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Lequin MB, Verbaan D, Schuurman PR, Tasche S, Peul WC, Vandertop WP, Bouma GJ. The long-term outcome of revision microdiscectomy for recurrent sciatica. Eur Spine J 2024:10.1007/s00586-024-08199-5. [PMID: 38512504 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the long-term outcome of revision microdiscectomy after classic microdiscectomy for lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LSRS). METHODS Eighty-eight of 216 patients (41%) who underwent a revision microdiscectomy between 2007 and 2010 for MRI disc-related LSRS participated in this study. Questionnaires included visual analogue scores (VAS) for leg pain, RDQ, OLBD, RAND-36, and seven-point Likert scores for recovery, leg pain, and back pain. Any further lumbar re-revision operation(s) were recorded. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 59.8 (12.8), and median [IQR] time of follow-up was 10.0 years [9.0-11.0]. A favourable general perceived recovery was reported by 35 patients (40%). A favourable outcome with respect to perceived leg pain was present in 39 patients (45%), and 35 patients (41%) reported a favourable outcome concerning back pain. The median VAS for leg and back pain was worse in the unfavourable group (48.0/100 mm (IQR 16.0-71.0) vs. 3.0/100 mm (IQR 2.0-5.0) and 56.0/100 mm (IQR 27.0-74.0) vs. 4.0/100 mm (IQR 2.0-17.0), respectively; both p < 0.001). Re-revision operation occurred in 31 (35%) patients (24% same level same side); there was no significant difference in the rate of favourable outcome between patients with or without a re-revision operation. CONCLUSION The long-term results after revision microdiscectomy for LSRS show an unfavourable outcome in the majority of patients and a high risk of re-revision microdiscectomy, with similar results. Based on also the disappointing results of alternative treatments, revision microdiscectomy for recurrent LSRS seems to still be a valid treatment. The results of our study may be useful to counsel patients in making appropriate treatment choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Lequin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Acadamic Medical Center, Neurosurgery, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG, Jan Tooropstraat 164, 1061 AE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - D Verbaan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Acadamic Medical Center, Neurosurgery, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P R Schuurman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Acadamic Medical Center, Neurosurgery, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Tasche
- Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG, Jan Tooropstraat 164, 1061 AE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W C Peul
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Neurosurgical Center Holland, UMC | HMC | HAGA, Leiden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - W P Vandertop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Acadamic Medical Center, Neurosurgery, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G J Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Acadamic Medical Center, Neurosurgery, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG, Jan Tooropstraat 164, 1061 AE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Parsons AM, Su K, Daniels M, Bouma GJ, Vanden Heuvel GB, Larson ED. Human PKD1 sequences form R-loop structures in vitro. MicroPubl Biol 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001058. [PMID: 38371318 PMCID: PMC10873753 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease results from the loss of the PKD1 gene product, polycystin 1. Regulatory mechanisms are unresolved, but an apparent G/C sequence bias in the gene is consistent with co-transcriptional R-loop formation. R-loops regulate gene expression and stability, and they form when newly synthesized RNA extensively pairs with the template DNA to displace the non-template strand. In this study, we tested two human PKD1 sequences for co-transcriptional R-loop formation in vitro. We observed RNase H-sensitive R-loop formation in intron 1 and 22 sequences, but only in one transcriptional orientation. Therefore, R-loops may participate in PKD1 expression or stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Parsons
- Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Kemin Su
- Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Maya Daniels
- Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Gregory B Vanden Heuvel
- Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Erik D Larson
- Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
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3
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Omar AK, Li Puma LC, Whitcomb LA, Risk BD, Witt AC, Bruemmer JE, Winger QA, Bouma GJ, Chicco AJ. High-fat diet during pregnancy promotes fetal skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and insulin resistance in an ovine model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R523-R533. [PMID: 37642284 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00059.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with offspring metabolic risk trajectory in humans and animal models, but the prenatal origins of these effects are less clear. We examined the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy on fetal skeletal muscle metabolism and metabolic risk parameters using an ovine model. White-faced ewes were fed a standardized diet containing 5% fat wt/wt (CON), or the same diet supplemented with 6% rumen-protected fats (11% total fat wt/wt; HFD) beginning 2 wk before mating until midgestation (GD75). Maternal HFD increased maternal weight gain, fetal body weight, and low-density lipoprotein levels in the uterine and umbilical circulation but had no significant effects on circulating glucose, triglycerides, or placental fatty acid transporters. Fatty acid (palmitoylcarnitine) oxidation capacity of permeabilized hindlimb muscle fibers was >50% higher in fetuses from HFD pregnancies, whereas pyruvate and maximal (mixed substrate) oxidation capacities were similar to CON. This corresponded to greater triacylglycerol content and protein expression of fatty acid transport and oxidation enzymes in fetal muscle but no significant effect on respiratory chain complexes or pyruvate dehydrogenase expression. However, serine-308 phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 was greater in fetal muscle from HFD pregnancies along with c-jun-NH2 terminal kinase activation, consistent with prenatal inhibition of skeletal muscle insulin signaling. These results indicate that maternal high-fat feeding shifts fetal skeletal muscle metabolism toward a greater capacity for fatty acid over glucose utilization and favors prenatal development of insulin resistance, which may predispose offspring to metabolic syndrome later in life.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with offspring metabolic risk trajectory in humans and animal models, but the prenatal origins of these effects are less clear. This study examined the effects of a high-fat diet during pregnancy on metabolic risk parameters using a new sheep model. Results align with findings previously reported in nonhuman primates, demonstrating changes in fetal skeletal muscle metabolism that may predispose offspring to metabolic syndrome later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma K Omar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Lance C Li Puma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Luke A Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Briana D Risk
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Aria C Witt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Jason E Bruemmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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Azizpour K, Schutte PJ, Arts MP, Pondaag W, Bouma GJ, Coppes M, Steyerberg EW, Peul WC, Vleggeert-Lankamp CLA. Clinical outcome in decompression alone versus decompression and instrumented fusion in patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis: a prospective cohort study. J Neurosurg Spine 2023; 38:573-584. [PMID: 36738462 DOI: 10.3171/2022.12.spine22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the surgical treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis, it is debatable whether instrumented fusion is mandatory in addition to decompression. The objective of this prospective cohort study was to assess the long-term effect of decompression alone compared with decompression and instrumented fusion in patients who underwent the intervention of their own preference. The results were compared with those in patients who underwent randomly assigned treatment. METHODS The authors performed a prospective observational multicenter cohort study, including 91 patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis assigned to undergo either decompression alone (n = 44) or decompression and fusion (n = 47). The main outcomes were the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) scores and the patient's perceived recovery at the 2-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes were visual analog scale (VAS) leg pain and back pain scores and the reoperation rate. A meta-analysis was performed for data from this cohort study (n = 91) and from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) previously reported by the authors (n = 84). Subgroup analyses were performed on these combined data for age, sex, weight, smoking, and Meyerding grade. RESULTS At the 12-week follow-up, improvements of RDQ scores were comparable for the two procedures (decompression alone [D group] 4.4, 95% CI 2.3-6.5; decompression and fusion [DF group] 5.8, 95% CI -4.3 to 1.4; p = 0.31). Likewise, VAS leg pain scores (D group 35.0, 95% CI 24.5-45.6; DF group 47.5, 95% CI 37.4-57.5; p = 0.09) and VAS back pain scores (D group 23.5, 95% CI 13.3-33.7; DF group 34.0, 95% CI 24.1-43.8; p = 0.15) were comparable. At the 2-year follow-up, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of scores for RDQ (difference -3.1, 95% CI -6.4 to 0.3, p = 0.07), VAS leg pain (difference -7.4, 95% CI -22.1 to 7.2, p = 0.31), and VAS back pain (difference -11.4, 95% CI -25.7 to 2.9, p = 0.12). In contrast, patient-perceived recovery from leg pain was significantly higher in the DF group (79% vs 51%, p = 0.02). Subgroup analyses did not demonstrate a superior outcome for decompression alone compared with decompression and fusion. Nine patients (20.5%) underwent reoperation in total, all in the D group. The meta-analysis including both the cohort and RCT populations yielded an estimated pooled mean difference in RDQ of -3.7 (95% CI -5.94 to -1.55, p = 0.0008) in favor of decompression and fusion at the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis, at the 2-year follow-up, patients who underwent decompression and fusion showed superior functional outcome and perceived recovery compared with those who underwent decompression alone. No subgroups benefited from decompression alone. Therefore, decompression and fusion is recommended over decompression alone as a primary surgical treatment option in isthmic spondylolisthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoumars Azizpour
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland
| | - Pieter J Schutte
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland
- 6Alrijne Hospital, Leiden & Leiderdorp, Zuid-Holland; and
| | - Mark P Arts
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Zuid-Holland
| | - Willem Pondaag
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland
- 6Alrijne Hospital, Leiden & Leiderdorp, Zuid-Holland; and
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland
| | | | - Ewout W Steyerberg
- 2Department of Biostatistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland
| | - Wilco C Peul
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Zuid-Holland
- 6Alrijne Hospital, Leiden & Leiderdorp, Zuid-Holland; and
| | - Carmen L A Vleggeert-Lankamp
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Zuid-Holland
- 7Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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Parsons AM, Rajendran RR, Whitcomb LA, Bouma GJ, Chicco AJ. Characterization of trophoblast mitochondrial function and responses to testosterone treatment in ACH-3P cells. Placenta 2023; 137:70-77. [PMID: 37087951 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trophoblast mitochondria play important roles in placental energy metabolism, physiology and pathophysiology. Hyperandrogenism has been associated with mitochondrial abnormalities in pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth restriction, but the direct impacts of androgen exposure on placental mitochondrial function are unknown. Given the inherent limitations of studying the human placenta during pregnancy, trophoblast cell lines are routinely used to model placental biology in vitro. The aim of this study was to characterize mitochondrial respiratory function in four commonly used trophoblast cell lines to provide a basis for selecting one well-suited to investigating the impact of androgens on trophoblast mitochondrial function. METHODS Androgen receptor expression, mitochondrial respiration (JO2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release rates were evaluated in three human trophoblast cell lines (ACH-3P, BeWo and Swan-71) and one immortalized ovine trophoblast line (iOTR) under basal and substrate-stimulated conditions using high-resolution fluorespirometry. RESULTS ACH-3P cells exhibited the greatest mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling efficiency of the four trophoblast lines tested, along with robust expression of androgen receptor protein that was found to co-localize with mitochondria by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Acute testosterone administration (10 nM) tended to decrease ACH-3P mitochondrial JO2 and increase ROS release, while chronic (7 days) testosterone exposure increased expression of mitochondrial proteins, JO2, and ROS release. DISCUSSION These studies establish ACH-3P as a suitable cell line for investigating trophoblast mitochondrial function, and provide foundational evidence supporting links between hyperandrogenism and placental mitochondrial ROS production with potential relevance to several common pregnancy disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Parsons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Ranjitha Raja Rajendran
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Luke A Whitcomb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Adam J Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Watt M, Mohammadzadeh P, Pinsinski E, Hollinshead FK, Bouma GJ. Corticotropin releasing hormone is present in the feline placenta and maternal serum. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1132743. [PMID: 37124751 PMCID: PMC10140359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In women, placental corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) can be detected in maternal blood throughout pregnancy and is important in the regulation of the timing of parturition. However, its role in other mammalian species is unclear. In fact, very little is known about the presence and localization of CRH in placentas other than human. In this study we report for the first time the presence of CRH in feline placenta and maternal serum. Methods Presence of CRH mRNA and protein was assessed using RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively, in at term domestic cat placentas opportunistically obtained at a local animal shelter and spay clinic. In addition, CRH localization within the placenta was demonstrated via immunohistochemistry. Finally, presence of CRH in maternal blood from early (¾21 days) and mid (25-35 days) stages of pregnancy was investigated by ELISA. Results CRH mRNA and protein were detected in feline placentas, and localized to larger decidual cells and fetal trophoblast cells, including the binucleate cells. CRH was detectable in maternal blood collected from early-stage pregnancies, and amounts significantly increased in mid-gestation samples. Conclusion This is the first report on the presence and localization of CRH in the feline placenta, and its increase in maternal serum during the first half of pregnancy. These data lay the foundation for future studies to determine if CRH can be used as potential novel marker for early pregnancy diagnosis, determination, and monitoring in felids, and could greatly increase efficiency and success in zoo breeding programs utilizing artificial reproductive technologies for endangered feline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Watt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Pardis Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Emma Pinsinski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Fiona K. Hollinshead
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Fiona K. Hollinshead,
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Christensen AO, Li G, Young CH, Snow B, Khan SA, DeVore SB, Edwards S, Bouma GJ, Navratil AM, Cherrington BD, Rothfuss HM. Peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes and citrullinated proteins in female reproductive physiology and associated diseases†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1395-1410. [PMID: 36087287 PMCID: PMC10248218 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullination, the post-translational modification of arginine residues, is catalyzed by the four catalytically active peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD or PADI) isozymes and alters charge to affect target protein structure and function. PADs were initially characterized in rodent uteri and, since then, have been described in other female tissues including ovaries, breast, and the lactotrope and gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland. In these tissues and cells, estrogen robustly stimulates PAD expression resulting in changes in levels over the course of the female reproductive cycle. The best-characterized targets for PADs are arginine residues in histone tails, which, when citrullinated, alter chromatin structure and gene expression. Methodological advances have allowed for the identification of tissue-specific citrullinomes, which reveal that PADs citrullinate a wide range of enzymes and structural proteins to alter cell function. In contrast to their important physiological roles, PADs and citrullinated proteins are also involved in several female-specific diseases including autoimmune disorders and reproductive cancers. Herein, we review current knowledge regarding PAD expression and function and highlight the role of protein citrullination in both normal female reproductive tissues and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda O Christensen
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Coleman H Young
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Bryce Snow
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | | | - Stanley B DeVore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Sydney Edwards
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Amy M Navratil
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Brian D Cherrington
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Heather M Rothfuss
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Thompson RE, Bouma GJ, Hollinshead FK. The Roles of Extracellular Vesicles and Organoid Models in Female Reproductive Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063186. [PMID: 35328607 PMCID: PMC8954697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Culture model systems that can recapitulate the anatomy and physiology of reproductive organs, such as three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture systems, limit the cost and welfare concerns associated with a research animal colony and provide alternative approaches to study specific processes in humans and animals. These 3D models facilitate a greater understanding of the physiological role of individual cell types and their interactions than can be accomplished with traditional monolayer culture systems. Furthermore, 3D culture systems allow for the examination of specific cellular, molecular, or hormonal interactions, without confounding factors that occur with in vivo models, and provide a powerful approach to study physiological and pathological reproductive conditions. The goal of this paper is to review and compare organoid culture systems to other in vitro cell culture models, currently used to study female reproductive physiology, with an emphasis on the role of extracellular vesicle interactions. The critical role of extracellular vesicles for intercellular communication in physiological processes, including reproduction, has been well documented, and an overview of the roles of extracellular vesicles in organoid systems will be provided. Finally, we will propose future directions for understanding the role of extracellular vesicles in normal and pathological conditions of reproductive organs, utilizing 3D organoid culture systems.
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9
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Lequin MB, Verbaan D, Schuurman PR, Tasche S, Peul WC, Vandertop WP, Bouma GJ. Microdiscectomy for sciatica: reality check study of long-term surgical treatment effects of a Lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LSRS). Eur Spine J 2022; 31:400-407. [PMID: 34993584 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-07074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It remains unclear whether the long-term results of RCTs regarding the outcome of microdiscectomy for lumbosacral radicular syndrome (LSRS) are generalizable. The purpose of this study was to determine the external validity of the outcome preseneted in RCTs after microdicectomy for LSRS in a patient cohort from a high-volume spine center. METHODS Between 2007 and 2010, 539 patients had a single level microdiscectomy for MRI disk-related LSRS of whom 246 agreed to participate. Questionnaires included visual analogue scores (VAS) for leg pain, RDQ, OLBD, RAND-36 and Likert scores for recovery, leg and back pain. Lumbar re-operation(s) were registered. RESULTS Mean age was 51.3, and median time of follow-up was 8.0 years. Re-operation occurred in 64 (26%) patients. Unfavorable perceived recovery was noted in 85 (35%) patients, and they had worse leg and back pain than the 161 (65%) patients with a favorable recovery: median VAS for leg pain 28/100 mm versus 2/100 mm and median VAS for back pain 9/100 mm versus 3/100 mm, respectively. In addition, the median RDQ and OLBD scores differed significantly: 9 vs 3 for RDQ and 26 vs 4 for OLBD, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this cohort study, the long-term results after microdiscectomy for LSRS were less favorable than those obtained in RCTs, possibly caused by less strict patient selection than in RCTs. Our findings emphasize that patients, who do not meet the same inclusion criteria for surgery as in RCTs, should be informed about the chances of a less favorable result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel B Lequin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG, Jan Tooropstraat 164, 1061 AE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dagmar Verbaan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Schuurman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Tasche
- Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG, Jan Tooropstraat 164, 1061 AE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco C Peul
- Department of Neurosurgery LUMC, University Neurosurgical Center Holland, The Hague, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - William P Vandertop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 EZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG, Jan Tooropstraat 164, 1061 AE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Thomé C, Kuršumović A, Klassen PD, Bouma GJ, Bostelmann R, Martens F, Barth M, Arts M, Miller LE, Vajkoczy P, Hes R, Eustacchio S, Nanda D, Köhler HP, Brenke C, Flüh C, Van de Kelft E, Assaker R, Kienzler JC, Fandino J. Effectiveness of an Annular Closure Device to Prevent Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Secondary Analysis With 5 Years of Follow-up. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2136809. [PMID: 34882183 PMCID: PMC8662371 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Patients with large annular defects following lumbar microdiscectomy for disc herniation are at increased risk for symptomatic recurrence and reoperation. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a bone-anchored annular closure device in addition to lumbar microdiscectomy resulted in lower reherniation and reoperation rates vs lumbar microdiscectomy alone. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial reports 5-year follow-up for enrolled patients between December 2010 and October 2014 at 21 clinical sites. Patients in this study had a large annular defect (6-10 mm width) following lumbar microdiscectomy for treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Statistical analysis was performed from November to December 2020. INTERVENTIONS Lumbar microdiscectomy with additional bone-anchored annular closure device (device group) or lumbar microdiscectomy only (control group). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The incidence of symptomatic reherniation, reoperation, and adverse events as well as changes in leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index, and health-related quality of life when comparing the device and control groups over 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS Among 554 randomized participants (mean [SD] age: 43 [11] years; 327 [59%] were men), 550 were included in the modified intent-to-treat efficacy population (device group: n = 272; 270 [99%] were White); control group: n = 278; 273 [98%] were White) and 550 were included in the as-treated safety population (device group: n = 267; control group: n = 283). The risk of symptomatic reherniation (18.8% [SE, 2.5%] vs 31.6% [SE, 2.9%]; P < .001) and reoperation (16.0% [SE, 2.3%] vs 22.6% [SE, 2.6%]; P = .03) was lower in the device group. There were 53 reoperations in 40 patients in the device group and 82 reoperations in 58 patients in the control group. Scores for leg pain severity, Oswestry Disability Index, and health-related quality of life significantly improved over 5 years of follow-up with no clinically relevant differences between groups. The frequency of serious adverse events was comparable between the treatment groups. Serious adverse events associated with the device or procedure were less frequent in the device group (12.0% vs 20.5%; difference, -8.5%; 95% CI, -14.6% to -2.3%; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In patients who are at high risk of recurrent herniation following lumbar microdiscectomy owing to a large defect in the annulus fibrosus, this study's findings suggest that annular closure with a bone-anchored implant lowers the risk of symptomatic recurrence and reoperation over 5 years of follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01283438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Thomé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adisa Kuršumović
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donauisar Klinikum Deggendorf, Deggendorf, Germany
| | | | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG-West and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Bostelmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Martin Barth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mark Arts
- Department of Neurosurgery, HMC Westeinde, Den Hague, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Hes
- Department of Neurosurgery, AZ Klina, Brasschaat, Belgium
| | | | - Dharmin Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, the Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Köhler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Asklepios Westklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Flüh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Erik Van de Kelft
- Department of Neurosurgery, AZ Nikolaas, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium & Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Richard Assaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Javier Fandino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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Azizpour K, Schutte P, Arts MP, Pondaag W, Bouma GJ, Coppes M, van Zwet E, Peul WC, Vleggeert-Lankamp CLA. Decompression alone versus decompression and instrumented fusion for the treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis: a randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg Spine 2021; 35:687-697. [PMID: 34416736 DOI: 10.3171/2021.1.spine201958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most advocated surgical technique to treat symptoms of isthmic spondylolisthesis is decompression with instrumented fusion. A less-invasive classical approach has also been reported, which consists of decompression only. In this study the authors compared the clinical outcomes of decompression only with those of decompression with instrumented fusion in patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis. METHODS Eighty-four patients with lumbar radiculopathy or neurogenic claudication secondary to low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis were randomly assigned to decompression only (n = 43) or decompression with instrumented fusion (n = 41). Primary outcome parameters were scores on the Roland Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), separate visual analog scales (VASs) for back pain and leg pain, and patient report of perceived recovery at 12-week and 2-year follow-ups. The proportion of reoperations was scored as a secondary outcome measure. Repeated measures ANOVA according to the intention-to-treat principle was performed. RESULTS Decompression alone did not show superiority in terms of disability scores at 12-week follow-up (p = 0.32, 95% CI -4.02 to 1.34), nor in any other outcome measure. At 2-year follow-up, RDQ disability scores improved more in the fusion group (10.3, 95% CI 3.9-8.2, vs 6.0, 95% CI 8.2-12.4; p = 0.006, 95% CI -7.3 to -1.3). Likewise, back pain decreased more in the fusion group (difference: -18.3 mm, CI -32.1 to -4.4, p = 0.01) on a 100-mm VAS scale, and a higher proportion of patients perceived recovery as showing "good results" (44% vs 74%, p = 0.01). Cumulative probabilities for reoperation were 47% in the decompression and 13% in the fusion group (p < 0.001) at the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis, decompression with instrumented fusion resulted in comparable short-term results, significantly better long-term outcomes, and fewer reoperations than decompression alone. Decompression with instrumented fusion is a superior surgical technique that should in general be offered as a first treatment option for isthmic spondylolisthesis, but not for degenerative spondylolisthesis, which has a different etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter Schutte
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,6Alrijne Hospital, Leiden and Leiderdorp, and
| | - Mark P Arts
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague
| | - Willem Pondaag
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,6Alrijne Hospital, Leiden and Leiderdorp, and
| | | | | | - Erik van Zwet
- 2Biostatistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden
| | - Wilco C Peul
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,3Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague.,6Alrijne Hospital, Leiden and Leiderdorp, and
| | - Carmen L A Vleggeert-Lankamp
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,3Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague.,7Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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12
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Bouma GJ, Ali A, Hord TK, Parsons AM, Anthony RV, Bruemmer JE, Winger QA. Histone Lysine Demethylase 1A Is a Master Regulator of Genes Necessary for Trophoblast Cell Proliferation. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8090760 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylase 1A is a master regulator of genes necessary for trophoblast cell proliferation. A proper functioning placenta is critical for pregnancy, fetal growth and development and postnatal health. Trophoblast cell proliferation and differentiation is critical for placental development and function. Recently we demonstrated that the histone lysine demethylase KDM1A binds to androgen receptor (AR) in human and sheep trophoblast cells, and targets the same promoter region of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), suggesting a role for KDM1A and AR in early placental angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to determine the function of KDM1A during early placental development. We hypothesized that KDM1A regulates genes that are necessary for trophoblast cell proliferation, and early placental development. To this end, both in vitro and in vivo approaches were used in this study. ACH-3P cells (human first trimester trophoblast cells (CT and EVT) fused with the choriocarcinoma cell line AC1-1) were used, and a KDM1A knock out (KO) cell line was generated using CRISPR-Cas 9 based genome editing. KDM1A KO in ACH-3P cells led to significant (P<0.05) reduction in AR and VEGFA. Furthermore, factors important for cell proliferation and trophoblast cell development high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1), LIN28, and MYC protooncogene (cMYC) were significantly (P<0.05) lower in KDM1A KO ACH-3P cells. Cell proliferation assays revealed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in KDM1A KO ACH-3P cells compared to scramble controls. An in vivo experiment was conducted to demonstrate a role for KDM1A in placental development, using the sheep as a model. Day 9 hatched blastocysts were flushed and infected with a Lenti-CRISPRv2 KDM1A target construct (n=4) to knockout KDM1A specifically in the trophectoderm, or with SC (n=5). Infected embryos were transferred to recipient ewes and embryos were collected at gestational day 16. Data suggests that KDM1A KO in trophoblast cells is necessary for conceptus elongation. Current experiments are ongoing to determine the effects of KDM1A and AR knockdown using shRNA lentiviral target vectors on conceptus elongation and pregnancy. Collectively these results indicate that KDM1A plays a central role in regulating genes necessary for trophoblast cell proliferation. This project was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2019-67015-29000 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asghar Ali
- COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Dailey DD, Hess AM, Bouma GJ, Duval DL. MicroRNA Expression Changes and Integrated Pathways Associated With Poor Outcome in Canine Osteosarcoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:637622. [PMID: 33937369 PMCID: PMC8081964 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.637622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Deregulation of miRNA expression occurs in cancer, and miRNA expression profiles have been associated with diagnosis and prognosis in many cancers. Osteosarcoma (OS), an aggressive primary tumor of bone, affects ~10,000 dogs each year. Though survival has improved with the addition of chemotherapy, up to 80% of canine patients will succumb to metastatic disease. Reliable prognostic markers are lacking for this disease. miRNAs are attractive targets of biomarker discovery efforts due to their increased stability in easily obtained body fluids as well as within fixed tissue. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that dysregulation of genes in aggressive canine OS tumors that participate in miRNA regulatory networks is reportedly disrupted in OS or other cancers. We utilized RT-qPCR in a 384-well-plate system to measure the relative expression of 190 miRNAs in 14 canine tumors from two cohorts of dogs with good or poor outcome (disease-free interval >300 or <100 days, respectively). Differential expression analysis in this subset guided the selection of candidate miRNAs in tumors and serum samples from larger groups of dogs. We ultimately identified a tumor-based three-miR Cox proportional hazards regression model and a serum-based two-miR model, each being able to distinguish patients with good and poor prognosis via Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank test. Additionally, we integrated miRNA and gene expression data to identify potentially important miRNA-mRNA interactions that are disrupted in canine OS. Integrated analyses of miRNAs in the three-miR predictive model and disrupted genes from previous expression studies suggest the contribution of the primary tumor microenvironment to the metastatic phenotype of aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna D. Dailey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Ann M. Hess
- Department of Statistics, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dawn L. Duval
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Tumor-Host Interactions Research Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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14
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Ali A, Hadlich F, Abbas MW, Iqbal MA, Tesfaye D, Bouma GJ, Winger QA, Ponsuksili S. MicroRNA-mRNA Networks in Pregnancy Complications: A Comprehensive Downstream Analysis of Potential Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2313. [PMID: 33669156 PMCID: PMC7956714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy complications are a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality in humans. The majority of pregnancy complications initiate due to abnormal placental development and function. During the last decade, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating placental and fetal development has become evident. Dysregulation of miRNAs in the placenta not only affects placental development and function, but these miRNAs can also be exported to both maternal and fetal compartments and affect maternal physiology and fetal growth and development. Due to their differential expression in the placenta and maternal circulation during pregnancy complications, miRNAs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers. However, the differential expression of a miRNA in the placenta may not always be reflected in maternal circulation, which makes it difficult to find a reliable biomarker for placental dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of differentially expressed miRNAs in the placenta and/or maternal circulation during preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which can potentially serve as biomarkers for prediction or diagnosis of pregnancy complications. Using different bioinformatics tools, we also identified potential target genes of miRNAs associated with PE and IUGR, and the role of miRNA-mRNA networks in the regulation of important signaling pathways and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
- Animal Reproduction and Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Muhammad W Abbas
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Iqbal
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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15
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Van Campen H, Bishop JV, Abrahams VM, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Mathiason CK, Bouma GJ, Winger QA, Mayo CE, Bowen RA, Hansen TR. Maternal Influenza A Virus Infection Restricts Fetal and Placental Growth and Adversely Affects the Fetal Thymic Transcriptome. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091003. [PMID: 32911797 PMCID: PMC7551156 DOI: 10.3390/v12091003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal influenza A viral infections in humans are associated with low birth weight, increased risk of pre-term birth, stillbirth and congenital defects. To examine the effect of maternal influenza virus infection on placental and fetal growth, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were inoculated intranasally with influenza A virus A/CA/07/2009 pandemic H1N1 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at E3.5, E7.5 or E12.5, and the placentae and fetuses collected and weighed at E18.5. Fetal thymuses were pooled from each litter. Placentae were examined histologically, stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD34 (hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen) and vascular channels quantified. RNA from E7.5 and E12.5 placentae and E7.5 fetal thymuses was subjected to RNA sequencing and pathway analysis. Placental weights were decreased in litters inoculated with influenza at E3.5 and E7.5. Placentae from E7.5 and E12.5 inoculated litters exhibited decreased labyrinth development and the transmembrane protein 150A gene was upregulated in E7.5 placentae. Fetal weights were decreased in litters inoculated at E7.5 and E12.5 compared to controls. RNA sequencing of E7.5 thymuses indicated that 957 genes were downregulated ≥2-fold including Mal, which is associated with Toll-like receptor signaling and T cell differentiation. There were 28 upregulated genes. It is concluded that maternal influenza A virus infection impairs fetal thymic gene expression as well as restricting placental and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Van Campen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (C.K.M.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Jeanette V. Bishop
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Vikki M. Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Candace K. Mathiason
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (C.K.M.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Quinton A. Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Christie E. Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (C.K.M.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Richard A. Bowen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (C.K.M.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Thomas R. Hansen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (H.V.C.); (J.V.B.); (G.J.B.); (Q.A.W.); (R.A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Twenter H, Klohonatz K, Davis K, Bass L, Coleman SJ, Bouma GJ, Bruemmer JE. Transfer of MicroRNAs From Epididymal Epithelium to Equine Spermatozoa. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 87:102841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Parsons Aubone AM, Bisiau CM, McCue PM, Bouma GJ. Presence of Clock genes in equine full-term placenta. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5811452. [PMID: 32211788 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals have a circadian rhythm that is synchronized by a master clock located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN regulates additional clocks located in peripheral tissues, including some involved in endocrine or reproductive functions. Studies in humans and mice report that molecular clocks also exist in the placenta. However, little is known about the presence of "Clock genes," namely Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK), Brain and Muscle Arnt-Like 1 (BMAL1), Period 1 (PER1), Period 2 (PER2), Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), in equine placenta. Pregnancy length in mares varies and shows fluctuations in hormone concentrations throughout pregnancy. We postulate that similar to humans and mice, Clock genes are present in the horse placentas. Our goal was to determine if relative levels of clock genes were different between placentas associated with males and female fetuses or correlated with gestational length. We used polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence to study the presence of CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2, CRY1, and CRY2 in full-term mare placentas. Clock genes were present in all placentas, with significant lower levels of CRY2 and CLOCK in placentas that were associated with male fetuses. There was no association between relative levels of Clock genes and gestational length. These data provide the stage for future studies aimed at uncovering a function for Clock genes in the horse placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M Parsons Aubone
- Animal Reproduction & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Christian M Bisiau
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Patrick M McCue
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction & Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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West RC, McWhorter ES, Ali A, Goetzman LN, Russ JE, Gonzalez-Berrios CL, Anthony RV, Bouma GJ, Winger QA. HMGA2 is regulated by LIN28 and BRCA1 in human placental cells. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:227-238. [PMID: 30137214 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin associated transcription factor HMGA2 is a downstream target of let-7 miRNAs and binds to chromatin to regulate gene expression. Inhibition of let-7 miRNAs by RNA-binding proteins LIN28A and LIN28B is necessary during early embryogenesis to ensure stable expression of HMGA2. In addition to LIN28, HMGA2 is regulated by a BRCA1/ZNF350/CtIP repressor complex. In normal tissues, the BRCA1/ZNF350/CtIP complex binds to the HMGA2 promoter to prevent transcription. However, in many cancers the oncomiR miR-182 targets BRCA1, preventing BRCA1 translation and allowing for increased HMGA2. Little is known about the regulation of HMGA2 during early placental development; therefore, we hypothesized that both LIN28 and BRCA1 can regulate HMGA2 in placental cells. Using siRNA and CRISPR gene editing techniques, we found that knockdowns of both LIN28A and LIN28B increase HMGA2 levels in ACH-3P cells. These cells also demonstrated deficiencies in cell differentiation, seemingly differentiating solely towards the syncytiotrophoblast sublineage, secreting higher amounts of hCG, and displaying upregulated ERVW-1. Additionally, we found that a knockout of both LIN28A and LIN28B caused a significant increase of miR-182 and a decrease in BRCA1 allowing HMGA2 mRNA levels to increase and protein levels to remain the same. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we saw binding of the BRCA1 repressor complex to HMGA2. We also saw a decrease in binding to HMGA2's promoter in the LIN28A/B knockout cells. These findings suggest a novel role for BRCA1 during early human placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - E S McWhorter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - L N Goetzman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J E Russ
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - C L Gonzalez-Berrios
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - R V Anthony
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - G J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Q A Winger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Bouma GJ, van den Brink W, Miller LE, Wolfs JF, Arts MP. Does Patient Blinding Influence Clinical Outcomes After Annular Closure Device Implantation? A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Orthop Res Rev 2019; 11:177-182. [PMID: 31807089 PMCID: PMC6850684 DOI: 10.2147/orr.s216980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Awareness of treatment group assignment in a clinical trial may influence patient behavior and bias outcome reporting. The objective of this study was to compare 2-year clinical outcomes in blinded vs unblinded patients who were treated with lumbar discectomy and a bone-anchored annular closure device (ACD) for prevention of lumbar disc reherniation. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a randomized trial comparing lumbar discectomy with (n=272) vs without (n=278) implantation of a bone-anchored ACD. Among patients who received ACD implantation, 35 (13%) were blinded and 237 (87%) were unblinded to treatment allocation. In patients treated with ACD, propensity score-matching (1:1) was performed to account for imbalances in patient characteristics between blinded and unblinded groups. Key clinical outcomes were back pain severity (0–100 scale), leg pain severity (0–100 scale), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI, 0–100 scale), symptomatic reherniation, reoperation at the treated lumbar level, and device- or procedure-related serious adverse events (AEs). Outcomes were reported through 2 years of follow-up, which coincided with the time at which blinded patients were unblinded. Results There were no statistically significant differences in 2-year outcomes between propensity score-matched blinded (n=35) and unblinded (n=35) patients treated with the ACD. In blinded vs unblinded ACD patients compared to baseline, back pain severity decreased by 40 vs 37 points (P=0.61), leg pain severity decreased by 75 points in each group (P>0.99), and ODI decreased by 47 vs 43 points (P=0.19). The risks of symptomatic reherniation (5.7% vs 9.1%; P=0.59), reoperation (8.6% vs 12.2%, P=0.62), and device- or procedure-related serious AEs (5.7% vs 8.9%, P=0.63) were comparably low in blinded and unblinded patients. Conclusion In patients treated with lumbar discectomy and a bone-anchored ACD, there were no clinically important or statistically significant differences in back pain, leg pain, ODI, symptomatic reherniation, reoperation, or serious AEs over 2 years of follow-up when comparing patients who were blinded vs unblinded to their treatment assignment. The main limitations of this study were the post hoc nature of the analysis and the potential for bias due to surgeon awareness of treatment assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jasper Fc Wolfs
- Haaglanden Medical Center Westeinde Antoniushove, Leidschendam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark P Arts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center Westeinde, The Hague, The Netherlands
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Ali A, Anthony RV, Bouma GJ, Winger QA. LIN28- let-7 axis regulates genes in immortalized human trophoblast cells by targeting the ARID3B-complex. FASEB J 2019; 33:12348-12363. [PMID: 31415216 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900718rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal placental development is one of the main etiological factors for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Here, we show that LIN28A and LIN28B are significantly lower and lethal-7 (let-7) microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly higher in term human IUGR vs. normal placentas. We hypothesize that let-7 miRNAs regulate genes with known importance for human placental development [high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1), transcriptional regulator Myc-like (c-myc), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and Wnt family member 1 (WNT1)] by targeting the AT-rich interacting domain (ARID)-3B complex. ACH-3P cells with LIN28A and LIN28B knockout (DKOs) significantly increased let-7 miRNAs, leading to significantly decreased ARID3A, ARID3B, and lysine demethylase 4C (KDM4C). Similarly, Sw.71 cells overexpressing LIN28A and LIN28B (DKIs) significantly decreased let-7 miRNAs, leading to significantly increased ARID3A, ARID3B, and KDM4C. In ACH-3P cells, ARID3A, ARID3B, and KDM4C make a triprotein complex [triprotein complex comprising ARID3A, ARID3B, and KDM4C (ARID3B-complex)] that binds the promoter regions of HMGA1, c-MYC, VEGF-A, and WNT1. ARID3B knockout in ACH-3P cells disrupted the ARID3B-complex, leading to a significant decrease in HMGA1, c-MYC, VEGF-A, and WNT1. DKOs had a significant reduction, whereas DKIs had a significant increase in HMGA1, c-MYC, VEGF-A, and WNT1, potentially due to regulation by the ARID3B-complex. This is the first study showing regulation of let-7 targets in immortalized human trophoblast cells by the ARID3B-complex.-Ali, A., Anthony, R. V., Bouma, G. J., Winger, Q. A. LIN28-let-7 axis regulates genes in immortalized human trophoblast cells by targeting the ARID3B-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Russell V Anthony
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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West RC, Russ JE, Bouma GJ, Winger QA. BRCA1 regulates HMGA2 levels in the Swan71 trophoblast cell line. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1663-1670. [PMID: 31410930 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During early placental development, tumor suppressors and oncogenes work synergistically to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in a restrained manner compared with the uncontrollable growth in cancer. One example of this partnership is the regulation of the oncofetal protein HMGA2 by BRCA1. BRCA1 forms a repressor complex with ZNF350 and CtIP to bind to the promoter of HMGA2, preventing transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation determined BRCA1 forms this repressor complex in human trophoblast cells, suggesting a role in the placenta. Furthermore, miR-182 has been shown to target BRCA1 mRNA in ovarian cancer cells, blocking the formation of the BRCA1 repressor complex and allowing increased transcription of HMGA2. miR-182 was one of the first miRNAs described as elevated in the serum and placentas of preeclamptic women. Therefore, we hypothesized that BRCA1 is essential for normal trophoblast cell development. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and miR-182 overexpression to decrease BRCA1 protein in the Swan71 cell line. HMGA2 was significantly increased in the BRCA1 KO and miR-182 overexpressing cells compared to controls. We also determined that BRCA1 repressor complex binding to HMGA2 was significantly reduced in BRCA1 KO and miR-182 overexpressing cells compared with controls, leading us to conclude that increased HMGA2 was because of decreased binding of the BRCA1 repressor complex. Finally, we found that the caspase activity was significantly higher in BRCA1 KO and miR-182 overexpressing cells suggesting an increased amount of apoptosis. These data suggest that BRCA1 is an important regulator of the oncofetal protein HMGA2 and promotes cell survival in human placental cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jennifer E Russ
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Bouma GJ, Ardeshiri A, Miller LE, Van de Kelft E, Bostelmann R, Klassen PD, Flüh C, Kuršumović A. Clinical performance of a bone-anchored annular closure device in older adults. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1085-1094. [PMID: 31354252 PMCID: PMC6590844 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s208098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lumbar discectomy is a common surgical procedure in middle-aged adults. However, outcomes of lumbar discectomy among older adults are unclear. Methods: Lumbar discectomy patients with an annular defect ≥6 mm width were randomized to receive additional implantation with a bone-anchored annular closure device (ACD, n=272) or no additional implantation (controls, n=278). Over 3 years follow-up, main outcomes were symptomatic reherniation, reoperation, and the percentage of patients who achieved the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) without a reoperation for leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) score, and SF-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) score. Results were compared between older (≥60 years) and younger (<60 years) patients. We additionally analyzed data from two postmarket ACD registries to determine consistency of outcomes between the randomized trial and postmarket, real-world results. Results: Among all patients, older patients suffered from crippling or bed-bound preoperative disability more frequently than younger patients (57.9% vs 39.1%, p=0.03). Among controls, female sex, higher preoperative ODI, and current smoking status, but not age, were associated with greater risk of reherniation and reoperation. Compared to controls, the ACD group had lower risk of symptomatic reherniation (HR=0.45, p<0.001) and reoperation (HR=0.54, p=0.008), with risk reductions comparable in older vs younger patients. The percentage of patients achieving the MCID without a reoperation was higher in the ACD group for leg pain (81% vs 72%, p=0.04), ODI (82% vs 73%, p=0.03), PCS (85% vs 75%, p=0.01), and MCS (59% vs 46%, p=0.007), and this benefit was comparable in older versus younger patients. Comparable benefits in older patients were observed in the postmarket ACD registries. Conclusion: Outcomes with lumbar discectomy and additional bone-anchored ACD are superior to lumbar discectomy alone. Older patients derived similar benefits with additional bone-anchored ACD implantation as younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, OLVG and Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erik Van de Kelft
- Department of Neurosurgery, AZ Nikolaas, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
- Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Richard Bostelmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter D Klassen
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Bonifatius Hospital, Lingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flüh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adisa Kuršumović
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donauisar Klinikum Deggendorf, Deggendorf, Germany
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McWhorter ES, West RC, Russ JE, Ali A, Winger QA, Bouma GJ. LIN28B regulates androgen receptor in human trophoblast cells through Let-7c. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1086-1093. [PMID: 31215730 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
LIN28B is an RNA-binding protein necessary for maintaining pluripotency in stem cells and plays an important role in trophoblast cell differentiation. LIN28B action on target gene function often involves the Let-7 miRNA family. Previous work in cancer cells revealed that LIN28 through Let-7 miRNA regulates expression of androgen receptor (AR). Considering the similarities between cancer and trophoblast cells, we hypothesize that LIN28B also is necessary for the presence of AR in human trophoblast cells. The human first-trimester trophoblast cell line, ACH-3P was used to evaluate the regulation of AR by LIN28B, and a LIN28B knockdown cell line was constructed using lentiviral-based vectors. LIN28B knockdown in ACH-3P cells resulted in significantly decreased levels of AR and increased levels of Let-7 miRNAs. Moreover, treatment of ACH-3P cells with Let-7c mimic, but not Let-7e or Let-7f, resulted in a significant reduction in LIN28B and AR. Finally, forskolin-induced syncytialization and Let-7c treatment both resulted in increased expression of syncytiotrophoblast marker ERVW-1 and a significant decrease in AR in ACH-3P. These data reveal that LIN28B regulates AR levels in trophoblast cells likely through its inhibitory actions on let-7c, which may be necessary for trophoblast cell differentiation into the syncytiotrophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S McWhorter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Rachel C West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jennifer E Russ
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Asghar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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West RC, Bouma GJ, Winger QA. Shifting perspectives from "oncogenic" to oncofetal proteins; how these factors drive placental development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:101. [PMID: 30340501 PMCID: PMC6195737 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early human placental development strongly resembles carcinogenesis in otherwise healthy tissues. The progenitor cells of the placenta, the cytotrophoblast, rapidly proliferate to produce a sufficient number of cells to form an organ that will contribute to fetal development as early as the first trimester. The cytotrophoblast cells begin to differentiate, some towards the fused cells of the syncytiotrophoblast and some towards the highly invasive and migratory extravillous trophoblast. Invasion and migration of extravillous trophoblast cells mimics tumor metastasis. One key difference between cancer progression and placental development is the tight regulation of these oncogenes and oncogenic processes. Often, tumor suppressors and oncogenes work synergistically to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and invasion in a restrained manner compared to the uncontrollable growth in cancer. This review will compare and contrast the mechanisms that drive both cancer progression and placental development. Specifically, this review will focus on the molecular mechanisms that promote cell proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, cell invasion, and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, Fort Collins, CO 80124 USA
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, Fort Collins, CO 80124 USA
| | - Quinton A. Winger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 10290 Ridgegate Circle, Lone Tree, Fort Collins, CO 80124 USA
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Kuršumović A, Kienzler JC, Bouma GJ, Bostelmann R, Heggeness M, Thomé C, Miller LE, Barth M. Morphology and Clinical Relevance of Vertebral Endplate Changes Following Limited Lumbar Discectomy With or Without Bone-anchored Annular Closure. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018. [PMID: 29538243 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE To characterize the morphology and clinical relevance of vertebral endplate changes (VEPC) following limited lumbar discectomy with or without implantation of a bone-anchored annular closure device (ACD). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Implantation of an ACD following limited lumbar discectomy has shown promise in reducing the risk of recurrent herniation in patients with large annular defects. However, the interaction between the ACD and the lumbar endplate over time is not well understood. METHODS Patients undergoing limited lumbar discectomy with large postsurgical annular defects were randomized intraoperatively to receive additional ACD implantation or limited lumbar discectomy only (Controls). VEPC morphology, area, and volume were assessed with low-dose computed tomography preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years follow-up. RESULTS Of 554 randomized patients, the as-treated population consisted of 550 patients (267 ACD, 283 Controls). VEPC were preoperatively identified in 18% of patients in the ACD group and in 15% of Controls. At 2 years, VEPC frequency increased to 85% with ACD and 33% in Controls. Device- or procedure-related serious adverse event (8% vs. 17%, P = 0.001) and secondary surgical intervention (5% vs. 13%, P < 0.001) favored the ACD group over Controls. In the ACD group, clinical outcomes were comparable in patients with and without VEPC at 2 years follow-up. In the Control group, patients with VEPC at 2 years had higher risk of symptomatic reherniation versus patients without VEPC (35% vs. 19%, P < 0.01) CONCLUSION.: In patients with large annular defects following limited lumbar discectomy, additional implantation with a bone-anchored ACD reduces risk of postoperative complications despite a greater frequency of VEPC. VEPC were associated with higher risk of symptomatic reherniation in patients treated with limited lumbar discectomy, but not in those who received additional ACD implantation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisa Kuršumović
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donauisar Klinikum Deggendorf, Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Jenny C Kienzler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Neurosurgery Spine Clinic, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bostelmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Heggeness
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
| | - Claudius Thomé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Martin Barth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Bus S, Verbaan D, Kerklaan BJ, Sprengers MES, Vandertop WP, Stam J, Bouma GJ, van den Munckhof P. Do older patients with acute or subacute subdural hematoma benefit from surgery? Br J Neurosurg 2018; 33:51-57. [PMID: 30317874 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2018.1522418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE According to the international guidelines, acute subdural hematomas (aSDH) with a thickness of >10 mm, or causing a midline shift of >5 mm, should be surgically evacuated. However, high mortality rates in older patients resulted in ongoing controversy whether elderly patients benefit from surgery. We identified predictors of outcome in a single-centre cohort of elderly patients undergoing surgical evacuation of aSDH or subacute subdural hematoma (saSDH). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included all patients aged ≥65 years undergoing surgical evacuation of aSDH/saSDH from 2000 to 2015. One-year outcome was dichotomized into favourable (Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 4-5) and unfavourable (GOS 1-3). Predictors of outcome were identified by analysing patient characteristics. RESULTS Eighty-four patients aged ≥65 years underwent craniotomy for aSDH/saSDH during the 16 year time period. Twenty-five percent regained functional independence, 11% survived severely disabled, and 64% died. Most patients died of respiratory failure following withdrawal of artificial respiration or following restriction of treatment. Age of the SDH or Glasgow Coma Scores ≤8/intubation did not predict unfavourable outcome. All patients with bilaterally absent pupillary light reflexes died, also those who still exhibited one normal-sized pupil. CONCLUSION The low number of operated patients per year probably suggests that this cohort represents a selection of patients who were judged to have good chances of favouring from surgery. Functional independence at one-year follow-up was reached in 25% of patients, 64% died. Patients with bilaterally absent pupillary light reflexes did not benefit from surgery. The tendency to restrict treatment because of presumed poor prognosis may have acted as a self-fulfilling prophecy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bus
- a Neurosurgical Centre Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Verbaan
- a Neurosurgical Centre Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Bertjan J Kerklaan
- b Department of Neurology , Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, and Zaans Medical Centre , Zaandam , The Netherlands
| | | | - William P Vandertop
- a Neurosurgical Centre Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stam
- d Department of Neurology , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- a Neurosurgical Centre Amsterdam , Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Barth M, Weiß C, Bouma GJ, Bostelmann R, Kursumovic A, Fandino J, Thomé C. Reply to the letter to the editor of E. Shiban and B. Meyer regarding "Endplate changes after lumbar discectomy with and without implantation of an annular closure device" by Barth M et al., (Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018 Apr;160(4):855-862). Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018; 160:1611-1612. [PMID: 29882013 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-018-3583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Jeckel KM, Boyarko AC, Bouma GJ, Winger QA, Anthony RV. Chorionic somatomammotropin impacts early fetal growth and placental gene expression. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:301-310. [PMID: 29661800 PMCID: PMC5953842 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several developmental windows, including placentation, must be negotiated to establish and maintain pregnancy. Impaired placental function can lead to preeclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), resulting in increased infant mortality and morbidity. It has been hypothesized that chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH) plays a significant role in fetal development, potentially by modifying maternal and fetal metabolism. Recently, using lentiviral-mediated in vivo RNA interference in sheep, we demonstrated significant reductions in near-term (135 days of gestation; dGA) fetal and placental size, and altered fetal liver gene expression, resulting from CSH deficiency. We sought to examine the impact of CSH deficiency on fetal and placental size earlier in gestation (50 dGA), and to examine placental gene expression at 50 and 135 dGA. At 50 dGA, CSH-deficient pregnancies exhibited a 41% reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in uterine vein concentrations of CSH, and significant (P ≤ 0.05) reductions (≈21%) in both fetal body and liver weights. Placentae harvested at 50 and 135 dGA exhibited reductions in IGF1 and IGF2 mRNA concentrations, along with reductions in SLC2A1 and SLC2A3 mRNA. By contrast, mRNA concentrations for various members of the System A, System L and System y+ amino acid transporter families were not significantly impacted. The IUGR observed at the end of the first-third of gestation indicates that the near-term IUGR reported previously, began early in gestation, and may have in part resulted from deficits in the paracrine action of CSH within the placenta. These results provide further compelling evidence for the importance of CSH in the progression and outcome of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Jeckel
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A C Boyarko
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - G J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Q A Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - R V Anthony
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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da Silveira JC, de Ávila ACFCM, Garrett HL, Bruemmer JE, Winger QA, Bouma GJ. Cell-secreted vesicles containing microRNAs as regulators of gamete maturation. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R15-R27. [PMID: 28870888 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian gamete maturation requires extensive signaling between germ cells and their surrounding somatic cells. In the ovary, theca cells, mural granulosa cells, cumulus cells and the oocyte all secrete factors throughout follicle growth and maturation that are critical for ovulation of a high-quality oocyte with the competence to develop into an embryo. Similarly, maturation of sperm occurs as it transits the epididymis during which epididymal epithelium and sperm exchange secretory factors that are required for sperm to gain motility and fertility. Recent studies in a variety of species have uncovered the presence of cell-secreted vesicles in follicular fluid (microvesicles and exosomes) and epididymal fluid (epididymosomes). Moreover, these cell-secreted vesicles contain small non-coding regulatory RNAs called microRNAs, which can be shuttled between maturing gametes and surrounding somatic cells. Although little is known about the exact mechanism of how microRNAs are loaded into these cell-secreted vesicles or are transferred and modulate gene expression and function in gametes, recent studies clearly suggest that cell-secreted vesicle microRNAs play a role in oocyte and sperm maturation. Moreover, a role for cell-secreted vesicular microRNAs in gamete maturation provides for novel opportunities to modulate and discover new diagnostic markers associated with male or female fertility. This manuscript provides an overview of cell-secreted vesicles in ovarian follicular fluid and epididymal fluid and microRNAs and discusses recent discoveries on the potential function of cell-secreted vesicles as carriers of microRNAs in oocyte and sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano C da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara F C M de Ávila
- Department of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hannah L Garrett
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason E Bruemmer
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Abstract
Mammalian ovarian follicular growth is characterized by development of a large fluid filled antrum that separates mural granulosa cells and cumulus cells. Extensive communication between the different cell types is necessary for maturation of a developmentally competent oocyte. Here, we describe an approach for the isolation of cell-secreted exosomes from ovarian follicular fluid, identification of small RNAs (i.e., microRNAs) in exosomes, labeling of exosomes, and examining cell uptake of exosomes by follicular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Da Silveira
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M Andrade
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meireles
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Quinton A Winger
- College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- College of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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31
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Chicco AJ, Mulligan CM, Le CH, Routh MA, Nemr D, Li Puma LC, Linde PE, Bouma GJ, Regan DP, Nakamura MT, Moulton KS. Abstract 228:
FADS2
Regulates Cardiometabolic Risk Phenotypes in Mice. Circ Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/res.121.suppl_1.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the
FADS2
gene associate with cardiometabolic risk in humans. Additionally, serum fatty acid profiles reflecting hepatic hyperactivity of the
FADS2
gene product, delta-6 desaturase (D6D), correspond to cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) phenotypes in humans and animal models. D6D catalyzes rate-limiting steps in essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, but its role in the pathogenesis of CMS has not been defined. In the present study, we employed pharmacological and genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches to investigate the links between D6D activity and CMS phenotypes in mice. Transgenic overexpression (TG) of
FADS2
in normal (FVB) mice modestly increases hepatic D6D protein expression and serum PUFA product/precursor ratios reflecting greater enzyme activity
in vivo
.
FADS2
TG mice develop a mild, but progressive obesity and insulin resistance with age compared to WT mice, as well as elevated serum triglycerides and LDL/HDL and hepatic macrophage infiltration, but not hepatic steatosis. Global
FADS2
ablation prevents obesity/insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat feeding in C57Bl/6J mice, but promotes severe hepatic steatosis. Pharmacological D6D inhibition
in vivo
with SC-26196 (100 mpk 4-8 weeks) ameliorates hepatic inflammation and glucose intolerance in
FADS2
TG mice and leptin-deficient (
ob
) mice, and prevents severe hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in
ldlr
-/-
mice fed an atherogenic diet; despite augmenting hepatic steatosis in all cases. Tissue phospholipid analyses across these models revealed consistent positive relationships between D6D activity, pro-inflammatory eicosanoid accumulation, and a higher phosphatdiylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine (PC/PE) ratio previously linked to increased hepatic VLDL synthesis and release. These studies establish an important role of D6D activity in the development of CMS and inflammation, and reveal novels links with tissue phospholipid class distribution and metabolism relevant to the development an atherogenic serum lipid profile, hepatic lipid homeostasis, and perhaps other aspects of cardiovascular risk currently under investigation in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dina Nemr
- Colorado State Univ, Fort Collins, CO
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32
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Campos-Chillon F, Farmerie TA, Bouma GJ, Clay CM, Carnevale EM. Effects of aging on gene expression and mitochondrial DNA in the equine oocyte and follicle cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 27:925-33. [PMID: 25786490 DOI: 10.1071/rd14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesised that advanced mare age is associated with follicle and oocyte gene alterations. The aims of the study were to examine quantitative and temporal differences in mRNA for LH receptor (LHR), amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) in granulosa cells, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4D in cumulus cells and PDE3A, G-protein-coupled receptor 3 (GPR3), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA in oocytes. Samples were collected from dominant follicles of Young (3-12 years) and Old (≥20 years) mares at 0, 6, 9 and 12h after administration of equine recombinant LH. LHR mRNA declined after 0h in Young mares, with no time effect in Old mares. For both ages, gene expression of AREG was elevated at 6 and 9h and EREG was expression was elevated at 9h, with higher expression in Old than Young mares. Cumulus cell PDE4D expression increased by 6h (Old) and 12h (Young). Oocyte GPR3 expression peaked at 9 and 12h in Young and Old mares, respectively. Expression of PDE3A increased at 6h, with the increase greater in oocytes from Old than Young mares at 6 and 9h. Mean GDF9 and BMP15 transcripts were higher in Young than Old, with a peak at 6h. Copy numbers of mtDNA did not vary over time in oocytes from Young mares, but a temporal decrease was observed in oocytes from Old mares. The results support an age-associated asynchrony in the expression of genes that are essential for follicular and oocyte maturation before ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd A Farmerie
- Washington State University, PO Box 647520, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Colorado State University, 1693 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Colin M Clay
- Colorado State University, 1693 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Colorado State University, 1693 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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33
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Klohonatz KM, Cameron AD, Hergenreder JR, da Silveira JC, Belk AD, Veeramachaneni DNR, Bouma GJ, Bruemmer JE. Circulating miRNAs as Potential Alternative Cell Signaling Associated with Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in the Mare. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:124. [PMID: 27760749 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.142935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During early pregnancy, the conceptus and mare communicate to establish pregnancy. Cell-secreted vesicles (e.g., exosomes) have been reported in serum. Exosomes contain bioactive materials, such as miRNA, that can mediate cell responses. We hypothesized that a) exosomes are present in mare circulation and quantity varies with pregnancy status, b) exosomes contain miRNAs unique to pregnancy status, and c) miRNAs target pathways in endometrium based upon pregnancy status of the mare. First, serum samples were obtained from mares in a crossover design, with each mare providing samples from a pregnant and nonmated control cycle (n = 3/sample day) on Days 12, 14, 16, and 18 postovulation. Flow cytometry revealed the presence of serum microvesicles in mares in two different-sized populations (greater than or less than 100 nm), validated by transmission electron microscopy. Second, serum was collected on Days 9, 11, and 13 (n = 4/day), and endometrial biopsies were collected on Days 11 and 13 (n = 3/day) from pregnant and nonmated mares. Total RNA from serum exosomes was evaluated with quantitative RT-PCR using equine-specific miRNA sequences. A total of 12 miRNAs were found in different quantities on the specified days. Pathway analysis suggested that miRNAs targeted focal adhesion molecules (FAMs). Transcripts corresponding to FAMs were evaluated in endometrial biopsies. Protein levels and localization for PAK6 and RAF1 were further evaluated. Our data suggest that serum exosomes contain miRNA that differ based upon pregnancy status, and may affect mRNA expression related to focal adhesion pathway in the endometrium, with a potential role in maternal recognition of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Klohonatz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Ashely D Cameron
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Joanna R Hergenreder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Juliano C da Silveira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Aeriel D Belk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - D N R Veeramachaneni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jason E Bruemmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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34
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Barth M, Fontana J, Thomé C, Bouma GJ, Schmieder K. Occurrence of discal and non-discal changes after sequestrectomy alone versus sequestrectomy and implantation of an anulus closure device. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 34:288-293. [PMID: 27742376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sequestrectomy alone represents a procedure for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. For selected cases, an anulus closure device (ACD) can be implanted which may result in lower reoperation rates. However, comparative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes and their clinical relevance of both procedures are unclear and have not been reported so far. Clinical and MRI data of patients after limited discectomy with ACD implantation (group ACD; N=45) and patients after sequestrectomy alone (group S; N=40) with primary lumbar disc herniation were compared retrospectively. Pain intensity on the visual analogue pain scale (VAS), oswestry disability index (ODI) or the patient satisfaction index (PSI) were collected. Disc signal intensity, Modic type changes, endplate reactions, anular tears and reherniations were investigated using MRI before and <18months postoperative. Morphologic changes were correlated with clinical outcome. There was no difference in VAS back, VAS leg or ODI/PSI after the operation although group S showed significantly more reherniations in MRI. The overall rate of repeated surgery at the same level was similar with a trend in favour of the ACD group (P=0.729). Significantly more patients of the ACD group experienced endplate erosions after surgery (P<0.001). Both groups experienced progression of disc signal intensity, Modic type changes, and anular tears with most MRI signs being without clinical relevance. ACD implantation is associated with a significantly lower reherniation rate in MRI but showed a significantly higher rate of endplate erosions. The structural changes do not appear to be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Barth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Johann Fontana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudius Thomé
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, St. Lucas-Andreas Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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35
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Klohonatz KM, Hess AM, Hansen TR, Squires EL, Bouma GJ, Bruemmer JE. Equine endometrial gene expression changes during and after maternal recognition of pregnancy. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3364-76. [PMID: 26440005 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism for maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in horses is unknown. To maintain a pregnancy, a mobile conceptus must be recognized by the uterus before d 14 postovulation (PO). This recognition prevents endometrial secretion of PGF2α on d14 through 16, which would otherwise initiate luteolysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate gene expression in the endometrium of pregnant and nonpregnant mares during and after MRP to identify possible genes involved during this time. Twelve normally cycling mares were used in a crossover design and randomly assigned to a specific collection day. Endometrial samples were collected from a pregnant and nonpregnant (nonmated) mare on cycle d 12, 14, 16, and 18 (n = 3/d) PO. Microarray analysis comparing the endometrial gene expression in pregnant and nonpregnant mares revealed no differences at d 12. Ten genes were identified to have consistently higher or lower expression levels in the endometrium from pregnant versus nonpregnant mares on d 14, 16, and 18 (P < 0.001). The expression of these 10 genes was further analyzed with real-time PCR. d 14, 16, and 18 gene expression patterns were consistent with the microarray analysis, but on d 12, 4 of the 10 were identified as differentially expressed. Endometrial samples were then collected on d 13 PO (n = 3) and processed for western blot and immunohistochemical analysis of 2 proteins due to their reproductive significance. SPLA2 and DKK1 antibody specificity were confirmed via western blot analysis but were not different in samples from pregnant and nonpregnant mares (P = 0.114 and P = 0.514, respectively) and cellular localization was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. This is the first study to describe gene expression and cellular localization in the endometrium at the time of MRP for these genes and suggests that the uterus does not prepare to support a pregnancy until d 14. The function of these genes may be critical in the process of MRP.
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36
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da Silveira JC, Winger QA, Bouma GJ, Carnevale EM. Effects of age on follicular fluid exosomal microRNAs and granulosa cell transforming growth factor-β signalling during follicle development in the mare. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:897-905. [PMID: 25945781 DOI: 10.1071/rd14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in fertility is a consequence of low oocyte number and/or low oocyte competence resulting in pregnancy failure. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling is a well-studied pathway involved in follicular development and ovulation. Recently, small non-coding RNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs), have been demonstrated to regulate several members of this pathway; miRNAs are secreted inside small cell-secreted vesicles called exosomes. The overall goal of the present study was to determine whether altered exosome miRNA content in follicular fluid from old mares is associated with changes in TGF-β signalling in granulosa cells during follicle development. Follicular fluid was collected at deviation (n=6), mid-oestrus (n=6) and preovulation (n=6) for identification of exosomal miRNAs from young (3-12 years) and old (20-26 years) mares. Analysis of selected TGF-β signalling members revealed significantly increased levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) in granulosa cells from mid-oestrus compared with preovulatory follicles, and collagen alpha-2(I) chain (COL1A2) in granulosa cells from deviation compared with preovulatory follicles in young mares. In addition, granulosa cells from old mares had significantly altered levels of DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2 (ID2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A). Finally, changes in exosomal miRNA predicted to target selected TGF-β members were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano C da Silveira
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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37
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Hatzel JN, Bouma GJ, Cleys ER, Bemis LT, Ehrhart EJ, McCue PM. Identification of heat shock protein 10 within the equine embryo, endometrium, and maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Theriogenology 2015; 83:832-9. [PMID: 25542459 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early pregnancy factor has been identified as a 10-kDa extracellular homolog of heat shock protein 10 (Hsp10). Hsp10 has been detected during early pregnancy in serum of mice, sheep, pigs, horses, cows, and humans by the rosette inhibition test. Hsp10 has also been associated with several neoplastic and autoimmune diseases. The goal of the present study was to determine if Hsp10 could be detected in the early equine embryo through the use of immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, analysis of systemically harvested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both pregnant and nonpregnant mares was evaluated to determine expression levels of HSP10. Embryos were collected from Quarter Horse mares by uterine lavage at either 8 or 25 days after ovulation. Collection and separation of PBMCs occurred on Day 8 for both pregnant and nonpregnant mares. Immunohistochemistry revealed cytoplasmic localization of HSP10 throughout the single layer of ectodermal cells forming the trophoblast in Day-8 embryos. Day-25 embryos demonstrated intense localization focally along the apical border of ectodermal cells forming the trophoblast layer of the developing chorion. There was no nuclear staining in either embryonic population. Quantitative real-time PCR detected the presence of mRNA for HSP10 in both 8- and 25-day equine embryos. Day-25 embryos exhibited an elevated degree of expression (P = 0.006) compared with the 8-day embryos for HSP10. Endometrial samples did not display any significant difference in degree of expression for HSP10 (P = 0.10). Finally, PBMCs from pregnant mares demonstrated elevated (P = 0.03) expression of HSP10 compared to the nonpregnant mares on Day 8 of the estrous cycle. This study confirmed the presence of HSP10 protein and mRNA expression of HSP10 in equine embryos at two maturation stages. Additionally, the presence of increased gene expression within PBMCs of pregnant mares suggests communication, possibly leading to necessary immunomodulatory effects between the embryo and mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Hatzel
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
| | - G J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - E R Cleys
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - L T Bemis
- Department of Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - P M McCue
- Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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38
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Cleys ER, Halleran JL, Enriquez VA, da Silveira JC, West RC, Winger QA, Anthony RV, Bruemmer JE, Clay CM, Bouma GJ. Androgen receptor and histone lysine demethylases in ovine placenta. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117472. [PMID: 25675430 PMCID: PMC4326353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones regulate developmental programming in many tissues, including programming gene expression during prenatal development. While estradiol is known to regulate placentation, little is known about the role of testosterone and androgen signaling in placental development despite the fact that testosterone rises in maternal circulation during pregnancy and in placenta-induced pregnancy disorders. We investigated the role of testosterone in placental gene expression, and focused on androgen receptor (AR). Prenatal androgenization decreased global DNA methylation in gestational day 90 placentomes, and increased placental expression of AR as well as genes involved in epigenetic regulation, angiogenesis, and growth. As AR complexes with histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) to regulate AR target genes in human cancers, we also investigated if the same mechanism is present in the ovine placenta. AR co-immunoprecipitated with KDM1A and KDM4D in sheep placentomes, and AR-KDM1A complexes were recruited to a half-site for androgen response element (ARE) in the promoter region of VEGFA. Androgenized ewes also had increased cotyledonary VEGFA. Finally, in human first trimester placental samples KDM1A and KDM4D immunolocalized to the syncytiotrophoblast, with nuclear KDM1A and KDM4D immunostaining also present in the villous stroma. In conclusion, placental androgen signaling, possibly through AR-KDM complex recruitment to AREs, regulates placental VEGFA expression. AR and KDMs are also present in first trimester human placenta. Androgens appear to be an important regulator of trophoblast differentiation and placental development, and aberrant androgen signaling may contribute to the development of placental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellane R. Cleys
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Halleran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Vanessa A. Enriquez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Juliano C. da Silveira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rachel C. West
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Quinton A. Winger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Russell V. Anthony
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jason E. Bruemmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Colin M. Clay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Ledic D, Vukas D, Grahovac G, Barth M, Bouma GJ, Vilendecic M. Effect of anular closure on disk height maintenance and reoperated recurrent herniation following lumbar diskectomy: two-year data. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2015; 76:211-8. [PMID: 25587701 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1393930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the potential benefits of disk reherniation reduction and disk height maintenance in limited diskectomy combined with the implantation of the anular closure device. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA Postoperative disk height loss is apparent in most patients undergoing lumbar diskectomy for herniated nucleus pulposus. Less favorable patient outcomes are associated with significant loss in disk height that can occur after aggressive disk tissue removal. More conservative disk removals, however, are often burdened by the increased risk of recurrent disk herniation. METHODS Two prospective single-arm studies on patients treated with limited diskectomy and an anular closure device were conducted. Outcome measures included disk height maintenance relative to preoperative values, Oswestry Disability Index, back pain, leg pain, and complications such as reherniations. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks and at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-month time points. RESULTS A total of 75 patients were included in this cohort consisting of 40 men and 35 women with an average age of 40 years. Disk height maintenance within the group overall was 90% at 24 months. Overall, 97% of the treated disks demonstrated disk height maintenance of at least 75% of preoperative levels at 12 months and 92% at 24 months. Disk height maintenance was correlated with less nucleus removal. Patient disability, back pain, and leg pain were significantly improved from preoperative levels at 6 weeks and maintained over the course of study. There was a single symptomatic reherniation requiring surgical intervention within this series. CONCLUSIONS Limited lumbar diskectomy combined with the use of an anular closure device provided very low rates of disk reherniation and exhibited excellent disk height maintenance and sustained disability, leg pain, and back pain improvement within a 24-month postoperative study period. As with prior diskectomy studies, disk height maintenance was correlated with lower nucleus removal, although recurrence was less than in prior reports of limited diskectomy. Anular closure may allow for achievement of both objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Ledic
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Duje Vukas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gordan Grahovac
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Barth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Knappschafts-Krankenhaus Bochum-Langendreer, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Lucas-Andreas Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Cleys ER, Halleran JL, McWhorter E, Hergenreder J, Enriquez VA, da Silveira JC, Bruemmer JE, Winger QA, Bouma GJ. Identification of microRNAs in exosomes isolated from serum and umbilical cord blood, as well as placentomes of gestational day 90 pregnant sheep. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:983-93. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellane R. Cleys
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Jennifer L. Halleran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Erin McWhorter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Joanna Hergenreder
- Department of Animal Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Vanessa A. Enriquez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | | | - Jason E. Bruemmer
- Department of Animal Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Quinton A. Winger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado
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41
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Jeckel KM, Bouma GJ, Hess AM, Petrilli EB, Frye MA. Dietary fatty acids alter left ventricular myocardial gene expression in Wistar rats. Nutr Res 2014; 34:694-706. [PMID: 25172377 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for cardiomyopathy in the absence of comorbidities. Myocardial structure is modified by dietary fatty acids. Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with Western (WES) diet consumption, whereas intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with antihypertrophic effects. We previously observed no attenuation of left ventricular thickening after 3 months of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of a WES diet, compared with WES diet intake alone, in rats that had similar weight, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity to control animals. The objective of this study was to define left ventricular gene expression in these animals to determine whether diet alone was associated with a physiologic or pathologic hypertrophic response. We hypothesized that WES diet consumption would favor a pathologic or maladaptive myocardial gene expression pattern and that DHA supplementation would favor a physiologic or adaptive response. Microarray analysis identified 64 transcripts that were differentially expressed (P ≤ .001) within one or more treatment comparisons. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, 29 genes with fold change at least 1.74 were successfully validated; all but 3 had similar directionality to that observed using microarray, and 2 genes, connective tissue growth factor and cathepsin M, were differentially expressed according to diet. WES blot analysis was performed on 4 proteins relevant to myocardial hypertrophy and metabolism. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, B-cell translocation gene 2, and carbonic anhydrase III showed directional change consistent with gene expression. Retinol saturase (all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase), although not consistent with gene expression, was different according to diet, with increased concentrations in WES-fed rats compared with control and DHA-supplemented animals. Diet did not distinguish a transcriptome reflecting physiologic or pathologic myocardial hypertrophy; furthermore, the modest changes observed suggest that obesity and associated comorbidities may play a larger role than mere dietary fatty acid composition in development of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Jeckel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Ann M Hess
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Erin B Petrilli
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Melinda A Frye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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da Silveira JC, Carnevale EM, Winger QA, Bouma GJ. Regulation of ACVR1 and ID2 by cell-secreted exosomes during follicle maturation in the mare. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:44. [PMID: 24884710 PMCID: PMC4045866 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian follicle growth and maturation requires extensive communication between follicular somatic cells and oocytes. Recently, intercellular cell communication was described involving cell-secreted vesicles called exosomes (50-150 nm), which contain miRNAs and protein, and have been identified in ovarian follicular fluid. The goal of this study was to identify a possible role of exosomes in follicle maturation. METHODS Follicle contents were collected from mares at mid-estrous (~35 mm, before induction of follicular maturation) and pre-ovulatory follicles (30-34 h after induction of follicular maturation). A real time PCR screen was conducted to reveal significant differences in the presence of exosomal miRNAs isolated from mid-estrous and pre-ovulatory follicles, and according to bioinformatics analysis these exosomal miRNAs are predicted to target members belonging to the TGFB superfamily, including ACVR1 and ID2. Granulosa cells from pre-ovulatory follicles were cultured and treated with exosomes isolated from follicular fluid. Changes in mRNA and protein were measured by real time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS ACVR1 mRNA and protein was detected in granulosa cells at mid-estrous and pre-ovulatory stages, and real time PCR analysis revealed significantly lower levels of ID2 (an ACVR1 target gene) in granulosa cells from pre-ovulatory follicles. Exposure to exosomes from follicular fluid of mid-estrous follicles decreased ID2 levels in granulosa cells. Moreover, exosomes isolated from mid-estrous and pre-ovulatory follicles contain ACVR1 and miR-27b, miR-372, and miR-382 (predicted regulators of ACVR1 and ID2) were capable of altering ID2 levels in pre-ovulatory granulosa cells. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that exosomes isolated from follicular fluid can regulate members of the TGFB/BMP signaling pathway in granulosa cells, and possibly play a role in regulating follicle maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano C da Silveira
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elaine M Carnevale
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Quinton A Winger
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Lequin MB, Verbaan D, Bouma GJ. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with stand-alone Trabecular Metal cages for repeatedly recurrent lumbar disc herniation and back pain. J Neurosurg Spine 2014; 20:617-22. [PMID: 24678638 DOI: 10.3171/2014.2.spine13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Patients with recurrent sciatica due to repeated reherniation of the intervertebral disc carry a poor prognosis for recovery and create a large burden on society. There is no consensus about the best treatment for this patient group. The goal of this study was to evaluate the 12-month results of the placement of stand-alone Trabecular Metal cages in these patients. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 26 patients with recurrent disc herniations treated with stand-alone posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with Trabecular Metal cages. At 1 year patients were evaluated using the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. Furthermore, Likert scores of perceived recovery and satisfaction with the treatment were recorded. Lumbar spine radiographs after 1 year were compared with postoperative radiographs to measure subsidence. Stability of the operated segment was assessed using dynamic radiography. RESULTS The patient group consisted of 26 patients (62% male) with a mean age of 45.7 ± 11.4 years (± SD). Patients had a history of 1 (31%), 2 (42%), or more (27%) discectomies at the same level. The mean follow-up period was 15.3 ± 7.3 months. At follow-up the mean VAS score for pain in the affected leg was 36.7 ± 27.9. The mean VAS score for back pain was 42.5 ± 30.2. The mean RMDQ score at follow-up was 9.8 ± 6.2. Twelve (46%) of the 26 patients had a global perceived good recovery. With respect to treatment satisfaction, 18 patients (69%) were content or very content with the operation and would recommend it. Disc height was increased immediately postoperatively, and at the 1-year follow-up it was still significantly higher compared with the preoperative height (mean 41% ± 38.7%, range -25.7 to 126.8, paired t-test, both p < 0.001), although a mean of 7.52% ± 11.6% subsidence occurred (median 2.0% [interquartile range 0.0%-10.9%], p < 0.003). No significant correlation between subsidence and postoperative back pain was found (Spearman's rho -0.2, p = 0.459). Flexion-extension radiographs showed instability in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS Although only 46% of patients reported a good recovery with significant reductions in back and leg pain, 85% of patients reported at least some benefit from the operation, and a marked improvement in working status at follow-up was noted. In view of previously published poor results of instrumented lumbar fusion for patients with failed back surgery syndrome, the present data indicate that Trabecular Metal interbody fusion cages can be used in a stand-alone fashion and should not always need supplemental posterior fixation in patients with recurrent disc herniation without spinal instability, although a long-term follow-up study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel B Lequin
- Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Neurosurgery Spine Clinic, Sint Lucas Andreas Hospital, and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Seabrook JL, Cantlon JD, Cooney AJ, McWhorter EE, Fromme BA, Bouma GJ, Anthony RV, Winger QA. Role of LIN28A in mouse and human trophoblast cell differentiation. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:95. [PMID: 24006280 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.109868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, and function are critical for placenta development and function. The RNA-binding protein, LIN28A, has been well characterized as a potent regulator of differentiation in embryonic stem cells; however, little is known about the function of LIN28A in the placenta. We assessed LIN28A in vitro using mouse trophoblast stem (mTS) cells and human trophoblast cells (ACH-3P). We observed that LIN28A decreased and let-7 miRNA increased when mTS cells were induced to differentiate into mouse trophoblast giant cells (mTGCs) upon the removal of FGF4, heparin and conditioned medium. Similarly, we observed that LIN28A decreased in ACH-3P cells induced to syncytialize with forskolin treatment. To assess LIN28A in vivo we examined Embryonic Day 11.5 mouse placenta and observed abundant LIN28A in the chorioallantoic interface and labyrinth layer, with little LIN28A staining in spongiotrophoblast or differentiated mTGCs. Additionally, shRNA-mediated LIN28A knockdown in ACH-3P cells resulted in increased spontaneous syncytialization, and increased levels of syncytiotrophoblast markers hCG, LGALS13, and ERVW-1 mRNA. Additionally, targeted degradation of LIN28A mRNA increased responsiveness to forskolin-induced differentiation. In contrast, targeted degradation of Lin28a mRNA in mTS cells did not alter cell phenotype when maintained under proliferative culture conditions. Together, these data establish that LIN28A has a functional role in regulating trophoblast differentiation and function, and that loss of LIN28A in human trophoblast is sufficient to induce differentiation, but does not induce differentiation in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Seabrook
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Bouma GJ. Answer to the letter to the editor of Dr. Yusuf Izci entitled "anular closure device: Is it necessary after discectomy?" concerning "the high-risk discectomy patient: prevention of reherniation in patients with large anular defects using an anular closure device" by G. J. Bouma, M. Barth, D. Ledic, M. Vilendecic (2013) Eur Spine J; 22(5):1030-1036. Eur Spine J 2013; 23:485. [PMID: 24072340 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-3041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center/Sint Lucas Andreas Ziekenhuis, P.O. Box 9243, 1006 AE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Lequin MB, Verbaan D, Jacobs WCH, Brand R, Bouma GJ, Vandertop WP, Peul WC. Surgery versus prolonged conservative treatment for sciatica: 5-year results of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2013; 3:bmjopen-2012-002534. [PMID: 23793663 PMCID: PMC3657649 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the 5 years' results of the Sciatica trial focused on pain, disability, (un)satisfactory recovery and predictors for unsatisfactory recovery. DESIGN A randomised controlled trial. SETTING Nine Dutch hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Five years' follow-up data from 231 of 283 patients (82%) were collected. INTERVENTION Early surgery or an intended 6 months of conservative treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Scores from Roland disability questionnaire, visual analogue scale (VAS) for leg and back pain and a Likert self-rating scale of global perceived recovery were analysed. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups on the 5 years' primary outcome scores. Despite at least 6 months of conservative treatment 46% of the conservatively allocated patients were treated surgically because of severe leg pain and disability. Forty-nine (21%) patients had an unsatisfactory recovery at 5 years and the recovery pattern showed that there was a variable group of 66 patients (31%) with at least one unsatisfactory outcome at 1, 2 or 5 years of follow-up. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (>40; OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.16 to 5.02)), severity of leg pain (VAS >70; OR 3.32 (95% CI 1.69 to 6.54)) and the Mc Gill affective score (score >3; OR 6.23 (95% CI 2.23 to 17.38)) were the only significant predictors for an unsatisfactory outcome at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS In the long term, 8% of the patients with sciatica never showed any recovery and in at least 23%, sciatica appears to result in ongoing complaints, which fluctuate over time, irrespective of treatment. Prolonged conservative care might give patients a fair chance for pain and disability to resolve without surgery, but with the risk to receive delayed surgery after prolonged suffering of sciatica. Age above 40 years, severe leg pain at baseline and a higher affective Mc Gill pain score were predictors for unsatisfactory recovery. Trial Registry ISRCT No 26872154.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel B Lequin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Verbaan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco C H Jacobs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Brand
- Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William P Vandertop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, Neurosurgical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco C Peul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bouma GJ, Barth M, Ledic D, Vilendecic M. The high-risk discectomy patient: prevention of reherniation in patients with large anular defects using an anular closure device. Eur Spine J 2013; 22:1030-6. [PMID: 23377540 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-2656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With lumbar discectomy for disc herniation, surgeons must choose between limited nucleus removal associated with higher reherniation risk or more aggressive nucleus removal associated with increased back pain and disc degeneration. This trade-off is particularly challenging in patients with large anular defects, which carry the highest risk of reherniation. We examined the effect of an anular closure device on reherniation and clinical outcomes. METHODS Seventy-five primary discectomy patients had a limited discectomy followed by implantation of an anular closure device and were followed-up to 2 years. Anular defect size and volume of removed nucleus was recorded at surgery. Reherniations were reported, pain and function were monitored throughout, and imaging was performed at annual visits. RESULTS The overall symptomatic reherniation rate was 1.4%, and the asymptomatic reherniation rate was 1.5% at 12 months and 5.1% at 24 months. Both rates compare favorably with literature reports which include symptomatic rates ranging between 2 and 18% (up to 27% for patients with large anular defects) and an asymptomatic rate of 13%. CONCLUSIONS The low reherniation rate in patients at high-risk of reherniation based on anular defect size, despite discectomy being only limited, suggests that an anular closure device may reduce reherniation risk. Clinical outcomes for pain and function at 1 and 2 years post-operatively compared favorably with literature reports. Further study in a randomized controlled trial is required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, St. Lucas-Andreas Ziekenhuis, Jan Tooropstaat 164, 1061 AE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Knoll JG, Clay CM, Bouma GJ, Henion TR, Schwarting GA, Millar RP, Tobet SA. Developmental profile and sexually dimorphic expression of kiss1 and kiss1r in the fetal mouse brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:140. [PMID: 24130552 PMCID: PMC3795359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) is a complex neuroendocrine circuit involving multiple levels of regulation. Kisspeptin neurons play essential roles in controlling the HPG axis from the perspectives of puberty onset, oscillations of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron activity, and the pre-ovulatory LH surge. The current studies focus on the expression of kisspeptin during murine fetal development using in situ hybridization (ISH), quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR (QPCR), and immunocytochemistry. Expression of mRNA coding for kisspeptin (KISS1) and its receptor KISS1R was observed at embryonic (E) day 13 by ISH. At E13 and other later ages examined, Kiss1 signal in individual cells within the arcuate nucleus (ARC) appeared stronger in females than males. ISH examination of agonadal steroidogenic factor-1 (Sf1) knockout mice revealed that E17 XY knockouts (KO) resembled wild-type (WT) XX females. These findings raise the possibility that gonadal hormones modulate the expression of Kiss1 in the ARC prior to birth. The sex and genotype differences were tested quantitatively by QPCR experiments in dissected hypothalami from mice at E17 and adulthood. Females had significantly more Kiss1 than males at both ages, even though the number of cells detected by ISH was similar. In addition, QPCR revealed a significant difference in the amount of Kiss1 mRNA in Sf1 mice with WT XY mice expressing less than XY KO and XX mice of both genotypes. The detection of immunoreactive KISS1 in perikarya of the ARC at E17 indicates that early mRNA is translated to peptide. The functional significance of this early expression of Kiss1 awaits elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin M. Clay
- Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Timothy R. Henion
- Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert P. Millar
- MRC Receptor Biology Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stuart A. Tobet
- Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Biomedical Science and Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- *Correspondence: Stuart A. Tobet, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1617 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA e-mail:
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Lequin MB, Barth M, Thomė C, Bouma GJ. Primary limited lumbar discectomy with an annulus closure device: one-year clinical and radiographic results from a prospective, multi-center study. Korean J Spine 2012; 9:340-7. [PMID: 25983843 PMCID: PMC4430560 DOI: 10.14245/kjs.2012.9.4.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Discectomy as a treatment for herniated lumbar discs results in outcomes after surgery that are not uniformly positive. Surgeons face the dilemma between limited nucleus removal which is associated with a higher risk of recurrence, or more aggressive nucleus removal which may lead to disc height loss and persistent back-pain. annulus closure devices may allow for the benefits of limited nucleus removal without the increased risk of recurrence. This is an interim report of an ongoing 24-month post-marketing study of the Barricaid® annulus closure device, consisting of a flexible polymer mesh that blocks the defect, held in place by a titanium bone anchor. Methods We prospectively enrolled 45 patients at four hospitals, and implanted the Barricaid® after a limited discectomy. annulus defect size and volume of removed nucleus were recorded. Reherniations were reported, pain and function were monitored and imaging was performed at regular intervals during 24 months of follow-up. Results At 12 months postsurgery, pain and function were significantly improved, comparing favorably to reported results from limited discectomy. Disc height has been well maintained. One reherniation has occurred (2.4%), which was associated with a misplaced device. No device fracture, subsidence or migration has been observed. Conclusion The use of an annulus closure device may provide a reduction in reherniation rate for lumbar discectomy patients with large annulus defects who are at the greatest risk of recurrence. Using such a device should provide the surgeon increased confidence in minimizing nucleus removal, which, in turn, may preserve disc height and biomechanics, reducing degeneration and associated poor clinical outcomes in the long-term. A randomized multicenter study evaluating limited discectomy with and without the Barricaid® is currently underway, and will provide a higher level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel B Lequin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sint Lucas-Andreas Ziekenhuis and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Barth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudius Thomė
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerrit J Bouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sint Lucas-Andreas Ziekenhuis and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jeckel KM, Veeramachaneni DNR, Chicco AJ, Chapman PL, Mulligan CM, Hegarty JR, Pagliassotti MJ, Ferguson LA, Bouma GJ, Frye MA. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation does not improve Western diet-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51994. [PMID: 23300587 PMCID: PMC3530602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases risk for cardiomyopathy in the absence of hypertension, diabetes or ischemia. The fatty acid milieu, modulated by diet, may modify myocardial structure and function, lending partial explanation for the array of cardiomyopathic phenotypy. We sought to identify gross, cellular and ultrastructural myocardial changes associated with Western diet intake, and subsequent modification with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. Wistar and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received 1 of 3 diets: control (CON); Western (WES); Western + DHA (WES+DHA). After 12 weeks of treatment, echocardiography was performed and myocardial adiponectin, fatty acids, collagen, area occupied by lipid and myocytes, and ultrastructure were determined. Strain effects included higher serum adiponectin in Wistar rats, and differences in myocardial fatty acid composition. Diet effects were evident in that both WES and WES+DHA feeding were associated with similarly increased left ventricular (LV) diastolic cranial wall thickness (LVW(cr/d)) and decreased diastolic internal diameter (LVID(d)), compared to CON. Unexpectedly, WES+DHA feeding was associated additionally with increased thickness of the LV cranial wall during systole (LVW(cr/s)) and the caudal wall during diastole (LVW(ca/d)) compared to CON; this was observed concomitantly with increased serum and myocardial adiponectin. Diastolic dysfunction was present in WES+DHA rats compared to both WES and CON. Myocyte cross sectional area (CSA) was greater in WES compared to CON rats. In both fat-fed groups, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed myofibril degeneration, disorganized mitochondrial cristae, lipid inclusions and vacuolation. In the absence of hypertension and whole body insulin resistance, WES+DHA intake was associated with more global LV thickening and with diastolic dysfunction, compared to WES feeding alone. Myocyte hypertrophy, possibly related to subcellular injury, is an early change that may contribute to gross hypertrophy. Strain differences in adipokines and myocardial fatty acid accretion may underlie heterogeneous data from rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Jeckel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - D. N. Rao Veeramachaneni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Chicco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Applied Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Phillip L. Chapman
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Mulligan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Hegarty
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Pagliassotti
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lindsay A. Ferguson
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Gerrit J. Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Melinda A. Frye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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