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Peddireddy SP, Rahman SA, Cillo AR, Vijay GM, Somasundaram A, Workman CJ, Bain W, McVerry BJ, Methe B, Lee JS, Ray P, Ray A, Bruno TC, Vignali DAA, Kitsios GD, Morris A, Singh H, Sarkar A, Das J. Antibodies targeting conserved non-canonical antigens and endemic coronaviruses associate with favorable outcomes in severe COVID-19. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111020. [PMID: 35738278 PMCID: PMC9189107 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While there have been extensive analyses characterizing cellular and humoral responses across the severity spectrum in COVID-19, outcome predictors within severe COVID-19 remain less comprehensively elucidated. Furthermore, properties of antibodies (Abs) directed against viral antigens beyond spike and their associations with disease outcomes remain poorly defined. We perform deep molecular profiling of Abs directed against a wide range of antigenic specificities in severe COVID-19 patients. The profiles included canonical (spike [S], receptor-binding domain [RBD], and nucleocapsid [N]) and non-canonical (orf3a, orf8, nsp3, nsp13, and membrane [M]) antigenic specificities. Notably, multivariate Ab profiles directed against canonical or non-canonical antigens are equally discriminative of survival in severe COVID-19. Intriguingly, pre-pandemic healthy controls have cross-reactive Abs directed against nsp13, a protein conserved across coronaviruses. Consistent with these findings, a model built on Ab profiles for endemic coronavirus antigens also predicts COVID-19 outcome. Our results suggest the importance of studying Abs targeting non-canonical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and endemic coronavirus antigens in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed A Rahman
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony R Cillo
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Bain
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Barbara Methe
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janet S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Georgios D Kitsios
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Aniruddh Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Blackmore LJ, Ryan JM, Huang X, Hussain M, Triantafyllou E, Vergis N, Vijay GM, Antoniades CG, Thursz MR, Jassem W, Vergani D, Shawcross DL, Ma Y. Acute alcoholic hepatitis and cellular Th1 immune responses to alcohol dehydrogenase. Lancet 2015; 385 Suppl 1:S22. [PMID: 26312844 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic hepatitis is characterised by florid hepatic inflammation, liver failure, and death within 28 days in 35% of patients. We recently showed proliferative peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses to alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, associated with T-helper-type 1 (Th1) immunity and disease severity. We aimed to define whether ADH-specific cellular immunity is present in alcoholic hepatitis. METHODS PBMCs were collected from 15 patients with alcoholic hepatitis (modified Maddrey's discriminant function >32), nine with alcohol-related cirrhosis (long-term alcohol abstinence), and three healthy controls. 25 overlapping peptides, spanning the human ADH β1 subunit, were constructed. Proliferation to ADH peptides (1 × 10(5) cells per well, cultured with 10 mM peptides for 7 days) was assessed by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. A stimulation index (SI) of 2·5 or more was regarded as positive. ELISA measured concentrations of interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin (IL) 17, and IL4 from supernatant. FINDINGS PBMCs from seven of 15 patients with alcoholic hepatitis recognised one to three ADH peptides (SI ≤5·7). IFNγ (mean 390·9 pg/mL [SE 31·4]) was detected in 48% of wells, IL17 (20·1 [3 ·4]) in 15%, and IL4 (90·5 [9·3]) in 14%. PBMCs from six of the nine patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis recognised one to five peptides (SI ≤5·2). IFNγ (360·7 [58·9], p>0·05) was detected in 31% of wells, IL17 (57·7 [10·9], p=0·0006) in 19%, and IL4 (219·7 [11·2], p=0·0012) in 28%. PBMCs from two healthy controls recognised one to two peptides (SI ≤3·1); all cytokine levels were below baseline. INTERPRETATION Proliferative anti-ADH immune responses in alcoholic hepatitis focused on individual epitopic regions. Predominance of proinflammatory Th1 responses was more pronounced in alcoholic hepatitis than in alcoholic-related cirrhosis. This finding requires investigation of targeted therapies to inhibit Th1 immunity in alcoholic hepatitis. FUNDING Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Blackmore
- Institute of Liver Studies & Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Jennifer M Ryan
- Institute of Liver Studies & Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Institute of Liver Studies & Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Munther Hussain
- Institute of Liver Studies & Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nikhil Vergis
- Hepatology Research Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Charalambos G Antoniades
- Institute of Liver Studies & Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK; Hepatology Research Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Hepatology Research Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wayel Jassem
- Institute of Liver Studies & Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Vergani
- Institute of Liver Studies & Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Debbie L Shawcross
- Institute of Liver Studies & Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yun Ma
- Institute of Liver Studies & Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
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