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Chowdhury SP, Solley SC, Polishchuk E, Bacal J, Conrad JE, Gardner BM, Acosta-Alvear D, Zappa F. Baseline Unfolded Protein Response Signaling Adjusts the Timing of the Mammalian Cell Cycle. Mol Biol Cell 2024:mbcE23110419. [PMID: 38656789 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-11-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a single-copy organelle that cannot be generated de novo, suggesting coordination between the mechanisms overseeing ER integrity and those controlling the cell cycle to maintain organelle inheritance. The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a conserved signaling network that regulates ER homeostasis. Here, we show that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the UPR sensors IRE1, ATF6, and PERK in unstressed cells delays the cell cycle, with PERK inhibition showing the most penetrant effect, which was associated with a slowdown of the G1-to-S/G2 transition. Treatment with the small molecule ISRIB to bypass the effects of PERK-dependent phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2⍺ had no such effect, suggesting that cell cycle timing depends on PERK's kinase activity but is independent of eIF2⍺ phosphorylation. Using complementary light and electron microscopy and flow cytometry-based analyses, we also demonstrate that the ER enlarges before mitosis. Together, our results suggest coordination between UPR signaling and the cell cycle to maintain ER physiology during cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham P Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sabrina C Solley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Julien Bacal
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Julia E Conrad
- Altos Labs Bay Area Institute of Science, Altos Labs, Inc., Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | - Brooke M Gardner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Diego Acosta-Alvear
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Francesca Zappa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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2
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Zappa F, Intartaglia D, Guarino AM, De Cegli R, Wilson C, Salierno FG, Polishchuk E, Sorrentino NC, Conte I, De Matteis MA. Role of trafficking protein particle complex 2 in medaka development. Traffic 2024; 25:e12924. [PMID: 37963679 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal dysplasia spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT) is caused by mutations in the TRAPPC2 gene, which encodes Sedlin, a component of the trafficking protein particle (TRAPP) complex that we have shown previously to be required for the export of type II collagen (Col2) from the endoplasmic reticulum. No vertebrate model for SEDT has been generated thus far. To address this gap, we generated a Sedlin knockout animal by mutating the orthologous TRAPPC2 gene (olSedl) of Oryzias latipes (medaka) fish. OlSedl deficiency leads to embryonic defects, short size, diminished skeletal ossification and altered Col2 production and secretion, resembling human defects observed in SEDT patients. Moreover, SEDT knock-out animals display photoreceptor degeneration and gut morphogenesis defects, suggesting a key role for Sedlin in the development of these organs. Thus, by studying Sedlin function in vivo, we provide evidence for a mechanistic link between TRAPPC2-mediated membrane trafficking, Col2 export, and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zappa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Daniela Intartaglia
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Andrea M Guarino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cegli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Cathal Wilson
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Nicolina Cristina Sorrentino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, TIGEM, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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3
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Boone M, Zappa F. Signaling plasticity in the integrated stress response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1271141. [PMID: 38143923 PMCID: PMC10740175 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1271141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Integrated Stress Response (ISR) is an essential homeostatic signaling network that controls the cell's biosynthetic capacity. Four ISR sensor kinases detect multiple stressors and relay this information to downstream effectors by phosphorylating a common node: the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2. As a result, general protein synthesis is repressed while select transcripts are preferentially translated, thus remodeling the proteome and transcriptome. Mounting evidence supports a view of the ISR as a dynamic signaling network with multiple modulators and feedback regulatory features that vary across cell and tissue types. Here, we discuss updated views on ISR sensor kinase mechanisms, how the subcellular localization of ISR components impacts signaling, and highlight ISR signaling differences across cells and tissues. Finally, we consider crosstalk between the ISR and other signaling pathways as a determinant of cell health.
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4
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Lushchikova OV, Reichegger J, Kollotzek S, Zappa F, Mahmoodi-Darian M, Bartolomei M, Campos-Martínez J, González-Lezana T, Pirani F, Scheier P. Solvation of cationic copper clusters in molecular hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25251-25263. [PMID: 37700714 PMCID: PMC10528801 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiply charged superfluid helium nanodroplets are utilized to facilitate the growth of cationic copper clusters (Cun+, where n = 1-8) that are subsequently solvated with up to 50 H2 molecules. Production of both pristine and protonated cationic Cu clusters are detected mass spectrometrically. A joint effort between experiment and theory allows us to understand the nature of the interactions determining the bonding between pristine and protonated Cu+ and Cu2+ cations and molecular hydrogen. The analysis reveals that in all investigated cationic clusters, the primary solvation shell predominantly exhibits a covalent bonding character, which gradually decreases in strength, while for the subsequent shells an exclusive non-covalent behaviour is found. Interestingly, the calculated evaporation energies associated with the first solvation shell markedly surpass thermal values, positioning them within the desirable range for hydrogen storage applications. This comprehensive study not only provides insights into the solvation of pristine and protonated cationic Cu clusters but also sheds light on their unique bonding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Lushchikova
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - J Reichegger
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - S Kollotzek
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - F Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - M Mahmoodi-Darian
- Department of Physics, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Bartolomei
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Serrano 123, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - J Campos-Martínez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Serrano 123, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - T González-Lezana
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, IFF-CSIC, Serrano 123, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - F Pirani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Universita' di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - P Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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5
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Batjargal T, Zappa F, Grant RJ, Piscopio RA, Chialastri A, Dey SS, Acosta-Alvear D, Wilson MZ. Optogenetic control of the integrated stress response reveals proportional encoding and the stress memory landscape. Cell Syst 2023; 14:551-562.e5. [PMID: 37473728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved signaling network that detects aberrations and computes cellular responses. Dissecting these computations has been difficult because physical and chemical inducers of stress activate multiple parallel pathways. To overcome this challenge, we engineered a photo-switchable control over the ISR sensor kinase PKR (opto-PKR), enabling virtual, on-target activation. Using light to control opto-PKR dynamics, we traced information flow through the transcriptome and for key downstream ISR effectors. Our analyses revealed a biphasic, proportional transcriptional response with two dynamic modes, transient and gradual, that correspond to adaptive and terminal outcomes. We then constructed an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model of the ISR, which demonstrated the dependence of future stress responses on past stress. Finally, we tested our model using high-throughput light-delivery to map the stress memory landscape. Our results demonstrate that cells encode information in stress levels, durations, and the timing between encounters. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taivan Batjargal
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Zappa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J Grant
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Piscopio
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Alex Chialastri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth S Dey
- Center for BioEngineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Diego Acosta-Alvear
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Maxwell Z Wilson
- Center for BioEngineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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6
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Lushchikova OV, Gatchell M, Reichegger J, Kollotzek S, Zappa F, Mahmoodi-Darian M, Scheier P. Structure and formation of copper cluster ions in multiply charged He nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8463-8471. [PMID: 36916872 PMCID: PMC10032196 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure of cationic and anionic Cu clusters grown in multiply charged superfluid He nanodroplets was investigated using He tagging as a chemical probe. Further, the structure assignment was done based on the magic-numbered ions, representing the most energetically favorable structures. The exact geometry of the cluster and positions of He is verified by calculations. It was found that the structure of the clusters grown in the He droplets is similar to that produced with a laser ablation source and the lowest energy structures predicted by theoretical investigations. The only difference is the structure of the Cu5+, which in our experiments has a twisted-X geometry, rather than a bipyramid or planar half-wheel geometry suggested by previous studies. This might be attributed to the different cluster formation mechanisms, the absence of the Ar-tag and the ultracold environment. It was also found that He tends to bind to partially more electro-negative or positive areas of the anionic or cationic clusters, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Lushchikova
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - M Gatchell
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Reichegger
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - S Kollotzek
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - F Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - M Mahmoodi-Darian
- Department of Physics, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - P Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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7
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Zappa F, Muniozguren NL, Wilson MZ, Costello MS, Ponce-Rojas JC, Acosta-Alvear D. Signaling by the integrated stress response kinase PKR is fine-tuned by dynamic clustering. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213199. [PMID: 35522180 PMCID: PMC9086502 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The double-stranded RNA sensor kinase PKR is one of four integrated stress response (ISR) sensor kinases that phosphorylate the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) in response to stress. The current model of PKR activation considers the formation of back-to-back PKR dimers as a prerequisite for signal propagation. Here we show that PKR signaling involves the assembly of dynamic PKR clusters. PKR clustering is driven by ligand binding to PKR’s sensor domain and by front-to-front interfaces between PKR’s kinase domains. PKR clusters are discrete, heterogeneous, autonomous coalescences that share some protein components with processing bodies. Strikingly, eIF2α is not recruited to PKR clusters, and PKR cluster disruption enhances eIF2α phosphorylation. Together, these results support a model in which PKR clustering may limit encounters between PKR and eIF2α to buffer downstream signaling and prevent the ISR from misfiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zappa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Nerea L Muniozguren
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Maxwell Z Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Michael S Costello
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Jose Carlos Ponce-Rojas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Diego Acosta-Alvear
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA
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8
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Zappa F, Madoglio A, Ferrari M, Mattavelli D, Schreiber A, Taboni S, Ferrari E, Rampinelli V, Belotti F, Piazza C, Fontanella MM, Nicolai P, Doglietto F. Hybrid Robotics for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery: Single-Centre Case Series. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:426-435. [PMID: 34624091 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only preclinical studies and case reports have described robotic surgery for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of a novel robotic endoscope holder, developed for transsphenoidal surgery. METHODS Patients were prospectively enrolled for 3 mo at the Neurosurgery Unit of Brescia. Endoscope Robot® was used to assist during the sphenoidal phase of the approach, tumor removal, and skull base reconstruction. A Likert scale questionnaire was given to all surgeons after each procedure. Patients who underwent robotic-assisted surgery were matched with nonrobotic ones for pathology and type of procedure. All surgical videos were evaluated during bimanual phases. RESULTS Twenty-one patients underwent robot-assisted, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for different pathologies (16 pituitary adenomas, 3 chordomas, 1 craniopharyngioma, 1 pituitary exploration for Cushing disease) for a total of 23 procedures (1 patient underwent 2 endoscopic revisions of a skull base reconstruction). Subjective advantages reported by surgeons included smoothness of movement, image steadiness, and improvement of maneuvers in narrow spaces and with angled endoscopes; as the main limitation, Endoscope Robot® appeared to be relatively heavy during the initial endoscope positioning. A comparative analysis with a historical matched cohort documented similar clinical outcomes, while endoscope lens cleaning and position readjustments were significantly less frequent in robotic procedures. CONCLUSION Although confirmation in larger studies is needed, Endoscope Robot® was a safe and effective tool, especially advantageous in lengthy interventions through deep and narrow corridors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zappa
- Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alba Madoglio
- Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Section of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Davide Mattavelli
- Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Schreiber
- Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Taboni
- Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Section of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Erika Ferrari
- Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rampinelli
- Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Belotti
- Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cesare Piazza
- Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Doglietto
- Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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9
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Tarallo A, Damiano C, Strollo S, Minopoli N, Indrieri A, Polishchuk E, Zappa F, Nusco E, Fecarotta S, Porto C, Coletta M, Iacono R, Moracci M, Polishchuk R, Medina DL, Imbimbo P, Monti DM, De Matteis MA, Parenti G. Correction of oxidative stress enhances enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14434. [PMID: 34606154 PMCID: PMC8573602 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease is a metabolic myopathy due to acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency. In addition to glycogen storage, secondary dysregulation of cellular functions, such as autophagy and oxidative stress, contributes to the disease pathophysiology. We have tested whether oxidative stress impacts on enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA), currently the standard of care for Pompe disease patients, and whether correction of oxidative stress may be beneficial for rhGAA therapy. We found elevated oxidative stress levels in tissues from the Pompe disease murine model and in patients' cells. In cells, stress levels inversely correlated with the ability of rhGAA to correct the enzymatic deficiency. Antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, idebenone, resveratrol, edaravone) improved alpha-glucosidase activity in rhGAA-treated cells, enhanced enzyme processing, and improved mannose-6-phosphate receptor localization. When co-administered with rhGAA, antioxidants improved alpha-glucosidase activity in tissues from the Pompe disease mouse model. These results indicate that oxidative stress impacts on the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease and that manipulation of secondary abnormalities may represent a strategy to improve the efficacy of therapies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Tarallo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Carla Damiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Sandra Strollo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
| | - Nadia Minopoli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Alessia Indrieri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB)National Research Council (CNR)MilanItaly
| | | | - Francesca Zappa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Present address:
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA
| | - Edoardo Nusco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
| | - Simona Fecarotta
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Caterina Porto
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Marcella Coletta
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
- Present address:
IInd Division of NeurologyMultiple Sclerosis CenterUniversity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly
| | - Roberta Iacono
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. AngeloNaplesItaly
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources ‐ National Research Council of ItalyNaplesItaly
| | - Marco Moracci
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte S. AngeloNaplesItaly
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources ‐ National Research Council of ItalyNaplesItaly
| | | | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Paola Imbimbo
- Department of Chemical SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | | | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical BiotechnologiesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
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10
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Abstract
Precharged helium nanodroplets can be used in doping experiments with the advantage that they are amenable to size selection with electrostatic fields, therefore adding a useful tuning parameter for dopant growth. For all these applications, the knowledge of the size distribution of charged droplets is an essential parameter, which we have so far assumed would be equivalent to that of their neutral precursors. Here, this assumption is experimentally investigated for negatively charged clusters for temperatures between 4 and 9 K at a stagnation pressure of 2 MPa. We observe a dependency of the velocity of the droplets on mass per charge, especially at the lowest temperatures of the investigated range, and values 20% lower than those known from the literature. Below 6 K, a large deviation from the literature is also found for the average droplet sizes. This information has to be taken into consideration in future experiments where large, charged droplets are sought to produce large dopant clusters. Possible origins for this deviation are discussed in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laimer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Departamento de Física-ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - P Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Rauch JN, Valois E, Ponce-Rojas JC, Aralis Z, Lach RS, Zappa F, Audouard M, Solley SC, Vaidya C, Costello M, Smith H, Javanbakht A, Malear B, Polito L, Comer S, Arn K, Kosik KS, Acosta-Alvear D, Wilson MZ, Fitzgibbons L, Arias C. Comparison of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Screening Using Reverse Transcriptase-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction or CRISPR-Based Assays in Asymptomatic College Students. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2037129. [PMID: 33570576 PMCID: PMC7879237 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The reopening of colleges and universities in the US during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a significant public health challenge. The development of accessible and practical approaches for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection in the college population is paramount for deploying recurrent surveillance testing as an essential strategy for virus detection, containment, and mitigation. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic participants in a university community by using CREST (Cas13-based, rugged, equitable, scalable testing), a CRISPR-based test developed for accessible and large-scale viral screening. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS For this cohort study, a total of 1808 asymptomatic participants were screened for SARS-CoV-2 using a CRISPR-based assay and a point-of-reference reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test. Viral prevalence in self-collected oropharyngeal swab samples collected from May 28 to June 11, 2020, and from June 23 to July 2, 2020, was evaluated. EXPOSURES Testing for SARS-CoV-2. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 status, viral load, and demographic information of the study participants were collected. RESULTS Among the 1808 participants (mean [SD] age, 27.3 [11.0] years; 955 [52.8%] female), 732 underwent testing from May to early June (mean [SD] age, 28.4 [11.7] years; 392 [53.6%] female). All test results in this cohort were negative. In contrast, 1076 participants underwent testing from late June to early July (mean [SD] age, 26.6 [10.5] years; 563 [52.3%] female), with 9 positive results by RT-qPCR. Eight of these positive samples were detected by the CRISPR-based assay and confirmed by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified diagnostic testing. The mean (SD) age of the positive cases was 21.7 (3.3) years; all 8 individuals self-identified as students. These metrics showed that a CRISPR-based assay was effective at capturing positive SARS-CoV-2 cases in this student population. Notably, the viral loads detected in these asymptomatic cases resemble those seen in clinical samples, highlighting the potential of covert viral transmission. The shift in viral prevalence coincided with the relaxation of stay-at-home measures. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings reveal a shift in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in a young and asymptomatic population and uncover the leading edge of a local outbreak that coincided with rising case counts in the surrounding county and the state of California. The concordance between CRISPR-based and RT-qPCR testing suggests that CRISPR-based assays are reliable and offer alternative options for surveillance testing and detection of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, as is required to resume operations in higher-education institutions in the US and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Rauch
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Eric Valois
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Jose Carlos Ponce-Rojas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Zach Aralis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Ryan S. Lach
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Francesca Zappa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Morgane Audouard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Sabrina C. Solley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Chinmay Vaidya
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Michael Costello
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Holly Smith
- Student Health Service, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Ali Javanbakht
- Student Health Service, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Betsy Malear
- Student Health Service, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Laura Polito
- Student Health Service, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Stewart Comer
- Department of Pathology, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
- Pacific Diagnostic Laboratories, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Katherine Arn
- Department of Medical Education, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Kenneth S. Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Diego Acosta-Alvear
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Maxwell Z. Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara
- Center for BioEngineering, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Lynn Fitzgibbons
- Department of Medical Education, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Carolina Arias
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara
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12
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Di Sieno L, Ferocino E, Conca E, Sesta V, Buttafava M, Villa F, Zappa F, Contini D, Torricelli A, Taroni P, Tosi A, Pifferi A, Dalla Mora A. Time-domain diffuse optics with 8.6 mm 2 fast-gated SiPM for extreme light harvesting. Opt Lett 2021; 46:424-427. [PMID: 33449045 DOI: 10.1364/ol.413577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast time-gated single-photon detectors demonstrated high depth sensitivity in the detection of localized absorption perturbations inside scattering media, but their use for in vivo clinical applications-such as functional imaging of brain activation-was impaired by their small (<0.04mm2) active area. Here, we demonstrate, both on phantoms and in vivo, the performance of a fast-gated digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) that features an overall active area of 8.6mm2, overcoming the photon collection capability of established time-gated single-pixel detectors by orders of magnitude, enabling deep investigations within scattering media and high signal-to-noise ratios at late photon arrival times.
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13
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14
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Tiefenthaler L, Ameixa J, Martini P, Albertini S, Ballauf L, Zankl M, Goulart M, Laimer F, von Haeften K, Zappa F, Scheier P. An intense source for cold cluster ions of a specific composition. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:033315. [PMID: 32260000 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The demand for nanoscale materials of ultra-high purity and narrow size distribution is addressed. Clusters of Au, C60, H2O, and serine are produced inside helium nanodroplets using a combination of ionization, mass filtering, collisions with atomic or molecular vapor, and electrostatic extraction, in a specific and novel sequence. The helium droplets are produced in an expansion of cold helium gas through a nozzle into vacuum. The droplets are ionized by electron bombardment and subjected to a mass filter. The ionic and mass-selected helium droplets are then guided through a vacuum chamber filled with atomic or molecular vapor where they collide and "pick up" the vapor. The dopants then agglomerate inside the helium droplets around charge centers to singly charged clusters. Evaporation of the helium droplets is induced by collisions in a helium-filled radio frequency (RF)-hexapole, which liberates the cluster ions from the host droplets. The clusters are analyzed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is demonstrated that using this sequence, the size distribution of the dopant cluster ions is distinctly narrower compared to ionization after pickup. Likewise, the ion cluster beam is more intense. The mass spectra show, as well, that ion clusters of the dopants can be produced with only few helium atoms attached, which will be important for messenger spectroscopy. All these findings are important for the scientific research of clusters and nanoscale materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tiefenthaler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J Ameixa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Martini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Albertini
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Ballauf
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Zankl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Goulart
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Laimer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K von Haeften
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - F Zappa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Staiano L, Zappa F. Hijacking intracellular membranes to feed autophagosomal growth. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3120-3134. [PMID: 31603532 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is widely considered as a housekeeping mechanism that enables cells to survive stress conditions and, in particular, nutrient deprivation. Autophagy begins with the formation of the phagophore that expands and closes around cytosolic material and damaged organelles destined for degradation. The execution of this complex machinery is guaranteed by the coordinated action of more than 40 ATG (autophagy-related) proteins that control the entire process at different stages from the biogenesis of the autophagosome to cargo sequestration and fusion with lysosomes. Autophagosome biogenesis occurs at multiple intracellular sites, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane. Soon after the formation of the phagophore, the nascent autophagosome progressively grows in size and ultimately closes by recruiting intracellular membranes. In this review, we focus on the contribution of three membrane sources - the ER, the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, and the Golgi complex - to autophagosome biogenesis and expansion. We also highlight the interplay between the secretory pathway and autophagy in cells when nutrients are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Staiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Zappa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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16
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Zappa F, Wilson C, Di Tullio G, Santoro M, Pucci P, Monti M, D'Amico D, Pisonero-Vaquero S, De Cegli R, Romano A, Saleem MA, Polishchuk E, Failli M, Giaquinto L, De Matteis MA. The TRAPP complex mediates secretion arrest induced by stress granule assembly. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101704. [PMID: 31429971 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The TRAnsport Protein Particle (TRAPP) complex controls multiple membrane trafficking steps and is strategically positioned to mediate cell adaptation to diverse environmental conditions, including acute stress. We have identified the TRAPP complex as a component of a branch of the integrated stress response that impinges on the early secretory pathway. The TRAPP complex associates with and drives the recruitment of the COPII coat to stress granules (SGs) leading to vesiculation of the Golgi complex and arrest of ER export. The relocation of the TRAPP complex and COPII to SGs only occurs in cycling cells and is CDK1/2-dependent, being driven by the interaction of TRAPP with hnRNPK, a CDK substrate that associates with SGs when phosphorylated. In addition, CDK1/2 inhibition impairs TRAPP complex/COPII relocation to SGs while stabilizing them at ER exit sites. Importantly, the TRAPP complex controls the maturation of SGs. SGs that assemble in TRAPP-depleted cells are smaller and are no longer able to recruit RACK1 and Raptor, two TRAPP-interactive signaling proteins, sensitizing cells to stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zappa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Cathal Wilson
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | | | - Michele Santoro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | | | | | - Davide D'Amico
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | | | - Rossella De Cegli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Alessia Romano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Mario Failli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Laura Giaquinto
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.,Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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17
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Doglietto F, Belotti F, Nucci CG, Roca E, Mattogno PP, Zappa F, Migliorati K, Panciani PP, Spena G, Cereda C, Cornali C, Fontanella MM. Three-Dimensional High-Definition Ventriculoscope: Single-Center Case Series. World Neurosurg 2019; 125:e978-e983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Zappa F, Failli M, De Matteis MA. The Golgi complex in disease and therapy. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 50:102-116. [PMID: 29614425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex occupies a strategic position in the endomembrane system and acts not only as a key trafficking and sorting station and a vital biosynthetic center for glycoproteins and lipids, but also as an active signaling hub. As such, the Golgi complex participates in the establishment and maintenance of cell compartmentalization and in general, cell processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. The different functions of the Golgi complex are executed by composite molecular machineries that have been exhaustively dissected over the last three decades. These machineries can become dysfunctional as a result of mutations in the respective encoding genes or may be hijacked by infectious agents or misregulated in the course of multifactorial diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Small molecules targeting components of these machineries have been instrumental in dissecting their functions in in vitro studies and some of them have been developed or are currently under development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zappa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Mario Failli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Zappa
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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20
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Goulart M, Zappa F, Ellis AM, Bartl P, Ralser S, Scheier P. Electron ionization of helium droplets containing C60 and alcohol clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24197-24201. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic chemical reactions at similar conditions as the interstellar medium can be heavily hampered by the presence of C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Goulart
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Innsbruck
- Austria
- Departamento de Física
- UFJF
| | - F. Zappa
- Departamento de Física
- UFJF
- Juiz de Fora
- Brazil
| | - A. M. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Leicester
- UK
| | - P. Bartl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - S. Ralser
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - P. Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Innsbruck
- Austria
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21
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Piacentini F, Avella A, Levi MP, Gramegna M, Brida G, Degiovanni IP, Cohen E, Lussana R, Villa F, Tosi A, Zappa F, Genovese M. Measuring Incompatible Observables by Exploiting Sequential Weak Values. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:170402. [PMID: 27824450 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.170402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most intriguing aspects of quantum mechanics is the impossibility of measuring at the same time observables corresponding to noncommuting operators, because of quantum uncertainty. This impossibility can be partially relaxed when considering joint or sequential weak value evaluation. Indeed, weak value measurements have been a real breakthrough in the quantum measurement framework that is of the utmost interest from both a fundamental and an applicative point of view. In this Letter, we show how we realized for the first time a sequential weak value evaluation of two incompatible observables using a genuine single-photon experiment. These (sometimes anomalous) sequential weak values revealed the single-operator weak values, as well as the local correlation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Piacentini
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - A Avella
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - M P Levi
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - M Gramegna
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - G Brida
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | | | - E Cohen
- Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - R Lussana
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Villa
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A Tosi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Zappa
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Genovese
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy and INFN, Via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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22
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Spena G, Schucht P, Seidel K, Rutten GJ, Freyschlag CF, D'Agata F, Costi E, Zappa F, Fontanella M, Fontaine D, Almairac F, Cavallo M, De Bonis P, Conesa G, Foroglou N, Gil-Robles S, Mandonnet E, Martino J, Picht T, Viegas C, Wager M, Pallud J. Brain tumors in eloquent areas: A European multicenter survey of intraoperative mapping techniques, intraoperative seizures occurrence, and antiepileptic drug prophylaxis. Neurosurg Rev 2016; 40:287-298. [PMID: 27481498 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-016-0771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative mapping and monitoring techniques for eloquent area tumors are routinely used world wide. Very few data are available regarding mapping and monitoring methods and preferences, intraoperative seizures occurrence and perioperative antiepileptic drug management. A questionnaire was sent to 20 European centers with experience in intraoperative mapping or neurophysiological monitoring for the treatment of eloquent area tumors. Fifteen centers returned the completed questionnaires. Data was available on 2098 patients. 863 patients (41.1%) were operated on through awake surgery and intraoperative mapping, while 1235 patients (58.8%) received asleep surgery and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring or mapping. There was great heterogeneity between centers with some totally AW oriented (up to 100%) and other almost totally ASL oriented (up to 92%) (31% SD). For awake surgery, 79.9% centers preferred an asleep-awake-asleep anesthesia protocol. Only 53.3% of the centers used ECoG or transcutaneous EEG. The incidence of intraoperative seizures varied significantly between centers, ranging from 2.5% to 54% (p < 0.001). It there appears to be a statistically significant link between the mastery of mapping technique and the risk of intraoperative seizures. Moreover, history of preoperative seizures can significantly increase the risk of intraoperative seizures (p < 0.001). Intraoperative seizures occurrence was similar in patients with or without perioperative drugs (12% vs. 12%, p = 0.2). This is the first European survey to assess intraoperative functional mapping and monitoring protocols and the management of peri- and intraoperative seizures. This data can help identify specific aspects that need to be investigated in prospective and controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannantonio Spena
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Scala 7, Piano 3°, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25121, Brescia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emanule Costi
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Scala 7, Piano 3°, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Zappa
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Scala 7, Piano 3°, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Fontanella
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Scala 7, Piano 3°, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25121, Brescia, Italy
| | - Denys Fontaine
- Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Fabien Almairac
- Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas Foroglou
- Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Juan Martino
- Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Thomas Picht
- Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michel Wager
- Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Johan Pallud
- Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne and Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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23
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Piacentini F, Avella A, Levi MP, Lussana R, Villa F, Tosi A, Zappa F, Gramegna M, Brida G, Degiovanni IP, Genovese M. Experiment Investigating the Connection between Weak Values and Contextuality. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:180401. [PMID: 27203309 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.180401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Weak value measurements have recently given rise to a great amount of interest in both the possibility of measurement amplification and the chance for further quantum mechanics foundations investigation. In particular, a question emerged about weak values being proof of the incompatibility between quantum mechanics and noncontextual hidden variables theories (NCHVTs). A test to provide a conclusive answer to this question was given by Pusey [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 200401 (2014)], where a theorem was derived showing the NCHVT incompatibility with the observation of anomalous weak values under specific conditions. In this Letter we realize this proposal, clearly pointing out the connection between weak values and the contextual nature of quantum mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Piacentini
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - A Avella
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - M P Levi
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - R Lussana
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Villa
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A Tosi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Zappa
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Gramegna
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - G Brida
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | | | - M Genovese
- INRIM, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
- INFN, Via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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Trimèche A, Houdoux D, Rahmat G, Dulieu O, Schneider I, Medina A, Jalbert G, Zappa F, Carvalho CD, Nascimento R, Faria NDC, Robert J. Fast metastable hydrogen atoms from H 2molecules: twin atoms. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158404002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Martins J, Borges B, Machado R, Carpanez A, Grazul R, Zappa F, Melo W, Rocco M, Pinho R, Lima C. Evaluation of chemical kinetics in positive photoresists using laser desorption ionization. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Joerger M, Baty F, Früh M, Droege C, Stahel RA, Betticher DC, von Moos R, Ochsenbein A, Pless M, Gautschi O, Rothschild S, Brauchli P, Klingbiel D, Zappa F, Brutsche M. Circulating microRNA profiling in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC receiving bevacizumab/erlotinib followed by platinum-based chemotherapy at progression (SAKK 19/05). Lung Cancer 2014; 85:306-13. [PMID: 24928469 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular subclassification of non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential to improve clinical outcome. This study assessed the prognostic and predictive value of circulating micro-RNA (miRNA) in patients with non-squamous NSCLC enrolled in the phase II SAKK (Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research) trial 19/05, receiving uniform treatment with first-line bevacizumab and erlotinib followed by platinum-based chemotherapy at progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients with baseline and 24 h blood samples were included from SAKK 19/05. The primary study endpoint was to identify prognostic (overall survival, OS) miRNA's. Patient samples were analyzed with Agilent human miRNA 8x60K microarrays, each glass slide formatted with eight high-definition 60K arrays. Each array contained 40 probes targeting each of the 1347 miRNA. Data preprocessing included quantile normalization using robust multi-array average (RMA) algorithm. Prognostic and predictive miRNA expression profiles were identified by Spearman's rank correlation test (percentage tumor shrinkage) or log-rank testing (for time-to-event endpoints). RESULTS Data preprocessing kept 49 patients and 424 miRNA for further analysis. Ten miRNA's were significantly associated with OS, with hsa-miR-29a being the strongest prognostic marker (HR=6.44, 95%-CI 2.39-17.33). Patients with high has-miR-29a expression had a significantly lower survival at 10 months compared to patients with a low expression (54% versus 83%). Six out of the 10 miRNA's (hsa-miRN-29a, hsa-miR-542-5p, hsa-miR-502-3p, hsa-miR-376a, hsa-miR-500a, hsa-miR-424) were insensitive to perturbations according to jackknife cross-validation on their HR for OS. The respective principal component analysis (PCA) defined a meta-miRNA signature including the same 6 miRNA's, resulting in a HR of 0.66 (95%-CI 0.53-0.82). CONCLUSION Cell-free circulating miRNA-profiling successfully identified a highly prognostic 6-gene signature in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC. Circulating miRNA profiling should further be validated in external cohorts for the selection and monitoring of systemic treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Joerger
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - F Baty
- Department of Pneumology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - M Früh
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - C Droege
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - R A Stahel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D C Betticher
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - R von Moos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Chur, Switzerland
| | - A Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Pless
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - O Gautschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - S Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - P Brauchli
- SAKK Coordinating Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - F Zappa
- Oncology Department, Clinica Luganese, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - M Brutsche
- Department of Pneumology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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27
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Mauracher A, Kaiser A, Probst M, Zöttl S, Daxner M, Postler J, Goulart M, Zappa F, Bohme D, Scheier P. Decorating (C 60) n+, n = 1-3, with CO 2 at low temperatures: Sterically enhanced physisorption. Int J Mass Spectrom 2013; 354-355:271-274. [PMID: 25844047 PMCID: PMC4376293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple attachment of CO2 to the monomer, dimer and trimer cations of C60 has been observed in the mass spectra of He nanodroplets sequentially doped with C60 and CO2 and exposed to electron ionization at 50 eV. Remarkable anomalies were seen in the ion yield for CO2 coverage for (C60)2+(CO2)8 and (C60)3+(CO2)1,2. These provide insight into the influence of steric properties on the nature of physisorption. The enhanced stabilities of (C60)2+(CO2)8 and (C60)3+(CO2)1,2 are attributed to physisorption inside the "groove" of the dimer and the two "dimples" in the trimer cations of C60. Molecular dynamics simulations provide a qualitative assessment of the observed physisorption and a useful visualization of structural aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mauracher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A. Kaiser
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Probst
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Zöttl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M. Daxner
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - J. Postler
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M.M. Goulart
- Departamento de Física, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - F. Zappa
- Departamento de Física, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
| | - D.K. Bohme
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3 J 1P3, Canada
| | - P. Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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28
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Robert J, Zappa F, de Carvalho CR, Jalbert G, Nascimento RF, Trimeche A, Dulieu O, Medina A, Carvalho C, Faria NVDC. Experimental evidence of twin fast metastable H(2(2)S) atoms from dissociation of cold H2 induced by electrons. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:183203. [PMID: 24237516 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.183203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct detection of two metastable H(2^{2}S) atoms coming from the dissociation of a single cold H(2) molecule, in coincidence measurements. The molecular dissociation was induced by electron impact in order to avoid limitations by the selection rules governing radiative transitions. Two detectors, placed close to the collision center, measure the neutral metastable H(2(2)S) through a localized quenching process, which mixes the H(2^{2}S) state with the H(2^{2}P), leading to a Lyman-α detection. Our data show the accomplishment of a coincidence measurement which proves for the first time the existence of the H(2(2)S)-H(2(2)S) dissociation channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS/Univ Paris-Sud/ENS Cachan, Bâtiment 505, Campus d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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29
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Joerger M, Baty F, Stahel R, Betticher D, von Moos R, Pless M, Gautschi O, Brauchli P, Zappa F, Brutsche M. 25PD CIRCULATING MICRO-RNA PROFILING IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED NON-SQUAMOUS NON SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER RECEIVING BEVACIZUMAB/ERLOTINIB FIRST-LINE TREATMENT FOLLOWED BY PLATINUM-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY AT DISEASE PROGRESSION (SAKK 19/05). Lung Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(13)70246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Abstract
"Indirect" time-of-flight is one technique to obtain depth-resolved images through active illumination that is becoming more popular in the recent years. Several methods and light timing patterns are used nowadays, aimed at improving measurement precision with smarter algorithms, while using less and less light power. Purpose of this work is to present an indirect time-of-flight imaging camera based on pulsed-light active illumination and a 32 × 32 single-photon avalanche diode array with an improved illumination timing pattern, able to increase depth resolution and to reach single-photon level sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bellisai
- Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
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31
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Michalet X, Colyer RA, Scalia G, Ingargiola A, Lin R, Millaud JE, Weiss S, Siegmund OHW, Tremsin AS, Vallerga JV, Cheng A, Levi M, Aharoni D, Arisaka K, Villa F, Guerrieri F, Panzeri F, Rech I, Gulinatti A, Zappa F, Ghioni M, Cova S. Development of new photon-counting detectors for single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120035. [PMID: 23267185 PMCID: PMC3538434 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two optical configurations are commonly used in single-molecule fluorescence microscopy: point-like excitation and detection to study freely diffusing molecules, and wide field illumination and detection to study surface immobilized or slowly diffusing molecules. Both approaches have common features, but also differ in significant aspects. In particular, they use different detectors, which share some requirements but also have major technical differences. Currently, two types of detectors best fulfil the needs of each approach: single-photon-counting avalanche diodes (SPADs) for point-like detection, and electron-multiplying charge-coupled devices (EMCCDs) for wide field detection. However, there is room for improvements in both cases. The first configuration suffers from low throughput owing to the analysis of data from a single location. The second, on the other hand, is limited to relatively low frame rates and loses the benefit of single-photon-counting approaches. During the past few years, new developments in point-like and wide field detectors have started addressing some of these issues. Here, we describe our recent progresses towards increasing the throughput of single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy in solution using parallel arrays of SPADs. We also discuss our development of large area photon-counting cameras achieving subnanosecond resolution for fluorescence lifetime imaging applications at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Michalet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA.
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32
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Markovic B, Tamborini D, Villa F, Tisa S, Tosi A, Zappa F. 10 ps resolution, 160 ns full scale range and less than 1.5% differential non-linearity time-to-digital converter module for high performance timing measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:074703. [PMID: 22852708 DOI: 10.1063/1.4733705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact high performance time-to-digital converter (TDC) module that provides 10 ps timing resolution, 160 ns dynamic range and a differential non-linearity better than 1.5% LSB(rms). The TDC can be operated either as a general-purpose time-interval measurement device, when receiving external START and STOP pulses, or in photon-timing mode, when employing the on-chip SPAD (single photon avalanche diode) detector for detecting photons and time-tagging them. The instrument precision is 15 ps(rms) (i.e., 36 ps(FWHM)) and in photon timing mode it is still better than 70 ps(FWHM). The USB link to the remote PC allows the easy setting of measurement parameters, the fast download of acquired data, and their visualization and storing via an user-friendly software interface. The module proves to be the best candidate for a wide variety of applications such as: fluorescence lifetime imaging, time-of-flight ranging measurements, time-resolved positron emission tomography, single-molecule spectroscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, diffuse optical tomography, optical time-domain reflectometry, quantum optics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Markovic
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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33
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Mazurenka M, Jelzow A, Wabnitz H, Contini D, Spinelli L, Pifferi A, Cubeddu R, Mora AD, Tosi A, Zappa F, Macdonald R. Non-contact time-resolved diffuse reflectance imaging at null source-detector separation. Opt Express 2012; 20:283-90. [PMID: 22274351 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report results of the proof-of-principle tests of a novel non-contact tissue imaging system. The system utilizes a quasi-null source-detector separation approach for time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy, taking advantage of an innovative state-of-the-art fast-gated single photon counting detector. Measurements on phantoms demonstrate the feasibility of the non-contact approach for the detection of optically absorbing perturbations buried up to a few centimeters beneath the surface of a tissue-like turbid medium. The measured depth sensitivity and spatial resolution of the new system are close to the values predicted by Monte Carlo simulations for the inhomogeneous medium and an ideal fast-gated detector, thus proving the feasibility of the non-contact approach for high density diffuse reflectance measurements on tissue. Potential applications of the system are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mazurenka
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
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34
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Brutsche MH, Frueh M, Crowe S, Na KJ, Droege C, Betticher DC, von Moos R, Zappa F, Pless M, Bubendorf L, Baty F. Exonic expression variations of EGFR and KRAS in small bronchoscopic biopsies from patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated by combined bevacizumab/erlotinib therapy followed by platinum-based chemotherapy at disease progression: A multicenter phase II trial SAKK19/05. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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35
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Zappa F, Droege C, Betticher DC, von Moos R, Brutsche MH, Baty F, Bubendorf L, Ochsenbein A, Oppliger Leibundgut E, Gautschi O, Froesch P, Stahel RA, Rauch D, Schmid P, Mayer M, Crowe S, Brauchli P, Ribi K, Pless M. Bevacizumab (B) and erlotinib (E) as first-line therapy in metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) followed by platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) at disease progression (PD): A multicenter phase II trial, SAKK 19/05. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.7561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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36
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Baty F, Frueh M, Crowe S, Na KJ, Droege C, Betticher DC, Cathomas R, Zappa F, Pless M, Brutsche MH. Whole blood transcriptomics analysis of 24h responses to bevacizumab/erlotinib in nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter phase II trial SAKK19/05. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e21069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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37
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Michalet X, Colyer RA, Scalia G, Weiss S, Siegmund OHW, Tremsin AS, Vallerga JV, Villa F, Guerrieri F, Rech I, Gulinatti A, Tisa S, Zappa F, Ghioni M, Cova S. New photon-counting detectors for single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2011; 8033:803316. [PMID: 24729836 DOI: 10.1117/12.883708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Solution-based single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful new experimental approach with applications in all fields of natural sciences. Two typical geometries can be used for these experiments: point-like and widefield excitation and detection. In point-like geometries, the basic concept is to excite and collect light from a very small volume (typically femtoliter) and work in a concentration regime resulting in rare burst-like events corresponding to the transit of a single-molecule. Those events are accumulated over time to achieve proper statistical accuracy. Therefore the advantage of extreme sensitivity is somewhat counterbalanced by a very long acquisition time. One way to speed up data acquisition is parallelization. Here we will discuss a general approach to address this issue, using a multispot excitation and detection geometry that can accommodate different types of novel highly-parallel detector arrays. We will illustrate the potential of this approach with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and single-molecule fluorescence measurements. In widefield geometries, the same issues of background reduction and single-molecule concentration apply, but the duration of the experiment is fixed by the time scale of the process studied and the survival time of the fluorescent probe. Temporal resolution on the other hand, is limited by signal-to-noise and/or detector resolution, which calls for new detector concepts. We will briefly present our recent results in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Michalet
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - R A Colyer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - G Scalia
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - F Villa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica de Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - F Guerrieri
- Dipartimento di Elettronica de Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - I Rech
- Dipartimento di Elettronica de Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Gulinatti
- Dipartimento di Elettronica de Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Tisa
- Micro Photon Devices, Bolzano, Italy
| | - F Zappa
- Dipartimento di Elettronica de Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Ghioni
- Dipartimento di Elettronica de Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Cova
- Dipartimento di Elettronica de Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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38
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Cubeddu R, Bassi A, Comelli D, Cova S, Farina A, Ghioni M, Rech I, Pifferi A, Spinelli L, Taroni P, Torricelli A, Tosi A, Valentini G, Zappa F. Photonics for Life. IEEE Pulse 2011; 2:16-23. [DOI: 10.1109/mpul.2011.941519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Denifl S, Zappa F, Mähr I, Mauracher A, Probst M, Urban J, Mach P, Bacher A, Bohme DK, Echt O, Märk TD, Scheier P. Ionization of doped helium nanodroplets: complexes of C60 with water clusters. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:234307. [PMID: 20572705 DOI: 10.1063/1.3436721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Water clusters are known to undergo an autoprotonation reaction upon ionization by photons or electron impact, resulting in the formation of (H(2)O)(n)H(3)O(+). Ejection of OH cannot be quenched by near-threshold ionization; it is only partly quenched when clusters are complexed with inert gas atoms. Mass spectra recorded by electron ionization of water-doped helium droplets show that the helium matrix also fails to quench OH loss. The situation changes drastically when helium droplets are codoped with C(60). Charged C(60)-water complexes are predominantly unprotonated; C(60)(H(2)O)(4)(+) and (C(60))(2)(H(2)O)(4)(+) appear with enhanced abundance. Another intense ion series is due to C(60)(H(2)O)(n)OH(+); dehydrogenation is proposed to be initiated by charge transfer between the primary He(+) ion and C(60). The resulting electronically excited C(60)(+*) leads to the formation of a doubly charged C(60)-water complex either via emission of an Auger electron from C(60)(+*), or internal Penning ionization of the attached water complex, followed by charge separation within {C(60)(H(2)O)(n)}(2+). This mechanism would also explain previous observations of dehydrogenation reactions in doped helium droplets. Mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy scans reveal spontaneous (unimolecular) dissociation of C(60)(H(2)O)(n)(+). In addition to the loss of single water molecules, a prominent reaction channel yields bare C(60)(+) for sizes n=3, 4, or 6. Ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations for C(60)-water complexes reveal negligible charge transfer within neutral complexes. Cationic complexes are well described as water clusters weakly bound to C(60)(+). For n=3, 4, or 6, fissionlike desorption of the entire water complex from C(60)(H(2)O)(n)(+) energetically competes with the evaporation of a single water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens Universität, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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40
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Michalet X, Colyer RA, Scalia G, Kim T, Levi M, Aharoni D, Cheng A, Guerrieri F, Arisaka K, Millaud J, Rech I, Resnati D, Marangoni S, Gulinatti A, Ghioni M, Tisa S, Zappa F, Cova S, Weiss S. High-throughput single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy using parallel detection. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2010; 7608. [PMID: 21625288 DOI: 10.1117/12.846784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Solution-based single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful new experimental approach with applications in all fields of natural sciences. The basic concept of this technique is to excite and collect light from a very small volume (typically femtoliter) and work in a concentration regime resulting in rare burst-like events corresponding to the transit of a single-molecule. Those events are accumulated over time to achieve proper statistical accuracy. Therefore the advantage of extreme sensitivity is somewhat counterbalanced by a very long acquisition time. One way to speed up data acquisition is parallelization. Here we will discuss a general approach to address this issue, using a multispot excitation and detection geometry that can accommodate different types of novel highly-parallel detector arrays. We will illustrate the potential of this approach with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and single-molecule fluorescence measurements obtained with different novel multipixel single-photon counting detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Michalet
- Dept of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90095
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Graupner K, Field TA, Mauracher A, Scheier P, Bacher A, Denifl S, Zappa F, Märk TD. Fragmentation of metastable SF(6)(-*) ions with microsecond lifetimes in competition with autodetachment. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:104304. [PMID: 18345885 DOI: 10.1063/1.2884346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation of metastable SF(6)(-*) ions formed in low energy electron attachment to SF(6) has been investigated. The dissociation reaction SF(6)(-*)-->SF(5) (-)+F has been observed approximately 1.5-3.4 micros and approximately 17-32 micros after electron attachment in a time-of-flight and a double focusing two sector field mass spectrometer, respectively. Metastable dissociation is observed with maximum intensity at approximately 0.3 eV between the SF(6)(-*) peak at zero and the SF(5)(-) peak at approximately 0.4 eV. The kinetic energy released in dissociation is low, with a most probable value of 18 meV. The lifetime of SF(6)(-*) decreases as the electron energy increases, but it is not possible to fit this decrease with statistical Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel/quasiequilibrium theory. Metastable dissociation of SF(6)(-*) appears to compete with autodetachment of the electron at all electron energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Graupner
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Sulzer P, Mauracher A, Denifl S, Zappa F, Ptasinska S, Rondino F, Scheier P, Märk TD. Dissociative electron attachment to nitroaromatic compounds – resonances as fingerprints for isomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/88/1/012075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Feil S, Sulzer P, Mauracher A, Beikircher M, Wendt N, Aleem A, Denifl S, Zappa F, Matt-Leubner S, Bacher A, Matejcik S, Probst M, Scheier P, Märk TD. Electron Impact Ionization/Dissociation of Molecules: Production of Energetic Radical Ions and Anions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/86/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mauracher A, Denifl S, Aleem A, Wendt N, Zappa F, Cicman P, Probst M, Märk TD, Scheier P, Flosadóttir HD, Ingólfsson O, Illenberger E. Dissociative electron attachment to gas phase glycine: exploring the decomposition pathways by mass separation of isobaric fragment anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5680-5. [PMID: 17960256 DOI: 10.1039/b709140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dissociative electron attachment to gas phase glycine generates a number of fragment ions, among them ions observed at the mass numbers 15, 16 and 26 amu. From stoichiometry they can be assigned to the chemically rather different species NH(-)/CH(3)(-)(15 amu), O(-)/NH(2)(-)(16 amu) and CN(-)/C(2)H(2)(-)(26 amu). Here we use a high resolution double focusing two sector mass spectrometer to separate these isobaric ions. It is thereby possible to unravel the decomposition reactions of the different transient negative ions formed upon resonant electron attachment to neutral glycine in the energy range 0-15 eV. We find that within the isobaric ion pairs, the individual components generally arise from resonances located at substantial different energies. The corresponding unimolecular decompositions involve complex reaction sequences including multiple bond cleavages and substantial rearrangement in the precursor ion. To support the interpretation and assignments we also use (13)C labelling of glycine at the carboxylic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mauracher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Abstract
Traditionally, Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) are fabricated using dedicated processes that require additional technological steps when compared to standard CMOS. Instead, this paper presents the design of SPADs that attain good performances, by using a standard high-voltage CMOS process. The detector is monolithically integrated together with an Active Quenching Circuit (iAQC), a counter, and a serial communication interface. This opens the way to the design and fabrication of ultra compact multi-channel single-photon counters.
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Mähr I, Zappa F, Denifl S, Kubala D, Echt O, Märk TD, Scheier P. Multiply charged neon clusters: failure of the liquid drop model? Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:023401. [PMID: 17358605 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.023401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the stability and fission dynamics of multiply charged neon cluster ions. The critical sizes for the observation of long-lived ions are n2=284 and n3=656 for charge states 2 and 3, respectively, a factor 3 to 4 below the predictions of a previously successful liquid-drop model. The preferred fragment ions of fission reactions are surprisingly small (2<or=n<or=5); their kinetic energy distributions peak at 200 meV or below. The size of these fragments and their average kinetic energies are much less than predicted by the liquid-drop model.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mähr
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Huber D, Beikircher M, Denifl S, Zappa F, Matejcik S, Bacher A, Grill V, Märk TD, Scheier P. High resolution dissociative electron attachment to gas phase adenine. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:084304. [PMID: 16965009 DOI: 10.1063/1.2336775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissociative electron attachment to the gas phase nucleobase adenine is studied using two different experiments. A double focusing sector field mass spectrometer is utilized for measurements requiring high mass resolution, high sensitivity, and relative ion yields for all the fragment anions and a hemispherical electron monochromator instrument for high electron energy resolution. The negative ion mass spectra are discussed at two different electron energies of 2 and 6 eV. In contrast to previous gas phase studies a number of new negative ions are discovered in the mass spectra. The ion efficiency curves for the negative ions of adenine are measured for the electron energy range from about 0 to 15 eV with an electron energy resolution of about 100 meV. The total anion yield derived via the summation of all measured fragment anions is compared with the total cross section for negative ion formation measured recently without mass spectrometry. For adenine the shape of the two cross section curves agrees well, taking into account the different electron energy resolutions; however, for thymine some peculiar differences are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Huber
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Zappa F, Cavalli F. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression in human primary melanotic melanomas of the skin. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.18018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
18018 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1; DT-diaphorase; DTD) is a two-electron reducing enzyme which is often over-expressed in cancers and can activate quinones to form cytotoxic species. This over-expression is used as target in the design of novel anti-cancer drugs. DTD is also expressed in normal tissues, but little is known about its “body mapping”. Because of the dearth of information on the cell-specific expression of DTD in pigment-producing cells of the skin, we analysed its expression in normal and tumoral samples. Twenty skin biopsies of primary malignant melanotic melanomas (ten with vertical invasion, ten with superficial spreading) were analysed by immunohistochemistry. In normal skin DTD expression was weak in all epidermal layers, including normal melanocytes. Malignant melanomas showed a very strong DTD expression in tumoral cells of all samples and in endothelial lining of peri-tumoral vessels. These results suggest that DT-diaphorase may be a new marker that could be useful in determining the extent of a malignant melanocytic lesion, and also tend to support the potential of malignant melanomas as target for DTD-directed antitumour agents. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Zappa
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Locarno-TI, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - F. Cavalli
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Locarno-TI, Switzerland; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Zappa F, Tisa S, Cova S, Maccagnani P, Saletti R, Roncella R. Single-photon imaging at 20,000 frames/s. Opt Lett 2005; 30:3024-6. [PMID: 16315709 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.003024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A complete two-dimensional imaging system based on a silicon monolithic array of 60 single-photon counters is presented. The fabricated solid-state array is rugged and operates at low voltages. Detection efficiency is higher than 40% in the visible range, and cross talk among 50 microm pixels is lower than 10(-4). The complete system provides a maximum throughput of 20 kframes/s with truly parallel readout and nanosecond gating, thanks to the use of an integrated active quenching circuit for each pixel of the array. We report optical and electrical characterizations of the whole imaging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zappa
- Dipartimento Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1; DT-diaphorase; DTD) is a two-electron reductase that efficiently bioactivates compounds of the quinone family, such as mitomycin C. The observation that DTD is overexpressed in many cancerous tissues compared to normal tissues has provided us with a potentially selective target that can be exploited in the design of novel anticancer agents. Because of the relative lack of information on the cell-specific expression of DTD, the purpose of this study was to perform a body mapping of its normal distribution. Tissue samples from various components of the human reproductive system were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We found strong expression of this enzyme in testicular stromal cells (Leydig cells) and in the epithelium of epididymis, ductuli efferentes, and Fallopian tube. These results suggest that DTD-bioactivated quinones could be responsible for a selective toxicity on these components of the reproductive system and cause clinical problems due to testosterone deficiency and infertility. This observation needs to be investigated in preclinical evaluation of new anticancer quinones and in patients treated with these compounds. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:1187-1188, 2001)
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zappa
- CRC Dept. of Drug Development, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom.
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