1
|
Da Rosa LC, Boldison J, De Leenheer E, Davies J, Wen L, Wong FS. B cell depletion reduces T cell activation in pancreatic islets in a murine autoimmune diabetes model. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1397-1410. [PMID: 29594371 PMCID: PMC6449006 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetes is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, resulting in deficient insulin production. B cell depletion therapy has proved successful in preventing diabetes and restoring euglycaemia in animal models of diabetes, as well as in preserving beta cell function in clinical trials in the short term. We aimed to report a full characterisation of B cell kinetics post B cell depletion, with a focus on pancreatic islets. METHODS Transgenic NOD mice with a human CD20 transgene expressed on B cells were injected with an anti-CD20 depleting antibody. B cells were analysed using multivariable flow cytometry. RESULTS There was a 10 week delay in the onset of diabetes when comparing control and experimental groups, although the final difference in the diabetes incidence, following prolonged observation, was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). The co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 were reduced on stimulation of B cells during B cell depletion and repopulation. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells were not induced in repopulated B cells in the periphery, post anti-CD20 depletion. However, the early depletion of B cells had a marked effect on T cells in the local islet infiltrate. We demonstrated a lack of T cell activation, specifically with reduced CD44 expression and effector function, including IFN-γ production from both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These CD8+ T cells remained altered in the pancreatic islets long after B cell depletion and repopulation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that B cell depletion can have an impact on T cell regulation, inducing a durable effect that is present long after repopulation. We suggest that this local effect of reducing autoimmune T cell activity contributes to delay in the onset of autoimmune diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Da Rosa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Joanne Boldison
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Evy De Leenheer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- University of Sheffield, New Spring House, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joanne Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fishman S, Lewis MD, Siew LK, De Leenheer E, Kakabadse D, Davies J, Ziv D, Margalit A, Karin N, Gross G, Wong FS. Adoptive Transfer of mRNA-Transfected T Cells Redirected against Diabetogenic CD8 T Cells Can Prevent Diabetes. Mol Ther 2017; 25:456-464. [PMID: 28109957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules supplemented with T cell receptor (TCR) signaling motifs function as activation receptors and can redirect gene-modified T cells against pathogenic CD8 T cells. We have shown that β2 microglobulin (β2m) operates as a universal signaling component of MHC-I molecules when fused with the CD3-ζ chain. Linking the H-2Kd-binding insulin B chain peptide insulin B chain, amino acids 15-23 (InsB15-23) to the N terminus of β2m/CD3-ζ, redirected polyclonal CD8 T cells against pathogenic CD8 T cells in a peptide-specific manner in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Here, we describe mRNA electroporation for delivering peptide/β2m/CD3-ζ genes to a reporter T cell line and purified primary mouse CD8 T cells. The peptide/β2m/CD3-ζ products paired with endogenous MHC-I chains and transmitted strong activation signals upon MHC-I cross-linking. The reporter T cell line transfected with InsB15-23/β2m/CD3-ζ mRNA was activated by an InsB15-23-H-2Kd-specific CD8 T cell hybrid only when the transfected T cells expressed H-2Kd. Primary NOD CD8 T cells expressing either InsB15-23/β2m/CD3-ζ or islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein, amino acids 206-214 (IGRP206-214)/β2m/CD3-ζ killed their respective autoreactive CD8 T cell targets in vitro. Furthermore, transfer of primary CD8 T cells transfected with InsB15-23/β2m/CD3-ζ mRNA significantly reduced insulitis and protected NOD mice from diabetes. Our results demonstrate that mRNA encoding chimeric MHC-I receptors can redirect effector CD8 against diabetogenic CD8 T cells, offering a new approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Fishman
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Department of Immunology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Mark D Lewis
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - L Khai Siew
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Evy De Leenheer
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Dimitri Kakabadse
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Joanne Davies
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Doron Ziv
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel
| | - Alon Margalit
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel
| | - Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Gideon Gross
- Laboratory of Immunology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel; Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel.
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thayer TC, Pearson JA, De Leenheer E, Hanna SJ, Boldison J, Davies J, Tsui A, Ahmed S, Easton P, Siew LK, Wen L, Wong FS. Peripheral Proinsulin Expression Controls Low-Avidity Proinsulin-Reactive CD8 T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:3429-3439. [PMID: 27495224 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-avidity autoreactive CD8 T cells (CTLs) escape from thymic negative selection, and peripheral tolerance mechanisms are essential for their regulation. We report the role of proinsulin (PI) expression on the development and activation of insulin-specific CTLs in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes. We studied insulin B-chain-specific CTL from different T-cell receptor transgenic mice (G9Cα-/-) expressing normal PI1 and PI2 or altered PI expression levels. In the absence of PI2 (Ins2-/-), CTL in pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) were more activated, and male G9Cα-/- mice developed T1D. Furthermore, when the insulin-specific CTLs developed in transgenic mice lacking their specific PI epitope, the CTLs demonstrated increased cytotoxicity and proliferation in vitro and in vivo in the PLNs after adoptive transfer into NOD recipients. Dendritic cell-stimulated proliferation of insulin-specific T cells was reduced in the presence of lymph node stromal cells (LNSCs) from NOD mice but not from mice lacking the PI epitope. Our study shows that LNSCs regulate CTL activation and suggests that exposure to PI in the periphery is very important in maintenance of tolerance of autoreactive T cells. This is relevant for human type 1 diabetes and has implications for the use of antigen-specific therapy in tolerance induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terri C Thayer
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - James A Pearson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Evy De Leenheer
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Stephanie J Hanna
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Joanne Boldison
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Joanne Davies
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Adrian Tsui
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Sartaj Ahmed
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Peter Easton
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Lai Khai Siew
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pearson JA, Thayer TC, McLaren JE, Ladell K, De Leenheer E, Phillips A, Davies J, Kakabadse D, Miners K, Morgan P, Wen L, Price DA, Wong FS. Proinsulin Expression Shapes the TCR Repertoire but Fails to Control the Development of Low-Avidity Insulin-Reactive CD8+ T Cells. Diabetes 2016; 65:1679-89. [PMID: 26953160 PMCID: PMC5310213 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
NOD mice, a model strain for human type 1 diabetes, express proinsulin (PI) in the thymus. However, insulin-reactive T cells escape negative selection, and subsequent activation of the CD8(+) T-cell clonotype G9C8, which recognizes insulin B15-23 via an αβ T-cell receptor (TCR) incorporating TRAV8-1/TRAJ9 and TRBV19/TRBJ2-3 gene rearrangements, contributes to the development of diabetes. In this study, we used fixed TRAV8-1/TRAJ9 TCRα-chain transgenic mice to assess the impact of PI isoform expression on the insulin-reactive CD8(+) T-cell repertoire. The key findings were: 1) PI2 deficiency increases the frequency of insulin B15-23-reactive TRBV19(+)CD8(+) T cells and causes diabetes; 2) insulin B15-23-reactive TRBV19(+)CD8(+) T cells are more abundant in the pancreatic lymph nodes of mice lacking PI1 and/or PI2; 3) overexpression of PI2 decreases TRBV19 usage in the global CD8(+) T-cell compartment; 4) a biased repertoire of insulin-reactive CD8(+) T cells emerges in the periphery regardless of antigen exposure; and 5) low-avidity insulin-reactive CD8(+) T cells are less affected by antigen exposure in the thymus than in the periphery. These findings inform our understanding of the diabetogenic process and reveal new avenues for therapeutic exploitation in type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Affinity
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Proinsulin/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Pearson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Terri C Thayer
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - James E McLaren
- Cellular Immunology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Cellular Immunology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Evy De Leenheer
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Amy Phillips
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Joanne Davies
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Dimitri Kakabadse
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Kelly Miners
- Cellular Immunology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Peter Morgan
- Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David A Price
- Cellular Immunology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Motozono C, Pearson JA, De Leenheer E, Rizkallah PJ, Beck K, Trimby A, Sewell AK, Wong FS, Cole DK. Distortion of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Binding Groove to Accommodate an Insulin-derived 10-Mer Peptide. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18924-33. [PMID: 26085090 PMCID: PMC4521012 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.622522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes continues to be an important tool for delineating the role of T-cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that enable this disease pathway. We show that insulin reactivity by a CD8+ T-cell clone, known to induce type 1 diabetes, is characterized by weak T-cell antigen receptor binding to a relatively unstable peptide-MHC. The structure of the native 9- and 10-mer insulin epitopes demonstrated that peptide residues 7 and 8 form a prominent solvent-exposed bulge that could potentially be the main focus of T-cell receptor binding. The C terminus of the peptide governed peptide-MHC stability. Unexpectedly, we further demonstrate a novel mode of flexible peptide presentation in which the MHC peptide-binding groove is able to “open the back door” to accommodate extra C-terminal peptide residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Motozono
- From the Division of Infection and Immunity and the Department of Immunology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka 589-8511, Japan, and
| | - James A Pearson
- the Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Evy De Leenheer
- the Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Konrad Beck
- the Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - F Susan Wong
- the Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom,
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carlring J, De Leenheer E, Heath AW. A novel redox method for rapid production of functional bi-specific antibodies for use in early pilot studies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22533. [PMID: 21811628 PMCID: PMC3141073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate here a rapid alternative method for the production of functional bi-specific antibodies using the mild reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (MESNA). Following reduction of a mixture of two monoclonal antibodies with MESNA to break inter heavy chain bonds, this solution is dialysed under oxidising conditions and antibodies are allowed to reform. During this reaction a mixture of antibodies is formed, including parental antibodies and bi-specific antibody. Bi-specific antibodies are purified over two sequential affinity columns. Following purification, bi-specificity of antibodies is determined in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and by flow cytometry. Using this redox method we have been successful in producing hybrid and same-species bi-specific antibodies in a time frame of 6-10 working days, making this production method a time saving alternative to the time-consuming traditional heterohybridoma technology for the production of bi-specific antibodies for use in early pilot studies. The use of both rat and mouse IgG antibodies forming a rat/mouse bi-specific antibody as well as producing a pure mouse bi-specific antibody and a pure rat bi-specific antibody demonstrates the flexibility of this production method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Carlring
- Academic Unit of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bhagawati-Prasad VN, De Leenheer E, Keefe NP, Ryan LA, Carlring J, Heath AW. CD40mAb adjuvant induces a rapid antibody response that may be beneficial in post-exposure prophylaxis. J Immune Based Ther Vaccines 2010; 8:1. [PMID: 20205811 PMCID: PMC2824643 DOI: 10.1186/1476-8518-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Active vaccination can be effective as a post-exposure prophylaxis, but the rapidity of the immune response induced, relative to the incubation time of the pathogen, is critical. We show here that CD40mAb conjugated to antigen induces a more rapid specific antibody response than currently used immunological adjuvants, alum and monophosphoryl lipid A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Ns Bhagawati-Prasad
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Evy De Leenheer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Nadine P Keefe
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lorna A Ryan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Jennifer Carlring
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Andrew W Heath
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.,Adjuvantix Ltd, c/o Fusion plc, Sheffield Bioincubator, Leavygreave Rd, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Menu E, Jernberg-Wiklund H, De Raeve H, De Leenheer E, Coulton L, Gallagher O, Van Valckenborgh E, Larsson O, Axelson M, Nilsson K, Van Camp B, Croucher P, Vanderkerken K. Targeting the IGF-1R using picropodophyllin in the therapeutical 5T2MM mouse model of multiple myeloma: beneficial effects on tumor growth, angiogenesis, bone disease and survival. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:1857-61. [PMID: 17546599 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, a central role for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM) has been well established. IGF-I provided by the tumor-microenvironment interaction may directly and indirectly facilitate the migration, survival and expansion of the MM cells in the bone marrow (BM). The inhibition of the IGF-1R-mediated signaling pathway has recently been suggested to be a possible new therapeutic principle in MM. Using the mouse 5T2MM model, we now demonstrate that targeting the IGF-1R using picropodophyllin (PPP) in a therapeutical setting not only has strong antitumor activity on the established MM tumor but also influences the BM microenvironment by inhibiting angiogenesis and bone disease, having a profound effect on the survival of the mice. At therapeutically achievable concentrations of PPP, the average survival was 180 days for the PPP-treated mice as compared to 100 days for vehicle-treated mice. PPP used as single drug treatment in the 5T2MM model resulted in a decrease of tumor burden by 65% while the paraprotein concentrations were reduced by 75%. This decrease was associated with a significant inhibition of tumor-associated angiogenesis and osteolysis. The present studies on the biological effects of PPP in the 5T2MM model constitute an important experimental platform for future therapeutic implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Menu E, De Leenheer E, De Raeve H, Coulton L, Imanishi T, Miyashita K, Van Valckenborgh E, Van Riet I, Van Camp B, Horuk R, Croucher P, Vanderkerken K. Role of CCR1 and CCR5 in homing and growth of multiple myeloma and in the development of osteolytic lesions: a study in the 5TMM model. Clin Exp Metastasis 2006; 23:291-300. [PMID: 17086356 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-006-9038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy, characterized by the localization of the MM cells in the bone marrow (BM), where they proliferate and induce osteolysis. The MM cells first need to home or migrate to the BM to receive necessary survival signals. In this work, we studied the role of CCR1 and CCR5, two known chemokine receptors, in both chemotaxis and osteolysis in the experimental 5TMM mouse model. A CCR1-specific (BX471) and a CCR5-specific (TAK779) antagonist were used to identify the function of both receptors. We could detect by RT-PCR and flow cytometric analyses the expression of both CCR1 and CCR5 on the cells and their major ligand, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP1alpha) could be detected by ELISA. In vitro migration assays showed that MIP1alpha induced a 2-fold increase in migration of 5TMM cells, which could only be blocked by TAK779. In vivo homing kinetics showed a 30% inhibition in BM homing when 5TMM cells were pre-treated with TAK779. We found, in vitro, that both inhibitors were able to reduce osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption. In vivo end-term treatment of 5T2MM mice with BX471 resulted in a reduction of the osteolytic lesions by 40%; while TAK779 treatment led to a 20% decrease in lesions. Furthermore, assessment of the microvessel density demonstrated a role for both receptors in MM induced angiogenesis. These data demonstrate the differential role of CCR1 and CCR5 in MM chemotaxis and MM associated osteolysis and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel-VUB, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Van Valckenborgh E, Croucher PI, De Raeve H, Carron C, De Leenheer E, Blacher S, Devy L, Noël A, De Bruyne E, Asosingh K, Van Riet I, Van Camp B, Vanderkerken K. Multifunctional role of matrix metalloproteinases in multiple myeloma: a study in the 5T2MM mouse model. Am J Pathol 2004; 165:869-78. [PMID: 15331411 PMCID: PMC1618595 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to play a role in cell growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and bone degradation, all important events in the pathogenesis of cancer. Multiple myeloma is a B-cell cancer characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, increased angiogenesis, and the development of osteolytic bone disease. The role of MMPs in the development of multiple myeloma is poorly understood. Using SC-964, a potent inhibitor of several MMPs (MMP-2, -3, -8, -9, and -13), we investigated the role of MMPs in the 5T2MM murine model. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the presence of mRNA for MMP-2, -8, -9, and -13 in 5T2MM-diseased bone marrow. Mice bearing 5T2MM cells were given access to food containing SC-964. The concentration of SC-964 measured in the plasma of mice after 11 days of treatment was able to inhibit MMP-9 activity in gelatin zymography. Treatment of 5T2MM-bearing mice resulted in a significant reduction in tumor burden, a significant decrease in angiogenesis, and partially protective effect against the development of osteolytic bone disease. The direct role of MMPs in these different processes was confirmed by in vitro experiments. All these results support the multifunctional role of MMPs in the development of multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is associated with the development of a devastating bone disease mediated by increased osteoclastic activity. The ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANKL) plays a critical role in normal osteoclast biology and is abnormally regulated in myeloma. Targeting this system with recombinant decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin, or soluble forms of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB is able to prevent myeloma bone disease in pre-clinical models. Intriguingly, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorption, and altering the bone marrow microenvironment, results in an indirect anti-myeloma effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evy De Leenheer
- Bone Biology Group, G Floor, Division of Clinical Sciences, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vanderkerken K, De Leenheer E, Shipman C, Asosingh K, Willems A, Van Camp B, Croucher P. Recombinant osteoprotegerin decreases tumor burden and increases survival in a murine model of multiple myeloma. Cancer Res 2003; 63:287-9. [PMID: 12543775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether modifying the local bone environment with osteoprotegerin (OPG), the soluble decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK) ligand, could affect tumor burden and survival in the 5T33MM murine model of multiple myeloma. Treatment of mice, injected with 5T33MM cells, with recombinant OPG (Fc-OPG) caused a significant decrease in serum paraprotein and tumor burden and a significant increase in time to morbidity. This was associated with a decrease in osteoclast number in vivo but had no effect on apoptosis and proliferation of 5T33MM cells in vitro. These data indicate that targeting the bone microenvironment by inhibiting the interaction between RANK ligand and RANK with Fc-OPG not only inhibits the development of myeloma bone disease but also decreases tumor growth and increases survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|