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Wang C, Wang Z, Fu L, Du J, Ji F, Qiu X. CircNRCAM up-regulates NRCAM to promote papillary thyroid carcinoma progression. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:1215-1226. [PMID: 38485895 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent subtype of Thyroid Carcinoma (THCA), a type of malignancy in the endocrine system. According to prior studies, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NRCAM) has been found to be up-regulated in PTC and stimulates the proliferation and migration of PTC cells. However, the specific mechanism of NRCAM in PTC cells is not yet fully understood. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of NRCAM in PTC cells, the findings of which could provide new insights for the development of potential treatment targets for PTC. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioinformatics tools were utilized and a series of experiments were conducted, including Western blot, colony formation, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The data collected indicated that NRCAM was overexpressed in THCA tissues and PTC cells. Circular RNA NRCAM (circNRCAM) was found to be highly expressed in PTC cells and to positively regulate NRCAM expression. Through loss-of-function assays, both circNRCAM and NRCAM were shown to promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PTC cells. Mechanistically, this study confirmed that precursor microRNA-506 (pre-miR-506) could bind with m6A demethylase AlkB Homolog 5 (ALKBH5), leading to its m6A demethylation. It was also discovered that circNRCAM could competitively bind to ALKBH5, which restrained miR-506-3p expression and promoted NRCAM expression. CONCLUSION In summary, circNRCAM could up-regulate NRCAM by down-regulating miR-506-3p, thereby enhancing the biological behaviors of PTC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - L Fu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - J Du
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - F Ji
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - X Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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2
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Liao D, Peng K, Zhang Y, Liu H, Xia Z, Guo J, Wei F, Chen C, Lv X, Tong J, Li X, Qu X, Wang X, Wang Y, Ou S, Liu H, Shan X, Ji F. Effect of liposomal bupivacaine for preoperative erector spinae plane block on postoperative pain following video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery: a protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1359878. [PMID: 38681056 PMCID: PMC11045961 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1359878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is still a controversy about the superiority of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) over traditional local anesthetics in postoperative analgesia after thoracic surgery. This study aims to determine the effect of LB versus bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) for preoperative ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) on postoperative acute and chronic pain in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery. Methods This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial will include 272 adult patients scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery. Patients will be randomly assigned, 1:1 and stratified by site, to the liposomal bupivacaine (LB) group or the bupivacaine (BUPI) HCl group. All patients will receive ultrasound-guided ESPB with either LB or bupivacaine HCl before surgery and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) as rescue analgesia after surgery. The numeric rating scale (NRS) score will be assessed after surgery. The primary outcome is the area under the curve of pain scores at rest for 0-72 h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes include the total amount of opioid rescue analgesics through 0-72 h postoperatively, time to the first press on the PCIA device as rescue analgesia, the area under the curve of pain scores on activity for 0-72 h postoperatively, NRS scores at rest and on activity at different time points during the 0-72 h postoperative period, Quality of Recovery 15 scores at 72 h after surgery, and NRS scores on activity on postsurgical day 14 and postsurgical 3 months. Adverse events after the surgery are followed up to the postsurgical day 7, including postoperative nausea and vomiting, fever, constipation, dizziness, headache, insomnia, itching, prolonged chest tube leakage, new-onset atrial fibrillation, severe ventricular arrhythmia, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary atelectasis, cardiac arrest, ileus, urinary retention, chylothorax, pneumothorax, and organ failure. Analyzes will be performed first according to the intention to treat principle and second with the per-protocol analysis. Discussion We hypothesize that LB for preoperative ultrasound-guided ESPB would be more effective than bupivacaine HCl in reducing postoperative pain in video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery. Our results will contribute to the optimization of postoperative analgesia regimens for patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lung surgery.Clinical trial registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300074852.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren People's Hospital, Tongren, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Fujiang Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Xianfeng Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Ou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Xisheng Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Li W, Meng X, Peng K, Han Y, Liu H, Zhao W, Wang G, Deng L, Liu H, Li Z, Ji F. Boosting Microglial Lipid Metabolism via TREM2 Signaling by Biomimetic Nanoparticles to Attenuate the Sevoflurane-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305989. [PMID: 38145349 PMCID: PMC10933683 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism has been considered as a potential therapeutic target in sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity that can potentially affect the learning and memory function in the developmental brain. Recently, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is identified as a crucial step in regulating lipid metabolism and associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, it is reported that quercetin modified Cu2- x Se (abbreviated as CSPQ) nanoparticles can ameliorate sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by tuning the microglial lipid metabolism and promoting microglial M2-like polarization via TREM2 signaling pathway, in which the apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters (ABCA1 and ABCG1) levels are upregulated. Furthermore, the protective effects of CSPQ nanoparticles against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity via TREM2 are further demonstrated by the small interfering RNA (siRNA)-TREM2 transfected BV2 cells, which are obviously not influenced by CSPQ nanoparticles. The cell membrane coated CSPQ (referred as CSPQ@CM) nanoparticles can significantly reduce sevoflurane-induced learning and memory deficits, improve lipid metabolism dysfunction, and promote the remyelination in the hippocampus of mice. The study shows great potential of targeting microglial lipid metabolism in promoting remyelination of neurons for treatment of neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Xiaowen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Yaobao Han
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of California Davis HealthSacramentoCA 95817USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Suzhou Medical CollegeSoochow UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSuzhou215123China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
- Institute of AnesthesiologySoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215006China
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Zhao Y, Chen S, Xie W, Zhang X, Chen G, Ji F, Wang D, Qi Y, Jie Q, Su D, Yu W. Efficacy and safety of adamgammadex for reversing rocuronium-induced deep neuromuscular blockade: A multicenter, randomized, phase IIb study. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13691. [PMID: 38266059 PMCID: PMC10785706 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid reversal of deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) is important but remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adamgammadex versus sugammadex in reversing deep rocuronium-induced NMB. This multicenter, randomized, phase IIb study included 80 patients aged 18-64 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1-2, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with rocuronium. Patients were randomized to the adamgammadex 7, 8, and 9 mg/kg group or the sugammadex 4 mg/kg group. The primary efficacy variable was the time to recovery of train-of-four ratio (TOFr) to 0.9. The secondary efficacy variables were the time to recovery of TOFr to 0.7, antagonistic success rate of the recovery of TOFr to 0.9 within 5 min, and incidence rate of recurarization within 30 min after drug administration. The explorative efficacy variable was the time to recovery of the corrected TOFr to 0.9 (actual/baseline TOF ratio). Adamgammadex 7, 8, and 9 mg/kg and sugammadex 4 mg/kg groups did not significantly differ in all efficacy variables. Importantly, adamgammadex 9 mg/kg permitted reversal within a geometric mean of 2.9 min. According to the safety profile, adamgammadex achieved good tolerance and low incidence of drug-related adverse events compared with the 4 mg/kg sugammadex. Adamgammadex 7, 8, and 9 mg/kg facilitated rapid reversal of deep rocuronium-induced NMB and had good tolerance and low incidence of drug-related adverse events. Therefore, adamgammadex is a potential and promising alternative to sugammadex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Sifan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wenqin Xie
- Department of AnesthesiologyQuanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyTongji Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guozhong Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe 900 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support ForceFuzhouChina
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Dongxin Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University First HosptialBeijingChina
| | - Youmao Qi
- Hangzhou Adamerck Pharmlabs IncHangzhouChina
| | - Qing Jie
- Hangzhou Adamerck Pharmlabs IncHangzhouChina
| | - Diansan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Liu H, Zhang J, Peng K, Meng X, Shan X, Huo W, Liu H, Lei Y, Ji F. Protocol: dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery-a multicenter, double-blind, controlled trial. Perioper Med (Lond) 2023; 12:57. [PMID: 37951962 PMCID: PMC10638683 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-023-00348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) is common in elderly patients and considered as an independent predictor of 30-day mortality after noncardiac surgery. Dexmedetomidine possesses cardiac-protective profile. Previous clinical studies have found that perioperative application of dexmedetomidine is associated with decreased 1-year mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The current study protocol aims to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of MINS, complications, and 30-day mortality in elderly patients subjected to noncardiac surgery. METHODS A multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, prospective trial is designed to explore cardiac protection of dexmedetomidine in the elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. A total of 960 patients aged over 65 years will be recruited and randomly assigned to dexmedetomidine group (group Dex) and normal saline placebo group (group NS) in a ratio of 1:1. Patients in group Dex will receive a bolus dose of 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine within 10 min before surgical incision, followed by a consistent infusion at the rate of 0.3-0.5 μg/kg/h throughout the operation. Group NS patients will receive the same volume of normal saline. The primary outcome is the incidence of MINS via detecting the hs-TnT level within 3 days after the operation. The secondary outcome includes myocardial ischemic symptoms, the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in hospital, length of ICU and postoperative hospital stay, the incidence of inhospital complications, and 30-day all-cause mortality. DISCUSSION The results of the current study will illustrate the effect of dexmedetomidine on myocardial injury for elderly patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (CHICTR) on Aug 24, 2021 (ChiCTR2100049946, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=131804 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xisheng Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yishan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Siddiqui KM, Durham DB, Cropp F, Ji F, Paiagua S, Ophus C, Andresen NC, Jin L, Wu J, Wang S, Zhang X, You W, Murnane M, Centurion M, Wang X, Slaughter DS, Kaindl RA, Musumeci P, Minor AM, Filippetto D. Relativistic ultrafast electron diffraction at high repetition rates. Struct Dyn 2023; 10:064302. [PMID: 38058995 PMCID: PMC10697722 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to resolve the dynamics of matter on its native temporal and spatial scales constitutes a key challenge and convergent theme across chemistry, biology, and materials science. The last couple of decades have witnessed ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) emerge as one of the forefront techniques with the sensitivity to resolve atomic motions. Increasingly sophisticated UED instruments are being developed that are aimed at increasing the beam brightness in order to observe structural signatures, but so far they have been limited to low average current beams. Here, we present the technical design and capabilities of the HiRES (High Repetition-rate Electron Scattering) instrument, which blends relativistic electrons and high repetition rates to achieve orders of magnitude improvement in average beam current compared to the existing state-of-the-art instruments. The setup utilizes a novel electron source to deliver femtosecond duration electron pulses at up to MHz repetition rates for UED experiments. Instrument response function of sub-500 fs is demonstrated with < 100 fs time resolution targeted in future. We provide example cases of diffraction measurements on solid-state and gas-phase samples, including both micro- and nanodiffraction (featuring 100 nm beam size) modes, which showcase the potential of the instrument for novel UED experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Siddiqui
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | - F. Ji
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Paiagua
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C. Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N. C. Andresen
- Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L. Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J. Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - X. Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W. You
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Murnane
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M. Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - D. S. Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - P. Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - D. Filippetto
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Wei YQ, Wan BN, Shen B, Yang L, Ji F, Wang Y, Chen M, Liu ZJ. An alternating continuous integration system for magnetic measurements for experimental advanced superconducting tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:115101. [PMID: 37909840 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Integrators are critical instruments used for magnetic measurement systems (MMSs) in tokamaks, and, currently, the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) has over 600 deployed. However, these integrators, designed with real-time drift compensation, will not be able to support longer pulse operations in the near future due to saturation and drift. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new alternating integration system combining analog integration with drift digital rectification. This system utilizes a microcontroller unit (MCU) to control two parallel analog integrators to work alternatively, compensate their drifts based on their respective error characteristics, and assemble the two integration segments together. The designed architecture provides highly flexible capabilities in operation modes and error correction, which make the system operation and maintenance highly automated. Performance tests on the EAST experiment site show that the prototype integrator can meet the requirements of real-time plasma control for a duration of hour-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Wei
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - B N Wan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - B Shen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - L Yang
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - F Ji
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Y Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - M Chen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Z J Liu
- School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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8
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Li Y, Yan XB, Dai MJ, Hao JG, Wang LP, Li SD, Ji F. [A rare case of atypical hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:1092-1094. [PMID: 38016777 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220102-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - X B Yan
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, the Affilliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - M J Dai
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, the Affilliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - J G Hao
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, the Affilliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - L P Wang
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, the Affilliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - S D Li
- Radiology Department, the Affilliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - F Ji
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, the Affilliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
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Liu Y, Sanchez DM, Ware MR, Champenois EG, Yang J, Nunes JPF, Attar A, Centurion M, Cryan JP, Forbes R, Hegazy K, Hoffmann MC, Ji F, Lin MF, Luo D, Saha SK, Shen X, Wang XJ, Martínez TJ, Wolf TJA. Rehybridization dynamics into the pericyclic minimum of an electrocyclic reaction imaged in real-time. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2795. [PMID: 37202402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocyclic reactions are characterized by the concerted formation and cleavage of both σ and π bonds through a cyclic structure. This structure is known as a pericyclic transition state for thermal reactions and a pericyclic minimum in the excited state for photochemical reactions. However, the structure of the pericyclic geometry has yet to be observed experimentally. We use a combination of ultrafast electron diffraction and excited state wavepacket simulations to image structural dynamics through the pericyclic minimum of a photochemical electrocyclic ring-opening reaction in the molecule α-terpinene. The structural motion into the pericyclic minimum is dominated by rehybridization of two carbon atoms, which is required for the transformation from two to three conjugated π bonds. The σ bond dissociation largely happens after internal conversion from the pericyclic minimum to the electronic ground state. These findings may be transferrable to electrocyclic reactions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11790, USA
| | - D M Sanchez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Design Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - M R Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - J Yang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Mong Man Wai Building of Science and Technology, S-1027 Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J P F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgensen Hall 208, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - A Attar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgensen Hall 208, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - J P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R Forbes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - K Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M C Hoffmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - F Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - D Luo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S K Saha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgensen Hall 208, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - T J Martínez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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Zheng X, Ji J, Cheng H, Peng K, Liu L, Ji F. Efficacy and safety of different doses of remimazolam tosylate for colonoscopy: single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial. Ann Transl Med 2022; 10:1244. [PMID: 36544645 PMCID: PMC9761137 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Remimazolam tosylate is a new sedative combining the advantages of etomidate with remifentanil. Remimazolam tosylate shows effective in colonoscopy, but the optimal dose is not confirm. In this study, a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel trial were performed to compare the efficacy and safety of different doses of remimazolam tosylate for colonoscopy. Methods Before colonoscopy, 120 recruited patients were randomized with a 1:1:1 ratio into 3 treatment groups: group A, 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam tosylate; group B, 0.15 mg/kg remimazolam tosylate; group C, 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam tosylate. Patients received 1 µg/kg fentanyl by intravenous injection over 30 s followed by the respective induction dose of remimazolam tosylate over 1 min (±5 s). When adequate sedation was achieved, colonoscopy was performed. Sedation was maintained at Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) ≤4 during the procedure. The additional administration of remimazolam tosylate (0.05 mg/kg per time) was permitted when necessary. Results Forty-one patients, 39 patients and 40 patients were respectively analyzed in group A, group B and group C. The procedural success rate was 80.49%, 87.18% and 95.00% in group A, group B and group C, respectively. During the induction period, patients in group A required additional doses of remimazolam tosylate more frequently than in group B and group C, but less during the maintenance period (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the induction time or time to recovery among the three groups. Incidence of adverse events (such as hypotension, hyoxemia and bucking) was similar among the three groups. Conclusions The initial loading doses of 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam tosylate were all efficacy and safety for patients undergoing colonoscopy, and fewer times of the drug was re-administered. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000041331.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junhui Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
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Shan X, Zhang J, Wei X, Tao W, Peng K, Liu H, Wang Y, Liu H, Meng X, Ji F. Dexmedetomidine attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through activating PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling via α 2 adrenoreceptors in renal microvascular endothelial cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22608. [PMID: 36250975 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101626rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs), which are closely related to regulation of vascular reactivity and modulation of inflammation, play a crucial role in the process of renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous studies have reported the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) against renal I/R injury, but little is known about the role of DEX on RMECs. This study aimed to investigate whether DEX alleviated renal I/R injury via acting on the RMECs. Mice underwent bilateral renal artery clamping for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 48 h, and the cultured neonatal mice RMECs were subjected to hypoxia for 1 h followed by reoxygenation (H/R) for 24 h. The results suggest that DEX alleviated renal I/R injury in vivo and improved cell viability of RMECs during H/R injury in vitro. Gene sequencing revealed that the PI3K/Akt was the top enriched signaling pathway and the endothelial cells were widely involved in renal I/R injury. DEX activated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, increased eNOS expression, and attenuated inflammatory responses. In addition, the results confirmed the distribution of α2 adrenoreceptor (α2 -AR) in RMECs. Furthermore, the protective effects of DEX against renal I/R injury were abolished by α2 -AR antagonist (atipamezole), which was partly reversed by the PI3K agonist (740 Y-P). These findings indicated that DEX protects against renal I/R injury by activating the PI3K/Akt-eNOS pathway and inhibiting inflammation responses via α2 -AR in RMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Xiaowen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Zhang Y, Jin L, Liu H, Meng X, Ji F. Ephedrine vs. phenylephrine effect on sublingual microcirculation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:969654. [PMID: 36275828 PMCID: PMC9581143 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.969654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of anesthesia administration on sublingual microcirculation are unknown. It is unclear how sublingual microcirculation responds to ephedrine or phenylephrine administration. We hypothesized that microvascular perfusion is impaired under anesthesia. Materials and methods We randomly divided 100 elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery into phenylephrine and ephedrine groups in a 1:1 ratio. Ephedrine or phenylephrine was administered when MAP was < 80% for > 1 min. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded every 5 min. Lactic acid was tested both pre- and postoperatively. The sublingual microcirculation characteristics of the microvascular flow index, the percentage of perfused vessels, the density of perfused vessels, and the heterogeneity index were monitored using a sidestream dark field imaging device. Results Their MAP showed an evident decrease of > 20%. At this point, the HR, microvascular flow index, perfused vessel density, and proportion of perfused vessels decreased similarly in ephedrine and phenylephrine groups. Conversely, the heterogeneity index increased in both groups. After phenylephrine and ephedrine administration, ephedrine treatment significantly increased the proportion of perfused vessels, microvascular flow index, and HR compared with phenylephrine treatment. Conclusion General anesthesia was associated with reduced MAP, HR, and sublingual microcirculation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. The results of ephedrine treatment were better than those of phenylephrine treatment in terms of HR, increased the proportion of perfused vessels, and microvascular flow index of sublingual microcirculation. Clinical trial registration [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [ChiCTR-2000035959].
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13
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Xu X, Lu X, Chen L, Peng K, Ji F. Downregulation of MMP1 functions in preventing perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer through blocking the NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24719. [PMID: 36181286 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a fatal malignancy that frequently involves perineural invasion (PNI). This study aims to investigate the function and underlying mechanisms of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) in PNI of PC. METHODS Human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells were co-cultured with dorsal root ganglion in vitro. The expression of MMP1, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, Schwann cell markers, neurotrophic factors, NT-3, and TrkC was measured by qRT-PCR or Western blot. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. In vivo model of PNI was established via inoculating PANC-1 cells into mice. PANC-1 cells and mice were also treated with LM22B-10 (an activator of TrkC) to confirm the mechanisms involving NT-3/TrkC in PNI of PC both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The expression of MMP1 was significantly higher in PDAC tissues than non-cancerous tissues, which was positively associated with PNI. MMP1 knockdown repressed the migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells. Except for E-cadherin, the expression of EMT markers, Schwann cell markers, neurotrophic factors, NT-3, and TrkC was inhibited by MMP1 silencing. The same effects of MMP1 knockdown on the above factors were also observed in the PNI model. Moreover, MMP1 knockdown elevated the sciatic nerve function and reduced PNI in the model mice. LM22B-10 partially abolished the effects of MMP1 knockdown both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Silencing of MMP1 prevents PC cells from EMT and Schwann-like cell differentiation via inhibiting the activation of the NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway, thus alleviating the PNI of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pain Medicine, The Haian Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Haian Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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14
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Zhang C, Ren L, Zou M, Xu W, Zhang W, Liu G, Zhu B, Xu H, Meng X, Li X, Ji F. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Total Body Radiation-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice Through the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [PMID: 35975484 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2022.220310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on total body radiation-induced acute liver injury in mice and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS A total of 40 mice were randomly divided into the Control group (Group C), Dexmedetomidine group (Group Dex), Radiation group (Group R), and Group R+Dex. Mice in Group Dex and Group R+Dex were intraperitoneally injected with 10 µg/mL Dex at 50 mg/kg. Both Group C and Group R received normal saline instead of Dex. Mice were treated via continuous administration for 10 days and injection once a day (pre-administration for 3 days and 7 days after radiation). One hour after administration on the third day, the mice in Group R and R+Dex received total body radiation with a total dose of 6 Gy at a rate of 2 Gy/min. Group C received sham radiation. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and liver levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. HE staining was employed to evaluate the pathological changes in liver tissues, and the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in the liver were measured by western blot. RESULTS Compared with group C, serum levels of AST and ALT, liver TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA, and ROS levels increased, and SOD decreased in Group R. Group R mice had higher liver injury scores, and the protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were lower (p < 0.05). Compared with Group R, the levels of AST, ALT, TNF-α, IL-1β, MDA, and ROS decreased, SOD increased, liver injury scores were lower, and the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were higher in the Group R+Dex group (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dex exhibits a protective effect on reducing acute radiation-induced liver injury and oxidative stress, and the mechanism may be associated with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
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15
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Jin D, Liu H, Kong X, Wei G, Peng K, Cheng H, Ji F. Effects of Driving Pressure-Guided Ventilation on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Prone-Positioned Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1754-1760. [PMID: 35914894 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged spinal surgery in the prone position may lead to postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). We aimed to compare the effects of driving pressure-guided ventilation versus conventional protective ventilation on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing spinal surgery in the prone position. We hypothesized that driving pressure-guided ventilation would be associated with a decreased incidence of PPC. METHODS We enrolled 78 patients into this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The driving pressure (DP) group (n = 40) received a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg of predicted body weight, individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) which produced the lowest driving pressure (plateau pressure-PEEP), and a recruitment maneuver. The protective ventilation (PV) group (n = 38) received the same tidal volume and recruitment maneuver but with a fixed PEEP of 5 cm H2O. Our primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications based on Lung Ultrasound Scores (LUS) at the end of the surgery and the simplified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (sCPIS) on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 3. RESULTS DP patients had lower LUS and POD1 sCPIS than the PV group (p < 0.01). DP patients had lower driving pressure during the surgery than PV patients (p < 0.01). Perioperative arterial blood gases and hemodynamic parameters were comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). The visual pain score (VAS) in postoperative days, drainage, and lengths of stay (LOS) were also similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Driving pressure-guided ventilation during spinal surgery with a prolonged prone patient position may reduce the incidence of early postoperative pulmonary complications, compared with conventional protective ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangle Wei
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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Tao W, Li L, Hu J, Xu S, Wang B, Ding J, Zhang M, Meng X, Wei X, Shan X, Peng K, Liu H, Ji F. Interaction between COX-2 and ER stress is involved in the apoptosis-induced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:3360-3371. [PMID: 35702111 PMCID: PMC9185046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptosis induced by excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is accompanied by the occurrence and progression of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. COX-2 is also known to affect the development of I/R damage in myocardium. However, the interaction between COX-2 and ER stress in aggravating myocardial I/R lesion is not well characterized. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to explore the interaction between COX-2 and ER stress on myocardial apoptosis. METHODS The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was ligatured with a 6-0# suture for 0.5 hours and subsequently subjected to reperfusion for 3 hours to simulate myocardial I/R in mice. Oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was performed on H9c2 cells to construct an in vitro model of this experiment. NS398 (COX-2 specific inhibitor) and Salubrinal (Sal, ER stress inhibitor) were administered to assess the function of COX-2 and ER stress in myocardial I/R impairment. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the viability of H9c2 cells under different treatment conditions. TUNEL and Hoechst staining were used to detect the occurrence of apoptosis. Infarct area/area at risk and Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections were assessed after I/R. Protein expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), COX-2, phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (p-eIF2α), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and Cleaved caspase 3 in the myocardium were examined using Western blotting. Changes in Cleaved caspase 3 expression in myocardial slices were measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Sal or NS398 partly reduced I/R-induced damage as testified by the apparent decrease in infarct size after I/R and reduced cell viability following OGD/R. Sal distinctly increased p-eIF2α, but caused decreased expression of COX-2, Cleaved caspase 3, and ER stress-associated proteins after I/R, suggesting that Sal effectively inhibited ER stress, apoptosis, and COX-2. Pretreatment with NS398 blocked I/R or OGD/R-induced upregulation of COX-2, Cleaved caspase 3, and ER stress-related marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS Interaction of COX-2 and ER stress regulates apoptosis and contributes to Myocardial lesion induced by I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junkai Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangxian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xisheng Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Zhao W, Song S, Chu W, Li Y, Chen S, Ji Y, Chen Q, Jin X, Ji F. Disruption of hippocampal P2RX2/CaMKII/NF-κB signaling contributes to learning and memory impairment in C57BL/6 mice induced by surgery plus anesthesia in neonatal period. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112897. [PMID: 35378503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A great number of pediatric patients undergoing varied procedures make neonatal surgery plus anesthesia become a matter of great concern owing to underlying neurotoxicity in developing brain. The authors set out to assess long-term effects of surgery plus anesthesia in mouse model. Six-day-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive either anesthesia with 3% sevoflurane, abdominal surgery under the same anesthesia, or the control condition. These mice were examined of learning and memory at juvenile age in Morris water maze test. The brain tissues of mice were harvested for Western blot analysis, including purinergic receptors P2X family, CaMKII and NF-κB. Another battery of mice were administered with inhibitors of P2RX2/3 (e.g., A317491) into hippocampal dentate gyrus before behavioral testing. We found that neonatal surgery plus anesthesia, but not sevoflurane anesthesia alone, impaired the learning and memory of juvenile mice, as evidenced by delayed escape latency and reduced platform-crossing times. Immunoblotting analysis showed that behavioral abnormalities were associated with increased levels of P2RX2, phosphorylated-CaMKIIβ and activated NF-κB in mouse hippocampus. Injection of A317491 ameliorated the impaired learning and memory of juvenile mice undergoing neonatal surgery plus anesthesia, and it also mitigated the neonatal surgery-induced signaling enhancement of P2RX2/CaMKII/NF-κB. Together, these results indicate that neonatal surgery plus anesthesia may cause long-term cognitive dysfunction, with potential mechanism of increasing P2RX2 and downstream signaling of phosphorylated-CaMKII and NF-κB. Our findings will promote more studies to assess detrimental effects of surgery and accompanying inflammation, diverse anesthetics and even sleeping deprivation on mouse neurodevelopment and neurobehavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Shaoyong Song
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Department of Pain Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215124, PR China
| | - Wei Chu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yumeng Ji
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
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Jin D, Zhu Y, Ji F, Kong X. Effects of the Femoral Nerve Block and Adductor Canal Block on Tourniquet Response and Postoperative Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Healthc Eng 2022; 2022:2327753. [PMID: 35449853 PMCID: PMC9018186 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2327753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tourniquet has emerged as an important role in surgical procedures, sixty patients undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty are randomly divided into the nerve block group and adductor duct block group in this paper. The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at different time points during operation, the changes of VAS scores at resting pain and exercise pain, and the changes of quadriceps femur muscle strength at different time points after operation are observed in 2 groups. The experimental results show that compared with adductor duct block, femoral nerve block can better relieve the intraoperative tourniquet reaction without affecting the postoperative analgesic effect and the muscle strength of quadriceps femurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yajuan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Xiaoqi Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
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19
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Kwon K, Pan J, Guo Y, Ren Q, Yang Z, Tao J, Ji F. Demirjian method and Willems method to study the dental age of adolescents in Shanghai before and after 10 years. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2022; 82:346-358. [PMID: 35285510 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2022.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the validity of whether the difference in dental age between 2009 to 2011 and 2021 is affected by environmental factors such as environmental pollution, floating population, and dietary habits. Demirjian and Willems dental age estimation methods were conducted for a Han population of children aged 8 to 14 in Shanghai, China. A total of 1,259 digital panorama radiographs of children aged 8.00-14.99 was estimated. All digital panorama radiographs were estimated using the Demirjian and Willems methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both 2009 to 2011 and 2021 were statistically analyzed by paired t-tests. The results show that the Demirjian method overestimates 2009 to 2011 and underestimates 2021 than children's chronological age. According to the Willms method, males are overestimated and females are underestimated from 2009 to 2011, and both genders were underestimated in 2021. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the difference in dental age between 2009 to 2011 and 2021 was statistically significant. Factors such as environment and dietary habits have been found to be affected by dental development. However, there are disputes among some researchers about the exact factors, so it is suggested to further study the effects of environmental factors on tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kwon
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Tao
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - F Ji
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Liu H, Meng X, Li Y, Chen S, Ji Y, Song S, Ji F, Jin X. Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane impairs preference for social novelty in C57BL/6 female mice at early-adulthood. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 593:129-136. [PMID: 35063768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction deficit is core symptom of children with autism, owing to interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental toxins. Sevoflurane could induce neurotoxicity in developing brain in rodent models. This study aims to investigate whether sevoflurane anesthesia in neonatal period could impair social behaviors in male and female mice. Twenty-eight male and thirty-one female mice were randomly assigned to receive 3.0% sevoflurane or 60% oxygen on postnatal day 6. They were tested for social interaction behaviors at one- and two-month-old. In addition, the cortex and hippocampus of neonatal mice undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia were harvested for immunoblotting analysis. As a result, both male and female mice undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia showed strong sociability and weak preference for social novelty at juvenile age. In addition, the male mice developed normal preference for social novelty at early-adulthood; However, the female mice remained weak preference for social novelty. Furthurmore, sevoflurane anesthesia could decrease the levels of PSD95 but not Neuroligin-1 in the hippocampus but not cortex of neonatal mice. In conclusion, sevoflurane anesthesia in neonatal period could disturb development of social memory and impair preference for social novelty in female mice at early-adulthood, with the potential mechanism of decreasing PSD95 expression in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayue Liu
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Meng
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Shiwen Chen
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yumeng Ji
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Shaoyong Song
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China; Department of Pain Medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, PR China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China.
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21
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen BM, Chen ES, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Piazzoli BD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XJ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Exploring Lorentz Invariance Violation from Ultrahigh-Energy γ Rays Observed by LHAASO. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:051102. [PMID: 35179919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the LHAASO Collaboration published the detection of 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources above 100 TeV, with the highest energy photon reaching 1.4 PeV. The first detection of PeV γ rays from astrophysical sources may provide a very sensitive probe of the effect of the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), which results in decay of high-energy γ rays in the superluminal scenario and hence a sharp cutoff of the energy spectrum. Two highest energy sources are studied in this work. No signature of the existence of the LIV is found in their energy spectra, and the lower limits on the LIV energy scale are derived. Our results show that the first-order LIV energy scale should be higher than about 10^{5} times the Planck scale M_{Pl} and that the second-order LIV scale is >10^{-3}M_{Pl}. Both limits improve by at least one order of magnitude the previous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L X Bai
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H Cai
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J T Cai
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - B M Chen
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - E S Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - M L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - X L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - N Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - X H Cui
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - B D'Ettorre Piazzoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Napoli "Federico II," Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Z G Dai
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - D Della Volpe
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - X J Dong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - K K Duan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z X Fan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - K Fang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L S Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q B Gou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - M H Gu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - F L Guo
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - J G Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - H H He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J C He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S L He
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X B He
- School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Heller
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S Hu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S C Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X J Hu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q L Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - W H Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z C Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Jin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - T Ke
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Levochkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - H B Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X R Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y F Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J S Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S M Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Z X Liu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Long
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H K Lv
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J R Mao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - A Masood
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Min
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y C Nan
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - B Y Pang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M Y Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Qi
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - B Q Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J J Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V Rulev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - X D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J R Shi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yu V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Su
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z B Sun
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Z B Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W W Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - B D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - C Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J S Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - L P Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - R N Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X G Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H R Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - W X Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S Q Xi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G M Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D X Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H B Xiao
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G G Xin
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xing
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D H Yan
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J Z Yan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F F Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - J Y Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519000 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S B Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Y H Yao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y M Ye
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - L Q Yin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X H You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Z Y You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y H Yu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T X Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z K Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - M Zha
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - J L Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - J W Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P P Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F Zheng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Y Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J N Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology and School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - X Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics and Experimental Physics Division and Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
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22
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Chen J, Lu C, Wang X, Wang L, Chen J, Ji F. LncRNA NONRATT009773.2 promotes bone cancer pain progression through the miR‐708‐5p/CXCL13 axis. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:661-674. [PMID: 35075718 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
- Department of Anesthesiology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Cui’e Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Weihai China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Operation, Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital Nantong China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
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23
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Liu HM, Ji F, Lu Y, Chen SY. MiR-499b-5p inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting the Notch1 signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:6220-6231. [PMID: 34730202 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202110_26992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of miR-499b-5p on the tumorigenesis and development of cervical cancer by targeting the Notch1 signaling pathway to identify a new potential clinical target of cervical cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to determine the mRNA expression levels of Notch1 and miR-499b-5p in cervical cancer tissues/cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry were conducted to detect cell viability, cell migration, and cell apoptosis abilities. A Dual-Luciferase reporter assay was performed to test the binding site between miR-499b-5p and Notch1. An in vivo experiment was carried out using nude mice, and xenograft tumor models were established. RESULTS OD450 of the SiHa and HeLa cells of the miR-499b-5p agomir group was lower than that of the miR-499b-5p agomir-NC group. More apoptotic cells and fewer invasive cells were found in the former than in the latter. MiR-499b-5p inhibited the viability and migration of cervical cancer cells and promoted their apoptosis. Further detection of the Luciferase reporter gene confirmed the binding site of miR-499b-5p to Notch1. Western blot results showed that miR-499b-5p inhibited the expression of Notch1 and activated the expression of ChK2 and p-p38MAPK. Notch1 knockdown also inhibited the viability and migration of cervical cancer cells and promoted their apoptosis. MiR-499b-5p overexpression prevented the tumorigenesis and development of cervical cancer in xenograft tumor models. CONCLUSIONS MiR-499b-5p inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and induces their apoptosis by targeting the Notch1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-M Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
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24
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Wang P, Wang S, Ji F, Zhang R. Muse Cells Have Higher Stress Tolerance than Adipose Stem Cells due to the Overexpression of the CCNA2 Gene. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1056-1069. [PMID: 34486391 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the stress tolerance mechanism of multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells and elucidate the means to improve the stress tolerance of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell viability, apoptosis, and senescence-related protein expression were detected under H2O2 stress by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tetrazolium reduction assay, flow cytometry in combination with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and western blotting analysis, respectively. A significant increase in the CCNA2 gene level within Muse cells relative to adipose stem cells (ASCs) was observed. In the H2O2 stress environment in vitro, the survival rate of Muse cells remarkably increased compared with the survival rate of the ASCs. In addition, a reduced level of apoptosis and senescence-related protein expression of Muse cells relative to ASCs was documented. The miR-29b-3p-induced negative regulation of CCNA2 gene expression was confirmed by in vitro luciferase assay. A significant upregulation of CCNA2 gene expression in ASCs, transfected with antagomir-29b-3p, improved the survival rate of ASCs under H2O2 stress but dramatically reduced the apoptosis and expression of the senescence-related gene; agomir-29b-3p could partially reverse these effects. In conclusion, high expression of the CCNA2 gene is associated with an increased stress tolerance of Muse cells. Regulating the expression of CCNA2 by miR-29b-3p can alter the stress tolerance of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- The Dermal and Venereal Department, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China.,The Dermal and Venereal Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruzhi Zhang
- The Dermal and Venereal Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, China
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25
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Champenois EG, Sanchez DM, Yang J, Figueira Nunes JP, Attar A, Centurion M, Forbes R, Gühr M, Hegazy K, Ji F, Saha SK, Liu Y, Lin MF, Luo D, Moore B, Shen X, Ware MR, Wang XJ, Martínez TJ, Wolf TJA. Conformer-specific photochemistry imaged in real space and time. Science 2021; 374:178-182. [PMID: 34618569 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D M Sanchez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Yang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J P Figueira Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - A Attar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - R Forbes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M Gühr
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - K Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - F Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - S K Saha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Luo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - B Moore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - X Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M R Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - X J Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - T J Martínez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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26
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Lei Y, Liu H, Xia F, Gan S, Wang Y, Huo W, Wang Q, Ji F. Effects of Esketamine on Acute and Chronic Pain After Thoracoscopy Pulmonary Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Multicenter-Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, and Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:693594. [PMID: 34568362 PMCID: PMC8455819 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.693594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Post-operative pain management for patients undergoing thoracoscopy surgery is challenging for clinicians which increase both health and economic burden. The non-selective NMDA receptor antagonist esketamine possesses an analgesic effect twice that of ketamine. The application of esketamine might be beneficial in alleviating acute and chronic pain after thoracic surgery. The current study describes the protocol aiming to evaluate the analgesic effect of esketamine after pulmonary surgery via visual analog scale (VAS) score for acute and chronic pain. Methods: A multi-center, prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study is designed to explore the analgesic effect of esketamine in randomized patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with general anesthesia. Patients will be randomly assigned to Esketamine Group (Group K) and Control Group (Group C) in a ratio of 1:1. Group K patients will receive esketamine with a bolus of 0.1 mg/kg after anesthesia induction, 0.1 mg/kg/h throughout the operation and 0.015 mg/kg/h in PCIA after surgery while Group C patients will receive the same volume of normal saline. The primary outcome is to measure the pain intensity through the VAS score at 3 months after the operation. The secondary outcome includes VAS score at 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h and on the 7th day and 1 month after the operation, complications, ketamine-related neurological side effects, recovery time of bowel function, and total amount of supplemental analgesics. Discussion: The results of the current study might illustrate the analgesic effect of esketamine for patients undergoing thoracoscopy pulmonary surgery and provide evidence and insight for perioperative pain management. Study Registration: The trial was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (CHICTR) on Nov 18th, 2020 (ChiCTR2000040012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shulin Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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27
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Aharonian F, An Q, Axikegu, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Volpe DD, Piazzoli BD, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang Y, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. A dynamic range extension system for LHAASO WCDA-1. Radiat Detect Technol Methods 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-021-00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Cao Z, Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chen BM, Chen ES, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, Dong XJ, Duan KK, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao LQ, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo FL, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang XY, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Ke T, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li XR, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Min Z, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Qi YQ, Qiao BQ, Qin JJ, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Saiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JY, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Su Y, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang Y, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao DX, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yan JZ, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang LX, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Peta-electron volt gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula. Science 2021; 373:425-430. [PMID: 34261813 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Crab Nebula is a bright source of gamma rays powered by the Crab Pulsar's rotational energy through the formation and termination of a relativistic electron-positron wind. We report the detection of gamma rays from this source with energies from 5 × 10-4 to 1.1 peta-electron volts with a spectrum showing gradual steepening over three energy decades. The ultrahigh-energy photons imply the presence of a peta-electron volt electron accelerator (a pevatron) in the nebula, with an acceleration rate exceeding 15% of the theoretical limit. We constrain the pevatron's size between 0.025 and 0.1 parsecs and the magnetic field to ≈110 microgauss. The production rate of peta-electron volt electrons, 2.5 × 1036 ergs per second, constitutes 0.5% of the pulsar spin-down luminosity, although we cannot exclude a contribution of peta-electron volt protons to the production of the highest-energy gamma rays.
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29
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Liu M, Song S, Chen Q, Sun J, Chu W, Zhang Y, Ji F. Gut microbiota mediates cognitive impairment in young mice after multiple neonatal exposures to sevoflurane. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16733-16748. [PMID: 34182544 PMCID: PMC8266337 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple exposures to anesthesia may increase the risk of cognitive impairment in young children. However, the mechanisms underlying this neurodevelopmental disorder remain elusive. In this study, we investigated alteration of the gut microbiota after multiple neonatal exposures to the anesthetic sevoflurane and the potential role of microbiota alteration on cognitive impairment using a young mice model. Multiple neonatal sevoflurane exposures resulted in obvious cognitive impairment symptoms and altered gut microbiota composition. Fecal transplantation experiments confirmed that alteration of the microbiota was responsible for the cognitive disorders in young mice. Microbiota profiling analysis identified microbial taxa that showed consistent differential abundance before and after fecal microbiota transplantation. Several of the differentially abundant taxa are associated with memory and/or health of the host, such as species of Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Pseudoflavonifractor. The results reveal that abnormal composition of the gut microbiota is a risk factor for cognitive impairment in young mice after multiple neonatal exposures to sevoflurane and provide insight into a potential therapeutic strategy for sevoflurane-related neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoyong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chu
- Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Lin X, Zou R, Liu Y, Ji F, Tao Z, Xu A. Continuous detection of norovirus and astrovirus in wastewater in a coastal city of China in 2014-2016. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:418-425. [PMID: 34176155 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) and human astrovirus (HAstV) are important causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. They are comprised of multiple genotypes and attention should be paid to genotype changes or emergence of new genetic variants. To study the prevalence and diversity of NoV GI, GII, and HAstV circulating in eastern China, we conducted a three-year environmental surveillance in a coastal city of Yantai. Thirty-six sewage samples were collected, processed, and examined for the presence of viral genomes by PCR. The results showed that NoV GI, GII, and HAstV were detected in all 36 samples. Six NoV GI genotypes, 11 NoV GII genotypes, and 5 HAstV serotypes were identified; GI.6, GII.17, and HAstV-5 were the most prevalent types, respectively. Persistent existence of NoV GII.17 Kawasaki 308 variant was observed during whole study period. Phylogenetic analysis reflected multiple transmission lineages in local population for both viruses. Our results reflect continuous presence of enteric viruses in sewage, improve our understanding on their molecular epidemiology, and demonstrate surveillance on sewage is an effective approach in understanding the local circulation of enteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - R Zou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Y Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - F Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Tao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - A Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Aharonian F, An Q, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Della Volpe D, D'Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X, Huang XY. Extended Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission Surrounding PSR J0622+3749 Observed by LHAASO-KM2A. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:241103. [PMID: 34213924 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of an extended very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray source around the location of the middle-aged (207.8 kyr) pulsar PSR J0622+3749 with the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). The source is detected with a significance of 8.2σ for E>25 TeV assuming a Gaussian template. The best-fit location is (right ascension, declination) =(95.47°±0.11°,37.92°±0.09°), and the extension is 0.40°±0.07°. The energy spectrum can be described by a power-law spectrum with an index of -2.92±0.17_{stat}±0.02_{sys}. No clear extended multiwavelength counterpart of the LHAASO source has been found from the radio to sub-TeV bands. The LHAASO observations are consistent with the scenario that VHE electrons escaped from the pulsar, diffused in the interstellar medium, and scattered the interstellar radiation field. If interpreted as the pulsar halo scenario, the diffusion coefficient, inferred for electrons with median energies of ∼160 TeV, is consistent with those obtained from the extended halos around Geminga and Monogem and much smaller than that derived from cosmic ray secondaries. The LHAASO discovery of this source thus likely enriches the class of so-called pulsar halos and confirms that high-energy particles generally diffuse very slowly in the disturbed medium around pulsars.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland
- Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics, P.O. Box 103980, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L X Bai
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H Cai
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - J T Cai
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Cao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Z Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - X C Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - B M Chen
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - J Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - L Chen
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - L Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - M L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - X L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - N Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - X H Cui
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Z G Dai
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Della Volpe
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B D'Ettorre Piazzoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Napoli "Federico II," Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - X J Dong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z X Fan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - K Fang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L S Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Q B Gou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - M H Gu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - J G Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - H H He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J C He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S L He
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X B He
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Heller
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S Hu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S C Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X J Hu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Q L Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - W H Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Z C Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - K Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Jin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - K Levochkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - H B Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X R Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Z Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Y F Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J S Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, 850000 Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S M Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Z X Liu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W J Long
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - H K Lv
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J R Mao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - A Masood
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y C Nan
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - B Y Pang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - M Y Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V Rulev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - X D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - J R Shi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Yu V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Z B Sun
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Z B Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - W W Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - B D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - C Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J C Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - J S Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - L P Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - R N Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X G Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - X J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Z Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Z Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H R Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - W X Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S Q Xi
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J J Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G M Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H B Xiao
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - G G Xin
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Xing
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D H Yan
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - F F Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - J Y Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, 519082 Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - M J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - S B Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Y H Yao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y M Ye
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - L Q Yin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X H You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Z Y You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y H Yu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - T X Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Z K Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - M Zha
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - J L Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - J W Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - P P Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F Zheng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Y Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - J N Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - X Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan, China
| | - X Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210023 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Xin J, Ma X, Chen W, Zhou W, Dong H, Wang Z, Ji F. Regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability by Salvinorin A via alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress in brain endothelial cell after ischemia stroke. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105093. [PMID: 34097989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reduces blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), with indistinct mechanisms. Salvinorin A (SA) relieves I/R-induced BBB leakage; however, whether it is related to the suppression of ER stress is yet unclear. To address this question, we have used both a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). SA was injected by tail vein at the terminal of ischemia; Norbinaltorphimine (NB), a kappa opioid antagonist, was administered 30 min prior to SA; 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, was injected intraperitoneally after the onset of ischemia; adenylate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were transfected to HBMECs before OGD. The assessment was as follows: infarct volume, brain water gain, Evans blue leakage, and modified neurological severity score (mNSS) after MCAO; HBMECs apoptosis rate and permeability, ER stress-related protein, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium levels after OGD. The results showed that SA significantly reduced the BBB leakage in vivo; SA relieved the apoptotic rates and ER stress in HBMECs, protected the permeability of HBMECs, and reduced ROS and calcium ion level after OGD. Moreover, the SA function was blocked by NB in vivo and AMPK- siRNAs in vitro. We conclude that SA mitigated BBB damage and HBMEC injury after I/R and alleviated ER stress in endothelial cells via AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weiying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haiping Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
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Ji F, Li T, Nguyen MH. Improved survival and high sustained virologic response with DAA therapy in patients with HCV-related HCC: A call for expanded use. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1721-1722. [PMID: 33528034 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - M H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Cao Z, Aharonian FA, An Q, Axikegu, Bai LX, Bai YX, Bao YW, Bastieri D, Bi XJ, Bi YJ, Cai H, Cai JT, Cao Z, Chang J, Chang JF, Chang XC, Chen BM, Chen J, Chen L, Chen L, Chen L, Chen MJ, Chen ML, Chen QH, Chen SH, Chen SZ, Chen TL, Chen XL, Chen Y, Cheng N, Cheng YD, Cui SW, Cui XH, Cui YD, Dai BZ, Dai HL, Dai ZG, Danzengluobu, Della Volpe D, D Ettorre Piazzoli B, Dong XJ, Fan JH, Fan YZ, Fan ZX, Fang J, Fang K, Feng CF, Feng L, Feng SH, Feng YL, Gao B, Gao CD, Gao Q, Gao W, Ge MM, Geng LS, Gong GH, Gou QB, Gu MH, Guo JG, Guo XL, Guo YQ, Guo YY, Han YA, He HH, He HN, He JC, He SL, He XB, He Y, Heller M, Hor YK, Hou C, Hou X, Hu HB, Hu S, Hu SC, Hu XJ, Huang DH, Huang QL, Huang WH, Huang XT, Huang ZC, Ji F, Ji XL, Jia HY, Jiang K, Jiang ZJ, Jin C, Kuleshov D, Levochkin K, Li BB, Li C, Li C, Li F, Li HB, Li HC, Li HY, Li J, Li K, Li WL, Li X, Li X, Li XR, Li Y, Li YZ, Li Z, Li Z, Liang EW, Liang YF, Lin SJ, Liu B, Liu C, Liu D, Liu H, Liu HD, Liu J, Liu JL, Liu JS, Liu JY, Liu MY, Liu RY, Liu SM, Liu W, Liu YN, Liu ZX, Long WJ, Lu R, Lv HK, Ma BQ, Ma LL, Ma XH, Mao JR, Masood A, Mitthumsiri W, Montaruli T, Nan YC, Pang BY, Pattarakijwanich P, Pei ZY, Qi MY, Ruffolo D, Rulev V, Sáiz A, Shao L, Shchegolev O, Sheng XD, Shi JR, Song HC, Stenkin YV, Stepanov V, Sun QN, Sun XN, Sun ZB, Tam PHT, Tang ZB, Tian WW, Wang BD, Wang C, Wang H, Wang HG, Wang JC, Wang JS, Wang LP, Wang LY, Wang RN, Wang W, Wang W, Wang XG, Wang XJ, Wang XY, Wang YD, Wang YJ, Wang YP, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang ZH, Wang ZX, Wei DM, Wei JJ, Wei YJ, Wen T, Wu CY, Wu HR, Wu S, Wu WX, Wu XF, Xi SQ, Xia J, Xia JJ, Xiang GM, Xiao G, Xiao HB, Xin GG, Xin YL, Xing Y, Xu DL, Xu RX, Xue L, Yan DH, Yang CW, Yang FF, Yang JY, Yang LL, Yang MJ, Yang RZ, Yang SB, Yao YH, Yao ZG, Ye YM, Yin LQ, Yin N, You XH, You ZY, Yu YH, Yuan Q, Zeng HD, Zeng TX, Zeng W, Zeng ZK, Zha M, Zhai XX, Zhang BB, Zhang HM, Zhang HY, Zhang JL, Zhang JW, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Zhang PF, Zhang PP, Zhang R, Zhang SR, Zhang SS, Zhang X, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Zhao B, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao LZ, Zhao SP, Zheng F, Zheng Y, Zhou B, Zhou H, Zhou JN, Zhou P, Zhou R, Zhou XX, Zhu CG, Zhu FR, Zhu H, Zhu KJ, Zuo X. Ultrahigh-energy photons up to 1.4 petaelectronvolts from 12 γ-ray Galactic sources. Nature 2021; 594:33-36. [PMID: 34002091 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The extension of the cosmic-ray spectrum beyond 1 petaelectronvolt (PeV; 1015 electronvolts) indicates the existence of the so-called PeVatrons-cosmic-ray factories that accelerate particles to PeV energies. We need to locate and identify such objects to find the origin of Galactic cosmic rays1. The principal signature of both electron and proton PeVatrons is ultrahigh-energy (exceeding 100 TeV) γ radiation. Evidence of the presence of a proton PeVatron has been found in the Galactic Centre, according to the detection of a hard-spectrum radiation extending to 0.04 PeV (ref. 2). Although γ-rays with energies slightly higher than 0.1 PeV have been reported from a few objects in the Galactic plane3-6, unbiased identification and in-depth exploration of PeVatrons requires detection of γ-rays with energies well above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the detection of more than 530 photons at energies above 100 teraelectronvolts and up to 1.4 PeV from 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources with a statistical significance greater than seven standard deviations. Despite having several potential counterparts in their proximity, including pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and star-forming regions, the PeVatrons responsible for the ultrahigh-energy γ-rays have not yet been firmly localized and identified (except for the Crab Nebula), leaving open the origin of these extreme accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - F A Aharonian
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland. .,Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Q An
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Axikegu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - L X Bai
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y W Bao
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Bastieri
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y J Bi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Cai
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - J T Cai
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - J Chang
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - J F Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - X C Chang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B M Chen
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Chen
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - M J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - Q H Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - S H Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S Z Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - T L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - X L Chen
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Chen
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - N Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y D Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S W Cui
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - X H Cui
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y D Cui
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - B Z Dai
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - H L Dai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Z G Dai
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danzengluobu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - D Della Volpe
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B D Ettorre Piazzoli
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - X J Dong
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J H Fan
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Z Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Z X Fan
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Fang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - K Fang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C F Feng
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - S H Feng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - B Gao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C D Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Q Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - W Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - M M Ge
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - L S Geng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - G H Gong
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Q B Gou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M H Gu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - J G Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X L Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Y Guo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Y A Han
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H H He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H N He
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - J C He
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S L He
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X B He
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Y He
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Heller
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y K Hor
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Hou
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - H B Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S Hu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - S C Hu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X J Hu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - D H Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Q L Huang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W H Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - X T Huang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Z C Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - F Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X L Ji
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - H Y Jia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - K Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Z J Jiang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - C Jin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - D Kuleshov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Levochkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - B B Li
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - H B Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - K Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W L Li
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - X Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - X R Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Li
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - E W Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Y F Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - S J Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - B Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - H D Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J L Liu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J S Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - J Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet University), Ministry of Education, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - R Y Liu
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - S M Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - W Liu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y N Liu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Z X Liu
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W J Long
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - H K Lv
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Q Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X H Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J R Mao
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - A Masood
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Mitthumsiri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y C Nan
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - B Y Pang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - P Pattarakijwanich
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Y Pei
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Y Qi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D Ruffolo
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V Rulev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Sáiz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L Shao
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - O Shchegolev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - X D Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J R Shi
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H C Song
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu V Stenkin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Stepanov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Q N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - X N Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Z B Sun
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - P H T Tam
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Z B Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - W W Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - B D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Wang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - H G Wang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J C Wang
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - J S Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L P Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - L Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R N Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - W Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X G Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - X J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Y Wang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y D Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z H Wang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z X Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - D M Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - J J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Wen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - C Y Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H R Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Wu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W X Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - X F Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - S Q Xi
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Xia
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - J J Xia
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - G M Xiang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - G Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H B Xiao
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - G G Xin
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y L Xin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Xing
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - D L Xu
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - R X Xu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Xue
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - D H Yan
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - C W Yang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - F F Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - J Y Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - L L Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy & School of Physics (Guangzhou), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - M J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R Z Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - S B Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Y H Yao
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z G Yao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y M Ye
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - L Q Yin
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - N Yin
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - X H You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Y You
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y H Yu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Q Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - H D Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - T X Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - W Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Z K Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Zha
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X X Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B B Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H M Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - J L Zhang
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J W Zhang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - L X Zhang
- Center for Astrophysics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - P F Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - P P Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - R Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - S R Zhang
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - S S Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - X P Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - B Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - L Z Zhao
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - S P Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - F Zheng
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J N Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - P Zhou
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X X Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - C G Zhu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - F R Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - K J Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, Beijing, China
| | - X Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wei X, Wang L, Hua J, Jin XH, Ji F, Peng K, Zhou B, Yang J, Meng XW. Inhibiting BDNF/TrkB.T1 receptor improves resiniferatoxin-induced postherpetic neuralgia through decreasing ASIC3 signaling in dorsal root ganglia. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:96. [PMID: 33874962 PMCID: PMC8054387 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a devastating complication after varicella-zoster virus infection. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of PHN. A truncated isoform of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor TrkB.T1, as a high-affinity receptor of BDNF, is upregulated in multiple nervous system injuries, and such upregulation is associated with pain. Acid-sensitive ion channel 3 (ASIC3) is involved in chronic neuropathic pain, but its relation with BDNF/TrkB.T1 in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) during PHN is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether BDNF/TrkB.T1 contributes to PHN through regulating ASIC3 signaling in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). METHODS Resiniferatoxin (RTX) was used to induce rat PHN models. Mechanical allodynia was assessed by measuring the paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs). Thermal hyperalgesia was determined by detecting the paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs). We evaluated the effects of TrkB.T1-ASIC3 signaling inhibition on the behavior, neuronal excitability, and inflammatory response during RTX-induced PHN. ASIC3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection was used to investigate the effect of exogenous BDNF on inflammatory response in cultured PC-12 cells. RESULTS RTX injection induced mechanical allodynia and upregulated the protein expression of BDNF, TrkB.T1, ASIC3, TRAF6, nNOS, and c-Fos, as well as increased neuronal excitability in DRGs. Inhibition of ASIC3 reversed the abovementioned effects of RTX, except for BDNF and TrkB.T1 protein expression. In addition, inhibition of TrkB.T1 blocked RTX-induced mechanical allodynia, activation of ASIC3 signaling, and hyperexcitability of neurons. RTX-induced BDNF upregulation was found in both neurons and satellite glia cells in DRGs. Furthermore, exogenous BDNF activated ASIC3 signaling, increased NO level, and enhanced IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in PC-12 cells, which was blocked by shRNA-ASIC3 transfection. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that inhibiting BDNF/TrkB.T1 reduced inflammation, decreased neuronal hyperexcitability, and improved mechanical allodynia through regulating the ASIC3 signaling pathway in DRGs, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for patients with PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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36
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Xu WW, Xu Y, Ji F, Ji Y, Wang QG. Inhibition of long non-coding RNA TSIX accelerates tibia fraction healing via binding and positively regulating the SOX6 expression. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 24:4070-4079. [PMID: 32373943 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_20983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fragile fracture patients need to be treated with long-term fixation and the recovery process is slow. Several studies have shown that the fracture healing process is related to gene expression. We aimed to investigate the role of long chain non-coding RNA TSIX (lncRNA TSIX) on fracture healing after tibial fracture (TF) and explore the molecular mechanism underlying its action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The male C57BL/6J mice were used to construct TF models and osteoblasts were used as in vitro model. The proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenesis-related genes of Col1a1, Col-II, and Col-X were detected to evaluate the role of lncRNA TSIX in vivo and in vitro after TF. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was conducted to confirm the fracture healing conditions. RESULTS We found that LncRNA TSIX expression in plasma of TF mice significantly upregulated in a time-dependent manner. Overexpression of lncRNA TSIX could significantly inhibit proliferation but promote apoptosis and regulate the osteogenesis-related genes expression by binding and positively regulate sex-determining region Y box 6 (SOX6) expression, while knockdown of lncRNA TSIX showed the opposite effect in osteoblastic cells. Inhibition of lncRNA TSIX could improve fracture healing after TF. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study supported that knockdown of lncRNA TSIX could promote the tibia fracture healing by binding and inhibiting the SOX6 expression. We suggest that lncRNA TSIX/SOX may be the potential targets for the treatment of TF.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-W Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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37
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Chen Q, Chu W, Sheng R, Song S, Yang J, Ji F, Jin X. Maternal anesthesia with sevoflurane during the mid-gestation induces social interaction deficits in offspring C57BL/6 mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:65-71. [PMID: 33756347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane anesthesia in pregnant mice could induce neurotoxicity in the developing brain and disturb learning and memory in the offspring mice. Whether it could impair social behaviors in the offspring mice is uncertain. Therefore, we assessed the neurobehavioral effect of in-utero exposure to sevoflurane on social interaction behaviors in C57BL/6 mice. The pregnant mice were anesthetized with 2.5% sevoflurane in 100% oxygen for 2 h, and their offspring mice were tested in three-chambered social paradigm, which includes three 10-min sessions of habituation, sociability, and preference for social novelty. At the juvenile age, the offspring mice showed abnormal sociability, as proved by not taking more time sniffing at the stranger 1 mouse compared with the empty enclosure (108.5 ± 25.4 vs. 108.2 ± 44.0 s, P = 0.9876). Meanwhile, these mice showed impaired preference for social novelty, as evidenced by not taking more time sniffing at the stranger 2 compared with the stranger 1 mouse (92.1 ± 52.2 vs. 126.7 ± 50.8 s, P = 0.1502). At the early adulthood, the offspring mice retrieved the normal sociability (145.6 ± 33.2 vs. 76.0 ± 31.8 s, P = 0.0001), but remained the impaired preference for social novelty (100.6 ± 29.3 vs. 118.0 ± 47.9 s, P = 0.3269). Collectively, these results suggested maternal anesthesia with sevoflurane could induce social interaction deficits in their offspring mice. Although the disturbance of sociability could be recoverable, the impairment of preference for social novelty could be long-lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shaoyong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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38
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Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Li X, Ji F. Dexmedetomidine reversed hypoxia/reoxygenation injury-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via SIRT1/CHOP signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2803-2812. [PMID: 33725228 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the protective role and mechanism of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on H9c2 cardiomyocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Six experimental groups were designed as follows: normal control group (group C), H/R group, H/R + DEX group, H/R + gastrodin group, H/R + Ex527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) group, and H/R + DEX + Ex527 group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and the levels of oxidative stress-related enzymes such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured using corresponding commercial kits. Cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay was used to detect cell survival rate while flow cytometry and caspase 3/7 activity were used to determine cell apoptosis, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved-caspase-12/3 and pro-caspase-12/3 in each group. From our findings, when compared with H/R, H/R + Ex527 and H/R + DEX + Ex527 groups, DEX pretreatment of cells in H/R + DEX group significantly increased cell survival rate, and simultaneously reduced LDH activity, oxidative stress and the apoptosis rate of H9c2 cells with H/R injury. Moreover, DEX up-regulated SIRT1 expression level and down-regulated the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers such as CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3, respectively. Ex527 could completely block DEX-induced upregulated expression of SIRT1, and partially blocked the DEX-induced downregulated expression levels of CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3. These results proved that DEX reversed H/R injury-induced oxidative stress and ER stress-dependent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via SIRT1/CHOP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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39
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Wang Y, Lei Y, Gu Y, Kong X, Bian Z, Ji F. Effect of dexmedetomidine on CD4+ T cells and programmed cell death protein-1 in postoperative analgesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Minerva Anestesiol 2021; 87:423-431. [PMID: 33432790 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.20.14581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical trauma inhibits cellular immunity. Dexmedetomidine produces opioid-sparing effect and an impact on immune response. METHODS Eighty-six surgical patients were enrolled and received postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with either fentanyl alone (fentanyl group) or combined with dexmedetomidine (dexmedetomidine group). The percentages of T helper cells (Th1, Th2, and Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells, expression levels of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) on the CD4+ T cells, and plasma levels of the cytokines were tested. Postoperative pain was measured by numerical rating scale (NRS), including NRS at rest (NRSR) and movement (NRSM). RESULTS In dexmedetomidine group, Th1 cells were increased significantly at 24 and 48 h following surgery (P=0.011 and P=0.013, respectively) and Treg cells were significantly higher at 48 h postoperatively (P=0.013). PD-1 was significantly lower in dexmedetomidine group at 24 h postoperatively (P=0.046) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-6 were significantly decreased at 48 h postoperatively (P=0.024 and P=0.035, respectively). Compared with fentanyl group, NRSR scores were lower in dexmedetomidine group at 24 h following surgery (P=0.018) and NRSR and NRSM scores were lower at 48 h postoperatively (P=0.007 and P=0.011, respectively). NRSR exhibited negative correlations with Th1 cells in fentanyl group and dexmedetomidine group (P=0.003 and P=0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine increases the differentiation of Th1 and Treg cells and reduces the expression of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells. Dexmedetomidine may assist to ameliorate postoperative pain and attenuate proinflammatory response. There might be a negative correlation between pain and Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yishan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Clinical Immunology Institute of Jiangsu Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Bian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China -
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Yang Z, Fan L, Kwon K, Pan J, Shen C, Tao J, Ji F. Age estimation for children and young adults by volumetric analysis of upper anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography data. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2020; 79:851-859. [DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ji F, Liu W, Hao DA, Cheng J, Tong XC, Hao JG, Wang LP, Li CY, Dai MJ, Yan XB. Use of convalescent plasma therapy in eight individuals with mild COVID-19. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 39:100814. [PMID: 33204428 PMCID: PMC7661912 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a global epidemic. Several studies of individuals with severe COVID-19 regard convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion as an effective therapy. However, no significant improvements are found in randomized clinical trials of CP treatment. Until now, data for individuals with mild COVID-19 transfused CP were lacking. This study recruited eight individuals with mild COVID-19 who received at least one dose of CP transfusion. After CP therapy, the clinical symptoms of all individuals improved. Lymphocyte counts tended to increase, and lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase tended to decrease. However, C-reactive protein increased transiently in three individuals. The median time for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid test to become negative was 2.5 days after CP transfusion. The study shows the potential benefits of CP. Meanwhile, CP probably enhances the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 temporarily in people with insufficient antiviral immunity. However, the effects of CP are not permanent.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ji
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Fuyang Second Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - D-A Hao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Cheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - X-C Tong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - J-G Hao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - L-P Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - C-Y Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - M-J Dai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - X-B Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Du HB, Lin XJ, Liu SS, Ji F, Tao ZX, Song YY, Xu AQ. [Molecular epidemiological characterization of group A rotavirus in domestic sewage in Jinan from 2016 to 2018]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 54:1115-1120. [PMID: 33115198 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200420-00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the detection of group A rotavirus (RVA) in domestic sewage and its molecular epidemiological characteristics, and further explore the feasibility and necessity of RVA environmental surveillance. Methods: From 2016 to 2018, we collected domestic sewage samples monthly in Jinan city, and concentrated them via anion membrane adsorption-elution method. Then RNA extraction and RVA VP7 and VP4 coding region RT-PCR amplification were performed. After purification, TA cloning and sequencing, homology analysis and phylogenetic analysis were conducted on the obtained sequences. Results: RVA G gene was detected in 31 of the 36 sewage samples (86.1% detection rate); RVA P genotype was detected in 33 samples (91.7% detection rate). A total of 536 RVA sequences were obtained, of which 225 G-type sequences belonged to 6 genotypes, and the G9 accounted for 92.4% (208/225); 311 P-type sequences were obtained, which belonged to 4 genotypes. The dominant P[8] accounted for 50.1% (156/311), followed by P[4] with 41.8% (130/311). Phylogenetic analysis shows that there were multiple transmission chains circulating in the dominant genotypes G9 and P[8]. Conclusion: The genotype, homology, and phylogenetic characteristics of sequences obtained from domestic sewage in Jinan area were described, which further confirmeing that RVA environmental surveillance is not feasible but also necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Du
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - X J Lin
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - S S Liu
- Organization and Personnel Section, Xiangyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - F Ji
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Z X Tao
- Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Y Y Song
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - A Q Xu
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Institute of Immunization and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
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Jin X, Ji L, Chen Q, Sheng R, Ji F, Yang J. Anesthesia plus surgery in neonatal period impairs preference for social novelty in mice at the juvenile age. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:603-608. [PMID: 32747091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetic sevoflurane could induce neurotoxicity in developing brain and cause adverse neurobehavioral outcomes in mice, including inattention, social interaction deficit, and learning and memory impairment. However, there is less data on the effect of anesthesia plus surgery on social interaction behavior. Therefore, we investigated whether the combination of anesthesia and surgical stimulation could induce behavioral and biochemical changes in mice. Firstly, the six-day-old mice were received either 3% sevoflurane anesthesia or abdominal surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia. Then, these mice were scheduled to social interaction test in three-chambered social paradigm at one-month-old. In addition, the brain tissues of neonatal mice were harvested at 24 h after treatment, for measuring the levels of OXTR and NMDAR1 in Western blot analysis. We found that neonatal anesthesia with sevoflurane in a clinically-relevant dosage could not induce social interaction deficit. Nevertheless, anesthesia plus surgery was able to impair preference for social novelty in mice. Moreover, anesthesia plus surgery decreased the levels of OXTR in hippocampus and cortex of mice, as well as NMDAR1 in hippocampus. Collectively, these results suggested that anesthesia plus surgery could impair social novelty preference, but not sociability in mice, and that social memory might be more vulnerable than social affiliation in biological property. Furthermore, reduction in the levels of cortex OXTR and hippocampus NMDAR1 could be associated with social recognition memory in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Li WP, Zhu T, Hu MX, Yang M, Ji F, Gao HF, Yang CQ, Zhang LL, Cheng MY, Xu FP, Wang K. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of the EC-T (epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel) and TCb (docetaxel/carboplatin) neoadjuvant regimens in early TOP2A-normal stage II-III breast cancer. Neoplasma 2020; 67:1409-1415. [PMID: 32657611 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2020_200130n96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the EC-T (4 cycles of epirubicin 90 mg/m2 + cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2, followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel 75 mg/m2) and TCb (6 cycles of docetaxel 75 mg/m2, intravenous drip (ID), day 1 + carboplatin AUC 6, ID, day 1) neoadjuvant regimens in patients with TOP2A-normal stage II-III breast cancer. This study analyzed 280 patients enrolled from three studies registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03140553, NCT03154749, NCT03507465) with early TOP2A-normal stage II-III breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including 100 patients who received the EC-T regimen and 180 patients who received the TCb regimen. The primary endpoint was the ratio of RCB 0/1 (residual cancer burden 0/1) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The secondary endpoint was the safety of the two groups. There was no significant difference in the ratio of RCB 0/1 between the two groups (23% vs. 23.9%, p=0.614). Among the triple-negative breast cancer patients, the efficacy did not differ between the two groups (40% vs. 32%, p=0.52). Among the lymph node metastasis patients, the efficacy of the EC-T group was significantly better than that of the TCb group (14% vs. 2.6%, p=0.03). Regarding the side effects, the incidence of grade 3/4 anemia was higher in the EC-T group than in the TCb group (21.0% vs. 8.33%, p=0.002), while the incidence of grade 3/4 neutropenia was higher in the EC-T group than in the TCb group (17% vs. 14.44%, p=0.570), and the incidence of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was low in each group (EC-T group: 6 % and TCb group: 7.22%, p=0.697). In the EC-T group, grade 3/4 nausea and vomiting occurred in 5 patients. The EC-T group showed a higher rate of grade 3/4 myalgia than the TCb group (7% and 4.44%, respectively, p=0.363). To conclude, the TCb regimen can be used as an alternative regimen for TOP2A-normal stage II-III breast cancer patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, in patients with node-positive tumors, EC-T is still recommended. Though no difference of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in two groups, grade 4 thrombocytopenia caused by the carboplatin-containing regimen should be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Zhu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - M X Hu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Ji
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H F Gao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - C Q Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - L L Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Y Cheng
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - F P Xu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yuan H, Du S, Chen L, Xu X, Wang Y, Ji F. Hypomethylation of nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes binding of C/EBPα and contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:34. [PMID: 31980031 PMCID: PMC6982391 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pain usually accompanied by tissue damage and inflammation. However, the pathogenesis of chronic pain remains unclear. Methods We investigated the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in chronic inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), explored the methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter region of the NGF gene, and clarified the function and mechanism of C/EBPα-NGF signaling pathway from epigenetic perspective in the chronic inflammatory pain model. Results CFA induced significant hyperalgesia and continuous upregulation of NGF mRNA and protein levels in the L4–6 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) in rats. Hypomethylation of CpG islands occurred in the NGF gene promoter region after CFA treatment. At the same time, the miR-29b expression level was significantly increased, while the DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) level reduced significantly. Moreover, CFA treatment promoted binding of C/EBPα to the NGF gene promoter region and C/EBPα siRNA treatment obviously decreased expression of NGF levels and also alleviate inflammatory hyperalgesia significantly in rats. Conclusion Collectively, the results indicated that CFA leads to the upregulation of miR-29b level, which represses the expression of DNMT3b, enhances the demethylation of the NGF gene promoter region, and promotes the binding of C/EBPα with the NGF gene promoter, thus results in the upregulation of NGF gene expression and maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pain Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan H, Du S, Chen L, Xu X, Wang Y, Ji F. Hypomethylation of nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes binding of C/EBPα and contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2020. [PMID: 31980031 DOI: hypomethylation of nerve growth factor (ngf) promotes binding of c/ebpα and contributes to inflammatory hyperalgesia in rats] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain usually accompanied by tissue damage and inflammation. However, the pathogenesis of chronic pain remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in chronic inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), explored the methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter region of the NGF gene, and clarified the function and mechanism of C/EBPα-NGF signaling pathway from epigenetic perspective in the chronic inflammatory pain model. RESULTS CFA induced significant hyperalgesia and continuous upregulation of NGF mRNA and protein levels in the L4-6 dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) in rats. Hypomethylation of CpG islands occurred in the NGF gene promoter region after CFA treatment. At the same time, the miR-29b expression level was significantly increased, while the DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) level reduced significantly. Moreover, CFA treatment promoted binding of C/EBPα to the NGF gene promoter region and C/EBPα siRNA treatment obviously decreased expression of NGF levels and also alleviate inflammatory hyperalgesia significantly in rats. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results indicated that CFA leads to the upregulation of miR-29b level, which represses the expression of DNMT3b, enhances the demethylation of the NGF gene promoter region, and promotes the binding of C/EBPα with the NGF gene promoter, thus results in the upregulation of NGF gene expression and maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pain Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Pain Medicine, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou RM, Shao B, Luo C, Dai HY, Xu J, Li XY, Wang N, Zhang RX, Ji F, Yang B, Jiang ZW, Hu F, Liu SP, Yao JJ, Liu Y, Zhou YW, Guan JX, Xiao ZM, Lu ZN. [Analysis of differences in epidemiology and clinical features of Guillain-Barré syndrome between rural and urban areas of southern China]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:3432-3436. [PMID: 31752474 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.43.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the differences in epidemiology and clinical features of Guillain- Barré syndrome (GBS) between rural and urban areas of southern China. Methods: The clinical data of 759 hospitalized GBS patients from 31 hospitals of 13 provinces/cities in southern China, between January 1st, 2013 and September 30th, 2016, were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: The risk of GBS was higher for males than females in rural and urban areas and the median age was 49 and 48 years, respectively. Seasonal clustering in winter and spring was noted in both rural and urban areas, and the seasonal trend was more markedly in rural areas, but the differences showed no statistical significance. There were 70.37% of patients in rural areas and 73.69% in urban areas who had antecedent respiratory infection. The median time from onset to nadir was 7 days, and Hughes Disability Scale at admission, nadir and discharge were (2.95±1.10 vs 2.84±1.15), (3.25±1.11 vs 3.14±1.21), (2.02±1.24 vs 2.00±1.31) in rural and urban areas respectively. Albuminocytologic dissociation was present in 84.34% of patients in rural areas and 84.62% of cases in urban areas. There were 8.65% and 10.94% of cases in rural and urban areas who required mechanical ventilation during hospitalization, respectively. Demyelinating GBS accounted for 53.29% and 48.77%, respectively, in patients with findings of nerve conduction studies available in rural and urban areas. Conclusions: GBS in rural areas of southern China showed male predominance and a peak of spring and winter occurrence, with respiratory infection as the predominated preceding events and demyelinating GBS being main clinical subtype. Winter and spring showed a higher incidence of GBS in rural and urban areas. There were no significant differences of sex, age, preceding events, season trend, progression of disease, clinical subtypes and cerebrospinal fluid investigations in GBS patients between rural and urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - B Shao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - C Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - H Y Dai
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 410072, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Neurology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - X Y Li
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - N Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - R X Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - F Ji
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - B Yang
- Department ofNeurology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Z W Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - F Hu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - S P Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - J J Yao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Y W Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - J X Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Z M Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Z N Lu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Zhang J, Xia F, Zhao H, Peng K, Liu H, Meng X, Chen C, Ji F. Dexmedetomidine-induced cardioprotection is mediated by inhibition of high mobility group box-1 and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218726. [PMID: 31344138 PMCID: PMC6657822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist that has anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism by which DEX protects against myocardial I/R. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to either sham operation or myocardial I/R, which was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Rats were treated with either DEX or saline prior to surgery. We measured heart infarct size, serum cardiac Troponin I (cTnI), cardiac High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) expression, myocardial apoptosis and cytokine production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Besides, we evaluated the heart function at 4 weeks post-reperfusion by echocardiography. Unilateral vagotomy or inhibition of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) with methyllycaconitine (MLA) was applied to investigate whether DEX-induced cardioprotection is mediated via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Cardiac-selective overexpression of HMGB1 was administered to further confirm if HMGB1 is a key anti-inflammatory target during DEX-induced cardioprotection. RESULTS DEX pretreatment significantly attenuated I/R-induced cardiac damage, as evidenced by decreases in short-term injury indicators including myocardial infarct size, cTnI release, myocardial apoptosis, cardiac HMGB1 expression, IL-6 and TNF-α production, as well as improvement on long-term cardiac function at 4 weeks post-reperfusion. These effects were partially reversed by either unilateral vagotomy or methyllycaconitine treatment. Besides, cardiac HMGB1-overexpression nearly abolished DEX-induced cardioprotection. CONCLUSIONS DEX pretreatment protects against myocardial I/R by inhibiting cardiac HMGB1 production and activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang C, Ke H, Xu X, Chen J, Sun D, Ji F. Protective effect of nicorandil on collapse‑induced lung injury in rabbits by inhibiting apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:725-736. [PMID: 31173181 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The one‑lung ventilation (OLV) technique is vital in thoracic surgery. However, it can result in severe lung injury, which is difficult to manage. The main solution at present is the use of ventilation strategies, including continuous positive oxygen pressure, low tidal volume and high frequency ventilation, and the administering of drugs, including phenylephrine, dexmedetomidine and morphine. However, the protective effect of these methods on the lungs is not sufficient to improve the prognosis of patients. Therefore, how to develop a novel protective drug remains an open question. Nicorandil, a mitochondrial (mito)KATP‑specific opener, serves an important role in cardioprotection, although its effect on lung injury remains unclear. The present study examined the protective role of nicorandil against collapse‑induced lung injury in rabbits undergoing OLV. Changes in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), arterial partial pressure for oxygen (PaO2), wet/dry weight ratio, and the microstructure of tissues and cells were observed. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rabbits treated with nicorandil. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase transfer‑mediated dUTP nick end‑labeling was used to detect apoptosis and western blotting was used to analyze the relative proteins involved in apoptosis. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to examine the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α), phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt) and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB in the lungs of rabbits treated with nicorandil. The SaO2 and PaO2 in the high‑dose group were significantly higher than those in the control group in the process of OLV. The wet/dry weight ratio, and the concentrations of MDA and TNF‑α in the collapsed lung of the high‑dose group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The activity of SOD in the high‑dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The lung had improved microstructure and less apoptosis, which was determined by the Bax/Bcl2 ratio in the high‑dose group. The expression levels of PI3K, phosphorylated Akt and HIF‑1α were upregulated, whereas the expression of NF‑κB was downregulated. In conclusion, nicorandil had a protective effect via inhibiting apoptosis in non‑ventilated lung collapsed and re‑expansion during OLV in the rabbit. It acted on mitoKATP through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Honggang Ke
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xingguo Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Sun
- Department of Ophthalmic Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Song B, Yang Y, Bai W, Li Z, Wan J, Teng X, Shao J, Ji F, Dong H, Zhu J. Effect of physical exercise on young anesthesiologists with on-call-related fatigue. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2019; 24:1055-1062. [PMID: 30900471 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1595681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijia Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanchao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenya Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingjie Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiufei Teng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fuhai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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