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Moradi G, Zahraei SM, Khazaei Z, Mohammadi P, Hemmatpour S, Hajibagheri K, Azimian F, Naemi H, Goodarzi E. Epidemiology incidence and geographical distribution of Meningitis using GIS and its incidence prediction in Iran in 2021. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:110. [PMID: 34956956 PMCID: PMC8683783 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Meningitis is classified as a medical emergency where the identification and early treatment of bacterial meningitis can eliminate serious consequences, such as hearing loss, memory problems, learning disabilities, brain damage, seizures, and death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of meningitis using Geographic Information system (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.
Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Then, the disease prediction map was drawn using the Raster Calculator tool.
Results: The results showed that the highest incidence of meningitis during 2010-2015 was in Qazvin, Qom, and Kurdistan provinces. The incidence of meningitis in Iran increased from 9.77 in 2010 to 10.33 in 2015. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamadan, and Mazandaran provinces with 78.89%, 74.68%, 70.07%, 43.97%, and 22.93% of their areas (Km2) are at high risk for meningitis in the coming years, respectively.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamedan, and Mazandaran provinces are at risk of the disease. Monitoring vaccination in high-risk groups can partially prevent the incidence of the disease in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Zahraei
- Department of Vaccination and Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education
| | - Zaher Khazaei
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Parvin Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sirous Hemmatpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Katayoun Hajibagheri
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azimian
- Department of Vaccination and Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education
| | - Hasan Naemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Elham Goodarzi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Zahraei SM, Mohamadi P, Moradi G, Shirzadi S, Azimian F, Khazaei Z, Naemi H, Goodarzi E. Epidemiology incidence and geographical distribution of Pertussis using GIS and its incidence prediction in Iran in 2021. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:108. [PMID: 34956954 PMCID: PMC8683795 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, which causes inflammation of the lungs and respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of pertussis using the geographic information system (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.
Methods: This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, the ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, the disease prediction map was drawn. using the Raster Calculator tool.
Results: The results showed that the highest incidence of pertussis during 2009-2015 was in Zanjan, Qom, Mazandaran, and Qazvin provinces. The incidence of pertussis in Iran increased from 0.74 in 2009 to 1.53 in 2015. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Qom, Mazandaran, Tehran, Qazvin, and Zanjan provinces, with 76.76%, 73.69%, 66.32%, 30.94% and 24.18% of their areas (Km2), are at high risk for pertussis in the coming years, respectively.
Conclusion: The incidence of the disease has been increasing in recent years, indicating the emergence of the disease in Iran. The modeling maps show that the Iranian provinces of Qom, Tehran, Zanjan, and Qazvin are at risk of the disease incidence in the coming years, indicating the need for planning, appropriate interventions and more precise implementation of the vaccination program against the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohsen Zahraei
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mohamadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Azimian
- Iranian Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaher Khazaei
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Hasan Naemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Elham Goodarzi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Hariri S, Sharafi H, Sheikh M, Merat S, Hashemi F, Azimian F, Tamadoni B, Ramazani R, Gouya MM, Abbasi B, Tashakorian M, Alasvand R, Alavian SM, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Continuum of hepatitis C care cascade in prison and following release in the direct-acting antivirals era. Harm Reduct J 2020; 17:80. [PMID: 33081794 PMCID: PMC7576794 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-020-00431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with criminal justice involvement contribute remarkably to the rising hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden; however, the continuum of care is a major barrier to prison-based programs. We aimed to evaluate a comprehensive HCV care model in an Iranian provincial prison. METHODS Between 2017-2018, in the Karaj Central Prison, newly admitted male inmates received HCV antibody testing and venipuncture for RNA testing (antibody-positive only). Participants with positive RNA underwent direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir). Sustained virological response was evaluated at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12). RESULTS Overall, from 3485 participants, 182 (5.2%) and 117 (3.4%) tested positive for HCV antibody and RNA, respectively. Among 116 patients who were eligible for treatment, 24% (n = 28) were released before treatment and 72% (n = 83) initiated DAA therapy, of whom 81% (n = 67/83) completed treatment in prison, and the rest were released. Of total released patients, 68% (n = 30/44) were linked to care in community, and 70% (n = 21/30) completed treatment, including 60% (n = 12/20) and 90% (n = 9/10) among those who were released before and during treatment, respectively. The overall HCV treatment uptake and completion were 89% (n = 103/116) and 85% (n = 88/103), respectively. From people who completed treatment, 43% (n = 38/88) attended for response assessment and all were cured (SVR12 = 100%). CONCLUSIONS Integrated HCV care models are highly effective and can be significantly strengthened by post-release interventions. The close collaboration of community and prison healthcare systems is crucial to promote high levels of treatment adherence. Future studies should investigate the predictors of engagement with HCV care following release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Hariri
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, N. Kargar St., 14117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, N. Kargar St., 14117, Tehran, Iran
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Shahin Merat
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, N. Kargar St., 14117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Hashemi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, N. Kargar St., 14117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azimian
- Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Tamadoni
- Health and Treatment Directorate of Prisons and Security and Corrective Measures Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashid Ramazani
- Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Gouya
- Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Abbasi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, N. Kargar St., 14117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Tashakorian
- Health and Treatment Directorate of Prisons and Security and Corrective Measures Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Alasvand
- Health and Treatment Directorate of Prisons and Security and Corrective Measures Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, N. Kargar St., 14117, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, N. Kargar St., 14117, Tehran, Iran
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Sharafi H, Poustchi H, Azimian F, Tamadoni B, Ramezani R, Gouya MM, Sheikh M, Hashemi F, Tashakorian M, Alasvand R, Alavian SM, Merat S. Performance of a rapid diagnostic test for screening of hepatitis C in a real-life prison setting. J Clin Virol 2019; 113:20-23. [PMID: 30825832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) point-of-care testing using rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is the solution for large-scale, feasible, fast and reliable screening of HCV infection. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of HCV RDT for screening of HCV infection in a real-life prison setting. STUDY DESIGN This study was conducted on individuals admitted and incarcerated in the Central Prison of Karaj, 2017-2018. For all inmates, anti-HCV testing using a RDT on finger-stick blood in the prison and ELISA at the laboratory were performed. For evaluation of reproducibility, more than 1000 cases were recruited for re-evaluation of the HCV RDT using anticoagulated blood in the laboratory. RESULTS Among 1788 participants, 76 (4.25%) and 106 (5.93%) were positive for anti-HCV using RDT and ELISA, respectively. Among 34 cases with discordant results using the RDT and ELISA, 17 were the result of testing error in prison, 7 false positive of ELISA and 10 false negative of RDT in individuals with HCV spontaneous clearance. The sensitivity of the RDT with inclusion of testing error in prison for detection of anti-HCV was 75%. However, with exclusion of testing error in prison and considering HCV RNA as the reference method for diagnosis of current HCV infection the sensitivity reached 100%. The RDT was 100% reproducible using both evaluations in prison and the laboratory. CONCLUSIONS The RDT is a reliable and feasible method for screening of anti-HCV in settings such as a prison. However, the testing should be performed in a standard procedure to have the optimal diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidar Sharafi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azimian
- Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Tamadoni
- Health and Treatment Directorate of Prisons and Security and Corrective Measures Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashid Ramezani
- Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mehdi Gouya
- Centre for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Hashemi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Tashakorian
- Health and Treatment Directorate of Prisons and Security and Corrective Measures Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Alasvand
- Health and Treatment Directorate of Prisons and Security and Corrective Measures Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Merat
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ghiasi F, Amra B, Sebghatollahi V, Azimian F. Association of irritable bowel syndrome and sleep apnea in patients referred to sleep laboratory. J Res Med Sci 2017; 22:72. [PMID: 28717369 PMCID: PMC5508502 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_523_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is assumed as one of the most frequent gastrointestinal disorders, which decreases the patient's quality of life. IBS pathogenesis, however, is not clearly defined. It seems that sleep apnea induces or escalates IBS clinical symptoms. This study aims at evaluating of IBS prevalence in patients, who are afflicted or are not afflicted with sleep apnea. Materials and Methods: This was a case–control study, which was implemented in a sleep laboratory located in Isfahan, Iran. We recruited 200 patients being more than 15 years from 2014 to 2015. Based on the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), we recruited 100 patients in each of two groups: negative sleep apnea (NSA) (AHI ≤4) and positive sleep apnea (PSA) (AHI >4). IBS was diagnosed through a Rome III diagnostic questionnaire. Results: Overall, the prevalence of IBS among patients referred to sleep laboratory was 17.6%. Indeed, IBS prevalence in NSA and PSA groups were 8.2% and 27.1%, respectively. Furthermore, odds ratio of IBS in PSA group versus NSA was 3.92 (95% confidence interval = 1.58–9.77, P = 0.003). Our results showed that the prevalence of IBS did not differ significantly between various severity of sleep apnea (P = 0.452). Conclusion: This study showed that there was a positive association between sleep apnea and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Ghiasi
- Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Amra
- Department of Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vahid Sebghatollahi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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