The role of ncRNA in the co-regulation of autophagy and exosome pathways during cancer progression

Since its discovery a few decades ago, autophagy has been recognized as a crucial signaling pathway, linked to the recycling of cellular components in nutrient stress. Autophagy is a two-way sword, playing a dual role in tumorigenesis. In this catabolic process, dysfunctional organelles, biomolecules, and misfolded proteins are sequestered in the autophagosome and sent to the lysosome for degradation. Alongside, there are cellular messengers called exosomes, which are released from cells and are known to communicate and regulate metabolism in recipient cells. Multivesicular bodies (MVB) act as the intricate link between autophagy and exosome pathways. The continuous crosstalk between the two pathways is coordinated and regulated by multiple players among which ncRNA is the emerging candidates. The exosomes carry varied cargo of which non-coding RNA exerts an immediate regulatory effect on recipient cells. ncRNA is known to exhibit dual behavior in both promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. There is increasing evidence for the involvement of ncRNAs' in the regulation of different hallmarks of cancer. Different ncRNAs are involved in the co-regulation of autophagy and exosome pathways and therefore represent a superior therapeutic approach to target cancer chemoresistance. Here, we will discuss the ncRNA involved in regulating autophagy, and exosomes pathways and its relevance in cancer therapeutics.

Abstract No. : ABS0801: Prevalence of ‘Bertolotti Syndrome’ in patients with chronic low back pain coming to pain clinic- out patient department in an urban tertiary care hospital

Background and Aims:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Reliability and clinical utility of the chronic pain classification in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases from a global perspective: results from India, Cuba, and New Zealand

ABSTRACT

Chronic pain affects 1 in 5 persons and contributes substantially to the global burden of disease. The 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes a comprehensive classification of chronic pain. The aim of this ecological implementation field study was to evaluate the classification's interrater reliability and clinical utility in countries with different income levels. The study was conducted in 4 pain clinics in Cuba, India, and New Zealand. Twenty-one clinicians used the ICD-11 to diagnose and code n = 353 patients with chronic pain. Of these, 111 were assessed by 2 clinicians, and Fleiss' kappa was calculated to establish interrater reliability for any diagnosis assigned to ≥15 patients. The clinicians rated the clinical utility of all diagnoses. The interrater reliability could be calculated for 11 diagnoses. It was substantial for 10 diagnoses and moderate for 1 (kappa: 0.596-0.783). The mean clinical utility of the ICD-11 chronic pain diagnoses was rated as 8.45 ± 1.69/10. Clinical utility was rated higher for ICD-11 than for the commonly used classification systems (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.25) and differed between all centers (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.60). The utility of the ICD-11 diagnoses was rated higher than the commonly used diagnoses in Dunedin and Havana, and no difference was found in Kolkata and Hyderabad. The study showed the high interrater reliability of the new chronic pain diagnoses. The perceived clinical utility of the diagnoses indicates their superiority or equality compared with the classification systems currently used in pain clinics. These results suggest the global applicability of the classification in specialized pain treatment settings.

Ab initio study of the mechanism of the reaction ClO + O --> Cl + O2

Abstract. Ab initio investigation on the reaction mechanism of ClO + O --> Cl + O2 reaction has been performed using correlation consistent triple zeta basis set. The geometry and frequency of the reactants, products, minimum energy geometries and transition states are obtained using MP2 method and energetics are obtained at the QCISD(T)//MP2 level of theory. Primarily, a possible reaction mechanism is obtained on the basis on IRC calculations using MP2 level of theory. To obtain true picture of the reaction path, we performed IRC calculations using CASSCF method with a minimal basis set 6-31G**. Some new equilibrium geometries and transition states have been identified at the CASSCF level. Energetics are also obtained at the QCISD(T)//CASSCF method. Possible reaction paths have been discussed, which are new in literature. Heat of reaction is found to be consistent with the experimental data. Bond dissociation energies to various dissociation paths are also reported.

Effect of chemical and biological elicitors on antioxidant potential of Ocimum sanctum

Medicinal plants are a known source of antioxidants and are used for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Exogenous application of elicitors can be used to improve the antioxidant profiles of medicinal plants enhancing their therapeutic potential. Present study aimed to study the effect of elicitors such as proline, salicylic acid and a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria- Azospirillum on antioxidant potential of medicinal plant - Ocimum sanctum. Semi-quantitative assay- thin layer chromatography (TLC), and quantitative assays such as DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) for free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant responsive enzymes SOD (superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) activities were used for the assessment based on standard protocols. Growth changes like number of leaves, root length, shoot length, total plant height, fresh weight and dry weight observed in response to the treatments given. Exogenous application of proline, salicylic acid and Azospirillum enhanced growth and overall antioxidant content of treated plants. Proline showed higher elicitation with high phenolic content (47.66 GAE/gm. wt.) and number of distinct bands (18) in TLC. The DPPH assay also showed higher free radical scavenging potential (70.32% reduction) of proline treated plants. Enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes CAT and SOD was also observed in all the treated plants. The study confirms the effectivity of using these elicitors for enhancing antioxidant potential of medicinal plants.

Drug delivery system: targeting of pentamidines to specific sites using sugar grafted liposomes

Different sugar-grafted liposomes were prepared and tested against experimental leishmaniasis in vivo using the classical drug pentamidine isethionate and its methoxy derivative. Both the drugs, when encapsulated in sugar-grafted liposomes were found to be more potent in comparison to normal liposome-encapsulated drug or to the free drug. Moreover, the mannose-grafted liposomes were adjudged to be the best in lowering of spleen parasite load in comparison with those bearing glucose or galactose. When encapsulated in mannose-grafted liposomes the therapeutic efficacy of pentamidine isethionate was found to be better than that of its methoxy derivative, although the latter seemed to be less toxic than the pentamidine isethionate itself.