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Biskou O, Casanova V, Hooper KM, Kemp S, Wright GP, Satsangi J, Barlow PG, Stevens C. The type III intermediate filament vimentin regulates organelle distribution and modulates autophagy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209665. [PMID: 30699149 PMCID: PMC6353089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein vimentin plays a key role in positioning of organelles within the cytosol and has been linked to the regulation of numerous cellular processes including autophagy, however, how vimentin regulates autophagy remains relatively unexplored. Here we report that inhibition of vimentin using the steroidal lactone Withaferin A (WFA) causes vimentin to aggregate, and this is associated with the relocalisation of organelles including autophagosomes and lysosomes from the cytosol to a juxtanuclear location. Vimentin inhibition causes autophagosomes to accumulate, and we demonstrate this results from modulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) activity, and disruption of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We suggest that vimentin plays a physiological role in autophagosome and lysosome positioning, thus identifying vimentin as a key factor in the regulation of mTORC1 and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Biskou
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Casanova
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty M. Hooper
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sadie Kemp
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P. Wright
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G. Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Ross MD, Malone EM, Simpson R, Cranston I, Ingram L, Wright GP, Chambers G, Florida-James G. Lower resting and exercise-induced circulating angiogenic progenitors and angiogenic T cells in older men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H392-H402. [PMID: 29167123 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00592.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a dysfunctional endothelial phenotype as well as reduced angiogenic capabilities. Exercise exerts beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, possibly by increasing/maintaining the number and/or function of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), which are known to decline with age. However, the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and age-related changes in the frequency of CACs, as well as the exercise-induced responsiveness of CACs in older individuals, has not yet been determined. One-hundred seven healthy male volunteers, aged 18-75 yr, participated in study 1. CRF was estimated using a submaximal cycling ergometer test. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), angiogenic T cells (TANG), and their chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) cell surface receptor expression were enumerated by flow cytometry using peripheral blood samples obtained under resting conditions before the exercise test. In study 2, 17 healthy men (8 young men, 18-25 yr; 9 older men, 60-75 yr) were recruited, and these participants undertook a 30-min cycling exercise bout at 70% maximal O2 consumption, with CACs enumerated before and immediately after exercise. Age was inversely associated with both CD34+ progenitor cells ( r2 = -0.140, P = 0.000) and TANG ( r2 = -0.176, P = 0.000) cells as well as CXCR4-expressing CACs (CD34+: r2 = -0.167, P = 0.000; EPCs: r2 = -0.098, P = 0.001; TANG: r2 = -0.053, P = 0.015). However, after correcting for age, CRF had no relationship with either CAC subset. In addition, older individuals displayed attenuated exercise-induced increases in CD34+ progenitor cells, TANG, CD4+, TANG, and CD8+CXCR4+ TANG cells. Older men display lower CAC levels, which may contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and older adults display an impaired exercise-induced responsiveness of these cells. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Older adults display lower circulating progenitor cell and angiogenic T cell counts compared with younger individuals independently of cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness. Older adults also display impaired exercise-induced mobilization of these vasculogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Malone
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Richard Simpson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Islay Cranston
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Ingram
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Graham P Wright
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - George Chambers
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Geraint Florida-James
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
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Abstract
Adoptive therapy with polyclonal regulatory T cells (Tregs) has shown efficacy in suppressing detrimental immune responses in experimental models of autoimmunity and transplantation. The lack of specificity is a potential limitation of Treg therapy, as studies in mice have demonstrated that specificity can enhance the therapeutic potency of Treg. We will discuss that vectors encoding T cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors provide an efficient gene-transfer platform to reliably produce Tregs of defined antigen specificity, thus overcoming the considerable difficulties of isolating low-frequency, antigen-specific cells that may be present in the natural Treg repertoire. The recent observations that Tregs can polarize into distinct lineages similar to the Th1, Th2, and Th17 subsets described for conventional T helper cells raise the possibility that Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-driven pathology may require matching Treg subsets for optimal therapeutic efficacy. In the future, genetic engineering may serve not only to enforce FoxP3 expression and a stable Treg phenotype but it may also enable the expression of particular transcription factors that drive differentiation into defined Treg subsets. Together, established and recently developed gene transfer and editing tools provide exciting opportunities to produce tailor-made antigen-specific Treg products with defined functional activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L McGovern
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham P Wright
- School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hans J Stauss
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Robertson FP, Goswami R, Wright GP, Imber C, Sharma D, Malago M, Fuller BJ, Davidson BR. Remote ischaemic preconditioning in orthotopic liver transplantation (RIPCOLT trial): a pilot randomized controlled feasibility study. HPB (Oxford) 2017; 19:757-767. [PMID: 28651898 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemia Reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and graft loss following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT). Utilising marginal grafts, which are more susceptible to IR injury, makes this a key research goal. Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning (RIPC) has been shown to ameliorate hepatic IR injury in experimental models. Whether RIPC can reduce IR injury in human liver transplant recipients is unknown. METHODS Forty patients undergoing liver transplantation were randomized to RIPC or a sham. RIPC was induced through three 5 min cycles of alternate ischaemia and reperfusion of the left leg prior to surgery. Data on clinical outcomes was collected prospectively. Per-operative cytokine levels were measured. RESULTS Fourty five of 51 patients approached (88%) were willing to enroll in the study. Five patients were excluded and 40 randomized, of which 20 underwent RIPC which was successfully completed in all patients. There were no complications following RIPC. Median day 3 AST levels were slightly higher in the RIPC group (221 IU vs 149 IU, p = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS RIPC is acceptable and safe in liver transplant recipients. This study has not demonstrated evidence of a reduction in short-term measures of IR injury. Longer follow up will be required and consideration of an altered protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P Robertson
- Division of Surgery and Intervention Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2QG, UK.
| | - Rup Goswami
- Department of Hepatico Pancreatico Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital Foundation Trust, Pond Street, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Graham P Wright
- Department of Immunology, Edinburgh Napier University, Craiglockhart Campus, Glenlockhart Road, EH14 1DJ, UK
| | - Charles Imber
- Department of Hepatico Pancreatico Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital Foundation Trust, Pond Street, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Dinesh Sharma
- Department of Hepatico Pancreatico Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital Foundation Trust, Pond Street, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Massimo Malago
- Department of Hepatico Pancreatico Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital Foundation Trust, Pond Street, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Barry J Fuller
- Division of Surgery and Intervention Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Division of Surgery and Intervention Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, Pond Street, NW3 2QG, UK; Department of Hepatico Pancreatico Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital Foundation Trust, Pond Street, NW3 2QG, UK
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Robertson FP, Magill LJ, Wright GP, Fuller B, Davidson BR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of donor ischaemic preconditioning in liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2016; 29:1147-1154. [PMID: 27564598 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is a strategy to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Its benefit in human liver transplantation is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the current evidence for donor IPC in liver transplantation. Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies involving IPC of liver transplant donors. Ovid Medline, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched up until January 2015. Data retrieved included the primary outcomes of 1-year mortality, incidence of primary graft non-function (PGNF) and retransplantation. Secondary outcomes included aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels on day 3 post-op. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for dichotomous data and mean weighted ratios for continuous data. Ten studies included 593 patients (286 IPC; 307 control). IPC was associated with a reduction in mortality at 1 year (6% vs. 11%) although this was not statistically significant (OR 0.54, 95% C.I. 0.28-1.04, P = 0.06). The IPC group had a significantly lower day 3 AST level (WMD -66.41iU, P = 0.04). This meta-analysis demonstrates that IPC reduces liver injury following transplantation and produces a large reduction in 1-year mortality which was not statistically significant. Confirmation of clinical benefit from IPC requires an adequately powered prospective RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P Robertson
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Louise J Magill
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graham P Wright
- Department of Immunology, Craiglockhart Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barry Fuller
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, UK.,Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Robertson FP, Goswami R, Wright GP, Fuller B, Davidson BR. Protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial of recipient remote ischaemic preconditioning in orthotopic liver transplantation (RIPCOLT trial). Transplant Res 2016; 5:4. [PMID: 27054029 PMCID: PMC4822296 DOI: 10.1186/s13737-016-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Ischaemic reperfusion (IR) injury is a major cause of graft loss, morbidity and mortality following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Demand for liver transplantation has resulted in increasing use of marginal grafts that are more prone to IR injury. Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) reduces IR injury in experimental models, but recipient RIPC has not been evaluated clinically. Methods A single-centre double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) is planned to test the hypothesis that recipient RIPC will reduce IR injury. RIPC will be performed following recipient anaesthetic induction but prior to skin incision. The protocol involves 3 cycles of 5 min of lower limb occlusion with a pneumatic tourniquet inflated to 200 mmHg alternating with 5 min of reperfusion. In the control group, the sham will involve the cuff being placed on the thigh but without being inflated. The primary endpoint is ability to recruit patients to the trial and safety of RIPC. The key secondary endpoint is a reduction in serum aspartate transferase levels on the third post-operative day. Discussion RIPC is a promising strategy to reduce IR injury in liver transplant recipients as there is a clear experimental basis, and the intervention is both inexpensive and easy to perform. This is the first trial to investigate RIPC in liver transplant recipients. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00796588 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13737-016-0033-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis P Robertson
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, 9th Floor, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Rup Goswami
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, 9th Floor, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | | | - Barry Fuller
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, 9th Floor, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, 9th Floor, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK ; HPB and Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG UK
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Wright GP, Ehrenstein MR, Stauss HJ. Regulatory T-cell adoptive immunotherapy: potential for treatment of autoimmunity. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 7:213-25. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Abstract
There is accumulating evidence for regulatory T cell defects in rheumatoid arthritis and that some biologic interventions, in particular anti-TNF, can target this population. Despite the challenges in defining regulatory T cells in patients, there are a number of approaches currently being developed to utilise their potent immunosuppressive properties. Through genetic manipulation Tregs can be generated ex vivo or in vivo that target antigens present in the inflamed joint. Here we discuss these approaches, their refinement to restore tolerance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and strategies to prevent their conversion towards a Th17 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham P Wright
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom.
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Kinloch AJ, Ng K, Wright GP. Clinical applications of autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis, from improving diagnostics to future therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:108-27. [PMID: 21453269 DOI: 10.2174/187221311795399246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), although widely considered to be the most commonly occurring autoimmune disease, has only truly been substantiated as a distinct autoimmune disease very recently. The lack of understanding of the specific autoimmune system/s at work in rheumatoid patients resulted in an absence of robust diagnostic tools and had meant that the rational choice for use and design of therapy was based on broad-spectrum immunosuppression. The revelation that the autoimmune response specific for patients with RA is to particular protein antigens bearing the post-translational modification 'citrulline' has therefore revolutionized diagnostics and has helped explain why patients carrying particular MHC alleles are predisposed to the disease. The last two decades have seen the characterization of citrullinated antigens targeted by both antibodies and T cells in rheumatoid patients. In more recent years, we have also witnessed the success of biological therapies in the treatment of RA that specifically target T cells and B cells. Ongoing mapping of antibody targets is increasing the percentage of patients who can be definitively diagnosed with, and prognosed to develop, RA. These advances have led to a great number of patents for citrullinated peptides that have been and may be, in the coming years, used in diagnostic test kits. More recently, characterization of T cell targets (citrullinated peptides) has resulted in the patenting of peptides that could be used in antigen specific therapy. This review focuses on the characterization of the autoimmune response to citrullinated protein targets in RA and how the community is translating this knowledge to improve diagnostics, prognostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kinloch
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Notley CA, Brown MA, Wright GP, Ehrenstein MR. Natural IgM Is Required for Suppression of Inflammatory Arthritis by Apoptotic Cells. J I 2011; 186:4967-72. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
These experiments appear to indicate that whatever substance in embryonic tissue extracts excites mitosis, and therefore would appear to be the growth-stimulating substance, is capable of passing through a collodion membrane which is impermeable to proteins, at all events in such concentration as would give rise to any biuret reaction. The substance is therefore diffusible.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Wright
- Research Laboratories of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital, and the Department of Surgery of Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
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Abstract
1. The oxygen consumption of normal and "primitive red cells" of fowls' blood has been determined at intervals in the course of an anemia produced by the injection of phenylhydrazine. The "primitive red cells" have an oxygen consumption at least twenty to twenty-five times greater than the normal red cells. 2. Suspension of the cells derived from the blood in anemia in sodium chloride solutions of various concentrations has comparatively little effect upon the oxygen consumption of the cells. 3. The red cells from anemic blood are sensitive to variations in the reaction of the medium in which they are suspended. The maximum oxygen consumption, after addition of a saline solution containing variable amounts of acid to the blood, took place at pH 7.75. They appeared somewhat more sensitive to variations on the acid side of this reaction than on the alkaline. 4. Addition of glucose to the medium increased the oxygen consumption of the cells. Their metabolism in a physiological saline solution containing 0.6 per cent of glucose was 15 per cent higher than in one in which no glucose was present. 5. Certain amino acids in low concentrations had little effect on oxygen consumption, though at higher concentrations some of them definitely diminished it.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Wright
- Cancer Commission of Harvard University, and the Department of Physical Chemistry in the Laboratories of Physiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Abstract
1. The respiration of the reticulocytes of the rabbit has been measured during the period of an anemia produced by phenylhydrazine. Though the respiration increased greatly during the phase of regeneration, the oxygen consumption per billion reticulocytes throughout the period remained approximately the same. 2. The respiration of the reticulocytes was affected by changes in the reaction of the medium in which they were suspended, and was at its maximum about a pH of 8, with a probable intracorpuscular pH of about 7.75. 3. Variations in the tonicity of the suspending medium did not produce any great change in the respiration of the reticulocytes. 4. The presence of glycine, alanine, and glucose in the suspending medium resulted in no acceleration in the respiration of the cells. At higher concentrations glucose tended to depress the respiration. The material oxidized appears to be mainly or entirely contained in the corpuscles at the time they are liberated from the marrow. 5. A comparison is made of the respiration of the reticulated nucleated red cells present in the blood of anemic fowls and the non-nucleated reticulated red cells of rabbits. On the basis of equal volumes of cells, the respiration of the former is about twice that of the latter, while this in turn is about six times as great as the nucleated but non-reticulated normal red cells of the fowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Wright
- Cancer Commission of Harvard University, and the Department of Physical Chemistry in the Laboratories of Physiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Wright GP, Notley CA, Xue SA, Bendle GM, Holler A, Schumacher TN, Ehrenstein MR, Stauss HJ. Adoptive therapy with redirected primary regulatory T cells results in antigen-specific suppression of arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19078-83. [PMID: 19884493 PMCID: PMC2776462 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0907396106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress a wide range of immune cells, making them an ideal candidate for the treatment of autoimmunity. The potential clinical translation of targeted therapy with antigen-specific Tregs is hampered by the difficulties of isolating rare specificities from the natural polyclonal T cell repertoire. Moreover, the initiating antigen is often unknown in autoimmune disease. Here we tested the ability of antigen-specific Tregs generated by retroviral gene transfer to ameliorate arthritis through linked suppression and therefore without cognate recognition of the disease-initiating antigen. We explored two distinct strategies: T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer into purified CD4+CD25+ T cells was used to redirect the specificity of naturally occurring Tregs; and co-transfer of FoxP3 and TCR genes served to convert conventional CD4(+) T cells into antigen-specific regulators. Following adoptive transfer into recipient mice, the gene-modified T cells engrafted efficiently and retained TCR and FoxP3 expression. Using an established arthritis model, we demonstrate antigen-driven accumulation of the gene modified T cells at the site of joint inflammation, which resulted in a local reduction in the number of inflammatory Th17 cells and a significant decrease in arthritic bone destruction. Together, we describe a robust strategy to rapidly generate antigen-specific regulatory T cells capable of highly targeted inhibition of tissue damage in the absence of systemic immune suppression. This opens the possibility to target Tregs to tissue-specific antigens for the treatment of autoimmune tissue damage without the knowledge of the disease-causing autoantigens recognized by pathogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham P. Wright
- Department of Immunology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Clare A. Notley
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Shao-An Xue
- Department of Immunology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin M. Bendle
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Holler
- Department of Immunology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Ton N. Schumacher
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R. Ehrenstein
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hans J. Stauss
- Department of Immunology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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Parkhurst BR, Forte JL, Wright GP. Reproducibility of a life-cycle toxicity test with Daphnia magna. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1981; 26:1-8. [PMID: 7225610 DOI: 10.1007/bf01622045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Andriopoulos NA, Mestecky J, Wright GP, Miller EJ. Characterization of antibodies to the native human collagens and to their component alpha chains in the sera and the joint fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunochemistry 1976; 13:709-12. [PMID: 965038 DOI: 10.1016/0019-2791(76)90213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Mestecky J, Kulhavy R, Schrohenloher RE, Tomana M, Wright GP. Identification and properties of J chain isolated from catfish macroglobulin. J Immunol 1975; 115:993-7. [PMID: 809510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
After the cleavage of disulfide bonds of macroglobulin isolated from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), an electrophoretically fast-moving polypeptide, which resembled human J chain, was released. On a Sephadex G-200 column equilibrated in 5 M guanidine, the elution position of the J chain overlapped with the descending part of the L chain peak. Further purification was achieved by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. The isolated polypeptide, which had a molecular weight of 14,800 +/- 500, as determined ultracentrifugally by sedimentation equilibrium in 5 M guanidine, contained 7% carbohydrate with one residue of fucose, two of mannose, one of galactose, two of glucosamine, and one of sialic acid per chain. A comparison of catfish and human J chain amino acid analyses showed the former to have a higher content of serine, glycine, and phenylalanine and a lower content of aspartic acid, isoleucine, and arginine. Tryptic peptide maps of catfish and human J chains revealed very few common peptides. Rabbit and guinea pig antisera to human J chain did not cross-react with catfish J chain. Untreated, resuced and alkylated, S-sulfonated, or cyanogen bromide cleaved macroglobulin from the gar (Lepisosteus osseus) contained no polypeptide analogous to either catfish or human J chain by the criteria employed in this study.
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Mestecky J, Kulhavy R, Wright GP, Tomana M. Studies on human secretory immunoglobulin A. VI. Cyanogen bromide cleavage. J Immunol 1974; 113:404-12. [PMID: 4208924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
A fragment containing J chain was released from human polymeric myeloma IgA protein by cyanogen bromide cleavage. The identity of the fragment was determined by its electrophoretic mobility and antigenic determinants. After purification by gel filtrations and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, this fraction appeared similar (with respect to its amino acid and carbohydrate compositions and its peptide maps) to the J chain isolated from this IgA protein; the molecular weight was 17,000 +/- 100. Upon reduction and alkylation, with subsequent separation of peptides by gel filtration, three components were obtained: the largest component (molecular weight 13,400) corresponded to the N-terminal segment of J chain and contained a homoserine residue, the second corresponded to the C-terminal part of J chain with 13-18 amino acid residues, and the third corresponded to the C-terminal octapeptide of the alpha chain. The data indicate that J chain is attached to alpha chain(s) through the penultimate cysteine residue of the C-terminal octapeptide.
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