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Chonka T, Endashaw G, Zerihun E, Beyene Shashamo B. Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards hepatitis B and C virus infection and associated factors among adults living at selected woredas in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:995. [PMID: 38594686 PMCID: PMC11005261 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver tissue. It is one of the serious public health problems. Though an individuals' knowledge, attitude, and practice level is very vital in order to ensure the control of its adverse health impacts, little is known regarding these issues in the community level. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards hepatitis B and C virus infection and associated factors among adults living at selected woredas in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 633 adults living at selected woredas in Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected by pretested, well-structured questionnaire. The collected data were checked, coded and entered into Epi-data version 4.6.0.2 and were exported to SPSS version 25 for analyses. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were done to identify independent factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice towards hepatitis B and C virus infection. RESULTS According to this study, 366(58.1%), 95% CI: (54.23-61.96) of the participants had good knowledge. 381(60.5%), 95% CI: (56.65-64.30) of the participants had favourable attitude. 317(50.3%), 95% CI: (46.40-54.23) of the participants had good practice. From factor analysis, sex, number of sexual partners, sharing sharp material, and vaccination status were significantly associated with knowledge; residence, occupational status, income level, sharing sharp material, and vaccination status were significantly associated with attitude; and residence, occupational status, and vaccination status were identified to be significantly associated with practice towards Hepatitis B and C virus infection. CONCLUSION Based on the study findings, it could be observed that good knowledge, favourable attitude, and good practice were indicated nearly above the half, only by half, and nearly above the half of the study participants respectively. Implementing actions that could increase awareness regarding limiting the number of sexual partner, not sharing sharp materials, and urbanization is recommended. Moreover, woreda administrators, and other related authorities should consider knowledge, attitude, and practice as an implementation area, and also it would be better to create an opportunities to promote vaccination practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiru Chonka
- School of Nursing, Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Gesila Endashaw
- School of Nursing, Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Zerihun
- School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Beyene Shashamo
- School of Nursing, Department of Comprehensive Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Boti Sidamo N, Hussen S, Shegaze Shimbre M, Zerihun E, Godana Boynito W, Abebe S, Shibiru T, Shibiru S, Gebretsadik W, Desalegn N, Oumer B, Temesgen Birgoda G, Abdulkadir H. Effectiveness of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education on healthy sexual behaviors among year one students at Arba Minch University: A quasi-experimental study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288582. [PMID: 37906542 PMCID: PMC10617698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health education (CBSRHE) is one of the preventive strategies targeting youth in higher institutions to protect them from sexual and reproductive health problems, despite never assessing the effect in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of CBSRHE on knowledge and attitude about SRH services to have safer sexual behaviors among first-year students of Arba Minch University. METHOD We conducted a quasi-experimental study among purposively selected campuses. The campuses were allocated to (i) an intervention arm consisting of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health, or (ii) a control arm for those who were free from intervention. Data was collected, at baseline and immediately after the intervention ended by using a structured self-administered questionnaire. To compare differences in the change from baseline to post-intervention between the two arms we use the chi-square test and independent-samples t-test. To see the effect of the CBSRHE by controlling the effect confounding inverse probability-weighted analysis was conducted. RESULT A total of 832 and 820 students participated in a baseline and post-test respectively. The proportion of youth who practice receptive penetrative sex decreases from 40.9% to 28.3% in the intervention arm compared to 37.6% to 37.3% in the non-intervention arm between baseline and end line, with statistically significant differences between groups. However, there are statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of changes in contraception utilization (X2 = 1.21; P>0.05). Furthermore, there were significant improvements in knowledge and attitude among the intervention arm a comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS (ATE = 0.22,95% CI, 0.14 to 0.29; p < 0.01), an average change of attitude toward HIV/AIDS(ATE = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.47; p < 0.01), comprehensive condom knowledge score (ATE = 0.23, 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.33; p < 0.01) and the average change of attitude toward condom score (ATE = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.77; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION It was found that there was a significant difference in knowledge and attitude toward a disk sexual behaviors among r one student. This implies that the educational authority o the country can gain through the adoption of courses to all universities across the country, besides doing further comparative studies to determine the long-term effect of the course supported with models and/or theories like the theory of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negussie Boti Sidamo
- Arba Minch University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Sultan Hussen
- Arba Minch University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Shegaze Shimbre
- Arba Minch University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Eshetu Zerihun
- Arba Minch University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Wanzahun Godana Boynito
- Arba Minch University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Abebe
- Arba Minch University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tamiru Shibiru
- Arba Minch University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Simon Shibiru
- Department of Biology, Arba Minch University, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Woyinshet Gebretsadik
- Arba Minch University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Nathan Desalegn
- Arba Minch University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Bilcha Oumer
- Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch Health sciences college, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | | | - Hanan Abdulkadir
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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Tsegaye B, Girma E, Kanko T, Shibru T, Hailu T, Abebe S, Zerihun E, Manilal A, Agedew E. Sero-prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among the consumers of the alcoholic beverage, cheka in Konso zone, southwestern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05664. [PMID: 33319109 PMCID: PMC7725728 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic and partially double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that causes the immune-mediated killing of infected liver cells. It is a public health conundrum due to its considerable morbidity and mortality. Cheka is a cereal and vegetable-based fermented beverage that is consumed as a key dietary component in the southwestern parts of Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and associated risk factors among cheka consumers in the Konso community, southwest of Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 633 cheka consumers between October 01, 2018, and May 31, 2019. The socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. HBV infection was screened using immune-chromatographic strip tests and positive results were further confirmed with ELISA. RESULTS The prevalence of HBV was found to be 18.2% (95% CI, 15.1-21.5). Gender (male) (AOR = 1.757:95% CI, 1.009-3.059), age (35-44 yrs), (AOR = 4.123:95% CI, 1.718-9.892), nature of the job (daily laborer) (AOR = 4.551:95% CI, 1.115-18.57), awareness about the transmission of the disease (AOR = 2.056:95% CI, 1.074-3.934) and previous history of contacts with patients having liver diseases (AOR = 2.496:95% CI, 1.187-5.248) were identified as factors which are being significantly associated with the HBV infection. CONCLUSIONS Very high endemic levels of HBV infection are identified in the study. Male participants of age between 35 and 44 years, who are daily laborers and are aware of HBV transmission, with a previous history of contacts with patients having liver diseases were even at higher risk of HBV infection. The need for more research to find the links between cheka consumption and other mechanisms of HBV cross-infection in these communities is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behailu Tsegaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eyayou Girma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Kanko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tamiru Shibru
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tadiwos Hailu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Sntayehu Abebe
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Zerihun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Aseer Manilal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eskezyiaw Agedew
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Boti N, Hussen S, Shegaze M, Shibru S, Shibiru T, Zerihun E, Godana W, Abebe S, Gebretsadik W, Desalegn N, Temtime Z. Effects of comprehensive sexuality education on the comprehensive knowledge and attitude to condom use among first-year students in Arba Minch University: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:700. [PMID: 31655627 PMCID: PMC6815450 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of comprehensive sexuality education on the comprehensive knowledge and attitude to condom use among first-year students at Arba Minch University. Results A total of 832 students participated at a baseline, and 820 students participated at the posttest. This study found that there was a significant effect on changing students’ knowledge and attitude towards a condom. In the education group, the students’ average change of comprehensive condom knowledge score was 0.229 higher than the average score of students’ in the control group (ATE = 0.229, 95% CI 0.132 to 0.328; p < 0.001). The average change of attitude toward condom score of students’ in the education group was 1.834 higher than the average change score of students’ in the control group (ATE = 1.834, 95% CI 1.195 to 2.772; p < 0.001).This study provides further evidence on the effectiveness of comprehensive sexuality education in terms of knowledge and attitude towards a condom. Therefore, the implementation of this education should be strengthened in order the prevent youths from STI/HIV and unintended pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negussie Boti
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Sultan Hussen
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Shegaze
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Simon Shibru
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tamiru Shibiru
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Zerihun
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Wanzahun Godana
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Abebe
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Woyinshet Gebretsadik
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Nathan Desalegn
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Zebene Temtime
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Degefa N, Tariku B, Bancha T, Amana G, Hajo A, Kusse Y, Zerihun E, Aschalew Z. Breast Feeding Practice: Positioning and Attachment during Breast Feeding among Lactating Mothers Visiting Health Facility in Areka Town, Southern Ethiopia. Int J Pediatr 2019; 2019:8969432. [PMID: 31080479 PMCID: PMC6475560 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8969432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is the act of milk conveyance from the mother to the infant. Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood are mandatory to ensure growth, health, and development of children to their maximum potential. The positioning of the baby's body is important for maintaining good attachment and successful breastfeeding. Most difficulties of breastfeeding can be avoided altogether if good attachment and positioning can be achieved at the first and early feeds. Plenty of studies have been conducted to explore factors affecting breastfeeding practice in general; however, there is a meagerness of evidence that assesses factors affecting attachment and positioning during breastfeeding specifically. Therefore, the current study was aimed to assess positioning and attachment during breastfeeding among lactating mothers visiting health facilities of Areka town. METHODS an institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using observational checklist adopted from the World Health Organization breastfeeding observation form. Maternal-related characteristics were collected by using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The study was conducted from April to June 2017. Respondents were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive summaries were done to present pertinent findings and a chi-square test was used to check association between variables. RESULT There was poorer positioning among primipara mothers (47.1%) than multipara mothers (28.7%). A poor attachment was also more apparent among primipara mothers which were more (31.1%) than the multipara (27.1%) mothers. CONCLUSION Younger mothers (<20 years old), the primipara, and those who have no formal education deserve more attention, support, and direction to make sure that they can achieve proper positioning and attachment during breastfeeding at the first and early feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nega Degefa
- Nursing Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Befikadu Tariku
- Public Health Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Takalign Bancha
- Nursing Department Students, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Gizachew Amana
- Nursing Department Students, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Abdo Hajo
- Nursing Department Students, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Yisehak Kusse
- Nursing Department Students, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Zerihun
- Public Health Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Aschalew
- Nursing Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Tekle M, Tariku B, Alagaw A, Zerihun E, Bekele HW. Exploring Reasons for Low Attendance of Mothers to Growth Monitoring and Promotion Program at Loka Abaya District, Southern Ethiopia: Exploratory Qualitative Study. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:3510649. [PMID: 30918722 PMCID: PMC6409037 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3510649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different organizations in Ethiopia are currently working on prevention and promotion activities to fight malnutrition among children through a community-based nutrition program. One of these activities with little success is growth monitoring and promotion (GMP). Exploring the reason and better understanding of low attendance of mothers to the GMP program can help to improve the program by incorporating finding. The aim of the study was to explore reasons for low attendance to the GMP program among mothers of under-two children. METHOD An exploratory qualitative study design was used to unearth reasons for low attendance of mothers with under-2-year-old child to the GMP program. In-depth interviews were carried out with 13 mothers. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis approach. RESULT Mothers perceived that GMP is (meant) for unhealthy children (only). Again mothers mentioned community dishonor of mothers with wasted children and method of weighing a child as a community-related reason for low attendance to the GMP program. They also indicated that there was no community conversation and weak counseling of the mothers about child feeding and growth. Perception about "evil eye" was also indicated as a reason for lower attendance of the program. CONCLUSION Mothers showed that there was lack of knowledge about GMP. Limited community conversation and weak counseling about child nutrition as a GMP program were explored reasons for low attendance. Other reasons mentioned by the mothers were consideration of "evil eye" and method of weighing a child. Further research is needed to explore the implementation of GMP by health workers and to evaluate the extent of the identified reasons for low attendance to the GMP program by the mother.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Befikadu Tariku
- Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Alagaw
- Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Zerihun
- Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Wondiye Bekele
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Alemu G, Aschalew Z, Zerihun E. Burden of intestinal helminths and associated factors three years after initiation of mass drug administration in Arbaminch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:435. [PMID: 30157789 PMCID: PMC6114701 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological information on the burden of various parasitic infections and associated factors in different localities is indispensable to develop appropriate control and prevention measures as well as to monitor and evaluate existing programs. Hence the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal helminths among school age children in Arbaminch Zuria district, Southern Ethiopia. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 391 primary school age children. Participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data about socio-demographic characteristics and perceived factors associated with intestinal parasitosis. Stool microscopic examination was done following standard protocol. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22. RESULTS Among 391 children participated, 181 (46.3%; 95% CI: 41.9-51.5) were infected with intestinal helminths. The magnitudes of single and double infections were 40.2% and 6.1% respectively. Seven helminths were detected among which Ascaris lumbricoides was with the highest frequency (56, 14.3%) followed by hookworms (55, 14.1%). Not washing fruits and vegetables before consumption (AOR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.10-4.25, p = 0.026) and habit of swimming (AOR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.03-1.95, p = 0.045) were significantly associated with helminthic infection. CONCLUSION High prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections among school age children demands integration of deworming with water, hygiene and sanitation as well as consistent health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getaneh Alemu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Zeleke Aschalew
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Zerihun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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