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Pouplard C, Rollin J, Vayne C, Charuel N, Ahmadi Z, Alberio L, Azjenberg N, Althaus K, Bakchoul T, Chong B, Curtis BR, Faille D, Gomez FJ, Gresele P, Morel-Kopp MC, Mullier F, Nazy I, Smith JW, Greinacher A, Gruel Y. Multicentre evaluation of 5B9, a monoclonal anti-PF4/heparin IgG mimicking human HIT antibodies, as an internal quality control in HIT functional assays: Communication from the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on Platelet Immunology. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:252-259. [PMID: 34657390 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional tests for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) exhibit variable performance. OBJECTIVES We evaluated in a multicenter study whether 5B9, a monoclonal anti-PF4/heparin IgG mimicking human HIT antibodies, could be used as an internal quality control. METHODS 5B9 was sent to 11 laboratories in seven countries, and six initial concentrations ranging from 10 to 400 μg/mL were tested by heparin-induced platelet activation assay (HIPA), serotonin release assay (SRA), platelet aggregation test (PAT), flow cytometry (FC), or heparin-induced multiple-electrode aggregometry (HIMEA). Each method was evaluated in three different laboratories using experimental procedures identical to those usually applied for the diagnosis of HIT by testing platelets from 10 different healthy donors. RESULTS The procedures used varied among the laboratories, particularly when platelet-rich plasma and whole blood were used. Nevertheless, positive results were obtained with at least 100 μg/ml of 5B9 for most donors tested by all centers (except one) performing HIPA, SRA, or HIMEA. FC and PAT results were more heterogeneous. FC results from one center that used washed platelets preincubated with PF4 were positive with all donors at 50 µg/ml 5B9, but at least 200 μg/ml of 5B9 were required to activate cells with most donors tested using PAT. CONCLUSION This study confirms that HIT functional tests are not well standardized and exhibit variable sensitivity for the detection of platelet-activating antibodies. However, 5B9 is a potentially useful tool to standardize functional tests, to select responding platelet donors, and consequently to improve the performance of these assays and comparability between laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pouplard
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | - Jérôme Rollin
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | - Caroline Vayne
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | - Noémie Charuel
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | - Zohra Ahmadi
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Azjenberg
- University of Paris, INSERM U1148 LVTS, Department of Hematology, AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karina Althaus
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tubingen, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tubingen, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Beng Chong
- Haematology Research Unit, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian R Curtis
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dorothée Faille
- University of Paris, INSERM U1148 LVTS, Department of Hematology, AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Francisco-Javier Gomez
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, and Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - François Mullier
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Hematology Laboratory, Namur Research for Life Sciences, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Izhac Nazy
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James W Smith
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut fuer Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Universitaetsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yves Gruel
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
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Condoluci A, Alberio L, Gomez FJ, Studt JD, Orlando C, Jochmans K, Gerber B. Thrombotic storm under DOAC treatment in a patient with homozygous antithrombin Budapest III mutation. Thromb Res 2021; 201:161-163. [PMID: 33866212 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adalgisa Condoluci
- Clinic of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Service et Laboratoire central d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland
| | - Francisco-Javier Gomez
- Service et Laboratoire central d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Switzerland
| | - Jan-Dirk Studt
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Orlando
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Hematology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristin Jochmans
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Hematology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernhard Gerber
- Clinic of Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Izacc SM, Gomez FJ, Jesuino RS, Fonseca CA, Felipe MS, Deepe GS, Soares CM. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of the heat shock protein 60 gene from the human pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Med Mycol 2001; 39:445-55. [PMID: 12054056 DOI: 10.1080/mmy.39.5.445.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene encoding the heat shock protein (HSP) 60 from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) was cloned and characterized. The hsp60 gene is composed of three exons divided by two introns. Structural analysis of the promoter detected canonical sequences characteristic of regulatory regions from eukaryotic genes. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Pb hsp60 gene and the respective cloned cDNA consists of 592 residues highly homologous to other fungal HSP60 proteins. The hsp60 gene is present as a single copy in the genome, as shown by Southern blot analysis. The HSP60 protein was isolated from Pb yeast cellular extracts. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of HSP60 confirmed that the cloned hsp60 gene correlated to the predicted protein in Pb. HSP60 expression appeared to be regulated during form transition in Pb, as different levels of expression were detected in in vitro labeling of cells and northern blot analysis. The complete coding region of Pb hsp60 was fused with plasmid pGEX-4T-3 and expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase-tagged recombinant protein. The protein reacted with a mouse monoclonal antibody raised to a human recombinant HSP60. Western immunoblot experiments demonstrated that the recombinant protein and the native HSP60 were recognized by sera from humans with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Izacc
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-Goiás, Brazil
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Gomez FJ, Woodward EO, Pilcher-Roberts R, Gibbons RS, Deepe GS. V beta 6+ and V beta 4+ T cells exert cooperative activity in clearance of secondary infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. J Immunol 2001; 166:2855-62. [PMID: 11160354 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously studied the lung Vbeta TCR repertoire of C57BL/6 mice during primary infection with the pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. We observed a consistent oligoclonal expansion of Vbeta4(+) T cells during the peak of infection and early stages of resolution. The Vbeta4(+) family played a role in protective immunity against the fungus. Depletion of this subpopulation of T cells hindered optimal clearance of infection from tissues. In this report we analyze the flux of the Vbeta TCR repertoire in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice with reinfection histoplasmosis. We observed a significant increase in Vbeta6(+) T cells on days 7, 10, and 14, the peak and early resolution phases of infection. This skewing was preceded by an increased number of memory T cells within Vbeta6(+) cells. The VDJ sequences of Vbeta6 chains were oligoclonal during the early stages of the infection, suggesting that the expansion was driven by a small number of Ags. More than 96% of the expanded Vbeta6(+) cells were CD4(+). Depletion of Vbeta6(+) T cells but not Vbeta4(+) T cells induced a modest but significant delay in fungal clearance. Simultaneous depletion of Vbeta4(+) and Vbeta6(+) T cells induced a more pronounced impairment of host resistance. These studies illustrate the dynamic interactions between Vbeta families in the response to microbial challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Histoplasmosis/immunology
- Histoplasmosis/microbiology
- Histoplasmosis/prevention & control
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/immunology
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology
- Lung Diseases, Fungal/prevention & control
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Gomez
- Research Division, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA
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Gomez FJ, Cain JA, Gibbons R, Allendoerfer R, Deepe GS. Vbeta4(+) T cells promote clearance of infection in murine pulmonary histoplasmosis. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:984-95. [PMID: 9727067 PMCID: PMC508964 DOI: 10.1172/jci2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are essential for controlling infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. Because the T cell receptor is vital for transducing the biological activities of these cells, we sought to determine if exposure to this fungus induced an alteration in the Vbeta repertoire in lungs of C57BL/6 mice infected intranasally. Vbeta2(+) cells were elevated on day 3 after infection; Vbeta4(+) cells were higher than controls on days 7, 10, and 14 after infection. Vbeta10(+) cells were increased on days 14 and 21, and Vbeta11(+) exceeded controls only on day 14. We investigated the clonality and function of Vbeta4(+) cells because their expansion transpired during the critical time of infection, that is, when cellular immunity is activated. Sequence analysis demonstrated preferential use of a restricted set of sequences in the complementarity-determining region 3. Elimination of Vbeta4(+) cells from mice impaired their ability to resolve infection. In contrast, depletion of Vbeta7(+) cells, the abundance of which was similar to that of Vbeta4(+), did not alter elimination of the fungus. The identification of clonotypes of Vbeta4(+) cells suggests that a few antigenic determinants may drive proliferation of this subset, which is necessary for optimal clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Gomez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0560, USA
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Abstract
Vaccination with recombinant (r) hsp60 protects mice against Histoplasma capsulatum. To map the domain of rhsp60 that confers protection, four gene segments were cloned into pET19b and expressed in Escherichia coli. rhsp60 fragments were tested for their capacity to induce proliferation by sensitized splenocytes and to protect BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. All polypeptides stimulated cells from BALB/c mice immunized with yeasts or with rhsp60. Fragment 3 caused the most vigorous response by cells from mice immunized yeasts, and fragment 1 caused the most vigorous response by cells from mice immunized with rhsp60. Splenocytes from yeast-immunized C57BL/6 mice did not recognize any polypeptide. In contrast, cells from C57BL/6 mice inoculated with rhsp60 responded to all fragments but most intensely to fragment 2. In both strains, fragment 3 conferred protection against sublethal and lethal challenges. Thus, a common protective domain of hsp60 has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Deepe
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH 45267-0560, USA
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Gomez FJ, Allendoerfer R, Deepe GS. Vaccination with recombinant heat shock protein 60 from Histoplasma capsulatum protects mice against pulmonary histoplasmosis. Infect Immun 1995; 63:2587-95. [PMID: 7790073 PMCID: PMC173347 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.7.2587-2595.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HIS-62 is a glycoprotein that has been isolated from the cell wall and cell membrane fraction of the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. It is a target of the cellular immune response to this fungus, and it protects mice against a lethal intravenous inoculum of H. capsulatum yeast cells. In this study, we cloned the gene encoding this antigen to reveal its biological nature and studied the immunological activity of recombinant antigen. The amino acid sequences of the NH2 terminus and internal peptides were obtained by Edman degradation. Degenerate oligonucleotides were used to isolate a gene fragment of HIS-62 by PCR. One 680-bp segment that corresponded to the known peptide sequence was amplified from H. capsulatum DNA. This DNA was used to screen a genomic library, and the full-length gene was isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene demonstrated approximately 70 and approximately 50% identity to heat shock protein 60 (hsp 60) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and hsp 60 from Escherichia coli, respectively. A cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription PCR and was expressed in E. coli. Recombinant protein reacted with a monospecific polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against native HIS-62, with monoclonal HIS-62-reactive T cells, and with splenocytes from mice immunized with viable yeast cells. Moreover, vaccination with the recombinant protein conferred protection in mice against a lethal intranasal inoculation with yeast cells. Thus, HIS-62 is a member of the hsp 60 family, and the recombinant hsp 60 is protective against pulmonary histoplasmosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0560, USA
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Gomez FJ, Gomez AM, Deepe GS. An 80-kilodalton antigen from Histoplasma capsulatum that has homology to heat shock protein 70 induces cell-mediated immune responses and protection in mice. Infect Immun 1992; 60:2565-71. [PMID: 1612726 PMCID: PMC257204 DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.7.2565-2571.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An extract of the cell wall and cell membrane from Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells was assayed by Western blot (immunoblot) for reactivity with two monoclonal antibodies to heat shock protein 70. Four bands with molecular masses of 80, 66, 54, and 32 kDa bound both antibodies. The 80-kDa protein was isolated, analyzed for homology to heat shock protein 70, and tested for antigenicity and immunogenicity in C57BL/6 mice. The 80-kDa protein reacted with monoclonal antibody to heat shock protein 70. Sera from mice immunized with the antigen recognized H. capsulatum heat shock protein 70. Moreover, the amino-terminal sequence of the 80-kDa protein revealed substantial homology with heat shock protein 70 from several species. The 80-kDa protein induced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in mice immunized with either viable yeast cells or antigen. Splenocytes from mice immunized with yeast cells or with antigen responded in vitro to the 80-kDa antigen. Immunization of mice with the antigen enhanced host resistance against a sublethal inoculum of H. capsulatum yeast cells, but it did not reduce the mortality of mice given a lethal challenge of yeast cells. Thus, this antigen manifests homology with members of the heat shock protein 70 family. Furthermore, the 80-kDa protein elicits cellular immune responses to H. capsulatum, and it mediates protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0560
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Gomez FJ, Gomez AM, Deepe GS. Protective efficacy of a 62-kilodalton antigen, HIS-62, from the cell wall and cell membrane of Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells. Infect Immun 1991; 59:4459-64. [PMID: 1937804 PMCID: PMC259063 DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.12.4459-4464.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that a detergent extract of the cell wall and cell membrane of Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells contains antigens recognized by T cells. In T-cell immunoblot analysis, a region encompassing 62 kDa was stimulatory for an H. capsulatum-reactive T-cell line and T-cell clones derived from C57BL/6 mice. In this study, we isolated a 62-kDa band, termed HIS-62, from electrophoresed cell wall and cell membrane of H. capsulatum yeast cells and examined its antigenicity and immunogenicity. C57BL/6, BALB/c, and CBA/J mice that were immunized with viable H. capsulatum yeast cells mounted a delayed-type hypersensitivity response to HIS-62 that was stronger than that of normal controls. Spleen cells from each strain of mouse immunized with viable yeast cells proliferated vigorously in response to HIS-62; conversely, splenocytes from control animals did not recognize this antigen. A T-cell line and 5 of 5 T-cell clones from C57BL/6 mice, 10 of 15 BALB/c T-cell hybridomas, and 8 of 12 CBA/J T-cell hybridomas recognized HIS-62. A cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity response to the antigen was apparent in each strain of mouse that was injected with 80 micrograms of HIS-62 mixed with Freund adjuvant. In addition, spleen cells from HIS-62-immunized mice proliferated in vitro in response to this antigen. Vaccination of each strain of mouse with 80 micrograms of HIS-62 conferred protection against a lethal intravenous challenge with H. capsulatum yeast cells. Thus, HIS-62 appears to be an important target of the cellular immune response to H. capsulatum and induces a protective immune response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0560
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