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Rafat N, Zhang H, Rudge J, Kim YN, Peddireddy SP, Das N, Sarkar A. Enhanced Enzymatically Amplified Metallization on Nanostructured Surfaces for Multiplexed Point-of-Care Electrical Detection of COVID-19 Biomarkers. Small 2022; 18:e2203309. [PMID: 36036173 PMCID: PMC9538889 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inexpensive yet sensitive and specific biomarker detection is a critical bottleneck in diagnostics, monitoring, and surveillance of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Multiplexed detection of several biomarkers can achieve wider diagnostic applicability, accuracy, and ease-of-use, while reducing cost. Current biomarker detection methods often use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with optical detection which offers high sensitivity and specificity. However, this is complex, expensive, and limited to detecting only a single analyte at a time. Here, it is found that biomarker-bound enzyme-labeled probes act synergistically with nanostructured catalytic surfaces and can be used to selectively reduce a soluble silver substrate to generate highly dense and conductive, localized surface silver metallization on microelectrode arrays. This enables a sensitive and quantitative, simple, direct electronic readout of biomarker binding without the use of any intermediate optics. Furthermore, the localized and dry-phase stable nature of the metallization enables multiplexed electronic measurement of several biomarkers from a single drop (<10 µL) of sample on a microchip.This method is applied for the multiplexed point-of-care (POC) quantitative detection of multiple COVID-19 antigen-specific antibodies. Combining a simple microchip and an inexpensive, cellphone-interfaced, portable reader, the detection and discrimination of biomarkers of prior infection versus vaccination is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rafat
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, USA
| | - Hanhao Zhang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, USA
| | - Josiah Rudge
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, USA
| | - Yoo Na Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, USA
| | - Sai Preetham Peddireddy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, USA
| | - Nabojeet Das
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, USA
| | - Aniruddh Sarkar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, USA
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Peddireddy SP, Rahman SA, Cillo AR, Vijay GM, Somasundaram A, Workman CJ, Bain W, McVerry BJ, Methe B, Lee JS, Ray P, Ray A, Bruno TC, Vignali DAA, Kitsios GD, Morris A, Singh H, Sarkar A, Das J. Antibodies targeting conserved non-canonical antigens and endemic coronaviruses associate with favorable outcomes in severe COVID-19. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111020. [PMID: 35738278 PMCID: PMC9189107 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While there have been extensive analyses characterizing cellular and humoral responses across the severity spectrum in COVID-19, outcome predictors within severe COVID-19 remain less comprehensively elucidated. Furthermore, properties of antibodies (Abs) directed against viral antigens beyond spike and their associations with disease outcomes remain poorly defined. We perform deep molecular profiling of Abs directed against a wide range of antigenic specificities in severe COVID-19 patients. The profiles included canonical (spike [S], receptor-binding domain [RBD], and nucleocapsid [N]) and non-canonical (orf3a, orf8, nsp3, nsp13, and membrane [M]) antigenic specificities. Notably, multivariate Ab profiles directed against canonical or non-canonical antigens are equally discriminative of survival in severe COVID-19. Intriguingly, pre-pandemic healthy controls have cross-reactive Abs directed against nsp13, a protein conserved across coronaviruses. Consistent with these findings, a model built on Ab profiles for endemic coronavirus antigens also predicts COVID-19 outcome. Our results suggest the importance of studying Abs targeting non-canonical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and endemic coronavirus antigens in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed A Rahman
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony R Cillo
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Bain
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Barbara Methe
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janet S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Georgios D Kitsios
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Aniruddh Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jishnu Das
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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