansbury PT. The carboxy terminus of the beta amyloid protein is critical for the seeding of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry 1993; 32:4693-7. [PMID: 8490014 DOI: 10.1021/bi00069a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1435] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several variants of the beta amyloid protein, differing only at their carboxy terminus (beta 1-39, beta 1-40, beta 1-42, and beta 1-43), have been identified as the major components of the cerebral amyloid deposits which are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Kinetic studies of aggregation by three naturally occurring beta protein variants (beta 1-39, beta 1-40, beta 1-42) and four model peptides (beta 26-39, beta 26-40, beta 26-42, beta 26-43) demonstrate that amyloid formation, like crystallization, is a nucleation-dependent phenomenon. This discovery has practical consequences for studies of the beta amyloid protein. The length of the C-terminus is a critical determinant of the rate of amyloid formation ("kinetic solubility") but has only a minor effect on the thermodynamic solubility. Amyloid formation by the kinetically soluble peptides (e.g., beta 1-39, beta 1-40, beta 26-39, beta 26-40) can be nucleated, or "seeded", by peptides which include the critical C-terminal residues (beta 1-42, beta 26-42, beta 26-43, beta 34-42). These results suggest that nucleation may be the rate-determining step of in vivo amyloidogenesis and that beta 1-42 and/or beta 1-43, rather than beta 1-40, may be the pathogenic protein(s) in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Jarrett
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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