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Samouda H, De Beaufort C, Stranges S, Van Nieuwenhuyse JP, Dooms G, Keunen O, Leite S, Vaillant M, Lair ML, Dadoun F. Subtraction of subcutaneous fat to improve the prediction of visceral adiposity: exploring a new anthropometric track in overweight and obese youth. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:399-404. [PMID: 27400675 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficiency of traditional anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (Waist C) used to replace biomedical imaging for assessing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is still highly controversial in youth. HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES We evaluated the most accurate model predicting VAT in overweight/obese youth, using various anthropometric measurements and their correlation with different body fat compartments, especially by testing, for the first time in youth, the hypothesis that subtracting the anthropometric measurement the most highly correlated with subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and less correlated possible with VAT from an anthropometric abdominal measurement highly correlated with visceral and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), predicts VAT with higher accuracy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS VAT and SAAT data resulted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis performed on 181 boys and girls (7-17 y) from Diabetes & Endocrinology Care Paediatrics Clinic in Luxembourg. Height, weight, abdominal diameters, waist, hip, and thigh circumferences were measured with a view to developing the anthropometric VAT predictive algorithms. RESULTS In girls, subtracting proximal thigh circumference (Proximal Thigh C), the most closely correlated anthropometric measurement with SAAT, from Waist C, the most closely correlated anthropometric measurement with VAT was instrumental in improving VAT prediction, in comparison with the most accurate single VAT anthropometric surrogate. [Formula: see text] Residual analysis showed a negligible estimation error (5 cm2 ). In boys, Waist C was the best VAT predictor. CONCLUSIONS Subtraction of abdominal subcutaneous fat is important to predict VAT in overweight/obese girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Samouda
- Population Health Department, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit (EPHRU), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - C De Beaufort
- Diabetes & Endocrinology Care Clinique Pédiatrique (DECCP), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - S Stranges
- Population Health Department, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit (EPHRU), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | - G Dooms
- Radiology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - O Keunen
- Norlux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - S Leite
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Centre of Competence for Methodology and Statistics (CCMS), Strassen, Luxembourg.,Epidemiology and Statistics Department, Ministry of Health, Luxembourg
| | - M Vaillant
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Centre of Competence for Methodology and Statistics (CCMS), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - M-L Lair
- Population Health Department, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit (EPHRU), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.,Santé et Prospectives, Sanem, Luxembourg
| | - F Dadoun
- Population Health Department, Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit (EPHRU), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg.,Endocrinology and Diabetology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Gaborit B, Dutour O, Ronsin O, Atlan C, Darmon P, Gharsalli R, Pradel V, Dadoun F, Dutour A. Ramadan fasting with diabetes: An interview study of inpatients’ and general practitioners’ attitudes in the South of France. Diabetes & Metabolism 2011; 37:395-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dadoun F, Darmon P, Achard V, Boullu-Ciocca S, Philip-Joet F, Alessi MC, Rey M, Grino M, Dutour A. Effect of sleep apnea syndrome on the circadian profile of cortisol in obese men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E466-74. [PMID: 17505053 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00126.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) increases hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and, through increased cortisol levels, participates in the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. We compared the circadian profiles of cortisol in obese men with [obSAS+; apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >or= 20/h] and without SAS (obSAS-; AHI <or= 5/h). 1) Salivary cortisol (5 samples: before/30 min after dinner, 2100, upon/30 min after awakening) was measured in 15 obSAS+, 19 obSAS-, and 19 normal-weight controls (NWC). 2) Plasma cortisol (every 30 min for 24 h under highly controlled conditions and portable EEG device) was measured in 9 obSAS+, 8 obSAS-, and 10 NWC men. Visceral adipose tissue surface was measured by CT scan. In both studies, obSAS+ and obSAS- men were comparable for age, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. First, no difference was found, using ANOVA for repeated measures, between obSAS+ and obSAS- subjects for any salivary cortisol measurement. No correlation was found between salivary cortisol and AHI or nocturnal SaO(2). Similarly, obSAS+ and obSAS- men showed no difference in plasma cortisol rhythmicity: 24-h minimum, maximum, and mean, ANOVA for repeated measures, mathematical modeling of cortisol rhythm (COSINOR), and morning secretory peak. Conversely, ANOVA for repeated measures showed decreased cortisol levels in obese vs. NWC men during both the trough (2200-0130) and the peak (0600-0900) independently of SAS status. We show that SAS per se is not associated with any change of the level or of the features of salivary and plasma cortisol rhythmicity and confirm that men with visceral obesity display lower plasma cortisol levels than NWC men.
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Dadoun F. [Food intake: who controls what?]. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2002; 63:S15-24. [PMID: 12737145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of leptin and the characterization of the mechanisms leading to obesity in several animal models, considerable advance has been gained in the field of energy homeostasis. The hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in the short and long term regulatory loops that control food intake and body weight. Multiple peripheral signals, including leptin and insulin, convey information on the nutritional and metabolic status to the central nervous system. In the hypothalamus, these signals modulate several neuropeptides and intricate neuronal pathways that trigger appropriate responses of food intake and also of the autonomous nervous system and of the pituitary functions. Peripheral signals and hypothalamic neuropeptides, characterized in the last decade may represent potential targets for new pharmacological treatments of obesity. However, because of the complexity of weight regulation, such approaches may appear troublesome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dadoun
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU Nord, Chemin des Bourrely, Lab Interactions fonctionnelles en neuroendocrinologie, IFR Jean-Roche, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, Marseille, France.
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5
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Dadoun F. Transcription factor protocols. Methods in molecular biology series vol. 10. M. J. Tymms (Ed.), Humana Press, 306 pp, ?79.50, ISBN 0-896-03573-5 (2000). Cell Biochem Funct 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Endotoxin (LPS), a membrane component of gram-negative bacteria produces multiple endocrine and metabolic effects that mimic those seen in acute sepsis. It induces species-dependent alterations of the growth hormone (GH) axis that may participate in the shift of the metabolism towards catabolic events. Humans and sheep show increased GH secretion in response to LPS, as opposed to rats, which have been the most studied. The purpose of our work was to evaluate the effects in intact rams of an acute intravenous administration of a high dose of LPS on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) system and to analyse the temporal relationship of GH axis changes with those of several hormonal and metabolic parameters such as somatostatin, cortisol, insulin, and glucose. LPS induced a late moderate decrease of total IGF-I plasma levels following a 5-h steady-state period (-26.6+/-4. 2%, P<0.05, 9 h after LPS), despite a biphasic and sustained increase of GH secretion in the same animals (2.48+/-0.39 ng/ml 2 h after LPS and 2.7+/-0.37 ng/ml 5 h after LPS vs 0.77+/-0.10 before LPS; Briard et al. 1998a). Western ligand blot analysis in IGFBPs showed an early short-lasting increase in IGFBP-1 (188.8+/-39% P<0. 05, 3 h after LPS). No significant change was seen for either IGFBP-2, -3 or -4. We observed a marked and sustained increase in cortisol (128.18+/-7.21 ng/ml 3 h after LPS, vs 21.17+/-4.22 before LPS). Insulin also increased (27.69+/-3.90 microU/ml 3 h after LPS, vs 13.48+/-1.69 before LPS) and its burst coincided with that of IGFBP-1. Moderately decreased IGF-I and increased IGFBP-1 plasma levels contrasted with the sustained increase in GH secretion that we recently described, thereby suggesting that endotoxin causes a state of resistance to GH. This may be exacerbated by reduced IGF-I bioavailability and/or action, and which may participate in the pathophysiology of the catabolic state seen in sepsis. The temporal analysis of hormone responses suggests that endotoxin-induced alterations of the IGF-I/IGFBPs system may involve the prolonged and substantial somatostatin rise that we recently demonstrated, together with an increase in glucocorticoid and cytokine as more generally assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Briard
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Experimentale, INSERM U501, Institut Fédératif Jean Roche, Bd P. Dramard 13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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8
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Dadoun F, Velut JG, Guillaume V, Sauze N, Orsoni JC, Gaillard RC, Oliver CC. Combined hypervolemia and hypoosmolality alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to endotoxin stimulation. Neuroendocrinology 1999; 69:352-9. [PMID: 10343176 DOI: 10.1159/000054437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in corticotropin (ACTH) and glucocorticoid secretion have been described during disturbances of body fluid homeostasis and attributed to alterations in arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion from magnocellular hypothalamic neurons. In order to further characterize the mechanisms involved in the interactions between body fluid alterations and pituitary adrenal function, we manipulated osmolality and volemia in sheep under stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis by acute injection of endotoxin. We have recently shown that endotoxin injection induces a long-lasting release of both corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and AVP into hypophysial portal blood, and an early stimulation of AVP secretion into peripheral vessels, thus suggesting a joint activation of magnocellular and parvocellular neurons of the PVN. We used the same experimental model to investigate the effect of combined volume loading and plasma dilution (achieved by 1-deamino-8-D-arginine (dDAVP) administration together with infusion of 2 liters of 2.5% glucose solution) on CRH, AVP, ACTH and cortisol responses to endotoxin stimulation. In volume-loaded animals, ACTH and cortisol responses to endotoxin were significantly blunted and we observed a parallel decrease in portal CRH and jugular and portal AVP levels. These data show that hypoosmolality and/or hypervolemia reduce(s) ACTH and cortisol response to stress in sheep as in other species. They strongly suggest that this reduction in ACTH and cortisol responses to endotoxin involve not only magnocellular hypothalamic neurons secreting AVP, as usually assumed, but also PVN parvocellular neurons secreting both CRH and AVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dadoun
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Expérimentale, INSERM U 501, Institut Fédératif Jean-Roche, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
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9
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Grino M, Darmon P, Dadoun F, Frachebois C, Velut JG, Boullu S, Dutour A, Oliver C. About the use and misuse of an ACTH 1-39 radioimmunoassay to measure ACTH 1-24. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:824-5. [PMID: 10022466 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.2.5472-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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10
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Darmon P, Dadoun F, Frachebois C, Velut JG, Boullu S, Dutour A, Oliver C, Grino M. On the meaning of low-dose ACTH(1-24) tests to assess functionality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Eur J Endocrinol 1999; 140:51-5. [PMID: 10037252 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To analyse further the ACTH(1-24) low-dose test, which is of clinical interest, we have examined the dose-response relationship between plasma ACTH(1-24) and cortisol concentrations after i.v. administration of increasing doses (1, 5 or 250 microg) of ACTH(1-24) as a bolus. In addition, we have measured plasma ACTH(1-39) and cortisol levels after an insulin tolerance test (ITT). Although there was a dose response relationship between plasma ACTH(1-24) immunoreactivity and the dose injected, cortisol peaks were comparable, but lower than those reached after an ITT. Under these experimental conditions, an increase in plasma ACTH as low as 13 pmol/l (i.e. the increase obtained with the 1 microg dose) induced a near maximal cortisol response. Following injection of 1 microg ACTH(1-24), peak ACTH values were short lasting, similar to physiological daily bursts. After injection of 5 microg ACTH(1-24), plasma ACTH concentrations were higher than those reached during an ITT, but clearly shorter lasting. Injection of 250 microg ACTH(1-24) induced strikingly supraphysiological levels of plasma ACTH. We conclude that neither regular nor low-dose ACTH tests can fully reproduce the ITT. Our observations strongly suggest that the low-dose ACTH(1-24) test (1 microg) can be useful to estimate the adrenal sensitivity under basal, physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Darmon
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Nord, Chemin des Bourrelly, Marseille, France
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11
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Briard N, Rico-Gomez M, Guillaume V, Sauze N, Vuaroqueaux V, Dadoun F, Le Bouc Y, Oliver C, Dutour A. Hypothalamic mediated action of free fatty acid on growth hormone secretion in sheep. Endocrinology 1998; 139:4811-9. [PMID: 9832417 DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.12.6356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental data suggest that elevated FFA levels play a leading role in the impaired GH secretion in obesity and may therefore contribute to the maintenance of overweight. GH has a direct lipolytic effect on adipose tissue; in turn, FFA elevation markedly reduces GH secretion. This suggests the existence of a classical endocrine feedback loop between FFA and GH secretion. However, the FFA mechanism of action is not yet understood. The involvement of somatostatin (SRIH) is controversial, and in vitro experiments suggest a direct effect of FFA on the pituitary. In sheep it is possible to collect hypophysial portal blood and quantify SRIH secretion in hypophysial portal blood under physiological conscious and unstressed conditions. In this study we determined the effects of FFA (Intralipid and heparin) infusion on peripheral GH and portal SRIH levels in intact rams chronically implanted with perihypophysial cannula and in rams actively immunized against SRIH to further determine SRIH-mediated FFA effects on GH axis. Immediately after initiation of Intralipid infusion, we observed a marked increase in the FFA concentration (2160 +/- 200 vs. 295 +/- 28 nmol/ml; P < 0.01) as well as a significant decrease in basal GH secretion (1.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.3 ng/ml; P < 0.05) and a drastic reduction of the GH response to i.v. GH-releasing hormone injection (4.8 +/- 0.7 ng/ml in FFA group vs. 35.8 +/- 9.7 ng/ml in saline group; P < 0.01). No change in plasma insulin-like growth factor I levels was observed. During the first 2 h of infusion, the GH decrease observed was concomitant with a significant increase in portal SRIH levels (22.1 +/- .2 vs. 13 +/- 1.6 pg/ml; P < 0.01). In rams actively immunized against SRIH, the effect of FFA on basal GH secretion was biphasic. During the first 90 min of infusion, the decrease in GH induced by FFA was significantly blunted in rams actively immunized against SRIH (57 +/- 9% for immunized rams vs. 23.5 +/- 2.5% for control rams). This corresponds to the period of increased SRIH portal levels. After this first 90-min period, no difference was seen between control and immunized rams. Our results show that FFA exert their inhibitory action on the GH axis at both pituitary and hypothalamic levels, the latter mainly during the first 90 min, through increased SRIH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Briard
- Laboratoire des Intéractions Fonctionnelles en Neuroendocrinologie, INSERM U-501, Institut Fédératif Jean Roche, Marseille, France
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12
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Macari F, Lautier C, Girardet A, Dadoun F, Darmon P, Dutour A, Renard E, Bouvagnet P, Claustres M, Oliver C, Grigorescu F. Refinement of genetic localization of the Alström syndrome on chromosome 2p12-13 by linkage analysis in a North African family. Hum Genet 1998; 103:658-61. [PMID: 9921899 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alström syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by retinal pigment degeneration, neurogenic deafness, infantile obesity, hyperlipidemia, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. While the disease-related gene remains unknown, studies of the genetic isolate of French Acadians provisionally locate the Alström syndrome on chromosome 2p12-13 within a 14.9-cM interval. To confirm this finding in another ethnic population and refine the candidate region we investigated by linkage analysis a consanguineous family of North African origin, in which three of seven siblings displayed all major neurological and metabolic features of Alström syndrome. Genotyping was performed on an ABI377 DNA automatic sequencer and LOD scores were obtained with the Fastlink program. Five markers previously investigated in French Acadians confirmed the involvement of the candidate region, although pairwise LOD scores were of poor significance (Zmax = 2.9). To further confirm homogeneity and refine the candidate region, 20 additional markers were investigated. Haplotype analysis and allele segregation revealed that affected children shared a single haplotype and were homozygous for the eight most centromeric markers (D2S291-D2S2114), over a 6.1-cM interval. Significative multipoint LOD scores (Zmax = 3.96) were obtained between markers D2S2110/145 and D2S286. Two clusters of known genes are present in this refined region of chromosome 2p, the most attractive candidate being the hexokinase II gene. However, except for several known polymorphisms, no mutations were detected in the coding region of this gene. In conclusion, the location of Alström syndrome on chromosome 2p12-13 is confirmed, reducing the genetic interval to 6.1 cM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Macari
- IURC Molecular Endocrinology, Montpellier, France
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Oliver C, Darmon P, Frachebois C, Boullu S, Dadoun F, Grino M. [Commentary: choice of diagnostic tests for adrenal cortex insufficiency]. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 1998; 59:31-3. [PMID: 9752397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Oliver
- Service d'Endocrinologie des Maladies Métaboliques et de la Nutrition Hôpital Nord, Marseille
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Dadoun F, Guillaume V, Sauze N, Farisse J, Velut JG, Orsoni JC, Gaillard R, Oliver C. Effect of endotoxin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in sheep. Eur J Endocrinol 1998; 138:193-7. [PMID: 9506866 DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1380193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin has been shown to stimulate ACTH and cortisol secretion through an action at the hypothalamic level. However, the nature of hypothalamic neurohormones, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and especially arginine vasopressin (AVP), involved in that regulation is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acute i.v. endotoxin administration on CRH and AVP secretion into hypophysial portal blood (HPB). The experiment has been performed in sheep since it is possible to collect HPB and quantify CRH and AVP secretion in this animal under physiological conditions. The release of both peptides into HPB was stimulated by endotoxin injection, the increase in portal AVP being more pronounced than that of CRH. An initial, transient, increase in jugular AVP concentrations was observed, probably due to the activation of magnocellular AVP neurons. In conclusion, our data indicate that the activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis after endotoxin injection is associated with an increased release of both CRH and AVP into HPB. Magnocellular AVP neurons are initially stimulated while parvocellular CRH and AVP neurons are stimulated throughout the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dadoun
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Expérimentale, INSERM U 297, Institut Fédératif Jean Roche, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
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Oliver C, Dadoun F, Darmon P, Velut JG, Frachebois C, Guillaume V, Grino M. [Arginine-vasopressin and corticotropic function in stress]. Presse Med 1997; 26:1635-41. [PMID: 9452730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Oliver
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Maladies métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Nord, Marseille
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Abstract
Acute psychological stress may play a role in the glycaemic instability of some patients with type I diabetes through an increased secretion of insulin-counteracting hormones. To examine the validity of this hypothesis, we subjected to a video-recorded public-speaking stress seven healthy persons, six type I diabetics with stable blood glucose levels and six type I diabetics with unstable or brittle diabetes (with more than 10 hypoglycaemia/month and frequent hyperglycaemia). During the test and on a control day, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines and prolactin were measured. The comparison between the stable and unstable diabetics during the stress session by two-way analysis of variance (group/time) showed a significant difference for heart rate, blood pressure, ACTH and cortisol. Psychological interview showed that most unstable diabetics perceived a link between life stress and their blood glucose control. The unstable patients had much more difficulty in verbalizing their emotions. Our study shows that the two groups of diabetic patients display distinct cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to psychological stress, as well as distinct psychological profiles. In conclusion, hormonal response to an acute psychological stress is more pronounced in brittle diabetes and might be one of its pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutour
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Institut Fédératif Jean Roche, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
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Raccah D, Dadoun F, Coste T, Vague P. Decreased Na/K ATPase ouabain binding sites in red blood cells of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and healthy north African control subjects: relationship with diabetic neuropathy. Horm Metab Res 1996; 28:128-32. [PMID: 8926011 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-979144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Like other degenerative complications occurring during diabetes, development of neuropathy is determined mainly by the duration of disease and quality of control. However, there may be some predisposing factors. Activity of Na/K ATPase has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy. A decrease in the activity of this enzyme has been observed in red blood cells of poorly controlled diabetic patients and healthy North African subjects who are predisposed to diabetic neuropathy. This study was performed to characterize abnormalities of Na/K ATPase activity in these two populations. For this purpose we measured enzyme activity (hydrolysis of ATP) and the number of enzyme units (number of binding sites for ouabain) in the red blood cells of three groups of men, i.e., healthy Caucasian subjects, healthy North African subjects and Caucasian insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The level of Na/K ATPase activity and the number of enzyme units were about 30% lower in the red blood cells of diabetic patients and North African subjects, than in healthy Caucasian controls. In healthy North African subjects predisposed to neuropathy in case of development of diabetes, the decrease in enzymatic activity was correlated with a decrease in the number of enzyme units. This correlation was not observed in diabetic patients. We speculate that the constitutional decrease in Na/K ATPase activity in healthy North African subjects corresponds to a quantitative defect, whereas the acquired decrease in diabetic patients corresponds to a qualitative defect probably related to the structure of the lipid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Raccah
- Diabetology Laboratory, Timone University Medical Center, Marseille, France
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Magnan E, Mazzocchi L, Cataldi M, Guillaume V, Dutour A, Dadoun F, Le Bouc Y, Sauze N, Renard M, Conte-Devolx B. Effect of actively immunizing sheep against growth hormone-releasing hormone or somatostatin on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced growth hormone secretion. J Endocrinol 1995; 144:83-90. [PMID: 7891028 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1440083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The physiological role of endogenous circulating GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIH) on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH was investigated in adult rams actively immunized against each neuropeptide. All animals developed antibodies at concentrations sufficient for immunoneutralization of GHRH and SRIH levels in hypophysial portal blood. In the anti GHRH group, plasma GH levels were very low; the amplitude of GH pulses was strikingly reduced, although their number was unchanged. No stimulation of GH release was observed after neostigmine administration. The reduction of GH secretion was associated with a decreased body weight and a significant reduction in plasma IGF-I concentration. In the anti-SRIH group, no changes in basal and pulsatile GH secretion or the GH response to neostigmine were observed as compared to controls. Body weight was not significantly altered and plasma IGF-I levels were reduced in these animals. These results suggest that in sheep, circulating SRIH (in the systemic and hypophysial portal vasculature) does not play a significant role in pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH. The mechanisms of its influence on body weight and production of IGF-I remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Magnan
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine Nord, INSERM U 297, Marseille, France
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Pesce G, Guillaume V, Dutour A, Dadoun F, Joanny P, Steinberg J, Oliver C. Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on somatostatin receptors in the anterior pituitary, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of the male rat. Life Sci 1994; 54:1927-33. [PMID: 8196510 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)90151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the reduction in GH secretion in diabetic rats, we have characterized and measured SRIH receptors in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland 5 and 9 days after induction of diabetes in the rat. Experimental diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 65 mg/kg. Basal plasma GH was significantly reduced in diabetic rats. Chronic insulin replacement therapy partly restored plasma GH and blood glucose levels in these animals. A significant reduction in SRIH receptor concentrations was demonstrated in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland, 5- and 9- days after STZ injection. These changes were not significantly corrected by insulin replacement. Cerebral cortex SRIH receptor concentrations were unaffected by experimental diabetes. We conclude that hypothalamic and pituitary SRIH receptor levels are lowered in diabetic rats. These changes may contribute to aberrant GH secretion in diabetes and they indicate that pituitary sensitivity to exogenous somatostatin should be tested in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pesce
- Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie Expérimentale, INSERM U 297, Institut Fédératif Jean Roche, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Marseille, France
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Stamatiadis D, Dadoun F, Portois MC, Wright F, Mowszowicz I, Mauvais-Jarvis P. Isoelectric focusing and 2D electrophoresis of the human androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 41:43-51. [PMID: 1734935 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear androgen receptors from cultured genital skin fibroblasts were analyzed by non-denaturing isoelectric focusing (IEF) in ultrathin polyacrylamide gels before and after photoaffinity labeling with [3H]methyltrienolone. Both reversibly and covalently labeled receptors focused at pH 5.28 +/- 0.20 when extracted from nuclei with high salt. Lowering of the salt concentration yielded, in both cases, a second species which focused at pH 7.16. This species became predominant when nuclei were sonicated in IEF sample buffer containing no salt, even after extensive nucleic acid digestion. Low salt cytosols from both prostate and foreskin focused as a single peak of pI: 4.93 +/- 0.31 which remained unchanged when KCl was added to the cytosol up to a concentration of 0.6 M. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of photoaffinity labeled receptors revealed labeled proteins with Mw 90-95 kDa. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of photoaffinity labeled nuclear receptors, extracted in low or high salt, showed that the two isoforms (pI 5.28 and 7.16) contain the same steroid-binding subunit with Mw 90-95 kDa. Nuclear receptors from 4 patients with the receptor positive form of the Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS, Rc+) were analyzed by non-denaturing IEF: a single species was observed, focusing at pH 6.0 whether in high or low salt conditions. These results indicate that the nuclear androgen receptor is an acidic protein with pI 5.28 and Mw 90-95 kDa under maximum protein dissociation conditions. When extracted under low salt conditions, it can be isolated in a neutral form (pI 7.16) suggesting its association with a nuclear protein. Receptors of (CAIS, Rc+) patients have an abnormal charge and show no pI shift upon lowering of the salt concentration suggesting that this shift could be a significant step in the mechanism of action of androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stamatiadis
- Biochemistry Laboratory B, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Raccah D, Gallice P, Dadoun F, Vague P. La pompe à sodium-potassium: marqueur génétique de la prédisposition à la neuropathie diabétique? Rev Med Interne 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(05)81970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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