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Korwisi B, Hay G, Forget P, Ryan D, Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A. Patients' perspective on the chronic pain classification in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11): results from an international web-based survey. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00584. [PMID: 38709273 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) aims at improving the lives of persons with the lived experience of chronic pain by providing clearly defined and clinically useful diagnoses that can reduce stigma, facilitate communication, and improve access to pain management, among others. The aim of this study was to assess the perspective of people with chronic pain on these diagnoses. An international web-based survey was distributed among persons with the lived experience of chronic pain. After having seen an information video, participants rated the diagnoses on 8 endorsement scales (eg, diagnostic fit, stigma) that ranged from -5 to +5 with 0 representing the neutral point of no expected change. Overall ratings and differences between participants with chronic primary pain (CPP) and chronic secondary pain (CSP) were analyzed. N = 690 participants were included in the data analysis. The ratings on all endorsement scales were significantly higher than the neutral point of 0. The highest ratings were obtained for "openness" (2.95 ± 1.93) and "overall opinion" (1.87 ± 1.98). Participants with CPP and CSP did not differ in their ratings; however, those with CSP indicated an improved diagnostic fit of the new diagnoses, whereas participants with CPP rated the diagnostic fit of the new diagnoses similar to the fit of their current diagnoses. These results show that persons with the lived experience of chronic pain accept and endorse the new diagnoses. This endorsement is an important indicator of the diagnoses' clinical utility and can contribute to implementation and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Korwisi
- Clinical Psychology and Psychological Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ginea Hay
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrice Forget
- Epidemiology Group and Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Anaesthesia Department, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Societal Impact of Pain (SIP) Platform, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deirdre Ryan
- Societal Impact of Pain (SIP) Platform, Brussels, Belgium
- Pain Alliance Europe (PAE), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical Psychology and Psychological Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Mylius V, Moisset X, Rukavina K, Rosner J, Korwisi B, Marques A, Lloret SP, Kägi G, Bohlhalter S, Bannister K, Chaudhuri KR, Barke A, Tinazzi M, Brefel-Courbon C, Treede RD, de Andrade DC. New ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain associated with Parkinson disease. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00497. [PMID: 38227568 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Veit Mylius
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurorehabilitation, Valens, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Moisset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Katarina Rukavina
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence in Care and Research, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Rosner
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Interventions, Institute of Psychology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Marques
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Santiago Perez Lloret
- Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Observatorio de Salud Pública, Universidad Católica Argentina, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UCA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georg Kägi
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Bohlhalter
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirsty Bannister
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence in Care and Research, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Barke
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Interventions, Institute of Psychology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christine Brefel-Courbon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University Hospital of Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Rolf Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute for Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Kleinstäuber M, Garland EL, Sisco-Taylor BL, Sanyer M, Corfe-Tan J, Barke A. Endorsing a Biopsychosocial Perspective of Pain in Individuals With Chronic Pain: Development and Validation of a Scale. Clin J Pain 2024; 40:35-45. [PMID: 37819212 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients' beliefs about pain play an important role in their readiness to engage with chronic pain self-management. The central aim of this study was to validate a self-report instrument to assess a specific set of pain beliefs, patients' endorsement of a biopsychosocial model of chronic pain Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale (PEB). METHODS Interdisciplinary experts in the field of pain were involved in creating an instrument, the PEB Scale, to operationalize patients' endorsement of a biopsychosocial pain model. A sample of 199 patients with chronic pain was recruited to evaluate the factorial structure (principal axis factoring), the internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), the convergent and discriminant validity (correlational analyses), incremental validity (multiple, hierarchical regression analyses), and construct validity (differential population analysis) of the instrument. RESULTS The factor analysis resulted in a unidimensional, 11-item instrument that explained 51.2% of the total variance. Cronbach alpha (=0.92) indicated high internal consistency of the created set of pain-related beliefs. Regression analyses demonstrated that PEB is a strong predictor of patients' engagement with pain self-management ( P < 0.001) after controlling for demographic variables, anxiety, depression, and other pain-related beliefs. DISCUSSION Our results show that the PEB Scale is a highly reliable self-report instrument that has the potential to predict patients' readiness to adopt pain self-management. Future research should focus on revalidating the scale to operationalize PEB. Moreover, the PEB Scale should be implemented in longitudinal study designs to investigate its ability to predict the transition from acute to chronic pain and patients' long-term pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kleinstäuber
- Department of Psychology, Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Utah State University, Logan
| | - Eric L Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brittany L Sisco-Taylor
- Data Center Program, Disease Prevention and Response Division, Spokane Regional Health District, Spokane, WA
| | - Mathias Sanyer
- Department of Psychology, Emma Eccles Jones College of Education and Human Services, Utah State University, Logan
| | - Julia Corfe-Tan
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antonia Barke
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical and Psychological Intervention, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr, Essen, Germany
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Barke A, Korwisi B. Making chronic pain count: empirical support for the ICD-11 classification of chronic pain. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2023; 36:589-594. [PMID: 37552003 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000001297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose is to review the evidence that has been collected with regard to the new classification of chronic pain. In 2022, the World Health Assembly endorsed the 11 th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11), and with it a new classification of chronic pain. RECENT FINDINGS The evidence from the formative field testing indicated that the categories were clearly delineated and the coverage of chronic pain excellent (<3% in remainder categories). Official WHO field tests showed that the classification works well within the technical parameters WHO classifications must conform to and outperformed the ICD-10 diagnoses in all respects. International field tests, in which clinicians diagnosed consecutive patients in settings of medium and high resources, showed substantial interrater reliability (κ = 0.596 to κ = 0.783) for the diagnoses and the clinicians rated their clinical utility as very high. Studies using complete hospital records demonstrated that with the information they contain, retrospective coding of the new diagnoses is possible and provides much more meaningful information than the ICD-10 diagnoses. SUMMARY The evidence supports the use of the new classification and highlights its informational gains - using it will contribute to making chronic pain count in many contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Eiamtanasate S, Smithiseth K, Zinboonyahgoon N, Korwisi B, Barke A, Rief W, Treede RD. The invisible cost of pain management by the current International Classification of Diseases coding system: a study in a tertiary care inpatient setting. Pain 2023; 164:2009-2015. [PMID: 37027141 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The International Classification of Diseases ( ICD ) is applied worldwide for public health data collection among other use cases. However, the current version of the ICD ( ICD-10 ), to which the reimbursement system is linked in many countries, does not represent chronic pain properly. This study aims to compare the ICD-10 with the ICD-11 in hospitalized patients in terms of specificity, clinical utility, and reimbursement for pain management. The medical records of hospitalized patients consulted for pain management at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, were reviewed, and all pain-related diagnoses were coded into ICD-10 and ICD-11 . The data of 397 patients showed unspecified pain was coded 78% in the ICD-10 and only 0.5% in the ICD-11 version. The difference gap in the proportion of unspecified pain between the 2 versions is wider than in the outpatient setting. The 3 most common codes for ICD-10 were other chronic pain, low back pain, and pain in limb. The 3 most common codes for ICD-11 were chronic cancer pain, chronic peripheral neuropathic pain, and chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain. As in many other countries, no pain-related ICD-10 codes were coded for routine reimbursement. The simulated reimbursement fee remained the same when adding 397 pain-related codings, even if the cost of pain management, such as cost of labor, existed. Compared with the ICD-10 version, the ICD-11 is more specific and makes pain diagnoses more visible. Thus, shifting from ICD-10 to ICD-11 has the potential to improve both the quality of care and the reimbursement for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasate Eiamtanasate
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical Psychology and Psychological Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Reneman MF, Selb M, Korwisi B, Barke A, Escorpizo RS, Tu SW, Treede RD. Towards harmonizing the concepts and definitions of pain in the World Health Organization's Family of International Classifications. Pain 2023; 164:1240-1244. [PMID: 36728950 PMCID: PMC10184558 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel F. Reneman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Selb
- ICF Research Branch, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Reuben S. Escorpizo
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Samson W. Tu
- Center for BioMedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Szota K, Christiansen H, Aarons GA, Ehrhart MG, Fischer A, Rosner R, Steil R, Barke A. Climate for evidence-based mental health care implementation in Germany: psychometric investigation of the Implementation Climate Scale (ICS). Sci Rep 2023; 13:5311. [PMID: 37002318 PMCID: PMC10066389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organizational implementation climate is an important construct in implementation research to describe to what extent implementation is expected, supported, and rewarded. Efforts in bridging the research-practice gap by implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) can benefit from consideration of implementation climate. The Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) is a psychometrically strong measure assessing employees' perceptions of the implementation climate. The present cross-sectional study aimed at providing a German translation and investigating its psychometric properties. The translation followed standard procedures for adapting psychometric instruments. German psychotherapists (N = 425) recruited online completed the ICS, the Evidence Based Practice Attitudes Scale (EBPAS-36D) and the Intention Scale for Providers (ISP). We conducted standard item and reliability analyses. Factorial validity was assessed by comparing an independent cluster model of Confirmatory Factorial Analysis (ICM-CFA), a Bifactor CFA, a Second-order CFA and an (Bifactor) Exploratory Structural Equation Model (ESEM). Measurement invariance was tested using multiple-group CFA and ESEM, convergent validity with correlation analysis between the ICS and the ISP subjective norms subscale (ISP-D-SN). The mean item difficulty was pi = .47, mean inter-item correlation r = .34, and mean item-total correlation ritc = .55. The total scale (ω = 0.91) and the subscales (ω = .79-.92) showed acceptable to high internal consistencies. The model fit indices were comparable and acceptable (Second-order CFA: RMSEA [90% CI] = .077 [.069; .085], SRMR = .078, CFI = .93). Multiple-group CFA and ESEM indicated scalar measurement invariance across gender and presence of a psychotherapy license. Psychotherapists in training reported higher educational support for EBP than licensed psychotherapists (T = 2.09, p = .037, d = 0.25). The expected high correlation between the ICS and the ISP-D-SN was found (r = .59, p < .001). Results for the German ICS confirm good psychometric properties including validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Szota
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gregory A Aarons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive (0812), La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0812, USA
| | - Mark G Ehrhart
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 161390, Orlando, FL, 32816-1390, USA
| | - Anne Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Levelingstr. 7, 85049, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Regina Steil
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, S06 S03 B24, 45141, Essen, Germany
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Wischert-Zielke M, Barke A. Differences between recreational gamers and Internet Gaming Disorder candidates in a sample of Animal Crossing: New Horizons players. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5102. [PMID: 36991080 PMCID: PMC10050812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the last decade, research has considered players' gaming motives as risk and the perceived social support (PSS) as protective factors in the context of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). However, the literature is lacking diversity regarding the representation of female gamers as well as of casual and console-based games. The aim of this study was to assess IGD, gaming motives, and PSS comparing recreational gamers and IGD candidates in a sample of Animal Crossing: New Horizons players. A total of 2909 ACNH players (93.7% of them female gamers) took part in an online survey which collected demographic, gaming-related, motivational, and psychopathologic data. Using the cut-off of at least five positive answers to the IGDQ, potential IGD candidates were identified. ACNH players reported a high prevalence rate for IGD (10.3%). IGD candidates differed from recreational players regarding age, sex, and game-related, motivational, and psychopathological variables. A binary logistic regression model was computed to predict membership in the potential IGD group. Age, PSS, escapism and competition motives as well as psychopathology were significant predictors. To discuss IGD in the context of casual gaming, we consider demographic, motivational, and psychopathological player characteristics as well as game design and the COVID-19 pandemic. IGD research needs to broaden its focus concerning game types as well as gamer populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Wischert-Zielke
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Department of American Studies, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany.
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical Psychology and Psychological Interventions, Institute of Psychology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Gossmann K, Rosner R, Barke A. Work involvement and work satisfaction of psychotherapists-A nationwide online survey among psychotherapeutic practitioners in Germany. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:73-85. [PMID: 35920059 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore psychotherapist characteristics associated with work involvement and work satisfaction among psychotherapists in Germany. METHOD In total N = 1358 psychotherapeutic practitioners with different levels of training participated in our nationwide online survey, we assessed work involvement and its sub-concepts of healing involvement (HI), stressful involvement (SI) and work satisfaction (WS) using the Therapist Work Involvement Scale (TWIS) and combined HI and SI into practice patterns. RESULTS In our study, the levels of HI and WS were high, whereas SI was low. The percentage of effective practice patterns was higher than in previous studies, whereas challenging practice patterns were lower. HI, SI and WS were associated with gender and age, indicating that male and younger participants showed more SI but less HI and WS. Psychodynamic therapists reported more SI and WS. The number of weekly therapy sessions was related to HI, SI and WS. Furthermore, HI was positively related to WS and negatively to SI, while SI and WS were negatively correlated. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that therapist characteristics influenced their work involvement and work satisfaction. Therefore, therapist training and interventions should consider individualized approaches based on the relevant therapist characteristics to foster HI and WS while reducing SI. One could speculate whether the changes in psychotherapeutic training may have already contributed to improved practice patterns over the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gossmann
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
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Barke A, Cano Palomares A, Cameron P, Forget P, Ryan D, Vanhaute O, Wilkinson J. Why do we need to implement the ICD-11? When pain science and practice meet policies. Eur J Pain 2022; 26:2003-2005. [PMID: 35903823 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Clinical and Biological Psychology, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Angela Cano Palomares
- European Pain Federation EFIC, Societal Impact of Pain Platform (SIP), Rue du Londres 18, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Paul Cameron
- Fife Health & Social Care Partnership, Dunfermline, UK; Hon. Professor, School of Medicine, Cardiff University
| | - Patrice Forget
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Department of Anaesthesia, NHS Grampian, Epidemiology group, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Deirdre Ryan
- Pain Alliance Europe PAE, Rue du Londres 18, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Omer Vanhaute
- University Hospital Ghent, Strategic Policy Cell, ICF-Platform, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jamie Wilkinson
- European Pain Federation EFIC, Societal Impact of Pain Platform (SIP), Rue du Londres 18, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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Schaffler Y, Kuska M, Barke A, Doering BK, Gossmann K, Meier Z, Kascakova N, Tavel P, Humer E, Pieh C, Stippl P, Schimböck W, Haid B, Probst T. Psychotherapists' Reports regarding the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Their Patients: A Cross-National Descriptive Study Based on the Social-Ecological Model (SEM). Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:6825. [PMID: 35682406 PMCID: PMC9180390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has raised questions about how vulnerable groups experience the pandemic. Research that focuses on the view of individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions is still limited, and so are cross-country comparative surveys. We gathered our sample of qualitative data during the first lockdown after governmental measures against the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus came into force in Austria, Czechia, Germany, and Slovakia. A total of n = 1690 psychotherapists from four middle European countries answered the question of how the COVID-19 pandemic was addressed in sessions by their patients during the early stage of unprecedented public health conditions. We employed a descriptive qualitative methodology to determine themes following levels of the social-ecological model (SEM) regarding how the COVID-19 pandemic affected patients. At the public policy level, stressful environmental conditions concerned the governmental mitigation efforts. At the level of community/society, reported key themes were employment, restricted access to educational and health facilities, socioeconomic consequences, and the pandemic itself. Key themes at the interpersonal level regarded forced proximity, the possibility of infection of loved ones, childcare, and homeschooling. Key themes at the individual level were the possibility of contracting COVID-19, having to stay at home/isolation, and a changing environment. Within the SEM framework, adaptive and maladaptive responses to these stressors were reported, with more similarities than differences between the countries. A quantification of word stems showed that the maladaptive reactions predominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Schaffler
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.K.); (E.H.); (C.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Martin Kuska
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.K.); (E.H.); (C.P.); (T.P.)
- College of Applied Psychology, 41155 Terezin, Czech Republic
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; (A.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Bettina K. Doering
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16861 Neuruppin, Germany;
| | - Katharina Gossmann
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; (A.B.); (K.G.)
| | - Zdenek Meier
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (N.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Natalia Kascakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (N.K.); (P.T.)
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Pro Mente Sana, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (N.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Elke Humer
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.K.); (E.H.); (C.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.K.); (E.H.); (C.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Peter Stippl
- Austrian Federal Association for Psychotherapy, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (P.S.); (W.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Wolfgang Schimböck
- Austrian Federal Association for Psychotherapy, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (P.S.); (W.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Barbara Haid
- Austrian Federal Association for Psychotherapy, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (P.S.); (W.S.); (B.H.)
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (M.K.); (E.H.); (C.P.); (T.P.)
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Korwisi B, Garrido Suárez BB, Goswami S, Gunapati NR, Hay G, Hernández Arteaga MA, Hill C, Jones D, Joshi M, Kleinstäuber M, López Mantecón AM, Nandi G, Papagari CSR, Rabí Martínez MDC, Sarkar B, Swain N, Templer P, Tulp M, White N, Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A. Reliability and clinical utility of the chronic pain classification in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases from a global perspective: results from India, Cuba, and New Zealand. Pain 2022; 163:e453-e462. [PMID: 34393200 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic pain affects 1 in 5 persons and contributes substantially to the global burden of disease. The 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) includes a comprehensive classification of chronic pain. The aim of this ecological implementation field study was to evaluate the classification's interrater reliability and clinical utility in countries with different income levels. The study was conducted in 4 pain clinics in Cuba, India, and New Zealand. Twenty-one clinicians used the ICD-11 to diagnose and code n = 353 patients with chronic pain. Of these, 111 were assessed by 2 clinicians, and Fleiss' kappa was calculated to establish interrater reliability for any diagnosis assigned to ≥15 patients. The clinicians rated the clinical utility of all diagnoses. The interrater reliability could be calculated for 11 diagnoses. It was substantial for 10 diagnoses and moderate for 1 (kappa: 0.596-0.783). The mean clinical utility of the ICD-11 chronic pain diagnoses was rated as 8.45 ± 1.69/10. Clinical utility was rated higher for ICD-11 than for the commonly used classification systems (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.25) and differed between all centers (P < 0.001, η2 = 0.60). The utility of the ICD-11 diagnoses was rated higher than the commonly used diagnoses in Dunedin and Havana, and no difference was found in Kolkata and Hyderabad. The study showed the high interrater reliability of the new chronic pain diagnoses. The perceived clinical utility of the diagnoses indicates their superiority or equality compared with the classification systems currently used in pain clinics. These results suggest the global applicability of the classification in specialized pain treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bárbara Beatriz Garrido Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Marine Science (ICIMAR), Havana, Cuba
- Pain Clinic, Hospital 10 de Octubre, Havana, Cuba
| | - Subrata Goswami
- ESI Institute of Pain Management, ESI Hospital Sealdah, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ginea Hay
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Hill
- Persistent Pain Service, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Jones
- Persistent Pain Service, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Maria Kleinstäuber
- Persistent Pain Service, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Otago Medical School-Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ana Marta López Mantecón
- Pain Clinic, Hospital 10 de Octubre, Havana, Cuba
- Rheumatological Disease Reference Centre, Hospital 10 de Octubre, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gargi Nandi
- ESI Institute of Pain Management, ESI Hospital Sealdah, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Biplab Sarkar
- ESI Institute of Pain Management, ESI Hospital Sealdah, Kolkata, India
| | - Nicola Swain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Otago Medical School-Dunedin Campus, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paul Templer
- Persistent Pain Service, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maartje Tulp
- Persistent Pain Service, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Naomi White
- Persistent Pain Service, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Division of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
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13
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Barke A, Korwisi B, Jakob R, Konstanjsek N, Rief W, Treede RD. Classification of chronic pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11): results of the 2017 international World Health Organization field testing. Pain 2022; 163:e310-e318. [PMID: 33863861 PMCID: PMC8756346 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Because chronic pain has been poorly represented in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) despite its significant contribution to the burden of disease worldwide, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) developed a classification of chronic pain that was included in the ICD-11 version as "MG30" and approved by the World Health Assembly in 2019. The objective of this field test was to determine how well the classification of chronic pain works in the context of the ICD-11. A web-based survey using the WHO-FiT platform recruited 177 healthcare professionals from all WHO regions. After a training on coding chronic pain hosted by the IASP Web site, participants evaluated 18 diagnostic codes (lines) of the 2017 frozen version of the ICD-11 and 12 vignettes (cases) describing chronic pain conditions. Correctness, ambiguity, and perceived difficulty of the coding were compared between the ICD-11 and the ICD-10 and the applicability of the morbidity rules for the ICD-11 verified. In the line coding, 43.0% of correct chronic pain diagnoses assigned with the ICD-10 contrasted with 63.2% with the ICD-11. Especially in cases in which the chronic pain is regarded as the symptom of an underlying disease, the ICD-11 (63.5%) commanded more correct diagnoses than the ICD-10 (26.8%). The case coding was on average 83.9% accurate, only in 1.6% of cases any difficulty was perceived. The morbidity rules were applied correctly in 74.1% of cases. From a coding perspective, the ICD-11 is superior to the ICD-10 in every respect, offering better accuracy, difficulty, and ambiguity in coding chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Jakob
- Department of Classification and Terminologies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nenad Konstanjsek
- Department of Classification and Terminologies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Mennig M, Tennie S, Barke A. Self-Perceived Problematic Use of Online Pornography Is Linked to Clinically Relevant Levels of Psychological Distress and Psychopathological Symptoms. Arch Sex Behav 2022; 51:1313-1321. [PMID: 34791580 PMCID: PMC8888508 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Online pornography is a widespread Internet application. As with other Internet applications, in some cases its use can become problematic. First indications point to a link between problematic use of online pornography and psychological distress and general functional impairment. However, to date, there are no standardized criteria for assessing problematic use of online pornography. In this study, we used the Online Pornography Disorder Questionnaire (OPDQ)-an instrument which adapted the official criteria for Internet Gaming Disorder to online pornography-to measure problematic use and investigated to what extent consumers with a self-perceived problematic use of online pornography differed from casual users with regard to their psychological distress. An online sample of German adult visitors to a popular casual dating site completed the OPDQ, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and provided information on their online pornography use (n = 1539; 72.6% male; 31.43 ± 11.96 years). T-scores for the BSI were calculated and independent t-tests were conducted to compare casual users with consumers with a self-perceived problematic use of online pornography. Of the users, 5.9% fulfilled the criteria for problematic use. This group consumed online pornography for longer amounts of time and showed higher levels of psychological distress (Hedges' g from 0.75 to 1.21). The T-scores of users with self-perceived problematic online pornography use reached clinically relevant levels on all subscales. Overall, the results of the study indicate that self-perceived problematic use of online pornography seems to be linked to severe psychological distress that may warrant clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mennig
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Sophia Tennie
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
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15
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Gossmann K, Schmid RF, Loos C, Orthmann ABA, Rosner R, Barke A. How does burnout relate to daily work-related rumination and well-being of psychotherapists? A daily diary study among psychotherapeutic practitioners. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1003171. [PMID: 36684003 PMCID: PMC9846319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1003171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is the first study to use a daily diary design to investigate the relationship between daily work-related rumination (WRR), daily well-being, and burnout symptoms among psychotherapeutic practitioners. METHOD In total, N = 58 psychotherapeutic practitioners participated in the study. For 4 weeks, the participants received a daily evening prompt on weekdays asking about their WRR and well-being. The burnout level of the psychotherapists was assessed using Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) prior to the daily diary period and afterward. The MBI measures the level of work-related distress on three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal achievement (PA). Two main analyses were performed: Based on the hierarchical structure of the data we performed random intercept and slopes models. These models examined the association between daily WRR and daily well-being, and the relationship between pre-burnout and daily WRR and daily mood. Secondly, linear regressions with the post-MBI subscales as criterion and the daily diary variables as predictors were calculated to assess their contribution to post-burnout. RESULTS The compliance rate in our study was 76.8%. Daily WRR and pre-assessment EE were associated with all aspects of reduced daily well-being: bad mood, increased nervousness, and tiredness after work. Daily tiredness and nervousness played a differential role in predicting post-burnout. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that daily rumination and pre-EE were associated with reduced daily well-being. As we are the first to present a daily diary study among psychotherapists, we examined the feasibility of the daily diary design in particular and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in general in this population. Compliance rates compared well with other EMA studies, indicating that EMAs were a feasible assessment option for psychotherapeutic practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gossmann
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | | | - Carina Loos
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | | | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Intervention, Institute for Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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16
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Doering BK, Barke A, Vogel A, Comtesse H, Rosner R. Predictors of Prolonged Grief Disorder in a German Representative Population Sample: Unexpectedness of Bereavement Contributes to Grief Severity and Prolonged Grief Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:853698. [PMID: 35558417 PMCID: PMC9090313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.853698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most people adapt to bereavement over time. For a minority, the grief persists and may lead to a prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Identifying grievers at risk of PGD may enable specific prevention measures. The present study examined the extent to which the subjective unexpectedness of the death predicted grief outcomes above and beyond known sociodemographic and objective loss-related variables in a sample drawn from a population-representative investigation. In our sample (n = 2,531), 811 participants (M age 55.1 ± 17.8 years, 59.2% women) had experienced the loss of a significant person six or more months ago. Participants provided demographic and loss-related information, perceptions of the unexpectedness of the death and completed the Prolonged Grief Disorder-13 + 9 (PG-13 + 9). The PG-13 + 9 was used to determine PGD caseness. A binary logistic regression investigated predictors of PGD caseness, and a linear regression predictors of grief severity. ANCOVAs compared PGD symptoms between the groups who had experienced an "expected" vs. "unexpected" loss, while controlling for the relationship to the deceased and time since loss. The loss of a child (OR = 23.66; 95%CI, 6.03-68.28), or a partner (OR = 5.32; 95%CI, 1.79-15.83), the time since loss (OR = 0.99; 95%CI, 0.99-1.00) and the unexpectedness of the death (OR = 3.58; 95%CI, 1.70-7.69) were significant predictors of PGD caseness (Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.25) and grief severity. Participants who had experienced the loss as unexpected (vs. expected) reported higher scores on all PGD symptoms. Unexpectedness of the death emerged as significant risk factor for PGD, even after controlling for demographic and other loss-related variables. While our findings replicate previous research on the importance of the relationship to the deceased as a risk factor for PGD, they also highlight the importance of assessing the subjective unexpectedness of a death and may help to identify risk groups who can profit from preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina K Doering
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany.,Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Anna Vogel
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Hannah Comtesse
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Rita Rosner
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
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17
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Korwisi B, Barke A, Kharko A, Bruhin C, Locher C, Koechlin H. Not really nice: a commentary on the recent version of NICE guidelines [NG193: chronic pain (primary and secondary) in over 16s: assessment of all chronic pain and management of chronic primary pain] by the Pain Net. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e961. [PMID: 34712885 PMCID: PMC8547929 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence provides evidence-based advice that guides clinical practice. We highlight major criticisms related to the new guideline for chronic primary pain. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence should revise their recent guideline to take into account all the available evidence on the treatment of chronic primary pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Anna Kharko
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Bruhin
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cosima Locher
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Koechlin
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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König J, Chung S, Ertl V, Doering BK, Comtesse H, Unterhitzenberger J, Barke A. The German Translation of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) Scale: Results from Healthcare Workers during the Second Wave of COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9377. [PMID: 34501967 PMCID: PMC8431413 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCW) are among those most directly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Most research with this group has used ad hoc measures, which limits comparability across samples. The Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 scale (SAVE-9) is a nine-item scale first developed in Korea, and has since been translated into several languages. We report on data collected from 484 German HCW between November 2020 and March 2021, during the "second wave" of coronavirus infections. We conducted item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis on the previously found factor solutions of the SAVE-9, examined correlations with established measures of depression, generalized anxiety, and insomnia, and compared scores between different groups of HCW. The psychometric properties of the German SAVE-9 were satisfactory and comparable to previous findings from Korea and Russia. Correlations with mental health measures were positive, as expected. We found some significant differences between groups of HCW on the SAVE-9 which were consistent with the literature but did not appear on the other mental health measures. This suggests that the SAVE-9 taps into specifically work-related stress, which may make it a helpful instrument in this research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia König
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany; (V.E.); (B.K.D.); (H.C.); (J.U.); (A.B.)
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Verena Ertl
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany; (V.E.); (B.K.D.); (H.C.); (J.U.); (A.B.)
| | - Bettina K. Doering
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany; (V.E.); (B.K.D.); (H.C.); (J.U.); (A.B.)
| | - Hannah Comtesse
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany; (V.E.); (B.K.D.); (H.C.); (J.U.); (A.B.)
| | - Johanna Unterhitzenberger
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany; (V.E.); (B.K.D.); (H.C.); (J.U.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 25, 85072 Eichstaett, Germany; (V.E.); (B.K.D.); (H.C.); (J.U.); (A.B.)
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Korwisi B, Barke A, Treede RD. Evidence- and consensus-based adaption of the IASP complex regional pain syndrome diagnostic criteria to the ICD-11 category of chronic primary pain: a successful cooperation of the IASP with the World Health Organization. Pain 2021; 162:2313-2314. [PMID: 34448750 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Division of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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20
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Betker L, Nagelschmidt K, Leppin N, Knorrenschild JR, Volberg C, Berthold D, Sibelius U, Rief W, Barke A, von Blanckenburg P, Seifart C. The Difficulties in End-of-Life Discussions - Family Inventory (DEOLD-FI): Development and Initial Validation of a Self-Report Questionnaire in a Sample of Terminal Cancer Patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 62:e130-e138. [PMID: 33933622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Open end-of-life communication is especially important within the patient-family unit of care and can positively affect their medical, psychological, and relational outcomes. Nevertheless, end-of-life discussions are often perceived as difficult and avoided. OBJECTIVES To develop and validate the Difficulties in End-of-Life Discussions - Family Inventory (DEOLD-FI) to allow a systematic assessment of reasons why people shy away from end-of-life discussions. METHODS Patients with advanced cancer were recruited and completed the DEOLD-FI and measures of avoidance of cancer communication, quality of life and distress, and the experienced difficulty as well as the occurrence of end-of-life discussions. Standard item analyses and an exploratory factor analysis were conducted. Construct validity was analysed through associations between the DEOLD-FI and the aforementioned measures. RESULTS Questionnaires were obtained from 112 participants (53% response rate; male 54%, mean age 64.9 years [range 33-94]). In the final 23-item version two factors were extracted: 'emotional burden due to end-of-life discussions' (α = 0.90) and "negative attitudes towards end-of-life discussions" (α = 0.91) explaining 69% of the variance (total scale α = 0.93). Construct validity was supported by its significant correlations with the reported difficulty in end-of-life discussions (r = 0.42) and avoidance of cancer communication (r = 0.40 to r = 0.46) and insignificant correlations with quality of life (r = -0.11), distress (r = 0.16), and physical well-being (r = 0.02). Those who had already engaged in end-of-life discussions showed significantly fewer communication barriers. CONCLUSION Results provide evidence that the DEOLD-FI is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of difficulties in end-of-life discussions. Benefits for clinical practice and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Betker
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (L.B., K.N., N.L., W.R., P.V.B.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Nagelschmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (L.B., K.N., N.L., W.R., P.V.B.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nico Leppin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (L.B., K.N., N.L., W.R., P.V.B.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jorge Riera Knorrenschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Haematology and Oncology (R.K.), University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg Site, Germany
| | - Christian Volberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Deans Office, Research Group Medical Ethics (C.V., C.S.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Berthold
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care (D.B., U.S.), University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen Site, Germany
| | - Ulf Sibelius
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Palliative Care (D.B., U.S.), University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen Site, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (L.B., K.N., N.L., W.R., P.V.B.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Psychology (A.B.), Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Pia von Blanckenburg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy (L.B., K.N., N.L., W.R., P.V.B.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carola Seifart
- Faculty of Medicine, Deans Office, Research Group Medical Ethics (C.V., C.S.), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Korwisi B, Hay G, Attal N, Aziz Q, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, Cohen M, Evers S, Giamberardino MA, Kaasa S, Kosek E, Lavand'homme P, Nicholas M, Perrot S, Schug S, Smith BH, Svensson P, Vlaeyen JWS, Wang SJ, Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A. Classification algorithm for the International Classification of Diseases-11 chronic pain classification: development and results from a preliminary pilot evaluation. Pain 2021; 162:2087-2096. [PMID: 33492033 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) chronic pain classification includes about 100 chronic pain diagnoses on different diagnostic levels. Each of these diagnoses requires specific operationalized diagnostic criteria to be present. The classification comprises more than 200 diagnostic criteria. The aim of the Classification Algorithm for Chronic Pain in ICD-11 (CAL-CP) is to facilitate the use of the classification by guiding users through these diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic criteria were ordered hierarchically and visualized in accordance with the standards defined by the Society for Medical Decision Making Committee on Standardization of Clinical Algorithms. The resulting linear decision tree underwent several rounds of iterative checks and feedback by its developers, as well as other pain experts. A preliminary pilot evaluation was conducted in the context of an ecological implementation field study of the classification itself. The resulting algorithm consists of a linear decision tree, an introduction form, and an appendix. The initial decision trunk can be used as a standalone algorithm in primary care. Each diagnostic criterion is represented in a decision box. The user needs to decide for each criterion whether it is present or not, and then follow the respective yes or no arrows to arrive at the corresponding ICD-11 diagnosis. The results of the pilot evaluation showed good clinical utility of the algorithm. The CAL-CP can contribute to reliable diagnoses by structuring a way through the classification and by increasing adherence to the criteria. Future studies need to evaluate its utility further and analyze its impact on the accuracy of the assigned diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ginea Hay
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Attal
- INSERM U-987, Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CHU Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael I Bennett
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Benoliel
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Milton Cohen
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan Evers
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Lindenbrunn, Coppenbrügge, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Giamberardino
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, CAST, G D'Annunzio University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC),Department of Cancer Treatment, University Hospital Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein Kaasa
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, and Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology, Acute Postoperative Pain Service, Saint Luc Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patricia Lavand'homme
- Pain Management Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Nicholas
- Pain Clinic, Cochin Hospital, Paris University, INSERM U987, Paris, France
| | - Serge Perrot
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stephan Schug
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Blair H Smith
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Svensson
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan W S Vlaeyen
- TRACE, Center for Translational Health Research, KU Leuven, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- The Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Brain Research Center and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Division of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Ein substantieller Teil der Kinder und Jugendlichen erlebt in ihrer Kindheit und Jugend Gewalt. Diese ist ein Unrecht gegenüber den Kindern und Jugendlichen und kann eine Vielzahl von langanhaltenden und schwerwiegenden Folgen haben. Das aktuelle Versorgungssystem wird seiner Aufgabe, die psychischen Folgen so gut wie möglich zu behandeln, nur eingeschränkt gerecht. In diesem Themenschwerpunkt werden aktuelle Forschungen zu diagnostischen und störungsspezifischen Grundlagen der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS), Behandlungsleitlinien und ihre Umsetzung in der Routineversorgung sowie zu Einstellungen von Behandler_innen vorgestellt. Es wird deutlich, dass in diesem Bereich noch große Aufgaben und Herausforderungen liegen. Um die Situation zu verbessern müssen gefährdete Kinder und Jugendliche besser identifiziert werden und ihnen wirksame Verfahren angeboten werden, die eine schnelle und effektive Entlastung bewirken. Dabei hilft es, wenn wir Versorgungsangebote niedrigschwellig gestalten und den Kindern und Jugendlichen die Möglichkeit geben, diese auch selbst und unkompliziert in Anspruch nehmen zu können. Dazu braucht es eine Zusammenarbeit mit der Familie und allen Hilfesystemen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Barke
- Klinische und Biologische Psychologie, Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
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Zinboonyahgoon N, Luansritisakul C, Eiamtanasate S, Duangburong S, Sanansilp V, Korwisi B, Barke A, Rief W, Treede RD. Comparing the ICD-11 chronic pain classification with ICD-10: how can the new coding system make chronic pain visible? A study in a tertiary care pain clinic setting. Pain 2021; 162:1995-2001. [PMID: 33449507 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain is a frequent reason for patients to ask for medical services. However, systematic information about the extent and impact of pain, especially in developing countries, has not been available up to now. We evaluated whether the 11th edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) can fill this gap by coding all electronic out-patient medical records of the pain clinic at Siriraj Hospital in Thailand in 2019 (8714 visits), using the ICD-10 and ICD-11 browsers referenced on the WHO websites. The 3 most frequent pain-related codes in ICD-10 were R52.2 "other chronic pain" (29%), M54.5 "low back pain" (18%), and M79.6 "pain in limb" (13%). In ICD-11, the 3 most frequent codes were MG30.31 "chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain associated with structural changes" (28%), MG30.51 "chronic peripheral neuropathic pain" (26%), and MG30.10 "chronic cancer pain" (23%). Thus, using the currently valid ICD-10 system, roughly one-third of patient encounters were coded as "other chronic pain," and the next 2 were specifying the pain region rather than any underlying cause. By contrast, ICD-11 coding of the same patients identified underlying causes (bones and joints, somatosensory nervous system, cancer, or surgery), which provide guidance towards differential patient management. In our pain clinic, most patients suffered from chronic cancer pain, chronic neuropathic pain, and chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain, which were poorly defined or nonexistent in the current ICD-10 coding system. Compared with the ICD-10, the ICD-11 provides more detailed diagnostic categories and is more informative for clinical use, research, and resource allocation for pain-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Siriraj, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Choopong Luansritisakul
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Siriraj, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarasate Eiamtanasate
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Siriraj, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirikan Duangburong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Siriraj, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virachat Sanansilp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Siriraj, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Szota K, Thielemann JFB, Christiansen H, Rye M, Aarons GA, Barke A. Cross-cultural adaption and psychometric investigation of the German version of the Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS-36D). Health Res Policy Syst 2021; 19:90. [PMID: 34078387 PMCID: PMC8173815 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-021-00736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in mental health care confers many benefits to patients, and research into factors facilitating the implementation of EBP is needed. As an important factor affecting the implementation of EBP, service providers' attitudes toward EBP emerged. The Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS-36) is an instrument with good psychometric characteristics that measures positive and ambivalent attitudes toward EBP. However, a German version is missing. The present study therefore aims to provide a validated German translation of the EBPAS-36. METHODS The scale was translated and back-translated as recommended by standard procedures. German psychotherapists were recruited to participate in an online survey. They provided demographic and professional information, completed the EBPAS-36, the Implementation Climate Scale (ICS) and the Intention Scale for Providers (ISP). Standard item and reliability analyses were conducted. Construct validity was evaluated with exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) in two subsamples (random split). Convergent validity was tested by predicting a high positive correlation of the EBPAS-36D with two scores of attitudes of the ISP and an interest in EBP score. It was tested whether the EBPAS-36D predicts the intention to use EBP. RESULTS N = 599 psychotherapists participated in the study. The item analyses showed a mean item difficulty of pi = 0.64, a mean inter-item correlation of r = 0.18, and a mean item-total correlation of ritc = 0.40. The internal consistency was very good for the total scale (α = 0.89) and ranged from adequate to very good for the subscales (0.65-0.89), indicating high reliability. The original factor structure showed an acceptable model fit (RMSEA = 0.064 (90% CI = 0.059-0.068); SRMR = 0.0922; AIC = 1400.77), confirming the 12-factor structure of the EBPAS-36. However, a second-order factor structure derived by the EFA had an even better model fit (RMSEA = 0.057 (90% CI = 0.052-0.062); SRMR = 0.0822; AIC = 1274.56). When the EBPAS-36D was entered in a hierarchical regression model with the criterion Intention to use EBP, the EBPAS-36D contributed significantly to the prediction (Change in R2 = 0.28, p < 0.001) over and above gender, age and participants' report of ever having worked in a university context. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirms good psychometric properties and validity of a German version of the EBPAS-36 in a sample of psychotherapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Szota
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan F B Thielemann
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Levelingstr. 7, 85049, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marte Rye
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gregory A Aarons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive (0812), La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0812, USA
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Levelingstr. 7, 85049, Ingolstadt, Germany
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Doering BK, Boelen PA, Eisma MC, Barke A. Validation of a German Version of the Grief Cognitions Questionnaire and Establishment of a Short Form. Front Psychol 2021; 11:620987. [PMID: 33536985 PMCID: PMC7848142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whereas the majority of bereaved persons recover from their grief without professional assistance, a minority develops pathological grief reactions. Etiological models postulate that dysfunctional cognitions may perpetuate such reactions. The Grief Cognitions Questionnaire (GCQ) assesses thoughts after bereavement in nine interrelated domains. A short form (GCQ-SF) with four domains is often used. However, an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the GCQ-SF and its utility compared to the GCQ is lacking and these instruments have not been validated in German. Method German bereaved persons (time since loss 35.3 ± 34.6 months) responded to an online survey containing the GCQ, measures of grief severity, grief rumination, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and optimism and pessimism. 585 participants (18–78 years, 88% women) were included. Item analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Correlations between the GCQ and GCQ-SF and grief rumination, optimism and pessimism assessed construct validity. Criterion-related validity was assessed by comparing whether the correlation of the GCQ (and the GCQ-SF) with grief severity was higher than with anxious and depressive symptoms. Logistic regression and receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) compared the questionnaires on their ability to predict probable prolonged grief ‘caseness’ (ICG ≥ 25, time since loss ≥6 months). Results Internal consistencies for both questionnaires were identical and excellent (α = 0.96). Confirmatory factor analyses obtained a satisfactory fit for models with nine and four correlated subscales and respective higher-order factor models. The GCQ and the GCQ-SF correlated higher with grief severity than with other measures of psychopathology. The logistic regression showed a significant association between the GCQ-SF and prolonged grief ‘caseness’. Of the remaining subscales of the GCQ, only one subscale (‘Others’) contributed to the prediction. The ROC analyses showed nearly identical areas under the curve. Conclusion The translated GCQ and GCQ-SF demonstrated very good psychometric properties. The correlations with grief severity highlight the questionnaires’ clinical relevance. The questionnaires possessed identical diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Whenever a timesaving assessment of the most typical grief-specific cognitions is important, the GCQ-SF represents an alternative to the GCQ. The original GCQ may still be superior when a more detailed description of a bereaved person’s cognitions is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina K Doering
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Paul A Boelen
- Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten C Eisma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
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Heuer A, Mennig M, Schubö A, Barke A. Impaired disengagement of attention from computer-related stimuli in Internet Gaming Disorder: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:77-87. [PMID: 33427693 PMCID: PMC8969859 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Attentional biases contribute to the maintenance of addictive behaviors. For the problematic use of online gaming - recognized as Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) - first evidence points to a bias towards in-game stimuli. This study aimed to provide behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for a generalized bias towards computer-related stimuli, and to identify the specific attentional processes contributing to this bias: facilitated attention deployment, impaired disengagement or failed suppression. METHOD Twenty participants with IGD and 23 casual gamers performed a visual search task with photographs of real-world objects. Either the target or a to-be-ignored distractor was addiction-relevant (computer-related), whereas all other items were addiction-irrelevant (related to cars or sport). Event-related potential components associated with facilitated attentional deployment to the target (NT), its post-selection processing (SPCN), and suppression of irrelevant information (PD) were analyzed. RESULTS Unlike casual gamers, gamers with IGD exhibited prolonged reaction times and increased SPCN amplitudes for computer-related stimuli, reflecting their continued attentional processing. At the individual level, larger SPCN amplitudes were associated with longer delays in reaction time. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This pattern of results indicates that the disengagement of attention from computer-related stimuli is impaired in IGD. More generally, our findings demonstrate that conditioning processes occur in IGD, and thus open up new avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Heuer
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Mennig
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Schubö
- Cognitive Neuroscience of Perception and Action, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
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Gossmann K, Eilers R, Rosner R, Barke A. How do licensed psychotherapists in Germany feel about treating patients with posttraumatic stress symptoms? - an experimental study based on case vignettes. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1995265. [PMID: 34868487 PMCID: PMC8635540 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1995265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research indicates that not all children, adolescents and adults suffering from PTSD receive psychotherapy and if they do, trauma is not always considered during therapy. One reason for this undertreatment might be a limited readiness of licenced psychotherapists (LPTs) to treat patients who have experienced a trauma and thus suffer from PTSD symptoms. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the association between the readiness of LPTs to treat patients with PTSD symptoms and different patients' and therapists' characteristics. METHOD We used case vignettes to assess the readiness of LPTs in Germany in a nationwide online survey (N = 768). The vignettes described patients with PTSD and were adapted to the age group mainly treated by the therapists (children/adolescents vs. adults). The patients' characteristics in the otherwise identical vignettes were randomized for patient gender (female vs. male) and symptom cluster (internalizing vs. externalizing). Rating scales were used to assess readiness. Additionally, therapists' characteristics (age, trauma-specific training, perceived fears/doubts, and objective barriers to treating the vignette patient) were assessed. RESULTS The patients' characteristics did not influence the treatment readiness of the LPTs. Regarding therapists' characteristics, LPTs working mainly with children and adolescents, and those who had completed trauma-specific training reported a higher readiness to treat the vignette patient. CONCLUSIONS Regarding the treatment of patients suffering from PTSD symptoms of different ages, our study indicated that the assessed therapists' characteristics were more relevant for the treatment readiness of LPTs than the patients' characteristics of age or symptom type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gossmann
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Rebekka Eilers
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Graben K, Doering BK, Jeromin F, Barke A. Problematic mobile phone use: Validity and reliability of the Problematic Use of Mobile Phone (PUMP) Scale in a German sample. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 12:100297. [PMID: 33364306 PMCID: PMC7752657 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The German PUMP scale demonstrated very good reliability and validity and a high test-retest reliability. Reasonable stability of the construct “problematic mobile phone use” was shown. Problematic mobile phone use is a relevant issue in Germany.
Background Mobile phones are ubiquitous in everyday life. Scientific studies on the problematic use of mobile phones have given initial indications of negative consequences, such as increased depression and anxiety rates and reduced sleep quality. The Problematic Use of Mobile Phone (PUMP) scale is a well evaluated, 20-item questionnaire, but a German version of the scale is still lacking. Method An online sample (n = 723, age 27.8 ± 11.2 years, 25.2% men) completed a German translation of the PUMP scale (PUMP-D). We conducted standard item analyses and calculated internal consistency and retest reliability. An exploratory (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted using a random split of the sample, and correlations with the self-estimated time of mobile phone usage and a global self-rating of patterns of problematic use were computed. Additionally, a second sample (n = 256, age 25.0 ± 8.8 years, 34.0% men) completed the paper version of the PUMP-D scale twice to determine the 14-day retest reliability. Results The item-total correlations ranged from r = 0.35 (p < 0.001) to r = 0.75 (p < .001). The internal consistency was α = 0.90. The self-estimated time of usage correlated with the total value of the PUMP-D scale at r = 0.50 (p < .001). The EFA resulted in a single factor, which explained 36% of the variance. The CFA of the showed a moderate fit. The two-week retest reliability in the second sample was rtt = 0.87 (p < .001). Discussion The German translation of the PUMP-D demonstrated a single factor structure, good psychometric properties and can be used in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Graben
- Philipps-University, Faculty of Psychology, Gutenbergstrasse 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bettina K. Doering
- Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Faculty of Psychology, Ostenstrasse 25, D-85072 Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Franziska Jeromin
- Philipps-University, Faculty of Psychology, Gutenbergstrasse 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Faculty of Psychology, Ostenstrasse 25, D-85072 Ingolstadt, Germany
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Winkler A, Jeromin F, Doering BK, Barke A. Problematic smartphone use has detrimental effects on mental health and somatic symptoms in a heterogeneous sample of German adults. Computers in Human Behavior 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rosner R, Barke A, Albrecht B, Christiansen H, Ebert DD, Lechner-Meichsner F, Muche R, Zarski AC, Steil R. BEST FOR CAN - bringing empirically supported treatments to children and adolescents after child abuse and neglect: study protocol. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1837531. [PMID: 33408810 PMCID: PMC7747933 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1837531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite a large body of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress for children and adolescents, the adoption of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) in routine care is low. Objective: This implementation study aims to evaluate the dissemination of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after child abuse and neglect (CAN) with a focus on supervision. Method: In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, the study will evaluate the implementation of TF-CBT focussing on the training of therapists including the provision of supervision. The effectiveness of specialized trauma-focused supervision will be compared to supervision as usual with respect to the successful implementation of TF-CBT for youths with PTSS administered by psychotherapists with different levels of professional experience. The primary outcome is whether the patient receives a treatment with sufficient adherence to the TF-CBT manual. The unit of randomization will be the therapists. The main outcome will be analysed using multilevel logistic regressions. Secondary outcomes will concern further patient-related (reduction of PTSS and depressive symptoms) and therapist-related (professional quality of life) variables. Additional exploratory analyses are planned. Discussion: Since the trial is designed as an implementation study, it permits naturalistic referrals to the participating therapists by patients, caregivers, child and youth welfare agencies and paediatricians. The strict primary outcome will help evaluating the role of model-based supervision in the implementation process. The explorative outcomes will evaluate whether implementation success translates into better patient outcomes. We expect that the dissemination measures will lead to a successful implementation of TF-CBT and promote sustainable structures in routine care that will remain in place after study completion and offer access to ESTs for future children and youths with a history of CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rosner
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Björn Albrecht
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franziska Lechner-Meichsner
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Rainer Muche
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna-Carlotta Zarski
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Steil
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Korecka N, Rabenstein R, Pieh C, Stippl P, Barke A, Doering B, Gossmann K, Humer E, Probst T. Psychotherapy by Telephone or Internet in Austria and Germany Which CBT Psychotherapists Rate It more Comparable to Face-to-Face Psychotherapy in Personal Contact and Have more Positive Actual Experiences Compared to Previous Expectations? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7756. [PMID: 33114136 PMCID: PMC7660328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: COVID-19 has led to changes in the provision in mental health services. The current study investigated influencing factors on: (i) the comparability of psychotherapy via internet/telephone with psychotherapy in face-to-face contact as well as (ii) the actual experience with psychotherapy via internet/telephone compared to respective prior expectations in CBT therapists. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in the form of an online survey. The research samples, registered cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) psychotherapists in Austria and Germany, were contacted by e-mail. Results: One hundred and ninety CBT therapists were analyzed in this study. The total number of patients treated via telephone/internet is a decisive factor for the subjective evaluation of the comparability of psychotherapy via telephone/internet and psychotherapy in personal contact. This factor also influences the extent (positive/negative) of the assessment of the actual experience with psychotherapy via internet/telephone compared to previous expectations. Neither age nor gender were associated with comparability of psychotherapy via internet/telephone with psychotherapy in face-to-face contact or the actual experience with psychotherapy via internet/telephone compared to respective prior expectations. Conclusions: Implications of the results are that attitudes towards remote psychotherapy might be increased in CBT therapists when they treat more patients remotely and experiences with remote psychotherapies should be included in psychotherapy training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Korecka
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (N.K.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
| | - Rafael Rabenstein
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (N.K.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (N.K.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
| | - Peter Stippl
- Austrian Federal Association for Psychotherapy, Löwengasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 26, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; (A.B.); (B.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Bettina Doering
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 26, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; (A.B.); (B.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Katharina Gossmann
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Ostenstraße 26, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; (A.B.); (B.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Elke Humer
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (N.K.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (N.K.); (R.R.); (C.P.); (E.H.)
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Gonschor J, Eisma MC, Barke A, Doering BK. Public stigma towards prolonged grief disorder: Does diagnostic labeling matter? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237021. [PMID: 32915800 PMCID: PMC7485774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent introduction of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) as a diagnostic category may cause negative social reactions (i.e. public stigma). Vignette experiments demonstrate that persons with both PGD symptoms and a PGD diagnosis elicit more public stigma than persons who experience integrated grief. However, the strength of the influence of the diagnosis itself remains unclear: We aimed to clarify if the diagnostic label PGD produces additional public stigma beyond PGD symptoms. We further compared whether public stigma varies between the label PGD and the label major depressive episode (MDE) (when PGD symptoms are present) and if gender of the bereaved person influences public stigma or moderates the aforementioned effects. Eight-hundred fifty-two participants (77% female; Mage = 32.6 years, SD = 13.3) were randomly assigned to read online one of eight vignettes describing either a bereaved male or female, with PGD symptoms and PGD diagnosis; PGD symptoms and MDE diagnosis; PGD symptoms and no diagnosis, or no PGD symptoms and no diagnosis (i.e., integrated grief). Following the vignettes, participants indicated which negative characteristics they ascribed to the person, their emotional reactions, and preferred social distance from the person. People with PGD symptoms and PGD (or MDE) diagnosis were attributed more negative characteristics, and elicited more negative emotions and a stronger desire for social distance than people with integrated grief. However, public stigma did not differ for people with both PGD symptoms and diagnosis compared to people only experiencing PGD symptoms. Gender of the bereaved only had an influence on desired social distance, which was larger towards men. Helping severely distressed bereaved people (regardless of diagnostic status) cope with negative social reactions may help them adapt to bereavement. Results demonstrate that the experience of severe grief reactions, yet not a diagnostic label per se, causes public stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Gonschor
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Maarten C. Eisma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Bettina K. Doering
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
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Humer E, Pieh C, Kuska M, Barke A, Doering BK, Gossmann K, Trnka R, Meier Z, Kascakova N, Tavel P, Probst T. Provision of Psychotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Czech, German and Slovak Psychotherapists. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E4811. [PMID: 32635422 PMCID: PMC7370023 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Psychotherapists around the world are facing an unprecedented situation with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To combat the rapid spread of the virus, direct contact with others has to be avoided when possible. Therefore, remote psychotherapy provides a valuable option to continue mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the fear of psychotherapists to become infected with COVID-19 during psychotherapy in personal contact and assessed how the provision of psychotherapy changed due to the COVID-19 situation and whether there were differences with regard to country and gender. Psychotherapists from three European countries: Czech Republic (CZ, n = 112), Germany (DE, n = 130) and Slovakia (SK, n = 96), with on average 77.8% female participants, completed an online survey. Participants rated the fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy and reported the number of patients treated on average per week (in personal contact, via telephone, via internet) during the COVID-19 situation as well as (retrospectively) in the months before. Fear of COVID-19 infection was highest in SK and lowest in DE (p < 0.001) and was higher in female compared to male psychotherapists (p = 0.021). In all countries, the number of patients treated on average per week in personal contact decreased (p < 0.001) and remote psychotherapies increased (p < 0.001), with more patients being treated via internet than via telephone during the COVID-19 situation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, female psychotherapists treated less patients in personal contact (p = 0.036), while they treated more patients via telephone than their male colleagues (p = 0.015). Overall, the total number of patients treated did not differ during COVID-19 from the months before (p = 0.133) and psychotherapy in personal contact remained the most common treatment modality. Results imply that the supply of mental health care could be maintained during COVID-19 and that changes in the provision of psychotherapy vary among countries and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Humer
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.H.); (C.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.H.); (C.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kuska
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.H.); (C.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; (A.B.); (B.K.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Bettina K. Doering
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; (A.B.); (B.K.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Katharina Gossmann
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany; (A.B.); (B.K.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Radek Trnka
- Science and Research Department, Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, 14900 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (N.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Zdenek Meier
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (N.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Natalia Kascakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (N.K.); (P.T.)
- Psychiatric-Psychotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Pro mente sana, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute (OUSHI), Palacky University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Z.M.); (N.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (E.H.); (C.P.); (M.K.)
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Barke A, Doering BK. Development of an Instrument to Assess Parents' Excessive Web-Based Searches for Information Pertaining to Their Children's Health: The "Children's Health Internet Research, Parental Inventory" (CHIRPI). J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e16148. [PMID: 32293571 PMCID: PMC7191340 DOI: 10.2196/16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People often search the internet to obtain health-related information not only for themselves but also for family members and, in particular, their children. However, for a minority of parents, such searches may become excessive and distressing. Little is known about excessive web-based searching by parents for information regarding their children’s health. Objective This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument designed to assess parents' web-based health information searching behavior, the Children’s Health Internet Research, Parental Inventory (CHIRPI). Methods A pilot survey was used to establish the instrument (21 items). CHIRPI was validated online in a second sample (372/384, 96.9% mothers; mean age 32.7 years, SD 5.8). Item analyses, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and correlations with parents’ perception of their children’s health-related vulnerability (Child Vulnerability Scale, CVS), parental health anxiety (modified short Health Anxiety Inventory, mSHAI), and parental cyberchondria (Cyberchondria Severity Scale, CSS-15) were calculated. A subset of participants (n=73) provided retest data after 4 weeks. CHIRPI scores (total scores and subscale scores) of parents with a chronically ill child and parents who perceived their child to be vulnerable (CVS+; CVS>10) were compared with 2×2 analyses of variances (ANOVAs) with the factors Child’s Health Status (chronically ill vs healthy) and perceived vulnerability (CVS+ vs CVS−). Results CHIRPI’s internal consistency was standardized alpha=.89. The EFA identified three subscales: Symptom Focus (standardized alpha=.87), Implementing Advice (standardized alpha=.74) and Distress (standardized alpha=.89). The retest reliability of CHIRPI was measured as rtt=0.78. CHIRPI correlated strongly with CSS-15 (r=0.66) and mSHAI (r=0.39). The ANOVAs comparing the CHIRPI total score and the subscale scores for parents having a chronically ill child and parents perceiving their child as vulnerable revealed the main effects for perceiving one’s child as vulnerable but not for having a chronically ill child. No interactions were found. This pattern was observed for the CHIRPI total score (η2=0.053) and each subscale (Symptom Focus η2=0.012; Distress η2=0.113; and Implementing Advice η2=0.018). Conclusions The psychometric properties of CHIRPI are excellent. Correlations with mSHAI and CSS-15 indicate its validity. CHIRPI appears to be differentially sensitive to excessive searches owing to parents perceiving their child’s health to be vulnerable rather than to higher informational needs of parents with chronically ill children. Therefore, it may help to identify parents who search excessively for web-based health information. CHIRPI (and, in particular, the Distress subscale) seems to capture a pattern of factors related to anxious health-related cognitions, emotions, and behaviors of parents, which is also applied to their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Bettina K Doering
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
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Messner EM, Terhorst Y, Barke A, Baumeister H, Stoyanov S, Hides L, Kavanagh D, Pryss R, Sander L, Probst T. The German Version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS-G): Development and Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e14479. [PMID: 32217504 PMCID: PMC7148545 DOI: 10.2196/14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of mobile health apps (MHAs), which are developed to promote healthy behaviors, prevent disease onset, manage and cure diseases, or assist with rehabilitation measures, has exploded. App store star ratings and descriptions usually provide insufficient or even false information about app quality, although they are popular among end users. A rigorous systematic approach to establish and evaluate the quality of MHAs is urgently needed. The Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) is an assessment tool that facilitates the objective and systematic evaluation of the quality of MHAs. However, a German MARS is currently not available. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to translate and validate a German version of the MARS (MARS-G). METHODS The original 19-item MARS was forward and backward translated twice, and the MARS-G was created. App description items were extended, and 104 MHAs were rated twice by eight independent bilingual researchers, using the MARS-G and MARS. The internal consistency, validity, and reliability of both scales were assessed. Mokken scale analysis was used to investigate the scalability of the overall scores. RESULTS The retranslated scale showed excellent alignment with the original MARS. Additionally, the properties of the MARS-G were comparable to those of the original MARS. The internal consistency was good for all subscales (ie, omega ranged from 0.72 to 0.91). The correlation coefficients (r) between the dimensions of the MARS-G and MARS ranged from 0.93 to 0.98. The scalability of the MARS (H=0.50) and MARS-G (H=0.48) were good. CONCLUSIONS The MARS-G is a reliable and valid tool for experts and stakeholders to assess the quality of health apps in German-speaking populations. The overall score is a reliable quality indicator. However, further studies are needed to assess the factorial structure of the MARS and MARS-G.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yannik Terhorst
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Germany
| | | | - Stoyan Stoyanov
- Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Kavanagh
- Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rüdiger Pryss
- Institute of Databases and Information Systems, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lasse Sander
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
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Barke A, Koechlin H, Korwisi B, Locher C. Emotional distress: Specifying a neglected part of chronic pain. Eur J Pain 2020; 24:477-480. [PMID: 31876333 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We argue that in all randomized controlled trials that investigate treatments for chronic pain emotional distress should be reported. In a majority of cases, pain intensity and pain-related disability are measured, yet-despite guidelines to the contrary-pain-related distress is not included. We suggest that the new extension code for chronic pain as incorporated in the ICD-11 will be well suited to fill this gap at minute additional effort for the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Biological and Clinical Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Helen Koechlin
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Locher
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Neurophysiology, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Serge Perrot
- Pain Clinic, Cochin Hospital, Paris Descartes University, INSERM U 987, Paris, France
| | - Milton Cohen
- St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Nicholas
- Pain Management Research Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johan W S Vlaeyen
- Research Group Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,TRACE, Center for Translational Health Research, KU, Leuven-Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany.,Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Clinical and Biological Psychology, Eichstätt, Germany
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Leppin N, Nagelschmidt K, Koch M, Riera-Knorrenschild J, Seifart C, Rief W, Barke A, von Blanckenburg P. Cancer patient utilisation of psychological care in Germany: The role of attitudes towards seeking help. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e13165. [PMID: 31571288 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even if significantly distressed, many patients with cancer do not seek psychological help. There is growing evidence that attitudes are central barriers for help-seeking, and instruments to assess cancer patients' attitudes towards help-seeking are urgently needed. This study aimed to evaluate the German Attitudes towards Seeking Help after Cancer Scale (ASHCa-G) and investigated the relationship between patients' attitudes and psychological care utilisation. METHODS The ASHCa-G was presented to 270 patients with cancer (age 63.0 ± 12.7 years, 44.8% women). Item analyses, principal component analysis and associations with age, social support, help-seeking intention and psychological care utilisation were calculated. A hierarchical logistic regression was performed to ascertain the leading role of attitudes in explaining psychological care utilisation. RESULTS Principal component analysis supported a two-component solution, which showed good internal consistency for the positive attitudes (α = 0.80) and negative attitudes (α = 0.75) subscales. The associations with age, distress and help-seeking intention confirmed the validity of the ASHCa-G. Positive attitudes explained most variance of cancer patients' current psychological care utilisation. CONCLUSION The ASHCa-G seems to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing attitudes towards seeking psychological help among patients with cancer. Clinical practice might profit from identifying attitudinal barriers that hinder patients with cancer from seeking psychological help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Leppin
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Koch
- Institutional Review Board, Clinical Ethics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jorge Riera-Knorrenschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carola Seifart
- Institutional Review Board, Clinical Ethics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Pia von Blanckenburg
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Laconi S, Urbán R, Kaliszewska-Czeremska K, Kuss DJ, Gnisci A, Sergi I, Barke A, Jeromin F, Groth J, Gamez-Guadix M, Ozcan NK, Siomos K, Floros GD, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z, Király O. Psychometric Evaluation of the Nine-Item Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ-9) in Nine European Samples of Internet Users. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:136. [PMID: 30984037 PMCID: PMC6448041 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The nine-item Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ-9) is a brief self-report screening instrument for problematic internet use. The main objective of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the PIUQ-9 among nine different language-based samples of European internet users (Italian, German, French, Polish, Turkish, Hungarian, English, and Greek). Methods: The total sample comprised 5,593 internet users (38.1% men), aged between 18 and 87 years (M = 25.81; SD = 8.61). Via online recruitment, participants completed the PIUQ-9, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and items about time spent online. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the bifactor model with one general factor (i.e., general problem) and two-specific factors (i.e., obsession and neglect + control disorder) yielded acceptable or good fit indices in all subsamples except for one. The common variance index in the bifactor model indicated that the general problem factor explained from 57.0 to 76.5% of common variance, which supports the presence of a strong global factor. According to the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model, psychiatric symptoms had a moderate-to-strong direct effect on the general problem factor in all subsamples, ranging from β = 0.28 to β = 0.52 supporting the construct validity of the scale. Furthermore, in a majority of the subsamples, time spent online during the weekend had considerably higher effect sizes on the general problem factor than time spent online during weekdays. Conclusion: The present study highlights the appropriate psychometric properties of the PIUQ-9 across a number of European languages and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Laconi
- Laboratoire CERPPS (Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé) - EA 7411 - Université Toulouse 2 Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Daria J Kuss
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto Gnisci
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Ida Sergi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Franziska Jeromin
- Department of Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jarosław Groth
- Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Neslihan Keser Ozcan
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Konstantinos Siomos
- Hellenic Association for the Study of Internet Addiction Disorder, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios D Floros
- Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Scholz J, Finnerup NB, Attal N, Aziz Q, Baron R, Bennett MI, Benoliel R, Cohen M, Cruccu G, Davis KD, Evers S, First M, Giamberardino MA, Hansson P, Kaasa S, Korwisi B, Kosek E, Lavand’homme P, Nicholas M, Nurmikko T, Perrot S, Raja SN, Rice ASC, Rowbotham MC, Schug S, Simpson DM, Smith BH, Svensson P, Vlaeyen JW, Wang SJ, Barke A, Rief W, Treede RD. The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic neuropathic pain. Pain 2019; 160:53-59. [PMID: 30586071 PMCID: PMC6310153 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The upcoming 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) of the World Health Organization (WHO) offers a unique opportunity to improve the representation of painful disorders. For this purpose, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has convened an interdisciplinary task force of pain specialists. Here, we present the case for a reclassification of nervous system lesions or diseases associated with persistent or recurrent pain for ≥3 months. The new classification lists the most common conditions of peripheral neuropathic pain: trigeminal neuralgia, peripheral nerve injury, painful polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and painful radiculopathy. Conditions of central neuropathic pain include pain caused by spinal cord or brain injury, poststroke pain, and pain associated with multiple sclerosis. Diseases not explicitly mentioned in the classification are captured in residual categories of ICD-11. Conditions of chronic neuropathic pain are either insufficiently defined or missing in the current version of the ICD, despite their prevalence and clinical importance. We provide the short definitions of diagnostic entities for which we submitted more detailed content models to the WHO. Definitions and content models were established in collaboration with the Classification Committee of the IASP's Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG). Up to 10% of the general population experience neuropathic pain. The majority of these patients do not receive satisfactory relief with existing treatments. A precise classification of chronic neuropathic pain in ICD-11 is necessary to document this public health need and the therapeutic challenges related to chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Scholz
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nanna B. Finnerup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nadine Attal
- INSERM U 987 and Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne Billancourt, France and Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Baron
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael I. Bennett
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Benoliel
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Milton Cohen
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Giorgio Cruccu
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Karen D. Davis
- Department of Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, and Division of Brain, Imaging and Behavior in Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Evers
- Department of Neurology, Krankenhaus Lindenbrunn, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Adele Giamberardino
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, and Centro Studi dell’ Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-Met), G D’Annunzio University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Per Hansson
- Department of Pain Management and Research Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stein Kaasa
- European Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC); Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Lavand’homme
- Department of Anesthesiology and Acute Postoperative Pain Service, Saint Luc Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Nicholas
- Pain Management Research Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Turo Nurmikko
- Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Perrot
- Pain Clinic, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Paris Descartes University, INSERM U 987, Paris, France
| | - Srinivasa N. Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Andrew S. C. Rice
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Rowbotham
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephan Schug
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, and Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - David M. Simpson
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Blair H. Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, and Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan W.S. Vlaeyen
- Research Group Health Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Germany
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Barke A, Korwisi B, Casser HR, Fors EA, Geber C, Schug SA, Stubhaug A, Ushida T, Wetterling T, Rief W, Treede RD. Pilot field testing of the chronic pain classification for ICD-11: the results of ecological coding. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1239. [PMID: 30404594 PMCID: PMC6223095 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A task force of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has developed a classification of chronic pain for the ICD-11 consisting of seven major categories. The objective was to test whether the proposed categories were exhaustive and mutually exclusive. In addition, the perceived utility of the diagnoses and the raters' subjective diagnostic certainty were to be assessed. METHODS Five independent pain centers in three continents coded 507 consecutive patients. The raters received the definitions for the main diagnostic categories of the proposed classification and were asked to allocate diagnostic categories to each patient. In addition, they were asked to indicate how useful they judged the diagnosis to be from 0 (not at all) to 3 (completely) and how confident they were in their category allocation. RESULTS The two largest groups of patients were coded as either chronic primary pain or chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain. Of the 507 patients coded, 3.0% had chronic pain not fitting any of the proposed categories (97% exhaustiveness), 20.1% received more than one diagnosis. After adjusting for double coding due to technical reasons, 2.0% of cases remained (98% uniqueness). The mean perceived utility was 1.9 ± 1.0, the mean diagnostic confidence was 2.0 ± 1.0. CONCLUSIONS The categories proved exhaustive with few cases being classified as unspecified chronic pain, and they showed themselves to be mutually exclusive. The categories were regarded as useful with particularly high ratings for the newly introduced categories (chronic cancer-related pain among others). The confidence in allocating the diagnoses was good although no training regarding the ICD-11 categories had been possible at this stage of the development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Korwisi
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Egil A. Fors
- General Practice Research Unit, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Stephan A. Schug
- University of Western Australia & Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6847 Australia
| | - Audun Stubhaug
- Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, None, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf-Detlef Treede
- Department of Neurophysiology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13–17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Laconi S, Kaliszewska-Czeremska K, Gnisci A, Sergi I, Barke A, Jeromin F, Groth J, Gamez-Guadix M, Ozcan NK, Demetrovics Z, Király O, Siomos K, Floros G, Kuss DJ. Cross-cultural study of Problematic Internet Use in nine European countries. Computers in Human Behavior 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Barke A, Bode S, Dechent P, Schmidt-Samoa C, Van Heer C, Stahl J. To err is (perfectly) human: behavioural and neural correlates of error processing and perfectionism. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1647-1657. [PMID: 28655179 PMCID: PMC5647811 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The attitude towards one’s own imperfection strongly varies between individuals. Here, we investigated variations in error-related activity depending on two sub-traits of perfectionism, Personal Standard Perfectionism (PSP) and Evaluative Concern Perfectionism (ECP) in a large scale functional magnetic resonance imaging study (N = 75) using a digit-flanker task. Participants with higher PSP scores showed both more post-error slowing and more neural activity in the medial-frontal gyrus including anterior cingulate cortex after errors. Interestingly, high-EC perfectionists with low PSP showed no post-error slowing and the highest activity in the middle frontal gyrus, whereas high-EC perfectionists with high PSP showed the lowest activity in this brain area and more post-error slowing. Our findings are in line with the hypothesis that perfectionists with high concerns but low standards avoid performance monitoring to avoid the worry-inducing nature of detecting personal failure and the anticipation of poor evaluation by others. However, the stronger goal-oriented performance motivation of perfectionists with high concerns and high standards may have led to less avoidance of error processing and a more intense involvement with the imperfect behaviour, which is essential for improving future performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Psychology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Dechent
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Samoa
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Van Heer
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jutta Stahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, 50969 Cologne, Germany
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Doering BK, Barke A, Friehs T, Eisma MC. Assessment of grief-related rumination: validation of the German version of the Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS). BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:43. [PMID: 29426323 PMCID: PMC5807860 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bereavement can result in severe mental health problems, including persistent, severe and disabling grief symptoms, termed complicated grief. Grief rumination (i.e., repetitive thought about the causes and consequences of the loss) is a malleable cognitive risk-factor in adjustment to bereavement. The Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS) was recently developed to assess grief rumination. The present study aimed to develop and validate a German version of the UGRS. METHODS An online survey including measures of demographic and loss-related variables, grief rumination (UGRS), depressive rumination (brooding and reflection), and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and complicated grief, was administered online among 159 persons (87% women) who had lost a first-degree relative in the past three years. UGRS item analyses, a confirmatory factor analysis and associations of grief rumination with brooding, reflection and symptom levels were performed. RESULTS The internal consistency of the UGRS was good. The confirmatory factor analysis obtained a good fit for a model with five correlated grief rumination subscales. The UGRS contributed uniquely to the prediction of complicated grief symptoms even when controlling for symptoms of anxiety and depression, brooding, reflection, and demographic and loss-related variables. Discriminant validity of the UGRS was demonstrated by the fact that higher UGRS scores were found in participants with a higher likelihood of receiving a diagnosis of complicated grief (d > 1.60). CONCLUSION The translated UGRS showed very good psychometric properties and the correlations with maladaptive ruminative styles and complicated grief symptoms demonstrated the clinical relevance of grief rumination. Limitations concerning generalisability of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina K. Doering
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Friehs
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maarten C. Eisma
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE 'Cyberchondria' describes a pattern of researching health information online motivated by distress or anxiety about health, which becomes excessive and in turn increases distress. The Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS) assesses this construct. The aims of the present study were to validate a German version of the CSS and to propose a short form. METHOD The CSS was translated and posted online. Inclusion criteria were fulfilled by n = 500 participants (age 29.1 ± 10.4 years, 73.6 % women). Item analyses, an exploratory factor analysis and correlations with health anxiety, somatic symptoms, health-care utilization and depression were calculated. A brief version with 15 items was developed (CSS-15) and validated in a second sample (n = 292; age 24.2 ± 4.1 years, 76.4 % women). RESULTS The internal consistency of the CSS was α = .93 and its split-half reliability α = .95. The mean item-total correlation was r itc = .51, the mean inter-item correlation r = .29 and the mean item difficulty p i = .36. The principal component analysis extracted five factors. The CSS score correlated highly with health anxiety and moderately with somatic symptoms and health-care utilization. The CSS-15 still had an internal consistency of α = .82 and the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five factors. The correlation coefficients with health-related measures were unaffected. CONCLUSION The German version of the CSS possesses very good psychometric characteristics, which were preserved in a short version. The factorial structure was replicated. The correlations with health anxiety and depression for both scales underscore their validity and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barke
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, D-35037, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gaby Bleichhardt
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bettina K Doering
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, D-35037, Marburg, Germany
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Sielski R, Glombiewski JA, Rief W, Crombez G, Barke A. Cross-cultural adaptation of the German Pain Solutions Questionnaire: an instrument to measure assimilative and accommodative coping in response to chronic pain. J Pain Res 2017; 10:1437-1446. [PMID: 28684921 PMCID: PMC5484560 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s130016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the dual process model of coping, assimilative or accommodative strategies can be applied to deal with aversive life situations. In people with chronic pain, the tenacious focus on achieving analgesia is often referred to as assimilative coping and associated with more disability and catastrophic thinking. In contrast, accommodative coping (accepting one’s pain and setting new goals) appears to have beneficial effects. To assess how people with chronic pain use these different coping strategies, questionnaires measuring these concepts are needed. Following international guidelines, a German version of the Pain Solutions Questionnaire (PaSol) was prepared. A sample of 165 participants with chronic low back pain (CLBP; 60% women; age 53 ± 8.4 years) filled in the questionnaire and measures for pain-related disability, affective distress, catastrophic thinking, and attention to pain. Item analyses, an exploratory factor analysis, and correlations with pain-related measures were calculated. In addition, data from 98 participants who received psychological treatment were examined to investigate the PaSol’s sensitivity to change. The exploratory factor analysis reproduced the original questionnaire’s four-factor structure. Internal consistencies for the subscales ranged from Cronbach’s α=0.72 to α =0.84. Mean item difficulties for the subscales ranged from pi=0.62 to pi=0.79. The highest correlations were found for Meaningfulness with catastrophic thinking (r=−0.58) and affective distress (r=−0.36). The PaSol subscale Meaningfulness predicted pain-related disability; the subscales Meaningfulness and Solving Pain predicted affective distress. Furthermore, the PaSol was found to be sensitive to detect changes over time. The German version of the PaSol is a reliable and valid instrument in the measurement of assimilative and accommodative coping strategies in people suffering from CLBP. It may provide a useful tool when examining temporal dynamics of the changing coping strategies in the transition from acute to chronic pain as well as during pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sielski
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Anna Glombiewski
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Geert Crombez
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: Antonia Barke, Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany, Tel +49 6421 282 4045, Fax +49 6421 282 8904, Email
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Jeromin F, Rief W, Barke A. Validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder Questionnaire in a Sample of Adult German-Speaking Internet Gamers. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2017; 19:453-9. [PMID: 27428033 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2016.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With the inclusion of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders comes the need for a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess the diagnosis. The Internet Gaming Disorder Questionnaire (IGDQ) is a short tool that measures IGD. Our study aimed at investigating its psychometric properties in a sample of German gamers. Eight hundred ninety-four Internet game players (mean age: 26.5 ± 8.5 years, range: 18-75 years, 87.36% male) completed an online version of the IGDQ and the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) and provided information on their Internet and gaming use. Item and reliability analyses were computed. To investigate the component structure, the sample was randomly divided into two subsamples. A maximum likelihood factor analysis was conducted for one subsample and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for the other subsample. The IGDQ had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.70. The IGDQ score correlated with the CIUS score (r = 0.59) and the time spent playing (r = 0.24). The maximum likelihood factor analysis extracted one component, explaining 30.26% of the variance, which was confirmed by the CFA. The correlation of the IGDQ score with the CIUS score is a first indicator that the IGDQ allows for valid interpretations. In all, 7.94% of the gamers met the criteria for IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Jeromin
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
Background and aims People with substance abuse and pathological gamblers show an attentional bias. In a laboratory setting, we found an attentional bias using an addiction Stroop in adults with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). We aimed at investigating this effect using two web-based experiments. Methods Study 1: Gamers with IGD, casual gamers, and non-gamers (N = 81, 28.1 ± 7.8 years) completed a web-based addiction Stroop with a fully randomized word order. They saw computer-related and neutral words in four colors and indicated the word color via keypress. Study 2: Gamers with IGD, casual gamers, and non-gamers (N = 87, 23.4 ± 5.1 years) completed a web-based addiction Stroop and a classical Stroop (incongruent color and neutral words), which both had a block design. We expected that in both studies, only the gamers with IGD would react more slowly to computer-related words in the addiction Stroop. All groups were expected to react more slowly to incongruent color words in the classical Stroop. Results In neither study did the gamers with IGD differ in their reaction times to computer-related words compared to neutral words. In Study 2, all groups reacted more slowly to incongruent color words than to neutral words confirming the validity of the online reaction time assessment. Discussion Gamers with IGD did not show a significant attentional bias. IGD may differ from substance abuse and pathological gambling in this respect; alternatively experimenting on the Internet may have introduced error variance that made it harder to detect a bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Jeromin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Corresponding author: Franziska Jeromin; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Gutenbergstraße 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Phone: +49 6421 2824055; Fax: +49 6421 2828904; E-mail:
| | - Winfrief Rief
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Haberkamp A, Glombiewski JA, Schmidt F, Barke A. The DIsgust-RelaTed-Images (DIRTI) database: Validation of a novel standardized set of disgust pictures. Behav Res Ther 2016; 89:86-94. [PMID: 27914317 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selecting appropriate stimuli is a major challenge of affective research. Although several standardized databases for affective pictures exist, none of them focus on discrete emotions such as disgust. Validated pictures inducing discrete emotions are still limited, and this presents a problem for researchers interested in studying different facets of disgust. In this paper, we introduce the DIsgust-RelaTed-Images (DIRTI) picture set. The set consists of 240 disgust-inducing pictures divided into six categories (food, animals, body products, injuries/infections, death, and hygiene). Additionally, we included 60 matched neutral pictures (10 per category). All pictures were rated by 200 participants on nine-point rating scales measuring disgust, fear, valence, and arousal. The present validation study covered a wide age range (18-75 years) with a balanced number of participants in each decade of life. For each picture, we provide separate ratings on the four scales for men and women. In addition to the original pictures, we also provide a luminance-matched version for experiments that require control of the physical properties of the pictures. The standardized DIRTI picture set allows researchers to chose from a wide set of disgust-inducing pictures and may enhance researchers' ability to draw comparisons between studies on disgust. (Download DIRTI picture set: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.167037).
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