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Giannella L, Grelloni C, Bernardi M, Cicoli C, Lavezzo F, Sartini G, Natalini L, Bordini M, Petrini M, Petrucci J, Terenzi T, Delli Carpini G, Di Giuseppe J, Ciavattini A. Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Concurrent Cancer: A Comprehensive Overview on a Challenging Clinical Condition. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:914. [PMID: 38473276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review regarding atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) focused on the main debated factors regarding this challenging clinical condition: (i) predictive variables of occult endometrial cancer (EC); (ii) the rate of EC underestimation according to different endometrial sampling methods; and (iii) the appropriateness of lymph node status assessment. When cancer is detected, approximately 90% of cases include low-risk EC, although intermediate/high-risk cases have been found in 10-13% of women with cancer. Older age, diabetes, high BMI, and increased endometrial thickness are the most recurrent factors in women with EC. However, the predictive power of these independent variables measured on internal validation sets showed disappointing results. Relative to endometrial sampling methods, hysteroscopic endometrial resection (Hys-res) provided the lowest EC underestimation, ranging between 6 and 11%. Further studies, including larger sample sizes of women undergoing Hys-res, are needed to confirm these findings. These data are urgently needed, especially for female candidates for conservative treatment. Finally, the evaluation of lymph node status measured on 660 of over 20,000 women showed a lymph node positivity of 2.3%. Although there has been an increase in the use of this procedure in AEH in recent years, the present data cannot recommend this option in AEH based on a cost/risk/benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giannella
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Camilla Grelloni
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Camilla Cicoli
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Lavezzo
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Sartini
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Natalini
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mila Bordini
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Petrini
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Jessica Petrucci
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Tomas Terenzi
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delli Carpini
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Di Giuseppe
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavattini
- Woman's Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy
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Giannella L, Di Giuseppe J, Delli Carpini G, Grelloni C, Fichera M, Sartini G, Caimmi S, Natalini L, Ciavattini A. HPV-Negative Adenocarcinomas of the Uterine Cervix: From Molecular Characterization to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315022. [PMID: 36499345 PMCID: PMC9735497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. It is the leading cause of female deaths in developing countries. Most of these cervical neoplasms are represented by squamous lesions. Cervical adenocarcinoma causes about a quarter of cervical cancers. In contrast to squamous lesions, cervical glandular disease is HPV-negative in about 15-20% of cases. HPV-negative cervical adenocarcinomas typically present in advanced stages at clinical evaluation, resulting in a poorer prognosis. The overall and disease-free survival of glandular lesions is lower than that of squamous lesions. Treatment options require definitive treatments, as fertility-sparing is not recommended. Moreover, the impact of HPV vaccination and primary HPV screening is likely to affect these lesions less; hence, the interest in this challenging topic for clinical practice. An updated review focusing on clinical and molecular characterization, prognostic factors, and therapeutic options may be helpful for properly managing such cervical lesions.
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Smerilli G, Cipolletta E, Sartini G, Moscioni E, Di Cosmo M, Fiorentino MC, Moccia S, Frontoni E, Grassi W, Filippucci E. Development of a convolutional neural network for the identification and the measurement of the median nerve on ultrasound images acquired at carpal tunnel level. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:38. [PMID: 35135598 PMCID: PMC8822696 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deep learning applied to ultrasound (US) can provide a feedback to the sonographer about the correct identification of scanned tissues and allows for faster and standardized measurements. The most frequently adopted parameter for US diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is the increasing of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve. Our aim was to develop a deep learning algorithm, relying on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), for the localization and segmentation of the median nerve and the automatic measurement of its CSA on US images acquired at the proximal inlet of the carpal tunnel. Methods Consecutive patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders were recruited. Transverse US images were acquired at the carpal tunnel inlet, and the CSA was manually measured. Anatomical variants were registered. The dataset consisted of 246 images (157 for training, 40 for validation, and 49 for testing) from 103 patients each associated with manual annotations of the nerve boundary. A Mask R-CNN, state-of-the-art CNN for image semantic segmentation, was trained on this dataset to accurately localize and segment the median nerve section. To evaluate the performances on the testing set, precision (Prec), recall (Rec), mean average precision (mAP), and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) were computed. A sub-analysis excluding anatomical variants was performed. The CSA was automatically measured by the algorithm. Results The algorithm correctly identified the median nerve in 41/49 images (83.7%) and in 41/43 images (95.3%) excluding anatomical variants. The following metrics were obtained (with and without anatomical variants, respectively): Prec 0.86 ± 0.33 and 0.96 ± 0.18, Rec 0.88 ± 0.33 and 0.98 ± 0.15, mAP 0.88 ± 0.33 and 0.98 ± 0.15, and DSC 0.86 ± 0.19 and 0.88 ± 0.19. The agreement between the algorithm and the sonographer CSA measurements was excellent [ICC 0.97 (0.94–0.98)]. Conclusions The developed algorithm has shown excellent performances, especially if excluding anatomical variants. Future research should aim at expanding the US image dataset including a wider spectrum of normal anatomy and pathology. This deep learning approach has shown very high potentiality for a fully automatic support for US assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Smerilli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, "Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Cipolletta
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, "Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Sartini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, "Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erica Moscioni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, "Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Di Cosmo
- Department of Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Sara Moccia
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Frontoni
- Department of Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Walter Grassi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, "Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emilio Filippucci
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, "Carlo Urbani" Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 25, 60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
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Cosmo MD, Chiara Fiorentino M, Villani FP, Sartini G, Smerilli G, Filippucci E, Frontoni E, Moccia S. Learning-Based Median Nerve Segmentation From Ultrasound Images For Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Evaluation. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:3025-3028. [PMID: 34891881 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9631057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy. Ultrasound imaging (US) may help to diagnose and assess CTS, through the evaluation of median nerve morphology. To support sonographers, this paper proposes a fully-automatic deep-learning approach to median nerve segmentation from US images. The approach relies on Mask R-CNN, a convolutional neural network that is trained end-to-end. The segmentation head of Mask R-CNN is here evaluated with three different configurations, with the goal of studying the effect of the segmentation-head output resolution on the overall Mask R-CNN segmentation performance. For this study, we collected and annotated a dataset of 151 images acquired in the actual clinical practice from 53 subjects with CTS. To our knowledge, this is the largest dataset in the field in terms of subjects. We achieved a median Dice similarity coefficient equal to 0.931 (IQR = 0.027), demonstrating the potentiality of the proposed approach. These results are a promising step towards providing an effective tool for CTS assessment in the actual clinical practice.
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Foppiani L, Forzano F, Ceccherini I, Bruno W, Ghiorzo P, Caroli F, Quilici P, Bandelloni R, Arlandini A, Sartini G, Cabria M, Del Monte P. Uncommon association of germline mutations of RET proto-oncogene and CDKN2A gene. Eur J Endocrinol 2008; 158:417-22. [PMID: 18299477 DOI: 10.1530/eje-07-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcitonin measurement is advised in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules, as it is an accurate marker of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). C-cell hyperplasia (CCH)-induced hypercalcitoninemia cannot be distinguished from that induced by MTC, unless surgery is performed. CASE We report the clinical and biological features of a patient with a family history of cancer, including melanoma and pancreatic cancer, who had previously undergone surgery for melanoma. He presented the unusual association of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism, and hypercalcitoninemia with a pathological response to pentagastrin, which was histologically deemed secondary to CCH. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A was diagnosed. RET gene analysis showed a p.V804M missense mutation in exon 14, a low- but variably penetrant defect found in both sporadic and MEN2A-associated MTC/CCH, and a p.G691S polymorphism in exon 11. Furthermore, the germline P48T mutation was found in the CDKN2A gene exon 1, which is known to be associated with melanoma and pancreatic cancer. The patient showed the uncommon coexistence of a germline mutation in two suppressor genes, RET and CDKN2A; this finding, deemed to be a mere coincidence, did not modify the phenotype expected by each single mutation. CCH associated with V804M RET mutation is a precancerous condition and surgery is recommended. In order to exclude MTC, surgery is advised in patients with a pathological calcitonin response to pentagastrin, in the absence of thyroid autoimmunity. CCH-induced hypercalcitoninemia can be associated with thyroid cancers other than MTC (e.g., PTC). Family history is important in scheduling specific genetic screening in high-risk patients and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Foppiani
- Endocrinology Genetics Laboratory, Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genova, Italy.
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Foppiani L, Marugo A, Del Monte P, Sartini G, Bandelloni R, Marugo M, Bernasconi D. Thyroid paraganglioma manifesting as hot toxic nodule. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28:479-80. [PMID: 16075934 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/diagnostic imaging
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/surgery
- Adult
- Aged
- Biopsy, Needle
- Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Radionuclide Imaging
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/secondary
- Thyroid Nodule/pathology
- Thyroidectomy
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Sartini G, Arlandini A, Banderali A, Patrone S, Schenardi C. [Role of echography in the diagnosis of visceral ischemic syndrome]. MINERVA CHIR 1989; 44:1249-51. [PMID: 2668791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Personal experience of the current possibilities of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of visceral ischaemic syndrome is reported.
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Arlandini A, Sartini G, Patrone S, D'Ambrosio G, Bianchini A, Binda GA. [Adenocarcinoma of the appendix. Presentation of a case]. MINERVA CHIR 1988; 43:1083-5. [PMID: 3173721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Sartini G, Schenardi C, Arlandini A, Bianchini A, D'Ambrosio G, Patrone S. [A case of extra-abdominal desmoid fibromatosis]. G Chir 1988; 9:409-11. [PMID: 3155199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Sartini G, Patrone S, Arlandini A, Bianchini A, Binda GA, D'Ambrosio G. [Intramural diverticulosis of the gallbladder]. Chir Ital 1987; 39:303-11. [PMID: 3115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors report on 9 cases of acalculous adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder, selected to Arianoff's classification. The clinical, anatomopathological and radiological data are considered: there isn't difference concerning the clinical symptoms between adenomyomatosis and cholelithiasis; only radiological study may clarify the nature and character of these lesions. The authors conclude stressing the importance of surgical therapy because the medical therapy is only symptomatic and does not modify the natural evolution of the disease and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sartini
- E.O. Ospedali Galliera-Genova, II Divisione di Chirurgia Generale
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D'Ambrosio G, Sartini G, Anselmi L, Bianchini A, Arlandini A. [Acute abdomen caused by retroperitoneal hemangiopericytoma (indications of a clinical case)]. Chir Ital 1985; 37:533-8. [PMID: 4092312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a case of acute abdomen due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage in a patient suffering from perirenal hemangiopericytoma. They emphasize the rareness of such clinical picture and the difficulties involved in the radical surgical extirpation.
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Binda GA, Sartini G, Arlandini A, Bianchini A, D'Ambrosio G. [Lephetamine in the treatment of postoperative pain]. Clin Ter 1984; 111:545-7. [PMID: 6525814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zanetti PP, Gagna G, Sartini G, Arlandini A, Pesce GL, Comes P. [Acute postoperative pancreatitis. Apropos of 4 cases]. MINERVA CHIR 1983; 38:1191-5. [PMID: 6633907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sartini G, Arlandini A, Zanetti PP. [Atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis. Report of a personal case]. Arch Sci Med (Torino) 1983; 140:349-351. [PMID: 6675594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A cause of cutaneou leishmaniosis is reported in which the similarities with ordinary dermatoses made differential diagnosis rather difficult. The patient's provenance from a endemic area and the exposed location of the lesions indicated leishmaniosis but conclusive diagnosis was only confirmed when the parasite was found in the lesion.
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Zanetti PP, Gagna G, Sartini G, Arlandini A, Pesce GL, Comes P. [Delayed intestinal cannulation in the postoperative period]. Arch Sci Med (Torino) 1983; 140:303-305. [PMID: 6675588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
550 patients given abdominal or extra-abdominal surgery in the first six months of 1980 were examined to provide data on the incidence of delayed postoperative canalisation. Both general (sex, age, physical constitution) and surgical (extent of surgery, whether the peritoneal sac was opened) factors were considered. The data collected provide information on the prophylaxis and therapy of delayed postoperative canalisation.
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Rebizzo F, Sartini G, Schenardi C. [Hamartoma of the spleen]. Pathologica 1982; 74:123-9. [PMID: 7088593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Sartini G, D'Ambrosio G, Schenardi C, Bianchini A, Arlandini A. [Cancer of the thyroid. A critical review of the authors' personal experience]. MINERVA CHIR 1981; 36:1553-7. [PMID: 7322390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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D'Ambrosio G, Sartini G, Arlandini A, Claudiani F. [Bleeding Meckel's diverticulum. Apropos of a case diagnosed by scintigraphy]. MINERVA CHIR 1980; 35:491-4. [PMID: 6966382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal imaging after intravenous injection of 99m Tc pertechnetate is a simple diagnostic procedure to show ectopic gastric mucosa. A case of Meckel's diverticulum show by Technectium scanning is described. It is concluded that abdominal imaging is useful in the preoperative investigations for rectal bleeding.
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Claudiani F, D'Ambrosio G, Scopinaro G, Bertolazzi L, Sartini G, Sanguineti M. [The contribution of phleboscintiscanning with albumin macroaggregates labeled with 99mTc to the diagnosis of thrombosis of the lower limbs]. Minerva Cardioangiol 1980; 28:25-32. [PMID: 7366852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Claudiani F, Conzi GF, Bertolazzi L, Scopinaro G, Sartini G, D'Ambrosio G. [Studies of the peripheral circulation using tracers. Simultaneous examination of the lower extremities under basal conditions and during induced vasodilatation]. Minerva Cardioangiol 1978; 26:833-40. [PMID: 740240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Piersantelli N, Guida B, D'Ambrosio G, Sartini G. [Scroto-perineal gas gangrene. Etiopathogenetic aspects and therapeutic prospects]. Minerva Med 1978; 69:445-53. [PMID: 634496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A case of scrotoperineal gas gangrene is presented. This condition is discussed as an expression of anaerobic infection and both old and new views as to its aetiopathogenesis are described. Treatment has been potentiated by the introduction of clindamycin and other particularly active drugs. It is felt that cultures should be directed to the detection of both anaerobic and aerobic germs, since the former have shown a recent tendency to reappear as causes of infection.
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Bianchini A, D'Ambrosio G, Sartini G. [2 cases of biliary ileus]. Pathologica 1977; 69:641-6. [PMID: 609483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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