1
|
Qing F, Guo X, Hou Y, Ning C, Wang Q, Li X. Toward the Production of Super Graphene. Small 2024:e2310678. [PMID: 38708801 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The quality requirements of graphene depend on the applications. Some have a high tolerance for graphene quality and even require some defects, while others require graphene as perfect as possible to achieve good performance. So far, synthesis of large-area graphene films by chemical vapor deposition of carbon precursors on metal substrates, especially on Cu, remains the main way to produce high-quality graphene, which has been significantly developed in the past 15 years. However, although many prototypes are demonstrated, their performance is still more or less far from the theoretical property limit of graphene. This review focuses on how to make super graphene, namely graphene with a perfect structure and free of contaminations. More specially, this study focuses on graphene synthesis on Cu substrates. Typical defects in graphene are first discussed together with the formation mechanisms and how they are characterized normally, followed with a brief review of graphene properties and the effects of defects. Then, the synthesis progress of super graphene from the aspects of substrate, grain size, wrinkles, contamination, adlayers, and point defects are reviewed. Graphene transfer is briefly discussed as well. Finally, the challenges to make super graphene are discussed and a strategy is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Qing
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yuting Hou
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Congcong Ning
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qisong Wang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou C, Zhang K, Sun X, Zhao X, Zheng K, Mi J, Qing F, Wen Q, Li X. Porous Graphene Produced by Carbothermal Shock for Green Electromagnetic Interference Shielding in Both Microwave and Terahertz Bands. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201493. [PMID: 36642856 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The prospect of graphene-based shielding materials in the form of fillers is limited by the cumbersome preparation of graphene. Herein, defect-tunable porous graphene prepared by carbothermal shock using low-value sucrose as a precursor is proposed as an effective shielding filler. The resultant porous graphene exhibits 32.5 dB shielding efficiency (SE) and 2.5-18 GHz effective bandwidth at a mass loading of 20 wt%, competing with the shielding performance of graphene fillers prepared by other methods. Particularly, defect-rich graphene synthesized by increasing voltage and prolonging time shows increased electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption, echoing the current concept of green shielding. In addition, the strategy of controlling the discharge conditions to improve the absorption by the shield is developed in the terahertz band. The average SE and reflection loss of the samples in the THz band (0.2-1.2 THz) exhibit 40.7 and 15.9 dB at filler loading of 5 wt%, respectively, achieving effective shielding and absorption of THz waves. This work paves a new way for low-cost preparation of graphene for EM interference shielding fillers. Meanwhile, it supplies a reference for the shielding research of the upcoming applications integrating multiple EM bands (such as sixth-generation based integrated sensing and communication).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology ofChina, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology ofChina, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology ofChina, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology ofChina, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawei Mi
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518110, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangzhu Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology ofChina, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518110, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiye Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518110, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology ofChina, 610054, Chengdu, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 518110, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hou Y, Liang M, Qing F, Li X. A time-space conversion method for material synthesis research. iScience 2021; 24:103340. [PMID: 34805796 PMCID: PMC8590076 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on material synthesis is mostly performed through batch by batch testing with each corresponding to a set of parameters and a reaction time. Concurrent experiments that allow for multiple loadings throughout an inhomogeneous reaction zone provide a way to obtain high-throughput results. Here, a time-space conversion method is proposed. By sequentially passing a number of identical objects through a reaction zone, a significant diversity of reactions in one batch can be achieved depending on the spatial distribution and changes with time of the reaction zone. In particular, when the reaction zone is steady, the evolution of a reaction can be associated with the objects at their corresponding reaction stage. This greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of research on material synthesis kinetics. This method may initiate a new wave of material synthesis research and accelerate the development of material science. High-throughput time-space conversion method by adding a moving rate Improving the efficiency and accuracy of research on material synthesis kinetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Minghao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Fangzhu Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.,Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia W, Liu Y, Wang Z, Qing F, Li J, Wang Y, Xiao R, Zhou A, Li G, Yu X, Hu YS, Li H, Wang Z, Huang X, Chen L. Low-temperature fusion fabrication of Li-Cu alloy anode with in situ formed 3D framework of inert LiCu x nanowires for excellent Li storage performance. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1907-1915. [PMID: 36738056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The commercialization of rechargeable Li metal batteries is hindered by dendrite growth and volumetric variation. Herein, we report a Li-rich dual-phase Li-Cu alloy with built-in 3D conductive skeleton to replace conventional planar Li anode. The Li-Cu alloy is simply prepared by fusion of Li and Cu metals at a relatively low-temperature of 500 °C, followed by a cooling process where phase-segregation leads to metallic Li phase distributed in the network of LiCux solid solution phase. Different from the common Li alloy, the electrochemical alloying reaction between Li and Cu metals is not observed. Therefore, the lithiophilic LiCux nanowires guides conformal plating of Li and the porous framework provides superior dimensional stability for the anode. This unique ferroconcrete-like structure of Li-Cu alloy enables dendrite-free Li plating for an expanded cycling lifetime. Constructing a new type of Li alloy with in situ formed electrochemically inactive framework is a promising and easily scaled-up strategy toward practical application of Li metal anodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weishang Jia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yuchi Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Fangzhu Qing
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jingze Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruijuan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Aijun Zhou
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Guobao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuejie Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The transfer process is crucial for obtaining high-quality graphene for its large-scale industrial application. In this review, graphene transfer methods are systematically classified along with an analysis of the contamination or impurity of graphene that is introduced during the transfer process. Two key processes are emphasized, the substrate removal process and the direct/indirect transfer of graphene. Based on the efficiency and cost factors of industrial scale production, various transfer methods are summarized and evaluated. Potential transfer technologies and future research directions for industrial application are prospected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Qing
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Niu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Richard Stehle
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sichuan University - Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Jiang'an Campus, Chengdu 610207, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanfu Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li C, Xue J, Huang A, Ma J, Qing F, Zhou A, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li J. Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) as an advanced organic cathode for potassium-ion-based dual-ion battery. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
7
|
Qing F, Shu Y, Qing L, Niu Y, Guo H, Zhang S, Liu C, Shen C, Zhang W, Mao SS, Zhu W, Li X. A general and simple method for evaluating the electrical transport performance of graphene by the van der Pauw-Hall measurement. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1521-1526. [PMID: 36658834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Expected for many promising applications in the field of electronics and optoelectronics, a reliable method for the characterization of graphene electrical transport properties is desired to predict its device performance or provide feedback for its synthesis. However, the commonly used methods of extracting carrier mobility from graphene field effect transistor or Hall-bar is time consuming, expensive, and significantly affected by the device fabrication process other than graphene itself. Here we reported a general and simple method to evaluate the electrical transport performance of graphene by the van der Pauw-Hall measurement. By annealing graphene in vacuum to remove the adsorbed dopants and then exposing it in ambient surroundings, carrier mobility as a function of density can be measured with the increase of carrier density due to the dopant re-adsorption from the surroundings. Further, the relationship between the carrier mobility and density can be simply fitted with a power equation to the first level approximation, with which any pair of measured carrier mobility and density can be normalized to an arbitrary carrier density for comparison. We experimentally demonstrated the reliability of the method, which is much simpler than making devices and may promote the standard making for graphene characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Linsen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuting Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - He Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Changqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Samuel S Mao
- Institute of New Energy, Shenzhen 518031, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xuesong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhan L, Wang Y, Chang H, Stehle R, Xu J, Gao L, Zhang W, Jia Y, Qing F, Li X. Preparation of Ultra-Smooth Cu Surface for High-Quality Graphene Synthesis. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:340. [PMID: 30361958 PMCID: PMC6202303 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As grown graphene by chemical vapor deposition typically degrades greatly due to the presence of grain boundaries, which limit graphene's excellent properties and integration into advanced applications. It has been demonstrated that there is a strong correlation between substrate morphology and graphene domain density. Here, we investigate how thermal annealing and electro-polishing affects the morphology of Cu foils. Ultra-smooth Cu surfaces can be achieved and maintained at elevated temperatures by electro-polishing after a pre-annealing treatment. This technique has shown to be more effective than just electro-polishing the Cu substrate without pre-annealing. This may be due to the remaining dislocations and point defects within the Cu bulk material moving to the surface when the Cu is heated. Likewise, a pre-annealing step may release them. Graphene grown on annealed electro-polished Cu substrates show a better quality in terms of lower domain density and higher layer uniformity than those grown on Cu substrates with only annealing or only electro-polishing treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huicong Chang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 100094 People’s Republic of China
| | - Richard Stehle
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sichuan University-Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University Jiang’an Campus, Chengdu, 610207 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Libo Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Jia
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 100094 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangzhu Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices & School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sial MN, Usman M, Zheng B, Yu Y, Mavrič A, Qing F, Valant M, Wang ZM. CVD growth of molybdenum diselenide surface structures with tailored morphology. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00917a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controllable atmospheric pressure CVD has been optimized to grow transition metal dichalcogenide MoSe2 with tunable morphology at 750 °C on a silicon substrate with a native oxide layer of 250 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Naeem Sial
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| | - Binjie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| | - Andraž Mavrič
- University of Nova Gorica
- Materials Research Laboratory
- SI-5000 Nova Gorica
- Slovenia
| | - Fangzhu Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- China
| | - Matjaz Valant
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
- University of Nova Gorica
- Materials Research Laboratory
| | - Zhiming M. Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Zhang H, Qing F, Zhao H, Fan H, Liu M, Zhang X. Cellular internalization of rod-like nano hydroxyapatite particles and their size and dose-dependent effects on pre-osteoblasts. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1205-1217. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the size/dose effects of n-HA on pre-osteoblasts, tracked the n-HA migration under TEM, and quantified extracellular and intracellular [Ca2+].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaifa Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
- Faculty of Dentistry
| | - Fangzhu Qing
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Huan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Ming Liu
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qing F, Xie P, Liem YS, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhu X, Fan Y, Yang X, Zhang X. Administration duration influences the effects of low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration on ovariectomized rat bone. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1147-57. [PMID: 26662723 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-magnitude, high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has been proposed as a non-drug anti-osteoporosis treatment. However, the influence of administration duration on its effect is seldom investigated. In this study, the effect of 16-week LMHFV (0.3 g, 30 Hz, 20 min/day) on the bone mineral densities (BMDs), bone mechanical properties, and cellular responses of osteoporotic and healthy rats was examined by in vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), fracture tests, cell assays, and mRNA quantification. Forty-eight adult rats were equally assigned to sham surgery (SHM), sham surgery with LMHFV (SHM+V), ovariectomy (OVX), and ovariectomy with LMHFV (OVX+V) groups. At week 8, LMHFV ameliorated ovariectomy-induced deterioration of trabecular bone, with a significantly higher tibia trabecular BMD (+11.2%) being noted in OVX+V rats (vs. OVX). However, this positive effect was not observed at later time points. Furthermore, 16 weeks of LMHFV caused significant reductions in the vertebral mean BMD (-13.0%), trabecular BMD (-15.7%), and maximum load (-21.5%) in OVX+V rats (vs. OVX). Osteoblasts derived from osteoporotic rat bone explants showed elevated BSP and OSX mRNA expression induced by LMHFV on day 1. However, no further positive effect on osteoblastic mRNA expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, or calcium deposition was observed with prolonged culture time. A higher ratio of RANKL/OPG induced by LMHFV suggests that osteoclastogenesis may be activated. Together, these results demonstrate that administration duration played an important role in the effect of LMHFV. Early exposure to LMHFV can positively modulate osteoporotic bone and osteoblasts; however, the beneficial effect seems not to persist over time. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1147-1157, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Qing
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Pengfei Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yacincha Selushia Liem
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Ying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.,Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang Z, Wang Z, Qing F, Ni Y, Fan Y, Tan Y, Zhang X. Bone morphogenetic protein Smads signaling in mesenchymal stem cells affected by osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1001-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhurong Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Fangzhu Qing
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yilu Ni
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yanfei Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qing F, Wang Z, Hong Y, Liu M, Guo B, Luo H, Zhang X. Selective effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on osteosarcoma cells and osteoblasts. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012; 23:2245-51. [PMID: 22903597 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NPs) on two kinds of cells, human MG63 cells and the normal osteoblasts were investigated. According to the MTT assay and fluorescent staining assay, it was proved that HA-NPs could inhibit the growth of MG63 cells but slightly support proliferation of the osteoblasts. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to observe the ultrastructural alterations of both cells. The TEM results showed that HA-NPs had entered the two kinds of cells. Typical apoptosis was observed in the MG63 cells, especially in the group of 250 μg/mL with 5 days culture. While no apoptosis could be found in the normal osteoblasts at any concentration group of HA-NPs. Our results suggested that the HA-NPs had selective effects to different kinds of cells: supporting proliferation to the normal bone cells while causing apoptosis to the osteosarcoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Qing
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Peoples Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Mi N, Qing F, Liu F, Chen J. [Surface stress analysis of distal extension removable partial denture retained with two types of semi-precision attachments]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2001; 19:283-6. [PMID: 12539480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to analyze the surface stress of the periodontal supporting bone of the bilateral distol extension removable partial denture which is retained by using intra-coronal or extra-coronal semi-precision attachment, and to characterize the biomechanics of these two designs by using a strain gauge. METHODS A fresh human mandible specimen with 76|67 missing and six bilateral partial removable denture retained with six semi-precision attachments were made, including three attachments with intra-coronal studs and three attachments with extra-coronal vertical bars. A total of six 45 degrees rosette strain gauges were bonded at six prepared points on the surface of the mandible to measure the surface stress, including the middle point between 76 of the buccal edentulous alveolar crest area under the denture base verge(point 1), the distal buccal cervix of 5 (point 2), the buccal apical area of 5 (point 3), the buccal middle area of 34 roots (point 4, 5), the lingual middle area of 5 root (point 6). The static loads of 14N, 28N and 42N were applied vertically, buccally 45 degrees, lingually 45 degrees at the middle point of the 6|6 occlusal surface. The micro-strain was recorded, and the maximal/minimal principle stresses were calculated for each RPD and each point. The stress characteristics of these two types of attachments were compared and analyzed. RESULTS In most situations, the stress of these two semi-precision attachments showed significant differences. The vertical load: The stress values of these intra-coronal and extra-coronal attachments at points 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 differed significantly(P < 0.05), including points 1, 2, (sigma intra < sigma extra) and points 3, 4, 6(sigma intra > sigma extra). Buccal loads: The stress values of these intra-coronal and extra-coronal attachments at points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 differed significantly(P < 0.05), including points 1, 2(sigma intra < sigma extra) and points 3, 4, 5(sigma intra > sigma extra). Lingual loads: The stress values of these intra-coronal and extra-coronal attachments at points 2, 3, 4, 6 differed significantly (P < 0.05, sigma intra > sigma extra). The intra-coronal attachment generally produced higher stress at the site of the alveolar bone around the abutment than the extra-coronal attachment, but extra-coronal attachment produced higher stress at the edentulous alveolar crest and the distal cervical alveolar bone of the distal abutment than the intra-coronal attachment. CONCLUSION The intra-coronal attachment is suggested to be applied in some cases that the periodontal condition of distal abutment was good, and the extra-coronal attachment is suggested to be used in some cases that the condition of the edentulous alveolar crest is fairly good, while the periodontal condition of the distal abutment was relatively weak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- College of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qing F, McCarthy TJ, Markham J, Schuster DP. Pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) binding and inhibition in humans. A positron emission tomography study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:2019-25. [PMID: 10852783 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9907036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition attenuates pulmonary hypertension and delays the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in animal models. Thus, ACE inhibition might be a useful treatment for primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). To determine the dose of ACE inhibitor required to specifically block pulmonary ACE in humans, we measured the combined forward rate constant (CFRC) for [(18)F]-fluorocaptopril, which is proportional to the mass of ACE in the lung, using positron emission tomography (PET). In five normal subjects, CFRC was measured twice, 1 wk apart, to assess measurement reproducibility. The CFRC was 0.151 +/- 0.067 for the first measurement and 0.140 +/- 0.060 for the second measurement (p = not significant [NS]). In five normals, CFRC decreased on average 84%, from 0.177 +/- 0.053/s to 0.028 +/- 0.017/s (p < 0.05), after 1 wk ingestion of 5 mg enalapril orally once a day (the scans were performed 24 h after the last medication). Similarly, in five patients with PPH, CFRC decreased on average 76%, from 0.052 +/- 0. 020/s to 0.012 +/- 0.003 (p < 0.01), after 1 wk enalapril, despite much lower baseline values. We conclude that the total mass of pulmonary ACE appears to be significantly reduced in PPH and that only low doses of ACE inhibitors may be needed to block the effects of ACE on vascular remodeling in PPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Qing
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Blumenkranz MS, Woodburn KW, Qing F, Verdooner S, Kessel D, Miller R. Lutetium texaphyrin (Lu-Tex): a potential new agent for ocular fundus angiography and photodynamic therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 129:353-62. [PMID: 10704552 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(99)00462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the suitability of lutetium texaphyrin (lu-tex) as a fluorescence imaging agent in the delineation of retinal vascular and choroidal vascular diseases. The utilization of an efficient fluorescent molecule that is also a photosensitizer represents a unique opportunity to couple diagnosis and therapy. METHODS Fundus fluorescence angiography comparing lu-tex (motexafin lutetium, Optrin, Pharmacyclics Inc, Sunnyvale, California) with the conventional angiographic dyes, sodium fluorescein, and indocynanine green (ICG), was performed on the eyes of normal and laser-injured New Zealand white rabbits. Plasma pharmacokinetic data and plasma protein binding were assessed in addition to light microscopy of the retina in both imaged and laser-injured eyes. RESULTS Normal retinal and choroidal vasculature was well delineated by lu-tex angiography. Experimentally induced choroidal and retinal vascular lesions were enhanced by lu-tex and demonstrated different staining patterns than fluorescein or ICG, particularly at the margins of the lesions. Lu-tex cleared rapidly from the plasma, with 39.7% bound to the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction while 15.8% was bound to the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction. No evidence of retinal toxicity after dye administration was observed by either ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography or by light microscopy. CONCLUSION Lu-tex angiography is a potentially valuable method for retinal vascular and choroidal vascular evaluation, and it has advantages over fluorescein and ICG angiography. The same agent could conceivably be used for both the identification of abnormal vasculature and subsequent photodynamic treatment.
Collapse
|
18
|
Qing F, Rahman SU, Hayes MJ, Rhodes CG, Ind PW, Jones T, Hughes JM. Effect of long-term beta2-agonist dosing on human cardiac beta-adrenoceptor expression in vivo: comparison with changes in lung and mononuclear leukocyte beta-receptors. J Nucl Cardiol 1997; 4:532-8. [PMID: 9456194 DOI: 10.1016/s1071-3581(97)90012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachyphylaxis to the cardiac effects of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation after long-term beta2-agonist administration is well recognized, but the influence on global cardiac beta-adrenoceptor density has not been previously investigated in vivo. Positron emission tomography (PET) has made possible the noninvasive quantification of regional receptor density. This study assesses the effect of long-term beta2-agonist dosing on cardiac beta-adrenoceptors. METHODS AND RESULTS Beta-adrenoceptors in the hearts of 29 healthy male subjects aged 35 +/- 8 years were imaged and quantified in vivo by means of PET and compared with the receptor density in the same subjects' lung tissue. Mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) beta-receptor density was determined in vitro by means of a radioligand binding assay. Beta-receptor density was 8.41 +/- 2.03 pmol/gm tissue in heart, 10.81 +/- 1.91 pmol/gm tissue in lung, and 38.0 +/- 17.5 fmol/mg protein on MNLs. There was a weak relationship between cardiac and pulmonary beta-receptor densities (r = 0.45, p < 0.02) but not between cardiac and MNL receptor density. In seven subjects, the measurements were repeated after 2 weeks of albuterol treatment (4 mg orally twice daily and 200 microg inhaled four times daily in the first week, with doubling of the dose during the second week). After the albuterol treatment, beta-receptor density fell on average by 19% (p < 0.05) in the heart compared with 22% (p < 0.05) in the lung and 42% (p < 0.05) in MNLs. Correlations were found between the percentage changes in receptor density in heart and lung (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) and in heart and MNLs (r = 0.99, p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Two weeks of high-dose albuterol results in equivalent downregulation of beta-receptors in vivo, both in the lung and in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Qing
- Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Qing F, Rahman SU, Rhodes CG, Hayes MJ, Sriskandan S, Ind PW, Jones T, Hughes JM. Pulmonary and cardiac beta-adrenoceptor density in vivo in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:1130-4. [PMID: 9116998 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.155.3.9116998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine whether there is a primary deficit in beta-adrenoceptor density in asthma, pulmonary and cardiac beta-receptor density was determined in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) in 10 male asthmatic subjects (36 +/- 8 yr of age) and compared with that in 30 age-matched normal male subjects (36 +/- 8 yr of age). Pulmonary beta-receptor density was 10.3 +/- 1.8 pmol/g tissue for the asthmatic group and 10.9 +/- 1.9 for the normal group. Cardiac beta-receptor density was 9.1 +/- 3.3 pmol/g for the asthmatic group and 8.8 +/- 2.3 pmol/g for the normal group. There was no difference in either pulmonary or cardiac beta-receptor density between the two groups. In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between FEV1 % predicted and pulmonary beta-receptor density in asthmatic subjects. In conclusion, beta-receptor numbers are normal in untreated asthmatic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Qing
- Department of Medicine (Respiratory Division), Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hayes MJ, Qing F, Rhodes CG, Rahman SU, Ind PW, Sriskandan S, Jones T, Hughes JM. In vivo quantification of human pulmonary beta-adrenoceptors: effect of beta-agonist therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:1277-83. [PMID: 8912736 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In human subjects, chronic beta2-agonist dosing reduces mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) beta-adrenoceptor numbers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this downregulation also occurs in the lung. Seven healthy male subjects were treated for 2 wk with oral (up to 16 mg/d) and inhaled (up to 1.6 mg/d) albuterol (salbutamol in Europe). Pulmonary maximal beta-adrenoceptor binding capacity (Bmax) was determined in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) and the beta-receptor antagonist ligand, 11C-labeled CGP-12177, before and after the 2-wk chronic dosing. MNL Bmax was also measured, using a radioligand binding assay and 3H-labeled CGP-12177. Bronchodilator responses to the beta2-agonist were determined after each PET scan by measuring the change in specific airway conductance (SGaw) after increasing doses of inhaled albuterol. Pulmonary and MNL Bmax fell by 22% +/- 14% (p < 0.05) and 42% +/- 19% (p < 0.05) respectively. The changes in pulmonary and MNL Bmax were correlated (r = 0.9, p < 0.05). There was also a reduction in the bronchodilator response to inhaled albuterol. In a further six subjects, pulmonary and MNL Bmax did not change during an acute infusion of albuterol (2 to 4 microg/kg/h). The reduction in pulmonary beta-adrenoceptor numbers after chronic albuterol dosing may be predictable from the changes observed in circulating MNL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Hayes
- Medical Research Council, Clinical Sciences Center, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qing F, Rhodes CG, Hayes MJ, Krausz T, Fountain SW, Jones T, Hughes JM. In vivo quantification of human pulmonary beta-adrenoceptor density using PET: comparison with in vitro radioligand binding. J Nucl Med 1996; 37:1275-81. [PMID: 8708755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A new method has recently been developed to quantify pulmonary beta-adrenergic receptors in vivo using PET. This study used in vitro radioligand binding assay (RLBA) as the gold standard to validate in vivo PET measurements. METHODS Five male patients with lung cancer aged 57 yr (range 42-67 yr) were studied. PET scanning was performed the day before thoracotomy to determine regional pulmonary beta-receptor density. RLBA was carried out on cell membranes prepared from specimens of lung tissue obtained at the thoracotomy to measure beta-receptor density in vitro. In both cases, the hydrophilic nonselective beta-antagonist radioligand (S)-CGP-12177 was used. For PET studies, this was labeled with 11C and for RLBA with 3H. RESULTS In the PET study, beta-receptor density (Bmax) was 9.43 +/- 1.32 pmole g-1 tissue. In the RLBA study, Bmax was 99.0 +/- 15.5 fmole mg-1 protein, equivalent to 9.90 +/- 1.55 pmole mg-1 tissue. These values are in good agreement with previously reported in vitro measurements on human lung membranes using 125I-iodocyanopindolol. A correlation was found between beta-adrenergic density obtained using PET and beta-adrenergic density obtained using RLBA (r = 0.92; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results support the use of PET as a new method for imaging and the way for studies of physiological and pharmacological regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors through noninvasive serial measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Qing
- MRC Clinical Sciences Center, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qing F, Hayes MJ, Rhodes CG, Krausz T, Fountain SW, Burke MM, Jones T, Hughes JM. Reduced beta adrenoceptor density in vivo in human lung tumours: a preliminary study with positron emission tomography. Thorax 1996; 51:727-32. [PMID: 8882081 PMCID: PMC472497 DOI: 10.1136/thx.51.7.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced beta adrenergic receptor density in tumours has been reported in previous in vitro studies. The aim of the present study was to assess whether this occurs in vivo. METHODS Pulmonary beta adrenoceptors were imaged and quantified in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) and the beta antagonist radioligand (S)-[11C]CGP-12177 in five men with lung tumours of mean age 58 years (range 42-68). The histology of the tumours was squamous cell carcinoma in two cases, adenocarcinoma in one, carcinoid tumour in one, and large cell carcinoma in one. The regional blood volume and extravascular tissue density were also measured using PET. Regions of interest were drawn for both non-tumour and tumour lung tissue. RESULTS The mean (SD) blood volume was 0.142 (0.025) ml/ml in tumour regions and 0.108 (0.010) ml/ml in normal lung regions--a difference of 31%. Mean (SD) extravascular tissue density was 0.653 (0.133) g/ml in tumour regions, substantially higher than in normal lung regions (0.157 (0.021) g/ml). On the contrary, beta receptor density was 5.1 (1.8) pmol/g in tumour regions, lower than the value of 9.9 (1.6) pmol/g found in adjacent normal lung--a difference of 48%. CONCLUSIONS In vivo beta adrenoceptor density is reduced in human lung tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Qing
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Young SW, Qing F, Harriman A, Sessler JL, Dow WC, Mody TD, Hemmi GW, Hao Y, Miller RA. Gadolinium(III) texaphyrin: a tumor selective radiation sensitizer that is detectable by MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:6610-5. [PMID: 8692865 PMCID: PMC39073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium(III) texaphyrin (Gd-tex2+) is representative of a new class of radiation sensitizers detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This porphyrin-like complex has a high electron affinity [E1/2 (red.) approximately = -0.08 V versus normal hydrogen electrode] and forms a long-lived pi-radical cation upon exposure to hydrated electrons, reducing ketyl radicals, or superoxide ions. Consistent with these chemical findings, Gd-tex2+ was found to be an efficient radiation sensitizer in studies carried out with HT29 cells in in vitro as well as in in vivo single and multifraction irradiation studies with a murine mammary carcinoma model. Selective localization of Gd-tex2+ in tumors was confirmed by MRI scanning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W Young
- Pharmacyclics, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Young SW, Qing F, Rubin D, Balkus KJ, Engel JS, Lang J, Dow WC, Mutch JD, Miller RA. Gadolinium zeolite as an oral contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 1995; 5:499-508. [PMID: 8574032 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of a gadolinium (Gd) zeolite suspension as an oral MRI contrast agent. Serial dilutions of GADO-LITE Oral Suspension 1,2-300 micrograms of Gd(III)/mL) were prepared. MRI (T1 and T2 weighted) of standards and dogs (precontrast and postcontrast) were performed. Toxicity and Gd absorption were also assessed. Subsequently, 30 normal male adult volunteers were divided into six groups of five subjects each. Gd zeolite po suspension was administered before and after MRI in volumes and concentrations ranging from 250 to 1500 mL; 6 to 60 micrograms of Gd+3/mL. The images were rated (efficacy score) by a blinded reader. Vital signs, blood chemistries and urinalysis were recorded. Gadolite Oral Suspension produced excellent enhancement of the dog gastrointestinal (GI) tract. No toxicity or absorption of Gd was observed in dogs receiving doses up to 4 times the anticipated human dose daily for 14 consecutive days. In clinical trials, Gd zeolite significantly improved the efficacy scores for all groups and all pulsing sequences (all P values < .05). Efficacy scores and signal intensities generally increased with concentration and volume. No Gd was detected in blood or urine specimens. No significant adverse events were reported. Gd zeolite is a promising contrast medium for enhancement of the GI tract in MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W Young
- Pharmacyclics, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rubin DL, Desser TS, Qing F, Muller HH, Young SW, McIntire GL, Bacon E, Cooper E, Toner J. Nanoparticulate contrast media. Blood-pool and liver-spleen imaging. Invest Radiol 1994; 29 Suppl 2:S280-3. [PMID: 7928256 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199406001-00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Rubin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, 94305
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Desser TS, Rubin DL, Muller HH, Qing F, Khodor S, Zanazzi G, Young SW, Ladd DL, Wellons JA, Kellar KE. Dynamics of tumor imaging with Gd-DTPA-polyethylene glycol polymers: dependence on molecular weight. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994; 4:467-72. [PMID: 8061449 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular contrast media offer potential advantages over freely diffusible agents in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging outside the central nervous system. To identify an optimum molecular weight for macromolecular contrast media, the authors studied a novel macromolecular contrast agent, gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid polyethylene glycol (DTPA-PEG), synthesized in seven polymer (average) molecular weights ranging from 10 to 83 kd. Twenty-eight rabbits bearing V2 carcinoma in thighs underwent T1-weighted spin-echo imaging before injection and 5-60 minutes and 24 hours after injection of the Gd-DTPA-PEG polymers or Gd-DTPA at a gadolinium dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Tumor region-of-interest measurements were obtained at each time point to determine contrast enhancement dynamics. Blood-pool enhancement dynamics were observed for the Gd-DTPA-PEG polymers larger than 20 kd. Polymers smaller than 20 kd displayed dynamics similar to those of the freely diffusible agent Gd-DTPA. Above the 20 kd threshold, tumor enhancement was more rapid for smaller polymers. The authors conclude that the 21.9-kd Gd-DTPA-PEG polymer is best suited for clinical MR imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Desser
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5105
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Young SW, Sidhu MK, Qing F, Muller HH, Neuder M, Zanassi G, Mody TD, Hemmi G, Dow W, Mutch JD. Preclinical evaluation of gadolinium (III) texaphyrin complex. A new paramagnetic contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 1994; 29:330-8. [PMID: 8175308 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199403000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Gadolinium III texaphyrin (Gd[III] texaphyrin) complex, a new magnetic resonance imaging contrast (MRI) agent, was evaluated. METHODS In vitro relaxivity (1.5 T) and stability studies (5% dextrose) were conducted. Subchronic toxicity (8 males, 8 females; 2-20 mumol Gd(III) texaphyrin complex/kg body weight; 3 times per week for 3 weeks). Biodistribution and excretion studies were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats; MRI studies were conducted in normal and tumor-bearing rats and rabbits. RESULTS Relaxivity values were as follows: r1 = 19 (mumol/L.sec)-1 and r2 = 22 (mumol/L.sec)-1. The 21-day subchronic toxicity study revealed no abnormalities. The compound is stable. Biodistribution demonstrated liver uptake. Magnetic resonance imaging in normal (n = 34) and tumor-bearing (n = 4) rats and normal (n = 8) and tumor-bearing (n = 19) rabbits revealed: significant (P < .05) contrast enhancement of liver and kidney after 1-17 mumol/kg of Gd(III) texaphyrin complex. Gadolinium (III) texaphyrin complex (2.5 mumol/kg) produced significant contrast enhancement of liver carcinomas in rabbits (n = 8). Thigh V2 carcinomas (n = 22) had selective (P < .05) enhancement, 5 mumol/kg. In rat fibrosarcomas (n = 4), 17 mumol Gd(III) texaphyrin complex produced significant enhancement up to 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS Gadolinium (III) texaphyrin complex appears to be an effective and safe MRI contrast agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W Young
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ueki J, Rhodes CG, Hughes JM, De Silva R, Lefroy DC, Ind PW, Qing F, Brady F, Luthra SK, Steel CJ. In vivo quantification of pulmonary beta-adrenoceptor density in humans with (S)-[11C]CGP-12177 and PET. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1993; 75:559-65. [PMID: 7901192 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1993.75.2.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo regional distribution of pulmonary beta-adrenoceptors was imaged and quantified in humans with the hydrophilic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (S)-CGP-12177 labeled with carbon-11 [(S)-[11C]CGP-12177] and positron emission tomography (PET). Six normal male volunteers and eight patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied. PET scanning consisted of transmission (tissue density), C15O (blood volume), and (S)-[11C]CGP-12177 (beta-adrenoceptor) emission scans. High-specific-activity (S)-[11C]-CGP-12177 (7.1 +/- 2.0 micrograms, 6.5 +/- 2.1 GBq/mumol) was given intravenously followed by a low-specific-activity (S)-[11C]CGP-12177 injection (34.0 +/- 4.8 micrograms, 2.3 +/- 0.8 GBq/mumol). Binding capacity (Bmax) was calculated in each region of interest as picomoles per gram by normalizing it to the local extravascular tissue density. In normal subjects, average Bmax for all regions of interest was 14.8 +/- 1.6 (SD) pmol/g, which is similar to previously reported in vitro values. In both groups there were no differences in beta-adrenoceptor density between peripheral and central regions nor between right and left lungs. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, extravascular tissue density was 24% higher than in normal subjects; Bmax per milliliter thoracic volume was correspondingly higher but was not different from that in normal subjects when expressed per gram tissue (15.8 +/- 2.6 pmol/g). These data suggest that in vivo beta-adrenoceptor density may be quantifiable in humans with the use of PET. This should offer a means to study physiological regulation through repeat measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ueki
- Medical Research Council Cyclotron Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Qing F. [Changes of beta-receptors in peripheral lymphocytes and hemodynamic characteristics in patients with borderline hypertension]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 1992; 20:109-10. [PMID: 1335408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
The present report summarizes the results of a search for hemoglobinopathies in 142,171 persons in Xinjiang, the results of structural analyses of abnormal hemoglobins in 134 families, and the incidence and distribution of abnormal hemoglobins and the thalassemias in eight ethnic groups or nationalities.
Collapse
|