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Ballard T, Evans NJ, Fisher G, Sewell DK. Using mixture modeling to examine differences in perceptual decision-making as a function of the time and method of participant recruitment. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:2194-2212. [PMID: 37466756 PMCID: PMC10991063 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We examine whether perceptual decision-making differs as a function of the time in the academic term and whether the participant is an undergraduate participating for course credit, a paid in-person participant, or a paid online participant recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. We use a mixture modeling approach within an evidence accumulation framework that separates stimulus-driven responses from contaminant responses, allowing us to distinguish between performance when a participant is engaged in the task and the consistency in this task focus. We first report a survey showing cognitive psychologists expect performance and response caution to be lower among undergraduate participants recruited at the end of the academic term compared to those recruited near the start, and highest among paid in-person participants. The findings from two experiments using common paradigms revealed very little evidence of time-of-semester effects among course credit participants on accuracy, response time, efficiency of information processing (when engaged in the task), caution, and non-decision time, or consistency in task focus. However, paid in-person participants did tend to be more accurate than the other two groups. Groups showed similar effects of speed/accuracy emphasis on response caution and of discrimination difficulty on information processing efficiency, but the effect of speed/accuracy emphasis on information processing efficiency was less consistent among groups. We conclude that online crowdsourcing platforms can provide quality perceptual decision-making data, but recommend that mixture modeling be used to adequately account for data generated by processes other than the psychological phenomena under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina Fisher
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Prguda E, Evans J, McLeay S, Romaniuk M, Phelps AJ, Lewis K, Brown K, Fisher G, Lowrie F, Saunders-Dow E, Dwyer M. Posttraumatic sleep disturbances in veterans: A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and imagery rehearsal therapy. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:2493-2514. [PMID: 37392411 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with sleep disturbances including insomnia and nightmares. This study compared cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with CBT-I combined with imagery rehearsal therapy (IRT) for nightmares to evaluate if the combined treatment led to greater reductions in trauma-related sleep disturbances in Australian veterans. METHODS Veterans with diagnosed PTSD, high insomnia symptom severity, and nightmares (N = 31) were randomized to eight group CBT-I sessions or eight group CBT-I + IRT sessions. Self-reported sleep, nightmare, and psychological measures (primary outcome: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and objective actigraphy data were collected; the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk on treatment outcomes was also examined. RESULTS No treatment condition effects were detected for the combined treatment compared to CBT-I alone, and no moderating effect of OSA risk was detected. On average, participants from both groups improved on various self-report measures over time (baseline to 3 months posttreatment). Despite the improvements, mean scores for sleep-specific measures remained indicative of poor sleep quality. There were also no significant differences between the groups on the actigraphy indices. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that there is potential to optimize both treatments for veterans with trauma-related sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Prguda
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justine Evans
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah McLeay
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madeline Romaniuk
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea J Phelps
- Department of Psychiatry, Phoenix Australia-Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerri Lewis
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly Brown
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gina Fisher
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fraser Lowrie
- Sleep Care, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Miriam Dwyer
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Romaniuk M, Fisher G, Sunderland M, Batterham PJ. Development and psychometric evaluation of the mental readiness for military transition scale (MT-Ready). BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:575. [PMID: 37553664 PMCID: PMC10410831 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition to civilian life following separation from military service is associated with increased risk of mental health disorders, suicide, and poor adjustment. No measure currently enables pre-separation screening to assess mental readiness for transition and identify personnel most at risk of poor outcomes. The Mental Readiness for Military Transition Scale (MT-Ready) was developed to identify psychosocial factors predictive of post-separation psychological adjustment and mental health. METHODS Phase I was a qualitative study including transitioned veterans (n = 60), partners of transitioned veterans (n = 20) and mental health clinicians (n = 20) which enabled development of candidate items that were subsequently piloted with a current serving Australian Defence Force (ADF) sample (n = 19). Phase II included evaluation of the factor structure, psychometric properties, and scale refinement of the initial pool of 50 items with a convenience sample of transitioning ADF personnel (n = 345). Analyses included exploratory factor analysis, evaluation of test-retest reliability, internal consistency, convergent, divergent, discriminant and predictive validity. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis was also conducted to determine an optimal cut-off score. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 15-item, three-factor solution that explained 62.2% of the variance: Future focus and optimism; Anger and perceived failure; Civilian connections and social support. Reliability and convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity was established. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis determined a cut-off score of 55. MT-Ready scores significantly differentiated those reporting adjusting versus not adjusting to civilian life 3.7 months post-separation, and predicted post-separation outcomes including symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, depression, anxiety, psychological adjustment and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS This evaluation provides promising evidence the MT-Ready is a valid, reliable measure of mental readiness for transition, with predictive capability and considerable potential to assist prevention of poor post-separation outcomes among military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Romaniuk
- Greenslopes Private Hospital, Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, 121 Newdegate Street, 4120, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Gina Fisher
- Greenslopes Private Hospital, Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, 121 Newdegate Street, 4120, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental health and Substance use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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4
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Gianoukakis A, Arnold S, Kahn S, Taylor M, Garralda E, Krebs M, Arkenau HT, Clark L, Fisher G, Subbiah V. 82TiP A modular, open-label, phase I/II study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of EP0031, a next generation selective RET inhibitor, in patients with advanced RET-altered malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Romaniuk M, Hampton S, Brown K, Fisher G, Steindl SR, Kidd C, Kirby JN. Compassionate mind training for ex-service personnel with PTSD and their partners. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023. [PMID: 36639932 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant issue for a substantial proportion of Australian ex-service personnel. In addition to the functional impact on individuals, PTSD can have a significant impact on intimate partner relationships. Research has demonstrated that practicing compassion and self-compassion may be an important component of psychological therapy for survivors of trauma, while also demonstrating benefits to intimate relationships. This pilot study aimed to investigate the utility of a Compassionate Mind Training intervention for ex-service personnel with PTSD and their partners. An uncontrolled, within-subjects, longitudinal design was utilized with assessment at pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. Twenty-four participants attended 12 biweekly group sessions. Self-report measures of compassion, quality of life and psychological symptoms were administered at each time point. Findings demonstrated a significant reduction in fears of compassion and PTSD symptoms for ex-service personnel at 3-month follow-up and a reduction in depressive symptoms and increase in quality-of-life and social safeness at post-intervention. Additionally, significant reductions in anxiety, stress, external shame and self-criticism at 3-month follow-up were found, and couples reported significant increases in relationship satisfaction. Findings from this pilot study demonstrate promising outcomes, warranting further investigation in a larger randomized controlled trial of Compassionate Mind Training for ex-service personnel and their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Romaniuk
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sarah Hampton
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly Brown
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gina Fisher
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stanley R Steindl
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chloe Kidd
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James N Kirby
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Romaniuk M, Xia Y, Fisher G, Pannek K, Fripp J, Evans J, Rose S. The relationship between chronic PTSD, cortical volumetry and white matter microstructure among Australian combat veterans. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:50. [PMID: 36114591 PMCID: PMC9482182 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with volumetric and white matter microstructural changes among general and veteran populations. However, regions implicated have greatly varied and often conflict between studies, potentially due to confounding comorbidities within samples. This study compared grey matter volume and white matter microstructure among Australian combat veterans with and without a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD, in a homogenous sample assessed for known confounding comorbidities. METHODS Sixty-eight male trauma-exposed veterans (16 PTSD-diagnosed; mean age 69 years) completed a battery of psychometric assessments and underwent magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging. Analyses included tract-based spatial statistics, voxel-wise analyses, diffusion connectome-based group-wise analysis, and volumetric analysis. RESULTS Significantly smaller grey matter volumes were observed in the left prefrontal cortex (P = 0.026), bilateral middle frontal gyrus (P = 0.021), and left anterior insula (P = 0.048) in the PTSD group compared to controls. Significant negative correlations were found between PTSD symptom severity and fractional anisotropy values in the left corticospinal tract (R2 = 0.34, P = 0.024) and left inferior cerebellar peduncle (R2 = 0.62, P = 0.016). No connectome-based differences in white matter properties were observed. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study reinforce reports of white matter alterations, as indicated by reduced fractional anisotropy values, in relation to PTSD symptom severity, as well as patterns of reduced volume in the prefrontal cortex. These results contribute to the developing profile of neuroanatomical differences uniquely attributable to veterans who suffer from chronic PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Romaniuk
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, 4120, Australia. .,Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, 4067, Australia.
| | - Ying Xia
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, Australia
| | - Gina Fisher
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, 4120, Australia
| | - Kerstin Pannek
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, Australia
| | - Justine Evans
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, 4120, Australia
| | - Stephen Rose
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, Australia
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Bearne L, Volkmer B, Dhouri A, Farran D, Fisher G, Galea Holmes M, Modarai B, Patel S, Peacock J, Sackley C, Weinman J, Bieles J. A physiotherapist-led, home-based walking intervention for peripheral arterial disease: MOtivating Structured walking Activity for Intermittent Claudication (MOSAIC) randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Bieles J, Volkmer B, Holmes MG, Duvnjak S, Fisher G, Keane R, Modarai B, Peacock J, Weinman J, Sackley C, Bearne L. The impact of the motivating structured walking activity for intermittent claudication training for physiotherapists on therapeutic empathy and motivational interviewing. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Romaniuk M, Fisher G, Kidd C, Batterham PJ. Assessing psychological adjustment and cultural reintegration after military service: development and psychometric evaluation of the post-separation Military-Civilian Adjustment and Reintegration Measure (M-CARM). BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:531. [PMID: 33167907 PMCID: PMC7654614 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition out of military service and subsequent reintegration to civilian life has been established as a period associated with an increased risk of psychological adjustment difficulties, psychiatric disorders and suicide risk, yet no tool exists to measure cultural and psychological adjustment following permanent separation from the military. This study describes the two-phase mixed-methods development and validation of the self-report Military-Civilian Adjustment and Reintegration Measure (M-CARM). METHODS In Phase I, four focus groups (n = 20) and semi-structured one-on-one interviews (n = 80) enabled thematic analysis and generation of 53 initial items that were reviewed by an expert multidisciplinary panel (n = 12) and piloted for clarity and relevance in an Australian service-veteran sample (n = 11). In Phase II, psychometric properties of the 47 items resulting from Phase I were evaluated with online assessment of a convenience sample of transitioned Australian Defence Force veterans (n = 725). Analyses included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as evaluation of test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and convergent, divergent and discriminant validity. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis on a randomized split-half sample (n = 357), resulted in a 21-item, five-factor solution of Purpose and Connection, Help seeking, Beliefs about civilians, Resentment and regret, and Regimentation, explaining 53.22% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (n = 368) verified this factor structure without modification (χ2 = 304.96, df = 160; CFI = .96, TLI = .94, NFI = .91, RMSEA = .05). Strong convergent, divergent and discriminant validity was demonstrated as M-CARM scores significantly correlated with related constructs assessed by standardised clinical measures as well as differentiated groups based on three binary reintegration items, with large effect sizes (d = > 1). Strong test-retest reliability for the total score (n = 186, r = .93) and excellent internal consistency (n = 725, a = .90) were also found. CONCLUSIONS Results provide promising evidence the M-CARM is a valid, reliable measure of psychological and cultural reintegration to civilian life, with potential for considerable clinical and research application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Romaniuk
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. .,Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Institute of Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia. .,Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Gina Fisher
- grid.413313.70000 0004 0406 7034Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chloe Kidd
- grid.413313.70000 0004 0406 7034Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip J. Batterham
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Chen D, Barsoumian H, Fisher G, Yang L, Vellano C, Marszalek J, Davies M, Cortez M, Welsh J. Combination Treatment With Radiotherapy And A Novel Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitor Overcomes PD-1 Resistance And Enhances Antitumor Immunity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Forrester S, Fisher G, Chieng CY, Rogers SN. Oral and maxillofacial dental care professionals in critical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:117-120. [PMID: 33218695 PMCID: PMC7446613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
At the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic there was a ‘call to arms’ across the oral and maxillofacial staff. This article reports on the extended role of the department's dental care professionals (DCPs) and the tremendous opportunity and value that temporary redeployment presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Forrester
- Dental Nurse, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics Department, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - G Fisher
- Dental Hygienist, DipDHE, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontics Department, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - C Y Chieng
- Dental Core Trainee, BDS, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK.
| | - S N Rogers
- Consultant in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, FRCS (OMFS) MD, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP and Liverpool Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Liverpool University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK.
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Fisher G, Smith RD, Saridogan E, Vashisht A, Allen S, Arumuham V, Cutner A. Case selection for urological input in planned laparoscopic rectovaginal endometriosis surgery. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2019; 11:111-117. [PMID: 31824632 PMCID: PMC6897523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery for deep endometriosis often requires input from urological surgeons. This study aims to determine pre-operative and intra-operative factors that influence the need for urological input in laparoscopic resection of rectovaginal endometriosis and to assess the usefulness of a scoring system to predict this. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 230 patients undergoing laparoscopic excision of deep endometriosis, at a tertiary referral centre for endometriosis in London UK, 2011 to 2015. Data from pre-operative assessment, surgery and post-operative follow up were analysed and patients were categorised according to their pre-operative and intra-operative risk factors. The primary outcome measure was the requirement of intra-operative input by urological surgeons. RESULTS The median age was 35 years. In addition to the excision of endometriosis, 19.6% patients (45 patients) underwent hysterectomy, 14.8% (34 patients) required JJ stent placement, 6.1% (14 patients) had bowel resections and 2.6% (6 patients) required an ileostomy. 93.9% (216 patients) were considered normal-risk pre-operatively, of whom 89.4% (193/216) did not require any intra-operative urological input. 10.6% of this normal-risk group (23/216) required JJ stents, of whom 69.6% (16/23) also required a hysterectomy or bowel resection. Post operative complications occurred in 0.9% (2/216) of normal-risk patients, with none having required intra-operative urological reconstruction.Six percent (14 patients) were deemed to be increased-risk pre-operatively, of whom 78.6% (11/14) required JJ stent insertion. Thirty-six percent of increased-risk patients (5/14) had pre-operative renal dysfunction demonstrated on MAG3/DMSA and 80.0% of these (4/5) required intra-operative ureteric reconstruction. CONCLUSIONS Patients considered normal-risk pre-operatively, planned for excision, without hysterectomy or bowel resection, can be safely managed without specific urology input. Patients with risk-features are highly likely to require urological input, particularly for JJ stent insertion. Patients with pre-operative renal dysfunction, demonstrated on MAG3/DMSA, have a high chance of requiring intra-operative ureteric reconstruction and are best managed with pre-planned reconstructive urologist input.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fisher
- Endometriosis Unit, Department of Women’s Health, University College Hospital London, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - RD Smith
- Department of Endoluminal Endourology, Institute of Urology, University College Hospital
London, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, United Kingdom
| | - E Saridogan
- Endometriosis Unit, Department of Women’s Health, University College Hospital London, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - A Vashisht
- Endometriosis Unit, Department of Women’s Health, University College Hospital London, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - S Allen
- Department of Endoluminal Endourology, Institute of Urology, University College Hospital
London, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, United Kingdom
| | - V Arumuham
- Department of Endoluminal Endourology, Institute of Urology, University College Hospital
London, 16-18 Westmoreland Street, London, W1G 8PH, United Kingdom
| | - A Cutner
- Endometriosis Unit, Department of Women’s Health, University College Hospital London, 235 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
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Rand J, Fisher G, Lamb K, Hayward A. Public Opinions on Strategies for Managing Stray Cats and Predictors of Opposition to Trap-Neuter and Return in Brisbane, Australia. Front Vet Sci 2019; 5:290. [PMID: 30834249 PMCID: PMC6387915 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of Brisbane residents was undertaken to investigate community attitudes toward urban stray cats and their management. Surveys were distributed to 84 medical and dental practices across Brisbane City, and were completed by 305 patients and staff. Practices were targeted to achieve a sample of respondents from a representative distribution of socioeconomic backgrounds. After being informed about trap, neuter, and return (TNR) programs for management of urban stray cats, most respondents (79%), chose TNR as their preferred management strategy, while a lesser proportion (18%) expressed a preference to continue the current Brisbane City Council lethal control program (catching and culling ~1,000 cats annually), and 3.4% selected to leave the cats alone. Differences in beliefs and attitudes toward urban stray cats as a function of demographic variables were investigated. Statistical analyses indicated that respondents who were male, older, non-cat owners, those who believed euthanasia of stray cats was humane, and that urban stray cats spread disease to humans were significantly more likely to express a preference for lethal control, as opposed to non-lethal population management. Based on these findings, we recommend that information is disseminated to mitigate these concerns or negative beliefs, where warranted. Ultimately, findings from this study demonstrate that current Queensland legislation does not reflect public views and opinions on stray cat management and should be reviewed. Formal research evaluating the efficacy of TNR programs for urban stray cats in Australia would be in the public interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquie Rand
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Pet Welfare Foundation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gina Fisher
- Australian Pet Welfare Foundation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Lamb
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrea Hayward
- Australian Pet Welfare Foundation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Neal CA, Brantley SR, Antolik L, Babb JL, Burgess M, Calles K, Cappos M, Chang JC, Conway S, Desmither L, Dotray P, Elias T, Fukunaga P, Fuke S, Johanson IA, Kamibayashi K, Kauahikaua J, Lee RL, Pekalib S, Miklius A, Million W, Moniz CJ, Nadeau PA, Okubo P, Parcheta C, Patrick MR, Shiro B, Swanson DA, Tollett W, Trusdell F, Younger EF, Zoeller MH, Montgomery-Brown EK, Anderson KR, Poland MP, Ball JL, Bard J, Coombs M, Dietterich HR, Kern C, Thelen WA, Cervelli PF, Orr T, Houghton BF, Gansecki C, Hazlett R, Lundgren P, Diefenbach AK, Lerner AH, Waite G, Kelly P, Clor L, Werner C, Mulliken K, Fisher G, Damby D. The 2018 rift eruption and summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano. Science 2018; 363:367-374. [PMID: 30538164 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav7046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, Kīlauea Volcano experienced its largest lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption and caldera collapse in at least 200 years. After collapse of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 kilometers. A 4 May earthquake [moment magnitude (M w) 6.9] produced ~5 meters of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 cubic meters per second, eventually covering 35.5 square kilometers. The summit magma system partially drained, producing minor explosions and near-daily collapses releasing energy equivalent to M w 4.7 to 5.4 earthquakes. Activity declined rapidly on 4 August. Summit collapse and lava flow volume estimates are roughly equivalent-about 0.8 cubic kilometers. Careful historical observation and monitoring of Kīlauea enabled successful forecasting of hazardous events.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Neal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA.
| | - S R Brantley
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - L Antolik
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - J L Babb
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M Burgess
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - K Calles
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M Cappos
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - J C Chang
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - S Conway
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - L Desmither
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P Dotray
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - T Elias
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P Fukunaga
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - S Fuke
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - I A Johanson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - K Kamibayashi
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - J Kauahikaua
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - R L Lee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - S Pekalib
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - A Miklius
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - W Million
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - C J Moniz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P A Nadeau
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - P Okubo
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - C Parcheta
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M R Patrick
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - B Shiro
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - D A Swanson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - W Tollett
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - F Trusdell
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - E F Younger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 51 Crater Rim Dr., Hawai'i National Park, Hawaii, HI 96718, USA
| | - M H Zoeller
- Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - E K Montgomery-Brown
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - K R Anderson
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M P Poland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - J L Ball
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J Bard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - M Coombs
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - H R Dietterich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - C Kern
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - W A Thelen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - P F Cervelli
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - T Orr
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4230 University Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - B F Houghton
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 1680 East-West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - C Gansecki
- Geology Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - R Hazlett
- Geology Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kāwili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - P Lundgren
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - A K Diefenbach
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - A H Lerner
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, 100 Cascades Hall, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - G Waite
- Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 630 Dow Environmental Sciences, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - P Kelly
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - L Clor
- U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, 1300 SE Cardinal Ct., Suite 100, Vancouver, WA 98683-9589, USA
| | - C Werner
- U.S. Geological Survey Contractor, 392 Tukapa St., RD1, New Plymouth 4371, New Zealand
| | - K Mulliken
- State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 3354 College Rd., Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA
| | - G Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Civil Applications Center, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., MS-562, Reston, VA 20192, USA
| | - D Damby
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fisher
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - M F Steger
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - A Sonnega
- Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - L H Ryan
- Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Graham K, Fisher G, Davalos D. VOLUNTEERISM IN OLDER ADULTHOOD: UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH WELL-BEING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fisher G, Guerra W, Day C, Montagut C. Optimizing the use of EGFR antibodies across the continuum of care in mCRC: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fisher G, Guerra W, Day C, Ducreux M. Treatment based on tumor sidedness in mCRC: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bekaii-Saab T, Marcello K, Fisher G, Kopetz S, Strickler J, Venook A, Obholz K. Variability of current global practice patterns in the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fisher G, Middleton D, Day C, Harbeck N. Application of CDK4/6 inhibitors in advanced breast cancer: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Fisher G, Middleton D, Day C, Andre F. Predictive biomarkers for CDK4/6 inhibitors: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fisher G, Middleton D, Day C, Di Leo A. Management of HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer with CDK4/6 inhibitors: Effect of online education on clinician knowledge, competence and confidence. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hochfellner D, Gutierrez I, Fisher G. INDIVIDUAL, EMPLOYER, AND JOB-RELATED INFLUENCES ON LATE WORK CAREERS OUTCOMES AND WORK ABILITY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fader A, Diaz L, Armstrong D, Tanner E, Uram J, Eyring A, Wang H, Fisher G, Greten T, Le D. Preliminary results of a phase II study: PD-1 blockade in mismatch repair–deficient, recurrent or persistent endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Wang F, Calderone K, Smith N, Do T, Kang S, Voorhees J, Fisher G. 268 Enhanced dermal mechanical support rapidly stimulates fibroblasts and stable accumulation of collagen bundles in photoaged human skin. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rittié L, Farr E, Orringer J, Voorhees J, Fisher G. 296 Reduced sweat gland contribution and cell cohesion delay wound closure in elderly skin. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang P, Sun M, Xu Y, Xu Y, Voorhees J, Fisher G, Li Y. 267 Once weekly topical all-trans retinol restores type I collagen synthesis in photoaged forearm skin within 4 weeks: A protocol for evaluating anti-aging topical agents. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.02.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cuzick J, Stone S, Fisher G, Yang ZH, North BV, Berney DM, Beltran L, Greenberg D, Møller H, Reid JE, Gutin A, Lanchbury JS, Brawer M, Scardino P. Validation of an RNA cell cycle progression score for predicting death from prostate cancer in a conservatively managed needle biopsy cohort. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:382-9. [PMID: 26103570 PMCID: PMC4522632 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of prostate cancer is highly variable and difficult to predict accurately. Better markers are needed to guide management and avoid unnecessary treatment. In this study, we validate the prognostic value of a cell cycle progression score (CCP score) independently and in a prespecified linear combination with standard clinical variables, that is, a clinical-cell-cycle-risk (CCR) score. METHODS Paraffin sections from 761 men with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed by needle biopsy and managed conservatively in the United Kingdom, mostly between 2000 and 2003. The primary end point was prostate cancer death. Clinical variables consisted of centrally reviewed Gleason score, baseline PSA level, age, clinical stage, and extent of disease; these were combined into a single predefined risk assessment (CAPRA) score. Full data were available for 585 men who formed a fully independent validation cohort. RESULTS In univariate analysis, the CCP score hazard ratio was 2.08 (95% CI (1.76, 2.46), P<10(-13)) for one unit change of the score. In multivariate analysis including CAPRA, the CCP score hazard ratio was 1.76 (95% CI (1.44, 2.14), P<10(-6)). The predefined CCR score was highly predictive, hazard ratio 2.17 (95% CI (1.83, 2.57), χ(2)=89.0, P<10(-20)) and captured virtually all available prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS The CCP score provides significant pretreatment prognostic information that cannot be provided by clinical variables and is useful for determining which patients can be safely managed conservatively, avoiding radical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cuzick
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - S Stone
- Myriad Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - G Fisher
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Z H Yang
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - B V North
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - D M Berney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - L Beltran
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - D Greenberg
- National Cancer Registration Service (Eastern Office), Public Health England, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Møller
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J E Reid
- Myriad Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Gutin
- Myriad Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - M Brawer
- Myriad Genetics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Scardino
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Carter C, Reid T, Fisher G, Cho-Phan C, Kunz P, Kaiser H, Oronsky B, Fanger G, Caroen S, Parker C, Scicinski J. Early Results: “ROCKET” a phase II Study of RRx-001, a novel triple epigenetic inhibitor, Resensitization to Irinotecan in Colorectal Cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv081.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Cuzick J, Stone S, Fisher G, North B, Berney D, Beltran L, Greenberg D, Moller H, Reid J, Gutin A, Lanchbury J, Brawer M, Scardino P. Combined Analysis of an Rna Cell Cycle Progression (Ccp) Score for Predicting Prostate Cancer Death in Two Conservatively Managed Needle Biopsy Cohorts. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu336.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Merson S, Yang ZH, Brewer D, Olmos D, Eichholz A, McCarthy F, Fisher G, Kovacs G, Berney DM, Foster CS, Møller H, Scardino P, Cuzick J, Cooper CS, Clark JP. Focal amplification of the androgen receptor gene in hormone-naive human prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1655-62. [PMID: 24481405 PMCID: PMC3960602 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR)-gene amplification, found in 20-30% of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPCa) is proposed to develop as a consequence of hormone-deprivation therapy and be a prime cause of treatment failure. Here we investigate AR-gene amplification in cancers before hormone deprivation therapy. METHODS A tissue microarray (TMA) series of 596 hormone-naive prostate cancers (HNPCas) was screened for chromosome X and AR-gene locus-specific copy number alterations using four-colour fluorescence in situ hybridisation. RESULTS Both high level gain in chromosome X (≥4 fold; n=4, 0.7%) and locus-specific amplification of the AR-gene (n=6, 1%) were detected at low frequencies in HNPCa TMAs. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation mapping whole sections taken from the original HNPCa specimen blocks demonstrated that AR-gene amplifications exist in small foci of cells (≤ 600 nm, ≤1% of tumour volume). Patients with AR gene-locus-specific copy number gains had poorer prostate cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSION Small clonal foci of cancer containing high level gain of the androgen receptor (AR)-gene develop before hormone deprivation therapy. Their small size makes detection by TMA inefficient and suggests a higher prevalence than that reported herein. It is hypothesised that a large proportion of AR-amplified CRPCa could pre-date hormone deprivation therapy and that these patients would potentially benefit from early total androgen ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Merson
- Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Surrey, UK
| | - Z H Yang
- The Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Medical School, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - D Brewer
- 1] Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Surrey, UK [2] Department of Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - D Olmos
- Prostate Cancer Research, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Eichholz
- Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Surrey, UK
| | - F McCarthy
- Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Surrey, UK
| | - G Fisher
- The Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Medical School, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - G Kovacs
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Medical Faculty, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D M Berney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - C S Foster
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK and HCA Laboratories, London, UK
| | - H Møller
- 1] The Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Medical School, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK [2] King's College London, Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - P Scardino
- Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Cuzick
- The Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's Medical School, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - C S Cooper
- Department of Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - J P Clark
- Department of Cancer Genetics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Molugu C, Fisher G, Hirons B, Hughes D, Raftery S. P151 V-DimERS Study - Value of D-Dimers in Estimating Risk of Significant Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis: Abstract P151 Table 1. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Spooner B, Fisher G. Peri-operative fitness: a question of stamina? Anaesthesia 2013; 68:1280-1. [PMID: 24219263 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Krishnan M, Beck S, Cowen O, Hughes M, Havelock W, Eeles E, Hubbard R, Johansen A, Michael A, Teo PJ, Fisher G, Duggan E, Donoghue O, Savva G, Cronin H, Kenny R, Finucane C, Bhutta T, Musarrat K, Lakhani D, Musarrat K, Bhutta T, Kumar M, Bridge D, Patel A, Lakhani D, Marchetti R, Bullman N, Srikusalankul W, Varendran R, Anderson-Ranberg K, Ryg J, Vestergaard S, Eriksen ML, Masud T. Falls, fracture and trauma. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Robinson R, Nelson C, Kisling K, Fisher G, Kirsner S. SU-E-T-334: APBI Contralateral Breast Dose. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Cuzick J, Yang ZH, Fisher G, Tikishvili E, Stone S, Lanchbury JS, Camacho N, Merson S, Brewer D, Cooper CS, Clark J, Berney DM, Møller H, Scardino P, Sangale Z. Prognostic value of PTEN loss in men with conservatively managed localised prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2582-9. [PMID: 23695019 PMCID: PMC3694239 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The natural history of prostate cancer is highly variable and difficult to predict. We report on the prognostic value of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) loss in a cohort of 675 men with conservatively managed prostate cancer diagnosed by transurethral resection of the prostate. Methods: The PTEN status was assayed by immunohistochemistry (PTEN IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (PTEN FISH). The primary end point was death from prostate cancer. Results: The PTEN IHC loss was observed in 18% cases. This was significantly associated with prostate cancer death in univariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR)=3.51; 95% CI 2.60–4.73; P=3.1 × 10−14). It was highly predictive of prostate cancer death in the 50% of patients with a low risk score based on Gleason score, PSA, Ki-67 and extent of disease (HR=7.4; 95% CI 2.2–24.6; P=0.012) ), but had no prognostic value in the higher risk patients. The PTEN FISH loss was only weakly associated with PTEN IHC loss (κ=0.5). Both PTEN FISH loss and amplification were univariately predictive of death from prostate cancer, but this was not maintained in the multivariate analyses. Conclusion: In low-risk patients, PTEN IHC loss adds prognostic value to Gleason score, PSA, Ki-67 and extent of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cuzick
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Ahmad I, Singh LB, Yang ZH, Kalna G, Fleming J, Fisher G, Cooper C, Cuzick J, Berney DM, Møller H, Scardino P, Leung HY. Mir143 expression inversely correlates with nuclear ERK5 immunoreactivity in clinical prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:149-54. [PMID: 23321517 PMCID: PMC3553517 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (MEK5)–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 5 (ERK5)-mediated signalling has been implicated in a number of tumour types including prostate cancer (CaP). The mechanism for ERK5 activation in CaP remains to be fully elucidated. Studies have recently implicated the role of microRNA (miRNA) mir143 expression in the regulation of ERK5 expression. Methods: We utilised a tissue microarray (TMA) of 530 CaP cores from 168 individual patients and stained for both mir143 and ERK5. These TMAs were scored by a combination of observer and automated methods. Results: We observed a strong inverse relation between ERK5 and mir143, which manifested itself most strongly in the subgroup of 417 cores with non-zero mir143 and ERK5 immunoreactivity, or with only one of mir143 or ERK5 being zero (cc=0.2558 and P<0.0001). Mir143 neither correlate with Gleason scores or prostate-specific antigen levels, nor was it a predictor of disease-specific survival on univariate analysis. Conclusion: Although the mechanism for ERK5 activation in CaP remains to be fully elucidated, we have further validated the potential role of mir143 in regulating ERK5 levels in the clinical context. In addition, we demonstrate that the automated counting method for nuclear ERK5 is a clinically useful alterative to observer counting method in patient stratification in the context of ERK5 targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmad
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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Khoshkhahesh F, Siahkuhain M, Fisher G, Nakhostin-Roohi B. Influence of a low-dose cox-2 inhibitor drug on exercise-induced inflammation, muscle damage and lipid peroxidation. Biol Sport 2013; 30:61-5. [PMID: 24744468 PMCID: PMC3944556 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1029824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute low-dose celecoxib administration on exercise-induced inflammation, muscle damage and lipid peroxidation. Twenty healthy untrained males (age: 25.5±4.5 yrs, weight: 72.7±7.9 kg, height: 177.3±7.2 cm) were randomly assigned to treatment (T) or placebo (P) groups. Blood samples were obtained before, immediately after, 3 h after and 24 h after exercise. Subjects ran for 30 min at 75% V.O2 max on a treadmill. Participants consumed 100 mg celecoxib or a placebo immediately after and 12 h after the immediately post-exercise blood sample. Total leukocytes, neutrophils, creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed at each time point. Significant increases in total leukocytes and neutrophils were observed 3 h after exercise in both groups (P < 0.05). CK and CRP levels were significantly increased immediately, 3 h and 24 h after exercise in both groups (P < 0.05). A significant increase in MDA was observed immediately after exercise in both groups (P < 0.05); however, no significant group differences were observed for MDA or CK. These findings suggest that inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase activity with low-dose celecoxib does not affect exercise-induced inflammation, muscle damage, or lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khoshkhahesh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
| | - M Siahkuhain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Mohaghegh-Ardabili, Iran
| | - G Fisher
- Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - B Nakhostin-Roohi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
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Fisher G, Yang ZH, Kudahetti S, Møller H, Scardino P, Cuzick J, Berney DM. Prognostic value of Ki-67 for prostate cancer death in a conservatively managed cohort. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:271-7. [PMID: 23329234 PMCID: PMC3566811 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Standard clinical parameters cannot accurately differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer. Our previous work showed that immunohistochemical (IHC) Ki-67 improved prediction of prostate cancer death in a cohort of conservatively treated clinically localised prostate cancers diagnosed by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Here, we present results in a more clinically relevant needle biopsy cohort. Methods: Biopsy specimens were microarrayed. The percentage of Ki-67 positively stained malignant cells per core was measured and the maximum score per individual used in analysis of time to death from prostate cancer using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: In univariate analysis (n=293), the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals) for dichotomous Ki-67 (⩽10%, >10%) was 3.42 (1.76, 6.62) χ2 (1 df)=9.8, P=0.002. In multivariate analysis, Ki-67 added significant predictive information to that provided by Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen (HR=2.78 (1.42, 5.46), χ2 (1 df)=7.0, P=0.008). Conclusion: The IHC Ki-67 scoring on prostate needle biopsies is practicable and yielded significant prognostic information. It was less informative than in the previous TURP cohort where tumour samples were larger and more comprehensive, but in more contemporary cohorts with larger numbers of biopsies per patient, Ki-67 may prove a more powerful biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fisher
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Staley KG, Fisher G, Brightling CE, Bradding P, Parker D, Gaillard EA. S79 Sputum Inflammatory Cell Profile in Children with Acute Asthma and Following Recovery: Abstract S79 Table 1. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jeetle SS, Fisher G, Yang ZH, Stankiewicz E, Møller H, Cooper CS, Cuzick J, Berney DM. Neuroendocrine differentiation does not have independent prognostic value in conservatively treated prostate cancer. Virchows Arch 2012; 461:103-7. [PMID: 22767265 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies have implicated neuroendocrine differentiation in the development of hormone resistant prostate cancer following administration of androgen blockers. Studies on clinical material are equivocal. We wished to understand the significance of neuroendocrine differentiation in our large and well-characterised cohort of clinically localised prostate cancer, treated conservatively. Immunohistochemical expression of chromogranin-A was assessed semi-quantitatively on tissue samples of 806 patients in a tissue microarray approach. The correlation of expression with 10-year prostate cancer survival was examined. Multivariate analysis including contemporary Gleason score was performed and sub-group analysis of early hormone treated patients was also undertaken. Chromogranin-A expression correlated with high Gleason score (χ(2) = 28.35, p < 0.001) and early prostate cancer death (HR = 1.61, 95 %CI = 1.15-2.27, p < 0.001). In univariate analysis, NE differentiation correlated significantly with outcome (HR = 1.61, 95 % CI 1.15-2.27, p < 0.001) However in multivariate analysis including Gleason score, chromogranin-A expression was not an independent predictor of survival (HR = 0.97, 95 %CI = 0.89-1.37, p = 0.87). Although chromogranin-A expression was higher in patients with early hormone therapy (χ(2) = 7.25, p = 0.007), there was no association with prostate cancer survival in this sub-group (p = 0.083). Determination of neuroendocrine differentiation does not appear to have any bearing on the outcome of prostatic carcinoma and does not add to the established prognostic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Jeetle
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Larson S, Belting T, Rifenbury K, Fisher G, Boutelle SM. Preliminary Findings of Fecal Gonadal Hormone Concentrations in Six Captive Sea Otters(Enhydra lutris) after Deslorelin Implantation. Zoo Biol 2012; 32:307-15. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Larson
- Seattle Aquarium; Seattle; Washington
| | | | | | | | - S. M. Boutelle
- AZA Wildlife Contraception Center; Saint Louis Zoo; St. Louis; Missouri
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Eichholz A, Merson S, Clark J, Brewer D, Flohr P, Yang Z, Cuzick J, Fisher G, Scardino P, Cooper C. PD-0123 ANDROGEN RECEPTOR FISH ASSAY PREDICTS POOR SURVIVAL IN EARLY HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Dixon PM, Parkin TD, Collins N, Hawkes C, Townsend NB, Fisher G, Ealey R, Barakzai SZ. Historical and clinical features of 200 cases of equine sinus disease. Vet Rec 2011; 169:439. [PMID: 21868434 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The historical and clinical findings in 200 referred cases of equine sinus disease were reviewed retrospectively. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to detect significant differences in historical or clinical features between various categories of sinus disease. The causes of sinus disease were classified as subacute primary (less than two months duration) (n=52), chronic primary (more than two months duration) (n=37), dental (n=40), sinus cyst (n=26), traumatic (n=13) or mycotic sinusitis (n=7), sinus neoplasia (n=10), dental-related oromaxillary fistula (n=8) and intrasinus progressive ethmoid haematoma (n=7). The majority of sinus disorders were of chronic duration at the time of referral and most (including 97 per cent of chronic primary sinusitis cases) had not responded to previous antibiotic therapy and/or sinus lavage in some cases. Clinical signs included unilateral nasal discharge in most cases, including purulent or mucopurulent discharge in all horses with primary, dental and mycotic sinusitis. Haemorrhagic nasal discharge was a feature of traumatic sinusitis and intrasinus progressive ethmoid haematomas. Firm facial swellings and nasal airflow obstruction were features of sinus cysts and neoplasms. Ipsilateral lymphadenitis was a more prominent feature of sinus disease with active infections such as primary, dental or mycotic sinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Dixon
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, UK.
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45
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Dixon PM, Parkin TD, Collins N, Hawkes C, Townsend N, Tremaine WH, Fisher G, Ealey R, Barakzai SZ. Equine paranasal sinus disease: a long-term study of 200 cases (1997-2009): ancillary diagnostic findings and involvement of the various sinus compartments. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:267-71. [PMID: 21812807 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There is a lack of objective information on the value of ancillary diagnostic techniques used to investigate equine sinus disease, and also on which sinus compartments are commonly affected in this disorder. OBJECTIVES To record the ancillary diagnostic findings used to investigate equine sinus disease and to document which compartments are affected. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical case records of 200 consecutive cases of sinus disease, including subacute (<2 months' duration) primary (n = 52); chronic (>2 months' duration) primary (n = 37); dental (n = 40); traumatic (n = 13); sinus cyst (n = 26); sinus neoplasia (n = 10); dental related oromaxillary fistula (n = 8); mycotic sinusitis (n = 7) and intra-sinus progressive ethmoid haematoma (n = 7) were retrospectively examined. RESULTS Nasal endoscopy showed exudate draining from the sino-nasal ostia in 88% of cases and a sino-nasal fistula was present in 15% of cases. Sinoscopy was performed in 79% of cases and was of great diagnostic value. More recently, 22% of cases had fenestration of the ventral conchal bulla performed to allow sinoscopy of the rostral sinus compartments. Radiography was performed in 97% of cases and showed intra-sinus fluid lines to be common (69% prevalence) in subacute primary sinusitis. Radiographic dental apical changes were not specific to dental sinusitis, e.g. 29% of chronic primary sinusitis cases had radiographic dental changes. Scintigraphy was performed in 20% of cases and was helpful in identifying dental apical changes when radiography was inconclusive. Overall, the caudal maxillary (78% involvement) and rostral maxillary (61%) sinuses were most commonly affected, with the ventral conchal sinus (VCS) (54% involvement) and conchofrontal sinuses (48%) less so. The VCS showed the greatest tendency to contain inspissated pus (present in 46% of all affected VCS). CONCLUSIONS Nasal endoscopy, sinoscopy and skull radiography are of great value in diagnosing the presence and causes of equine sinus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Dixon
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, Scotland.
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Cuzick JM, Fisher G, Berney D, Mesher D, Møller H, Reid JE, Gutin A, Lanchbury JS, Stone S. Prognostic value of a 46-gene cell cycle progression (CCP) RNA signature for prostate cancer death in a conservatively managed watchful waiting needle biopsy cohort. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing improves the texture of treated skin, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie clinical improvements. OBJECTIVES We sought to examine and quantify the time course and magnitude of dermal matrix changes that occur in response to nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing, with the dual goals of better understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie clinical improvements and of gaining knowledge that will enable evidence-based treatment parameter optimization. METHODS Twenty patients (mean age 58 years) with photodamaged skin were focally treated on dorsal forearms with a nonablative fractionated laser. Serial skin samples were obtained at baseline and at various times after treatment. Biopsies were examined with real-time polymerase chain reaction technology and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS Laser treatment resulted in an initial inflammatory response as indicated by statistically significant induction of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α). This was followed by substantial increases in levels of several matrix metalloproteinases and later by significant induction of type I collagen. Dermal remodelling was noted with both low and high microbeam energy treatment parameters. CONCLUSIONS Nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing induces a well-organized wound-healing response that leads to substantial dermal remodelling and collagen induction. Surprisingly, only minimal differences were observed between lower and higher microbeam energy settings. These data suggest that lower microbeam energy/higher microbeam density treatment parameters, which are generally better tolerated by patients, may yield dermal changes similar to those that result from higher microbeam energy/lower microbeam density treatment parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Orringer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0314, USA.
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Fisher G, Schwartz DD, Quindry J, Barberio MD, Foster EB, Jones KW, Pascoe DD. Lymphocyte enzymatic antioxidant responses to oxidative stress following high-intensity interval exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 110:730-7. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00575.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the immune and oxidative stress responses following high-intensity interval training (HIIT); 2) determine changes in antioxidant enzyme gene expression and enzyme activity in lymphocytes following HIIT; and 3) assess pre-HIIT, 3-h post-HIIT, and 24-h post-HIIT lymphocyte cell viability following hydrogen peroxide exposure in vitro. Eight recreationally active males completed three identical HIIT protocols. Blood samples were obtained at preexercise, immediately postexercise, 3 h postexercise, and 24 h postexercise. Total number of circulating leukocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as lymphocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, gene expression, cell viability (CV), and plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels, were measured. Analytes were compared using a three (day) × four (time) ANOVA with repeated measures on both day and time. The a priori significance level for all analyses was P < 0.05. Significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were observed in lymphocytes following HIIT. No significant increases in lymphocyte SOD, CAT, or GPX gene expression were found. A significant increase in TBARS was found immediately post-HIIT on days 1 and 2. Lymphocyte CV in vitro significantly increased on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in CV at 3 h compared with pre- and 24 h postexercise. These findings indicate lymphocytes respond to oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, HIIT causes oxidative stress but did not induce a significant postexercise lymphocytopenia. Analyses in vitro suggest that lymphocytes may become more resistant to subsequent episodes of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the analysis in vitro confirms that lymphocytes are more vulnerable to cytotoxic molecules during recovery from exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Fisher
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| | - D. D. Schwartz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn; and
| | - J. Quindry
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| | | | - E. B. Foster
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
| | - K. W. Jones
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama
| | - D. D. Pascoe
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn
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Foster EB, Fisher G, Sartin JL, Elsasser TH, Wu G, Cowan W, Pascoe DD. Acute regulation of IGF-I by alterations in post-exercise macronutrients. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1405-16. [PMID: 21293890 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This investigation sought to examine the contributions of exercise and nutrient replenishment on in vivo regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis components. Eight college-aged males completed three high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols followed by three post-exercise nutritional protocols: (1) placebo (EX); (2) carbohydrate only (CHO); and (3) essential amino acid/carbohydrate (EAA/CHO). Samples were analyzed for growth hormone (GH), free IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, insulin, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum leucine, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) proteolytic activity, and presence of IGFBP-3 protease activity. No evidence for IGFBP-3 proteolysis was observed. Significant increases in [free IGF-I] and [leucine] were observed in the EAA/CHO group only. Significant differences were noted in [IGFBP-1] and [IGFBP-2] across conditions. Significant increases in [GH] and MMP-9 activity were observed in all groups. These results indicate that post-exercise macronutrient ratio is a determinant of [free IGF-I], [IGFBP-1 and -2] and may play a role in modulating the IGF-I axis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Foster
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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50
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Ahmed M, Mostafa S, Fisher G, Reynolds TM. Comparison between transcutaneous bilirubinometry and total serum bilirubin measurements in preterm infants <35 weeks gestation. Ann Clin Biochem 2009; 47:72-7. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2009.009072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is a common treatable cause of brain injury. The treatment for this condition is phototherapy. The decision whether to use phototherapy is currently dependent upon serum bilirubin assay results. However, repeated blood sampling is not only traumatic but may also be a cause of anaemia in neonates. We evaluated a transcutaneous bilirubin assay method to determine whether it was suitable for routine use in preterm infants. Methods One hundred and eighty-three transcutaneous bilirubin measurements were taken contemporaneously with blood samples for laboratory measurement of serum bilirubin. The study was carried out with informed parental consent and approval by the local research ethics committee. Results The transcutaneous bilirubin method (Bili Chek®) exhibited a consistent positive bias compared with the laboratory bilirubin assay. Consequently, for a given detection rate, the transcutaneous method had a higher screen positive rate, i.e. more neonates would be given phototherapy if transcutaneous bilirubin results were used to decide. There was a margin of safety in the transcutaneous bilirubin assay calibration. Conclusion The BiliChek transcutaneous bilirubin assay is a safe alternative to laboratory bilirubin assay in deciding whether to give preterm neonates phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmed
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen's Hospital, Burton Upon Trent
| | - S Mostafa
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen's Hospital, Burton Upon Trent
| | - G Fisher
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's Hospital, Burton Upon Trent
| | - T M Reynolds
- Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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