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Zilian E, Saragih H, Vijayan V, Hiller O, Figueiredo C, Aljabri A, Blasczyk R, Theilmeier G, Becker JU, Larmann J, Immenschuh S. Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibits HLA Class I Antibody-Dependent Endothelial Cell Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145306. [PMID: 26690352 PMCID: PMC4686182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a key limiting factor for long-term graft survival in solid organ transplantation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (HLA I) antibodies (Abs) play a major role in the pathogenesis of AMR via their interactions with HLA molecules on vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase (HO)-1 has anti-inflammatory functions in the endothelium. As complement-independent effects of HLA I Abs can activate ECs, it was the goal of the current study to investigate the role of HO-1 on activation of human ECs by HLA I Abs. In cell cultures of various primary human macro- and microvascular ECs treatment with monoclonal pan- and allele-specific HLA I Abs up-regulated the expression of inducible proinflammatory adhesion molecules and chemokines (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1], intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], interleukin-8 [IL-8] and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1]). Pharmacological induction of HO-1 with cobalt-protoporphyrin IX reduced, whereas inhibition of HO-1 with either zinc-protoporphyrin IX or siRNA-mediated knockdown increased HLA I Ab-dependent up-regulation of VCAM-1. Treatment with two carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules, which liberate the gaseous HO product CO, blocked HLA I Ab-dependent EC activation. Finally, in an in vitro adhesion assay exposure of ECs to HLA I Abs led to increased monocyte binding, which was counteracted by up-regulation of HO-1. In conclusion, HLA I Ab-dependent EC activation is modulated by endothelial HO-1 and targeted induction of this enzyme may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of AMR in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zilian
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hendry Saragih
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Hiller
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Abid Aljabri
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Theilmeier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Ulrich Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Larmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Zilian E, Saragih H, Hiller O, Aljabri A, Figueiredo C, Blasczyk R, Theilmeier G, Becker JU, Larmann J, Immenschuh S. OR17 Heme oxygenase-1 modulates HLA class I antibody-dependent endothelial cell activation. Hum Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Immenschuh S, Zilian E, Daemmrich ME, Gwinner W, Becker JU, Blume CA. Indicators of rituximab responsiveness in antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation. Hum Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bunse CE, Fortmeier V, Tischer S, Zilian E, Figueiredo C, Witte T, Blasczyk R, Immenschuh S, Eiz-Vesper B. Modulation of heme oxygenase-1 by metalloporphyrins increases anti-viral T cell responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:265-76. [PMID: 25196646 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the inducible isoform of HO, has immunomodulatory functions and is considered a target for therapeutic interventions. In the present study, we investigated whether modulation of HO-1 might have regulatory effects on in-vitro T cell activation. The study examined whether: (i) HO-1 induction by cobalt-protoporphyrin (CoPP) or inhibition by tin-mesoporphyrin (SnMP) can affect expansion and function of virus-specific T cells, (ii) HO-1 modulation might have a functional effect on other cell populations mediating effects on proliferating T cells [e.g. dendritic cells (DCs), regulatory T cells (T(regs)) and natural killer cells] and (iii) HO-1-modulated anti-viral T cells might be suitable for adoptive immunotherapy. Inhibition of HO-1 via SnMP in cytomegalovirus (CMV)pp65-peptide-pulsed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) led to increased anti-viral T cell activation and the generation of a higher proportion of effector memory T cells (CD45RA(-) CD62L(-)) with increased capability to secrete interferon (IFN)-γ and granzyme B. T(reg) depletion and SnMP exposure increased the number of anti-viral T cells 15-fold. To test the possibility that HO-1 modulation might be clinically applicable in conformity with good manufacturing practice (GMP), SnMP was tested in isolated anti-viral T cells using the cytokine secretion assay. Compared to control, SnMP treatment resulted in higher cell counts and purity without negative impact on quality and effector function [CD107a, IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were stable]. These results suggest an important role of HO-1 in the modulation of adaptive immune responses. HO-1 inhibition resulted in markedly more effective generation of functionally active T cells suitable for adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Bunse
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Transplantation - IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Dorresteijn MJ, Paine A, Zilian E, Fenten MGE, Frenzel E, Janciauskiene S, Figueiredo C, Eiz-Vesper B, Blasczyk R, Dekker D, Pennings B, Scharstuhl A, Smits P, Larmann J, Theilmeier G, van der Hoeven JG, Wagener FADTG, Pickkers P, Immenschuh S. Cell-type-specific downregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by lipopolysaccharide via Bach1 in primary human mononuclear cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:224-32. [PMID: 25463280 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is the inducible isoform of the heme-degrading enzyme HO, which is upregulated by multiple stress stimuli. HO-1 has major immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects via its cell-type-specific functions in mononuclear cells. Contradictory findings have been reported on HO-1 regulation by the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in these cells. Therefore, we reinvestigated the effects of LPS on HO-1 gene expression in human and murine mononuclear cells in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, LPS downregulated HO-1 in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD14(+) monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes, but upregulated this enzyme in primary murine macrophages and human monocytic leukemia cell lines. Furthermore, experiments with human CD14(+) monocytes revealed that activation of other TLRs including TLR1, -2, -5, -6, -8, and -9 decreased HO-1 mRNA expression. LPS-dependent downregulation of HO-1 was specific, because expression of cyclooxygenase-2, NADP(H)-quinone oxidoreductase-1, and peroxiredoxin-1 was increased under the same experimental conditions. Notably, LPS upregulated expression of Bach1, a critical transcriptional repressor of HO-1. Moreover, knockdown of this nuclear factor enhanced basal and LPS-dependent HO-1 expression in mononuclear cells. Finally, downregulation of HO-1 in response to LPS was confirmed in PBMCs from human individuals subjected to experimental endotoxemia. In conclusion, LPS downregulates HO-1 expression in primary human mononuclear cells via a Bach1-mediated pathway. As LPS-dependent HO-1 regulation is cell-type- and species-specific, experimental findings in cell lines and animal models need careful interpretation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Down-Regulation
- Endotoxemia/drug therapy
- Endotoxemia/enzymology
- Endotoxemia/pathology
- Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins/genetics
- Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Mice
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/enzymology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirrin J Dorresteijn
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ananta Paine
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Zilian
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maaike G E Fenten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eileen Frenzel
- Department of Internal Medicine-Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30635 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Internal Medicine-Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30635 Hannover, Germany
| | - Constanca Figueiredo
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Douwe Dekker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Pennings
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin Scharstuhl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Smits
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Larmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Theilmeier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes G van der Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Nijmegen Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Nijmegen Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Saragih H, Zilian E, Jaimes Y, Paine A, Figueiredo C, Eiz-Vesper B, Blasczyk R, Larmann J, Theilmeier G, Burg-Roderfeld M, Andrei-Selmer LC, Becker JU, Santoso S, Immenschuh S. PECAM-1-dependent heme oxygenase-1 regulation via an Nrf2-mediated pathway in endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost 2014; 111:1077-88. [PMID: 24500083 DOI: 10.1160/th13-11-0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which catalyses the first and rate-limiting step of heme degradation, has major anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects via its cell-type-specific functions in the endothelium. In the current study, we investigated whether the key endothelial adhesion and signalling receptor PECAM-1 (CD31) might be involved in the regulation of HO-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells (ECs). To this end PECAM-1 expression was down-regulated in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) by an adenoviral vector-based knockdown approach. PECAM-1 knockdown markedly induced HO-1, but not the constitutive HO isoform HO-2. Nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), which is a master regulator of the inducible antioxidant cell response, and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in PECAM-1-deficient HUVECs, respectively. PECAM-1-dependent HO-1 regulation was also examined in PECAM-1 over-expressing Chinese hamster ovary and murine L-cells. Endogenous HO-1 gene expression and reporter gene activity of transiently transfected luciferase HO-1 promoter constructs with Nrf2 target sequences were decreased in PECAM-1 over-expressing cells. Moreover, a regulatory role of ROS for HO-1 regulation in these cells is demonstrated by studies with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and exogenous hydrogenperoxide. Finally, direct interaction of PECAM-1 with a native complex of its binding partner NB1 (CD177) and serine proteinase 3 (PR3) from human neutrophils, markedly induced HO-1 expression in HUVECs. Taken together, we demonstrate a functional link between HO-1 gene expression and PECAM-1 in human ECs, which might play a critical role in the regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephan Immenschuh
- Dr. Stephan Immenschuh, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany, Tel.: +49 511 532 6704, Fax: +49 511 532 2079, E-mail:
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Bröcker V, Hirzallah M, Gwinner W, Bockmeyer CL, Wittig J, Zell S, Agustian PA, Schwarz A, Ganzenmüller T, Zilian E, Immenschuh S, Becker JU. Histopathological and clinical findings in renal transplants with Banff type II and III acute cellular rejection without tubulointerstitial infiltrates. Virchows Arch 2013; 464:203-11. [PMID: 24374461 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
According to the Banff guidelines for renal transplants, pure endothelialitis without any tubulointerstitial infiltrates (with the Banff components v ≥ 1, i0, t0) has to be called acute cellular rejection (ACR). The pathophysiology of this rare lesion abbreviated as v_only is currently unclear, as well as its clinical, serological, and prognostic implications. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective comparative study. We compared all 23 biopsies with v_only from Hannover Medical School between 2003 and 2010 with 23 matched biopsies with the Banff components v ≥ 1, i ≥ 1, and t ≥ 1 (v_plus) and 23 biopsies with v0, i0, and t0 (v0i0t0). Serological (available in 10, 11, and 14 patients, respectively), histological, and clinical data were compared. Of all biopsies, 0.4 % had findings of v_only. v_only, v_plus, and v0i0t0 only showed minimal differences in the Banff components apart from the cohort-defining components. Endothelialitis in v_only more frequently involved the arcuate arteries than the smaller preglomerular vessels compared to v_plus and vice versa. Combining histopathological data and serological data, v_only more frequently showed criteria for acute humoral rejection than v0i0t0 (albeit not persistent after the Bonferroni-Holm correction in pairwise comparisons), while there was no difference between v_only and v_plus. No difference could be demonstrated regarding clinical presentation at biopsy or outcome. Our results show minimal differences regarding clinical presentation, outcome, and histological features between v_only and v_plus. Patients with v_only should be thoroughly investigated for evidence of acute humoral rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Bröcker
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Brocker V, Pfaffenbach A, Habicht A, Chatzikyrkou C, Kreipe HH, Haller H, Scheffner I, Gwinner W, Zilian E, Immenschuh S, Schwarz A, Horn PA, Heinemann FM, Becker JU. Beyond C4d: the ultrastructural appearances of endothelium in ABO-incompatible renal allografts. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:3101-9. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Zilian E, Figueiredo C, Eiz-Vesper B, Blasczyk R, Immenschuh S. The new HLA-C variant HLA-C*05:26 is likely to be structurally identical to the C*05:01P alleles. Tissue Antigens 2013; 81:179-180. [PMID: 23347123 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The novel allele HLA-C*05:26 differs from HLA-C*05:01 by the non-synonymous amino acid exchange Gly16Ser.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zilian
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Zilian E, Maiss E. Detection of plum pox potyviral protein-protein interactions in planta using an optimized mRFP-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:2711-2723. [PMID: 21880839 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.033811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, protein interaction maps of different potyviruses have been generated using yeast two-hybrid (YTH) systems, and these maps have demonstrated a high diversity of interactions of potyviral proteins. Using an optimized bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) system, a complete interaction matrix for proteins of a potyvirus was developed for the first time under in planta conditions with ten proteins from plum pox virus (PPV). In total, 52 of 100 possible interactions were detected, including the self-interactions of CI, 6K2, VPg, NIa-Pro, NIb and CP, which is more interactions than have ever been detected for any other potyvirus in a YTH approach. Moreover, the BiFC system was shown to be able to localize the protein interactions, which was typified for the protein self-interactions indicated above. Additionally, experiments were carried out with the P3N-PIPO protein, revealing an interaction with CI but not with CP and supporting the involvement of P3N-PIPO in the cell-to-cell movement of potyviruses. No self-interaction of the PPV helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) was detected using BiFC in planta. Therefore, additional experiments with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) HC-Pro, PPV_HC-Pro and their mutants were conducted. The self-interaction of TuMV_HCpro, as recently demonstrated, and the self-interaction of the TuMV_ and PPV_HC-Pro mutants were shown by BiFC in planta, indicating that HC-Pro self-interactions may be species-specific. BiFC is a very useful and reliable method for the detection and localization of protein interactions in planta, thus enabling investigations under more natural conditions than studies in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zilian
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Edgar Maiss
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
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Zilian E, Maiss E. An optimized mRFP-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system for the detection of protein-protein interactions in planta. J Virol Methods 2011; 174:158-65. [PMID: 21473882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An existing bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) system, based on a monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP), has been optimized for the investigation of protein-protein interactions in planta. The expression plasmids, encoding the N-terminal amino acids (aa) 1-168 and the C-terminal aa 169-225 of the mRFP, allow N- or C-terminal fusion of a split mRFP, with the genes of interest. Two major improvements over the original vectors have been made. Firstly, the coding sequence of a GGGSGGG-linker has been integrated between mRFP sequences and the genes of interest. Secondly, a modified mini binary vector (∼3.5 kb) was introduced as the backbone for the plant expression plasmids. Based on the results of yeast two-hybrid studies with plant viral proteins, interaction of viral proteins was tested in Nicotiana benthamiana plants and monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Plum pox virus coat protein and mutants thereof served as controls. The system was validated using the N-protein of Capsicum chlorosis virus for which a self-interaction was shown for the first time, the Tobacco mosaic virus coat protein and BC1 and BV1 of the Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus. This optimized BiFC system provides a convenient alternative to other BiFC, as well as yeast two-hybrid assays, for detecting protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zilian
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Hannover, Germany
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