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de Ceglia R, Ledonne A, Litvin DG, Lind BL, Carriero G, Latagliata EC, Bindocci E, Di Castro MA, Savtchouk I, Vitali I, Ranjak A, Congiu M, Canonica T, Wisden W, Harris K, Mameli M, Mercuri N, Telley L, Volterra A. Specialized astrocytes mediate glutamatergic gliotransmission in the CNS. Nature 2023; 622:120-129. [PMID: 37674083 PMCID: PMC10550825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal astrocyte-neuron communications govern brain circuitry assembly and function1. For example, through rapid glutamate release, astrocytes can control excitability, plasticity and synchronous activity2,3 of synaptic networks, while also contributing to their dysregulation in neuropsychiatric conditions4-7. For astrocytes to communicate through fast focal glutamate release, they should possess an apparatus for Ca2+-dependent exocytosis similar to neurons8-10. However, the existence of this mechanism has been questioned11-13 owing to inconsistent data14-17 and a lack of direct supporting evidence. Here we revisited the astrocyte glutamate exocytosis hypothesis by considering the emerging molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes18-21 and using molecular, bioinformatic and imaging approaches, together with cell-specific genetic tools that interfere with glutamate exocytosis in vivo. By analysing existing single-cell RNA-sequencing databases and our patch-seq data, we identified nine molecularly distinct clusters of hippocampal astrocytes, among which we found a notable subpopulation that selectively expressed synaptic-like glutamate-release machinery and localized to discrete hippocampal sites. Using GluSnFR-based glutamate imaging22 in situ and in vivo, we identified a corresponding astrocyte subgroup that responds reliably to astrocyte-selective stimulations with subsecond glutamate release events at spatially precise hotspots, which were suppressed by astrocyte-targeted deletion of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1). Furthermore, deletion of this transporter or its isoform VGLUT2 revealed specific contributions of glutamatergic astrocytes in cortico-hippocampal and nigrostriatal circuits during normal behaviour and pathological processes. By uncovering this atypical subpopulation of specialized astrocytes in the adult brain, we provide insights into the complex roles of astrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) physiology and diseases, and identify a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta de Ceglia
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ada Ledonne
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - David Gregory Litvin
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuro Engineering, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lykke Lind
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giovanni Carriero
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Erika Bindocci
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Iaroslav Savtchouk
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ilaria Vitali
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Ranjak
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Congiu
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tara Canonica
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mameli
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Mercuri
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovic Telley
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Wyss Center for Bio and Neuro Engineering, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Quercioli C, Nisticò F, Troiano G, Maccari M, Messina G, Barducci M, Carriero G, Golinelli D, Nante N. Developing a new predictor of health expenditure: preliminary results from a primary healthcare setting. Public Health 2018; 163:121-127. [PMID: 30142482 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Risk adjustment is a widely used tool for health expenditure prediction and control. Early approaches for estimating health expenditure were based on patient demographic variables alone, whereas more recent models incorporate patient information, such as chronic medical conditions, clinical diagnoses, and self-reported health status. Many studies have investigated the health expenditure predictive capacity of single demographic, morbidity, or health-related quality of life measures, but the best models prove to be those that include them all. The aim of this study was to develop an index that combines measures of perceived health and disease severity and to compare its efficacy in predicting health expenditure with that of the measures taken individually. STUDY DESIGN This is a linked cross-sectional study. METHODS In 2009 and 2010, the health-related quality of life questionnaire SF-36 (8 scales, two indices: Physical Component Summary [PCS] and Mental Component Summary [MCS]) was distributed to 886 patients of general practitioners in the Province of Siena, Italy. Severity of diseases was calculated for each patient using the Charlson Index (CH-I) and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale Severity Index (CIRS-SI). Siena Local Health Unit 2012 data on health expenditure were obtained for each patient. Multivariate linear regression was applied to test the performance of severity (CH-I, CIRS-SI) and perceived health (PCS and MCS) measures in predicting health expenditure. The indexes that predicted health expenditure best were then combined in a new tool, and its expenditure predictive capacity was tested. RESULTS The best health expenditure predictors proved to be PCS and SI (R2 = 0.15 and R2 = 0.17, respectively). When combined in a new index (PCS-SI), better predictive capacity of health expenditure was obtained than with the two single measures separately (R2 = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS A multidimensional indicator proved to be a better predictor of healthcare expenditure than single health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quercioli
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy; Healthcare Management - Local Health Unit 7, Piazza Rosselli 26, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - F Nisticò
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - G Troiano
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Maccari
- Healthcare Management - Local Health Unit 7, Piazza Rosselli 26, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - G Messina
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Barducci
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - G Carriero
- General Practice - Local Health Unit 7, Piazza Rosselli 26, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - D Golinelli
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - N Nante
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Tritapepe L, Carriero G. Automated left ventricular ejection fraction measurements: a better approach, or just fun and games? Minerva Anestesiol 2018; 84:1237-1239. [PMID: 29808979 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.18.12995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tritapepe
- Unit of Anesthesia and Intensive Care in Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiologic, and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Giovanni Carriero
- School of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Savtchouk I, Carriero G, Volterra A. Studying Axon-Astrocyte Functional Interactions by 3D Two-Photon Ca 2+ Imaging: A Practical Guide to Experiments and "Big Data" Analysis. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:98. [PMID: 29706870 PMCID: PMC5908897 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in fast volumetric imaging have enabled rapid generation of large amounts of multi-dimensional functional data. While many computer frameworks exist for data storage and analysis of the multi-gigabyte Ca2+ imaging experiments in neurons, they are less useful for analyzing Ca2+ dynamics in astrocytes, where transients do not follow a predictable spatio-temporal distribution pattern. In this manuscript, we provide a detailed protocol and commentary for recording and analyzing three-dimensional (3D) Ca2+ transients through time in GCaMP6f-expressing astrocytes of adult brain slices in response to axonal stimulation, using our recently developed tools to perform interactive exploration, filtering, and time-correlation analysis of the transients. In addition to the protocol, we release our in-house software tools and discuss parameters pertinent to conducting axonal stimulation/response experiments across various brain regions and conditions. Our software tools are available from the Volterra Lab webpage at https://wwwfbm.unil.ch/dnf/group/glia-an-active-synaptic-partner/member/volterra-andrea-volterra in the form of software plugins for Image J (NIH)—a de facto standard in scientific image analysis. Three programs are available: MultiROI_TZ_profiler for interactive graphing of several movable ROIs simultaneously, Gaussian_Filter5D for Gaussian filtering in several dimensions, and Correlation_Calculator for computing various cross-correlation parameters on voxel collections through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iaroslav Savtchouk
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Carriero
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Quercioli C, Nisticò F, Messina G, Maccari M, Barducci M, Carriero G, Nante N. Gender differences in health expenditure determinants: A follow-up study. Health Care Women Int 2018; 40:33-46. [PMID: 29494785 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1445252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Researchers' aim was to investigate if patients/physicians characteristics could differently affect males/females health care expenditure. In 2009/2010, a health-related-quality-of-life (HRQL) measure was distributed to 887 general practitioners' (GP) patients in Siena's province-Italy. Severity of diseases was calculated through Cumulative Illness Rating Scale Severity Index (CIRS-SI). Information about GPs' gender and age and patients' gender, age, and socio-economic variables were recorded. 2012 data about pharmaceutical, outpatient and hospital expenditure were obtained. Multivariate regression was carried out. In males, hospital expenditure increased with higher CIRS-SI and female GP whilst in females it was not influenced by any of the variables. Outpatient and pharmaceutical expenditure increased with aging, higher CIRS-SI, and lower HRQL and education, both in males and females. Gender differences in health expenditure determinants emerged for hospital expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Quercioli
- a Postgraduate School of Public Health , University of Siena , Siena , Italy.,b Healthcare Management - Local Health Unit 7 , Siena , Italy
| | - Francesca Nisticò
- a Postgraduate School of Public Health , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Gabriele Messina
- a Postgraduate School of Public Health , University of Siena , Siena , Italy.,c Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Mauro Maccari
- b Healthcare Management - Local Health Unit 7 , Siena , Italy
| | - Massimo Barducci
- a Postgraduate School of Public Health , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | | | - Nicola Nante
- a Postgraduate School of Public Health , University of Siena , Siena , Italy.,c Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
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Russo A, Carriero G, Farcomeni A, Ceccarelli G, Tritapepe L, Venditti M. Role of oral nystatin prophylaxis in cardiac surgery with prolongedextracorporeal circulation. Mycoses 2017; 60:826-829. [PMID: 28877374 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Duration >120 minutes of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure was associated to an increased risk of candidemia in the intensive care unit (ICU). To evaluate oral nystatin prophylaxis in cardiac surgery considering its exclusive effect on Candida, in the absence of systemic effects and selection of resistant strains to polyene. We conducted an observational study in the postcardiac surgery ICU of Policlinico "Umberto I" of Rome. From January 2014, all patients with a prolonged ECC >120 minutes were systematically treated with oral nystatin (Prophylaxis group). This group was compared with all patients hospitalised in the same ICU, who have not received oral nystatin after ECC >120 minutes (No prophylaxis group). Overall, 672 consecutive patients were analyzed: 318 (47.3%) patients belonged to the no prophylaxis group, and 354 (52.7%) patients to the prophylaxis group. Diagnosis of candidemia was confirmed in 7 (2.2%) patients, all belonged to the no prophylaxis group. At multivariate analysis, oral nystatin prophylaxis showed a protective effect for development of candidemia after cardiac surgery. Oral nystatin prophylaxis, in patients who underwent a ECC >120 minutes, seems to reduce development of candidemia; however, the real efficacy of such prophylaxis approach requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Russo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Carriero
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Farcomeni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Tritapepe
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Venditti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Bindocci E, Savtchouk I, Liaudet N, Becker D, Carriero G, Volterra A. Three-dimensional Ca2+imaging advances understanding of astrocyte biology. Science 2017; 356:356/6339/eaai8185. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carriero G, Brunetti C, Fares S, Hayes F, Hoshika Y, Mills G, Tattini M, Paoletti E. BVOC responses to realistic nitrogen fertilization and ozone exposure in silver birch. Environ Pollut 2016; 213:988-995. [PMID: 26809503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Emission of BVOC (Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds) from plant leaves in response to ozone exposure (O3) and nitrogen (N) fertilization is poorly understood. For the first time, BVOC emissions were explored in a forest tree species (silver birch, Betula pendula) exposed for two years to realistic levels of O3 (35, 48 and 69 ppb as daylight average) and N (10, 30 and 70 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), applied weekly to the soil as ammonium nitrate). The main BVOCs emitted were: α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, ocimene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and hexanal. Ozone exposure increased BVOC emission and reduced total leaf area. The effect on emission was stronger when a short-term O3 metric (concentrations at the time of sampling) rather than a long-term one (AOT40) was used. The effect of O3 on total leaf area was not able to compensate for the stimulation of emission, so that responses to O3 at leaf and whole-plant level were similar. Nitrogen fertilization increased total leaf area, decreased α-pinene and β-pinene emission, and increased ocimene, hexanal and DMNT emission. The increase of leaf area changed the significance of the emission response to N fertilization for most compounds. Nitrogen fertilization mitigated the effects of O3 exposure on total leaf area, while the combined effects of O3 exposure and N fertilization on BVOC emission were additive and not synergistic. In conclusion, O3 exposure and N fertilization have the potential to affect global BVOC via direct effects on plant emission rates and changes in leaf area.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carriero
- IPSP-CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - C Brunetti
- IVALSA-CNR, Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - S Fares
- RPS-CREA, Research Centre for the Soil-Plant System, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via della Navicella 2-4, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - F Hayes
- CEH, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW Bangor, UK
| | - Y Hoshika
- IPSP-CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - G Mills
- CEH, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW Bangor, UK
| | - M Tattini
- IPSP-CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - E Paoletti
- IPSP-CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Carriero G, Emiliani G, Giovannelli A, Hoshika Y, Manning WJ, Traversi ML, Paoletti E. Effects of long-term ambient ozone exposure on biomass and wood traits in poplar treated with ethylenediurea (EDU). Environ Pollut 2015; 206:575-81. [PMID: 26310976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This is the longest continuous experiment where ethylenediurea (EDU) was used to protect plants from ozone (O3). Effects of long-term ambient O3 exposure (23 ppm h AOT40) on biomass of an O3 sensitive poplar clone (Oxford) were examined after six years from in-ground planting. Trees were irrigated with either water or 450 ppm EDU. Above (-51%) and below-ground biomass (-47%) was reduced by O3 although the effect was significant only for stem and coarse roots. Ambient O3 decreased diameter of the lower stem, and increased moisture content along the stem of not-protected plants (+16%). No other change in the physical wood structure was observed. A comparison with a previous assessment in the same experiment suggested that O3 effects on biomass partitioning to above-ground organs depend on the tree ontogenetic stage. The root/shoot ratios did not change, suggesting that previous short-term observations of reduced allocation to tree roots may be overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carriero
- IPSP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - G Emiliani
- IVALSA-CNR Laboratory of Xylogenesis, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Giovannelli
- IVALSA-CNR Laboratory of Xylogenesis, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Y Hoshika
- IPSP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - W J Manning
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003-9320, USA
| | - M L Traversi
- IVALSA-CNR Laboratory of Xylogenesis, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - E Paoletti
- IPSP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Arcieri S, Velotti R, Noè F, Carriero G, Cattalini A, Galbardi B, Gnatkovsky V, de Curtis M. Variable electrobehavioral patterns during focal nonconvulsive status epilepticus induced by unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid. Epilepsia 2014; 55:1978-85. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Arcieri
- Unit of Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology; Fondazione Neurological Institute Carlo Besta; Milan Italy
- Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology; Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea; Bosisio Parini (LC) Italy
| | - Rosa Velotti
- Unit of Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology; Fondazione Neurological Institute Carlo Besta; Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Noè
- Unit of Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology; Fondazione Neurological Institute Carlo Besta; Milan Italy
| | - Giovanni Carriero
- Unit of Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology; Fondazione Neurological Institute Carlo Besta; Milan Italy
| | - Alessandro Cattalini
- Unit of Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology; Fondazione Neurological Institute Carlo Besta; Milan Italy
| | - Barbara Galbardi
- Bioinformatics Unit of Scientific Direction; Neurological Institute Carlo Besta; Milan Italy
| | - Vadym Gnatkovsky
- Unit of Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology; Fondazione Neurological Institute Carlo Besta; Milan Italy
| | - Marco de Curtis
- Unit of Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology; Fondazione Neurological Institute Carlo Besta; Milan Italy
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Falcone M, Russo A, Mancone M, Carriero G, Mazzesi G, Miraldi F, Pennacchi M, Pugliese F, Tritapepe L, Vullo V, Fedele F, Sardella G, Venditti M. Early, intermediate and late infectious complications after transcatheter or surgical aortic-valve replacement: a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20:758-763. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Liautard C, Scalmani P, Carriero G, de Curtis M, Franceschetti S, Mantegazza M. Hippocampal hyperexcitability and specific epileptiform activity in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Epilepsia 2013; 54:1251-61. [PMID: 23663038 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dravet syndrome (DS) is caused by dominant mutations of the SCN1A gene, encoding the NaV 1.1 sodium channel α subunit. Gene targeted mouse models of DS mutations replicate patients' phenotype and show reduced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition. However, little is known on the properties of network hyperexcitability and on properties of seizure generation in these models. In fact, seizures have been studied thus far with surface electroencephalography (EEG), which did not show if specific brain regions are particularly involved. We have investigated hyperexcitability and epileptiform activities generated in neuronal networks of a mouse model of DS. METHODS We have studied heterozygous NaV 1.1 knock-out mice performing field potential recordings in combined hippocampal/cortical slices in vitro and video/depth electrode intracerebral recordings in vivo during hyperthermia-induced seizures. KEY FINDINGS In slices, we have disclosed specific signs of hyperexcitability of hippocampal circuits in both the pre-epileptic and epileptic periods, and a specific epileptiform activity was generated in the hippocampus upon application of the convulsant 4-aminopyridine in the epileptic period. During in vivo hyperthermia-induced seizures, we have observed selective hippocampal activity in early preictal phases and pronounced hippocampal activity in the ictal phase. SIGNIFICANCE We have identified specific epileptiform activities and signs of network hyperexcitability, and disclosed the important role of the hippocampus in seizure generation in this model. These activities may be potentially used as targets for screenings of antiepileptic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Liautard
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, CNRS UMR7275, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
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Uva L, Trombin F, Carriero G, Avoli M, de Curtis M. Seizure-like discharges induced by 4-aminopyridine in the olfactory system of the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain. Epilepsia 2013; 54:605-15. [PMID: 23505998 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study of the interactions leading to network- or region-specific propagation of seizures is crucial to understand ictogenesis. We have recently found that systemic (arterial) application of the potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine (4AP), induces different and independent seizure activities in olfactory and in limbic structures. Here, we have characterized the network and cellular features that support 4AP-induced seizure-like events in the olfactory cortex. METHODS Simultaneous extracellular recordings were performed from the piriform cortex, the entorhinal cortex, the olfactory tubercle, and the amygdala of the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain preparation. Intracellular, sharp electrode recordings were obtained from neurons of different layers of the region of ictal onset, the piriform cortex. Seizure-like discharges were induced by both arterial perfusion and local intracortical injections of 4AP. KEY FINDINGS Arterial application of 4AP induces independent seizure activities in limbic and olfactory cortices. Both local applications of 4AP and cortico-cortical disconnections demonstrated that region-specific seizure-like events initiated in the primary olfactory cortex and propagate to anatomically related areas. Seizures induced by arterial administration of 4-AP are preceded by runs of fast activity at circa 30-40 Hz and are independently generated in the hemispheres. Simultaneous extracellular and intracellular recordings in the piriform cortex revealed that the onset of seizure correlates with (1) a gradual amplitude increase of fast activity runs, (2) a large intracellular depolarization with action potential firing of superficial layer neurons, and (3) no firing in a subpopulation of deep layers neurons. During the ictal event, neuronal firing was abolished for 10-30 s in all neurons and gradually restored and synchronized before seizure termination. SIGNIFICANCE Our data show that olfactory neuronal networks sustain the generation of seizure-like activities that are independent from those observed in adjacent and connected limbic cortex regions. The data support the concept that functionally and anatomically hard-wired networks generate region-specific seizure patterns that could be substrates for system epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Uva
- Unit of Experimental Epileptology and Neurophysiology, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Carriero G, Arcieri S, Cattalini A, Corsi L, Gnatkovsky V, de Curtis M. A guinea pig model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy following nonconvulsive status epilepticus induced by unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid. Epilepsia 2012; 53:1917-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Colciaghi F, Finardi A, Frasca A, Balosso S, Nobili P, Carriero G, Locatelli D, Vezzani A, Battaglia G. Status epilepticus-induced pathologic plasticity in a rat model of focal cortical dysplasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:2828-43. [PMID: 21482549 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have generated an experimental 'double-hit' model of chronic epilepsy to recapitulate the co-existence of abnormal cortical structure and frequently recurrent seizures as observed in human focal cortical dysplasia. We induced cortical malformations by exposing rats prenatally to methylazoxymethanol acetate and triggered status epilepticus and recurrent seizures in adult methylazoxymethanol acetate rats with pilocarpine. We studied the course of epilepsy and the long-term morphologic and molecular changes induced by the occurrence of status epilepticus and subsequent chronic epilepsy in the malformed methylazoxymethanol acetate exposed brain. Behavioural and electroencephalographic analyses showed that methylazoxymethanol acetate pilocarpine rats develop more severe epilepsy than naïve rats. Morphologic and molecular analyses demonstrated that status epilepticus and subsequent seizures, but not pilocarpine treatment per se, was capable of affecting both cortical architectural and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor abnormalities induced by methylazoxymethanol acetate. In particular, cortical thickness was further decreased and N-methyl-D-aspartate regulatory subunits were recruited at the postsynaptic membrane. In addition, methylazoxymethanol acetate pilocarpine rats showed abnormally large cortical pyramidal neurons with neurofilament over-expression. These neurons bear similarities to the hypertrophic/dysmorphic pyramidal neurons observed in acquired human focal cortical dysplasia. These data show that status epilepticus sets in motion a pathological process capable of significantly changing the cellular and molecular features of pre-existing experimental cortical malformations. They suggest that seizure recurrence in human focal cortical dysplasia might be an additional factor in establishing a pathological circuitry that favours chronic neuronal hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Colciaghi
- Molecular Neuroanatomy and Pathogenesis Unit, Neurological Institute C. Besta, via Temolo 4, 20126 Milano, Italy
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Carriero G, Uva L, Gnatkovsky V, Avoli M, de Curtis M. Independent epileptiform discharge patterns in the olfactory and limbic areas of the in vitro isolated Guinea pig brain during 4-aminopyridine treatment. J Neurophysiol 2010; 103:2728-36. [PMID: 20220076 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00862.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies performed on brain slices demonstrate that the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4AP, 50 microM) discloses electrographic seizure activity and interictal discharges. These epileptiform patterns have been further analyzed here in a isolated whole guinea pig brain in vitro by using field potential recordings in olfactory and limbic structures. In 8 of 13 experiments runs of fast oscillatory activity (fast runs, FRs) in the piriform cortex (PC) propagated to the lateral entorhinal cortex (EC), hippocampus and occasionally to the medial EC. Early and late FRs were asynchronous in the hemispheres showed different duration [1.78 +/- 0.51 and 27.95 +/- 4.55 (SD) s, respectively], frequency of occurrence (1.82 +/- 0.49 and 34.16 +/- 6.03 s) and frequency content (20-40 vs. 40-60 Hz). Preictal spikes independent from the FRs appeared in the hippocampus/EC and developed into ictal-like discharges that did not propagate to the PC. Ictal-like activity consisted of fast activity with onset either in the hippocampus (n = 6) or in the mEC (n = 2), followed by irregular spiking and sequences of diffusely synchronous bursts. Perfusion of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (100 microM) did not prevent FRs, increased the duration of limbic ictal-like discharges and favored their propagation to olfactory structures. The AMPA receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (50 microM) blocked ictal-like events and reduced FRs. In conclusion, 4AP-induced epileptiform activities are asynchronous and independent in olfactory and hippocampal-entorhinal regions. Epileptiform discharges in the isolated guinea pig brain show different pharmacological properties compared with rodent in vitro slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Carriero
- Unit of Experimental Neurophysiology and Epileptology, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
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Quercioli C, Messina G, Barbini E, Carriero G, Fanì M, Nante N. Importance of sociodemographic and morbidity aspects in measuring health-related quality of life: performances of three tools: comparison of three questionnaire scores. Eur J Health Econ 2009; 10:389-97. [PMID: 19067006 PMCID: PMC2730444 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-008-0139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures are numerous, comparisons have been suggested. AIM To compare three HRQL measures: SF6D, HUI3 and EQ5D. METHODS Three questionnaires (SF36, HUI3, EQ5D) were administered to 1,011 patients attending 16 general practices in two Italian cities. Information about patients' gender, age, education, marital status, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases) were also collected. Questionnaires scores were calculated using the appropriate algorithms; in particular SF6D scores were obtained from SF36 items. Agreement and correlation between questionnaires scores were investigated using Bland and Altman method and Spearman coefficient. The influence of socio-demographic and morbidity indicators on scores was analysed using the nonparametric quantile regression. RESULTS The Spearman coefficient was about 0.6 for all questionnaires. The 95% limits of agreement of the scores were approximately from -0.5 to 0.3 except for SF6D and EQ5D when they were from -0.4 to 0.2. The measures were influenced by socio-demographic and clinical variables in a similar way, especially SF6D (the index obtained from SF36) and EQ5D, which appeared to be influenced by the same pattern of factors, including gender, chronic diseases, smoking and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the agreement between questionnaires scores was quite low, whilst the correlation level was good. Questionnaire scores were influenced by socio-demographic and clinical variables in a similar way, especially SF6D and EQ5D. Therefore, the descriptive capacity of SF6D and EQ5D was found to be similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Quercioli
- Department of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Messina
- Department of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuela Barbini
- Department of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Mara Fanì
- Primary Health Care Unit, Local Health Authority 2, ASL TO 1, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Nante
- Department of Public Health, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Carriero G, Uva L, Gnatkovsky V, de Curtis M. Distribution of the olfactory fiber input into the olfactory tubercle of the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain. J Neurophysiol 2008; 101:1613-9. [PMID: 18922946 DOI: 10.1152/jn.90792.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory tubercle (OT) is a cortical component of the olfactory system involved in reward mechanisms of drug abuse. This region covers an extensive part of the rostral ventral cerebrum and is relatively poorly studied. The intrinsic network interactions evoked by olfactory input are analyzed in the OT of the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain by means of field potential analysis and optical imaging of voltage-sensitive signals. Stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract induces a monosynaptic response that progressively decreases in amplitude from lateral to medial. The monosynaptic input induces a disynaptic response that is proportionally larger in the medial portion of the OT. Direct stimulation of the piriform cortex and subsequent lesion of this pathway showed the existence of an associative disynaptic projection from the anterior part of the piriform cortex to the lateral part of the OT that integrates with the component mediated by the local intra-OT collaterals. Optical and electrophysiological recordings of the signals evoked by stimulation of the olfactory tract during arterial perfusion with the voltage-sensitive dye di-2-ANEPEQ confirmed the pattern of distribution of the mono and disynaptic responses in the OT. Finally, current source density analysis of laminar profiles recorded with 16-channel silicon probes confirmed that the monosynaptic and disynaptic potentials localize in the most superficial and the deep portions of the plexiform layer I, as suggested by previous reports. This study sets the standard for further analysis of the modulation of network properties in this largely unexplored brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Carriero
- Unit of Experimental Epileptology and Neurophisiology, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Rottoli L, Rottoli P, Beltrami V, Murgia M, Carriero G. Hypersensitivity to pets in Italy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 1989; 17:7-9. [PMID: 2787593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Eight hundred and two consecutive symptomatic outpatients (with asthma and rhinitis) were studied to evaluate the incidence of prick test positivity to cat and dog danders and the association of exposure to these animals in the home, as revealed by a standard questionnaire. 14.3% were found to be skin positive to cat and/or dog danders. The incidence of cutaneous hypersensitivity to cat and/or dog danders was 25% in the 216 subjects who kept animals, significantly higher (p less than 0.0005) than the 10.4% of 586 subjects who did not keep animals. In the 57 subjects who owned both dogs and cats, a significantly higher incidence of skin hypersensitivity was found compared to the other subjects. Our data does not demonstrate a greater incidence in sensitivity to cat danders compared to dog danders, or increased sensitization to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, nor a different incidence of clinical manifestations (asthma and rhinitis) between those with animals in the house and those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rottoli
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Siena, Italy
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Rottoli P, Rottoli L, Perari MG, Collodoro A, Carriero G, Bianco S. Mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in sarcoidosis: correlation with alveolar lymphocytes. Respiration 1988; 54 Suppl 1:42-8. [PMID: 3231905 DOI: 10.1159/000195476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Today it is believed that mast cells (MC) are important not only in IgE-mediated reactions, but also in delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and that their functions are mediated by factors released by T lymphocytes. Recent studies have shown their presence in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with asthma and interstitial lung disease. MC have been identified by us in the BAL of patients with sarcoidosis and lung cancer, and in controls. A statistically significant correlation has been found between MC and lymphocytes, CD3+ and CD4+ cells present in BAL, thus supporting the hypothesis of interactions between T lymphocytes and MC in immune reactions at the alveolar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rottoli
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Siena, Italy
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Lenzini L, Rottoli L, Sestini P, Carriero G, Sani G, Gotti G. Immunocomplexes and primary lung cancer. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 1981; 9:119-22. [PMID: 6270995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were found in 47% of 71 patients before treatment, in a horizontal study of the presence of CIC in primary lung cancer (PLC). The precipitation technique in PEG was used, and C1q, IgG and IgM fractions in the precipitate were assayed. Especially in epidermoid carcinoma, CIC were found in 1/6 cases with stage 1, 2/9 with stage II and 21/34 with stage III. The frequency was significantly higher in stage III cases, and showed a significant tendency to increase with progression of the clinical stage. If stage parameters are considered separately, this tendency correlates significantly (p less than 0.002) with the amount of lymph node involvement (N) but not to the tumor (T) size nor to the presence of metastases (M). Analysis of CIC behavior in comparison with the single fractions showed that C1q and/or IgG were elevated in 40% of cases. The presence of C1q and/or IgG associated with IgM is more characteristic of stage N2, while the presence of CIC with the fractions C1q and/or IgG not associated with IgM is more frequent in stage N1. There was a lower survival rate at 12 months in patients with CIC as compared to those without (p less than 0.05).
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