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Abarca-Ortega A, González-Bermúdez B, Plaza GR. Enhancing micropipette aspiration with artificial-intelligence analysis. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00250-9. [PMID: 38600698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The micropipette-aspiration technique is commonly used in the field of mechanobiology, offering a variety of measurement types. To extract biophysical parameters from the experiments, numerical analysis is required. Although previous works have developed techniques for the partial automation of these analyses, these approaches are relatively time consuming for the researchers. In this article, we describe the development and application of an artificial-intelligence tool for the completely automatic analysis of micropipette-aspiration experiments. The use of this tool is compared with previous methods and the impressive reduction in the time required for these analyses is discussed. The new tool opens new possibilities for the micropipette-aspiration technique by enabling dealing with large numbers of experiments and real-time measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Abarca-Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alracón, Spain.
| | - Blanca González-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alracón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alracón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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González-Bermúdez B, Kobayashi H, Abarca-Ortega A, Córcoles-Lucas M, González-Sánchez M, De la Fuente M, Guinea GV, Elices M, Plaza GR. Aging is accompanied by T-cell stiffening and reduced interstitial migration through dysfunctional nuclear organization. Immunology 2022; 167:622-639. [PMID: 36054660 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated changes in T-cell function play a central role in immunosenescence. The role of aging in the decreased T-cell repertoire, primarily because of thymic involution, has been extensively studied. However, increasing evidence indicates that aging also modulates the mechanical properties of cells and the internal ordering of diverse cell components. Cellular functions are generally dictated by the biophysical phenotype of cells, which itself is also tightly regulated at the molecular level. Based on previous evidence suggesting that the relative nuclear size contributes to variations of T-cell stiffness, here we examined whether age-associated changes in T-cell migration are dictated by biophysical parameters, in part through nuclear cytoskeleton organization and cell deformability. In this study, we first performed longitudinal analyses of a repertoire of 111 functional, biophysical and biomolecular features of the nucleus and cytoskeleton of mice CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in both naive and memory state. Focusing on the pairwise correlations, we found that age-related changes in nuclear architecture and internal ordering were correlated with T-cell stiffening and declined interstitial migration. A similarity analysis confirmed that cell-to-cell variation was a direct result of the aging process and we applied regression models to identify biomarkers that can accurately estimate individuals' age. Finally, we propose a biophysical model for a comprehensive understanding of the results: aging involves an evolution of the relative nuclear size, in part through DNA-hypomethylation and nuclear lamin B1, which implies an increased cell stiffness, thus inducing a decline in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca González-Bermúdez
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Materials Science, E.T.S.I. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo Abarca-Ortega
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Materials Science, E.T.S.I. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Córcoles-Lucas
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Materials Science, E.T.S.I. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica González-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Materials Science, E.T.S.I. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Elices
- Department of Materials Science, E.T.S.I. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Materials Science, E.T.S.I. de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
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3
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González-Sánchez M, García-Martínez V, Bravo S, Kobayashi H, Martínez de Toda I, González-Bermúdez B, Plaza GR, De la Fuente M. Mitochondrial DNA insertions into nuclear DNA affecting chromosome segregation: Insights for a novel mechanism of immunosenescence in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 207:111722. [PMID: 35961414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA sequences were found inserted in the nuclear genome of mouse peritoneal T lymphocytes that increased progressively with aging. These insertions were preferentially located at the pericentromeric heterochromatin. In the same individuals, binucleated T-cells with micronuclei showed a significantly increased frequency associated with age. Most of them were positive for centromere sequences, reflecting the loss of chromatids or whole chromosomes. The proliferative capacity of T lymphocytes decreased with age as well as the glutathione reductase activity, whereas the oxidized glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations exhibited a significant increase. These results may point to a common process that provides insights for a new approach to understanding immunosenescence. We propose a novel mechanism in which mitochondrial fragments, originated by the increased oxidative stress status during aging, accumulate inside the nuclear genome of T lymphocytes in a time-dependent way. The primary entrance of mitochondrial fragments at the pericentromeric regions may compromise chromosome segregation, causing genetic loss that leads to micronuclei formation, rendering aneuploid cells with reduced proliferation capacity, one of the hallmark of immunosenescence. Future experiments deciphering the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica González-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor García-Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bravo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca González-Bermúdez
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Department of Materials Science, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Department of Materials Science, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Pérez-Rigueiro J, Elices M, Plaza GR, Guinea GV. Basic Principles in the Design of Spider Silk Fibers. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061794. [PMID: 33806736 PMCID: PMC8004941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prominence of spider silk as a hallmark in biomimetics relies not only on its unrivalled mechanical properties, but also on how these properties are the result of a set of original design principles. In this sense, the study of spider silk summarizes most of the main topics relevant to the field and, consequently, offers a nice example on how these topics could be considered in other biomimetic systems. This review is intended to present a selection of some of the essential design principles that underlie the singular microstructure of major ampullate gland silk, as well as to show how the interplay between them leads to the outstanding tensile behavior of spider silk. Following this rationale, the mechanical behavior of the material is analyzed in detail and connected with its main microstructural features, specifically with those derived from the semicrystalline organization of the fibers. Establishing the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure in spider silk not only offers a vivid image of the paths explored by nature in the search for high performance materials, but is also a valuable guide for the development of new artificial fibers inspired in their natural counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (G.R.P.); (G.V.G.)
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9174304
| | - Manuel Elices
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (G.R.P.); (G.V.G.)
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo R. Plaza
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (G.R.P.); (G.V.G.)
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.); (G.R.P.); (G.V.G.)
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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González-Bermúdez B, Kobayashi H, Navarrete Á, Nyblad C, González-Sánchez M, de la Fuente M, Fuentes G, Guinea GV, García C, Plaza GR. Single-cell biophysical study reveals deformability and internal ordering relationship in T cells. Soft Matter 2020; 16:5669-5678. [PMID: 32519732 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Deformability and internal ordering are key features related to cell function, particularly critical for cells that routinely undergo large deformations, like T cells during extravasation and migration. In the measurement of cell deformability, a considerable variability is typically obtained, masking the identification of possible interrelationships between deformability, internal ordering and cell function. We report the development of a single-cell methodology that combines measurements of living-cell deformability, using micropipette aspiration, and three-dimensional confocal analysis of the nucleus and cytoskeleton. We show that this single-cell approach can serve as a powerful tool to identify appropriate parameters that characterize deformability within a population of cells, not readably discernable in population-averaged data. By applying this single-cell methodology to mouse CD4+ T cells, our results demonstrate that the relative size of the nucleus, better than other geometrical or cytoskeletal features, effectively determines the overall deformability of the cells within the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca González-Bermúdez
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain. and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Navarrete
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - César Nyblad
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain. and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica González-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica de la Fuente
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain. and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain and Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain. and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Wu J, Ning P, Gao R, Feng Q, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu C, Qin Y, Plaza GR, Bai Q, Fan X, Li Z, Han Y, Lesniak MS, Fan H, Cheng Y. Programmable ROS-Mediated Cancer Therapy via Magneto-Inductions. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1902933. [PMID: 32596106 PMCID: PMC7312334 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of oxygen derived radicals and derivatives, can induce cancer cell death via elevated oxidative stress. A spatiotemporal approach with safe and deep-tissue penetration capabilities to elevate the intracellular ROS level is highly desirable for precise cancer treatment. Here, a mechanical-thermal induction therapy (MTIT) strategy is developed for a programmable increase of ROS levels in cancer cells via assembly of magnetic nanocubes integrated with alternating magnetic fields. The magneto-based mechanical and thermal stimuli can disrupt the lysosomes, which sequentially induce the dysfunction of mitochondria. Importantly, intracellular ROS concentrations are responsive to the magneto-triggers and play a key role for synergistic cancer treatment. In vivo experiments reveal the effectiveness of MTIT for efficient eradication of glioma and breast cancer. By remote control of the force and heat using magnetic nanocubes, MTIT is a promising physical approach to trigger the biochemical responses for precise cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Peng Ning
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Qishuai Feng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'an710127China
| | - Yingze Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Yao Qin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Gustavo R. Plaza
- Center for Biomedical TechnologyUniversidad Politécnica de MadridPozuelo de Alarcón28223Spain
| | - Qianwen Bai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Zhenguang Li
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
| | - Yu Han
- Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210ChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern University676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210ChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Haiming Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'an710127China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine1800 Yuntai RoadShanghai200123China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
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7
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Díaz Lantada A, Mazarío Picazo N, Guttmann M, Wissmann M, Schneider M, Worgull M, Hengsbach S, Rupp F, Bade K, Plaza GR. Soft-Lithography of Polyacrylamide Hydrogels Using Microstructured Templates: Towards Controlled Cell Populations on Biointerfaces. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1586. [PMID: 32235578 PMCID: PMC7177395 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide hydrogels are interesting materials for studying cells and cell-material interactions, thanks to the possibility of precisely adjusting their stiffness, shear modulus and porosity during synthesis, and to the feasibility of processing and manufacturing them towards structures and devices with controlled morphology and topography. In this study a novel approach, related to the processing of polyacrylamide hydrogels using soft-lithography and employing microstructured templates, is presented. The main novelty relies on the design and manufacturing processes used for achieving the microstructured templates, which are transferred by soft-lithography, with remarkable level of detail, to the polyacrylamide hydrogels. The conceived process is demonstrated by patterning polyacrylamide substrates with a set of vascular-like and parenchymal-like textures, for controlling cell populations. Final culture of amoeboid cells, whose dynamics is affected by the polyacrylamide patterns, provides a preliminary validation of the described strategy and helps to discuss its potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Díaz Lantada
- Product Development Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noelia Mazarío Picazo
- Product Development Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, km. 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Markus Guttmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Markus Wissmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Marc Schneider
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Matthias Worgull
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Stefan Hengsbach
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Florian Rupp
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Klaus Bade
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (M.G.); (M.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (S.H.); (F.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Gustavo R. Plaza
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, km. 38, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain;
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8
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Chen M, Wu J, Ning P, Wang J, Ma Z, Huang L, Plaza GR, Shen Y, Xu C, Han Y, Lesniak MS, Liu Z, Cheng Y. Remote Control of Mechanical Forces via Mitochondrial-Targeted Magnetic Nanospinners for Efficient Cancer Treatment. Small 2020; 16:e1905424. [PMID: 31867877 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In cells, mechanical forces play a key role in impacting cell behaviors, including adhesion, differentiation, migration, and death. Herein, a 20 nm mitochondria-targeted zinc-doped iron oxide nanocube is designed as a nanospinner to exert mechanical forces under a rotating magnetic field (RMF) at 15 Hz and 40 mT to fight against cancer. The nanospinners can efficiently target the mitochondria of cancer cells. By means of the RMF, the nanocubes assemble in alignment with the external field and produce a localized mechanical force to impair the cancer cells. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that the nanospinners can damage the cancer cells and reduce the brain tumor growth rate after the application of the RMF. This nanoplatform provides an effective magnetomechanical approach to treat deep-seated tumors in a spatiotemporal fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Chen
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Peng Ning
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Zuan Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Liqun Huang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Spain
| | - Yajing Shen
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Yu Han
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, China
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9
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Pérez-Rigueiro J, Madurga R, Gañán-Calvo AM, Plaza GR, Elices M, López PA, Daza R, González-Nieto D, Guinea GV. Straining Flow Spinning of Artificial Silk Fibers: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018; 3:E29. [PMID: 31105251 PMCID: PMC6352662 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics3040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work summarizes the main principles and some of the most significant results of straining flow spinning (SFS), a technology developed originally by the authors of this work. The principles on which the technology is based, inspired by the natural spinning system of silkworms and spiders, are presented, as well as some of the main achievements of the technique. Among these achievements, spinning under environmentally friendly conditions, obtaining high-performance fibers, and imparting the fibers with emerging properties such as supercontraction are discussed. Consequently, SFS appears as an efficient process that may represent one of the first realizations of a biomimetic technology with a significant impact at the production level.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Madurga
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfonso M Gañán-Calvo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Elices
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia A López
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Daza
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel González-Nieto
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, ETSI Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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González-Bermúdez B, Li Q, Guinea GV, Peñalva MA, Plaza GR. Probing the effect of tip pressure on fungal growth: Application to Aspergillus nidulans. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:022402. [PMID: 28950493 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.022402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study of fungal cells is of great interest due to their importance as pathogens and as fermenting fungi and for their appropriateness as model organisms. The differential pressure between the hyphal cytoplasm and the bordering medium is essential for the growth process, because the pressure is correlated with the growth rate. Notably, during the invasion of tissues, the external pressure at the tip of the hypha may be different from the pressure in the surrounding medium. We report the use of a method, based on the micropipette-aspiration technique, to study the influence of this external pressure at the hyphal tip. Moreover, this technique makes it possible to study hyphal growth mechanics in the case of very thin hyphae, not accessible to turgor pressure probes. We found a correlation between the local pressure at the tip and the growth rate for the species Arpergillus nidulans. Importantly, the proposed method allows one to measure the pressure at the tip required to arrest the hyphal growth. Determining that pressure could be useful to develop new medical treatments for fungal infections. Finally, we provide a mechanical model for these experiments, taking into account the cytoplasm flow and the wall deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca González-Bermúdez
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Qingxuan Li
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Peñalva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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11
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Shen Y, Cheng Y, Uyeda TQP, Plaza GR. Cell Mechanosensors and the Possibilities of Using Magnetic Nanoparticles to Study Them and to Modify Cell Fate. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:2475-2486. [PMID: 28744841 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is a promising technique for future advances in biomedical applications. This idea is supported by the availability of MNPs that can target specific cell components, the variety of shapes of MNPs and the possibility of finely controlling the applied magnetic forces. To examine this opportunity, here we review the current developments in the use of MNPs to mechanically stimulate cells and, specifically, the cell mechanotransduction systems. We analyze the cell components that may act as mechanosensors and their effect on cell fate and we focus on the promising possibilities of controlling stem-cell differentiation, inducing cancer-cell death and treating nervous-system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Shen
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Taro Q P Uyeda
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China. .,Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
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12
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Shen Y, Wu C, Uyeda TQP, Plaza GR, Liu B, Han Y, Lesniak MS, Cheng Y. Elongated Nanoparticle Aggregates in Cancer Cells for Mechanical Destruction with Low Frequency Rotating Magnetic Field. Theranostics 2017; 7:1735-1748. [PMID: 28529648 PMCID: PMC5436524 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with targeting moieties can recognize specific cell components and induce mechanical actuation under magnetic field. Their size is adequate for reaching tumors and targeting cancer cells. However, due to the nanometric size, the force generated by MNPs is smaller than the force required for largely disrupting key components of cells. Here, we show the magnetic assembly process of the nanoparticles inside the cells, to form elongated aggregates with the size required to produce elevated mechanical forces. We synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles doped with zinc, to obtain high magnetization, and functionalized with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) peptide for targeting cancer cells. Under a low frequency rotating magnetic field at 15 Hz and 40 mT, the internalized EGF-MNPs formed elongated aggregates and generated hundreds of pN to dramatically damage the plasma and lysosomal membranes. The physical disruption, including leakage of lysosomal hydrolases into the cytosol, led to programmed cell death and necrosis. Our work provides a novel strategy of designing magnetic nanomedicines for mechanical destruction of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Shen
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Congyu Wu
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Taro Q. P. Uyeda
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Gustavo R. Plaza
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Bin Liu
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yu Han
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Yu Cheng
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
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13
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Madurga R, Gañán-Calvo AM, Plaza GR, Guinea GV, Elices M, Pérez-Rigueiro J. Production of High Performance Bioinspired Silk Fibers by Straining Flow Spinning. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1127-1133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Madurga
- Centro
de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento
de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo R. Plaza
- Centro
de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento
de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Centro
de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento
de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Elices
- Centro
de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento
de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Centro
de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento
de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Madurga R, Plaza GR, Blackledge TA, Guinea GV, Elices M, Pérez-Rigueiro J. Material properties of evolutionary diverse spider silks described by variation in a single structural parameter. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18991. [PMID: 26755434 PMCID: PMC4709512 DOI: 10.1038/srep18991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider major ampullate gland silks (MAS) vary greatly in material properties among species but, this variation is shown here to be confined to evolutionary shifts along a single universal performance trajectory. This reveals an underlying design principle that is maintained across large changes in both spider ecology and silk chemistry. Persistence of this design principle becomes apparent after the material properties are defined relative to the true alignment parameter, which describes the orientation and stretching of the protein chains in the silk fiber. Our results show that the mechanical behavior of all Entelegynae major ampullate silk fibers, under any conditions, are described by this single parameter that connects the sequential action of three deformation micromechanisms during stretching: stressing of protein-protein hydrogen bonds, rotation of the β-nanocrystals and growth of the ordered fraction. Conservation of these traits for over 230 million years is an indication of the optimal design of the material and gives valuable clues for the production of biomimetic counterparts based on major ampullate spider silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Madurga
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - Todd A Blackledge
- Department of Biology and Integrated Bioscience Program. The University of Akron, Akron, OH44325-3908. USA
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - Manuel Elices
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
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15
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Cenis JL, Madurga R, Aznar-Cervantes SD, Lozano-Pérez AA, Marí-Buyé N, Meseguer-Olmo L, Plaza GR, Guinea GV, Elices M, Del Pozo F, Pérez-Rigueiro J. Mechanical behaviour and formation process of silkworm silk gut. Soft Matter 2015; 11:8981-8991. [PMID: 26403149 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01877c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High performance silk fibers were produced directly from the silk glands of silkworms (Bombyx mori) following an alternative route to natural spinning. This route is based on a traditional procedure that consists of soaking the silk glands in a vinegar solution and stretching them by hand leading to the so called silkworm guts. Here we present, to the authors' best knowledge, the first comprehensive study on the formation, properties and microstructure of silkworm gut fibers. Comparison of the tensile properties and microstructural organization of the silkworm guts with those of naturally spun fibers allows gain of a deeper insight into the mechanisms that lead to the formation of the fiber, as well as the relationship between the microstructure and properties of these materials. In this regard, it is proved that an acidic environment and subsequent application of tensile stress in the range of 1000 kPa are sufficient conditions for the formation of a silk fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Cenis
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, 30150 La Alberca (Murcia), Spain
| | - Rodrigo Madurga
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Salvador D Aznar-Cervantes
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, 30150 La Alberca (Murcia), Spain
| | - A Abel Lozano-Pérez
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario, 30150 La Alberca (Murcia), Spain
| | - Núria Marí-Buyé
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Meseguer-Olmo
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM) and Hospital Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gustavo R Plaza
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gustavo V Guinea
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Elices
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Del Pozo
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Plaza GR, Uyeda TQP, Mirzaei Z, Simmons CA. Study of the influence of actin-binding proteins using linear analyses of cell deformability. Soft Matter 2015; 11:5435-5446. [PMID: 26059185 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in the deformability of the cell and in mechanosensing. Here we analyze the contributions of three major actin cross-linking proteins, myosin II, α-actinin and filamin, to cell deformability, by using micropipette aspiration of Dictyostelium cells. We examine the applicability of three simple mechanical models: for small deformation, linear viscoelasticity and drop of liquid with a tense cortex; and for large deformation, a Newtonian viscous fluid. For these models, we have derived linearized equations and we provide a novel, straightforward methodology to analyze the experiments. This methodology allowed us to differentiate the effects of the cross-linking proteins in the different regimes of deformation. Our results confirm some previous observations and suggest important relations between the molecular characteristics of the actin-binding proteins and the cell behavior: the effect of myosin is explained in terms of the relation between the lifetime of the bond to actin and the resistive force; the presence of α-actinin obstructs the deformation of the cytoskeleton, presumably mainly due to the higher molecular stiffness and to the lower dissociation rate constants; and filamin contributes critically to the global connectivity of the network, possibly by rapidly turning over cross-links during the remodeling of the cytoskeletal network, thanks to the higher rate constants, flexibility and larger size. The results suggest a sophisticated relationship between the expression levels of actin-binding proteins, deformability and mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Perea GB, Solanas C, Plaza GR, Guinea GV, Jorge I, Vázquez J, Pérez Mateos JM, Marí-Buyé N, Elices M, Pérez-Rigueiro J. Unexpected behavior of irradiated spider silk links conformational freedom to mechanical performance. Soft Matter 2015; 11:4868-4878. [PMID: 25994594 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibers from Argiope trifasciata and Nephila inaurata orb-web weaving spiders were UV irradiated to modify the molecular weight of the constituent proteins. Fibers were characterized either as forcibly silked or after being subjected to maximum supercontraction. The effect of irradiation on supercontraction was also studied, both in terms of the percentage of supercontraction and the tensile properties exhibited by irradiated and subsequently supercontracted fibers. The effects of UV exposure at the molecular level were assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. It is shown that UV-irradiated fibers show a steady decrease in their main tensile parameters, most notably, tensile strength and strain. The combination of the mechanical and biochemical data suggests that the restricted conformational freedom of the proteins after UV irradiation is critical in the reduction of these properties. Consequently, an adequate topological organization of the protein chains emerges as a critical design principle in the performance of spider silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Belén Perea
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Daza R, Cruces J, Arroyo-Hernández M, Marí-Buyé N, De la Fuente M, Plaza GR, Elices M, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Guinea GV. Topographical and mechanical characterization of living eukaryotic cells on opaque substrates: development of a general procedure and its application to the study of non-adherent lymphocytes. Phys Biol 2015; 12:026005. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/12/2/026005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jiang P, Marí-Buyé N, Madurga R, Arroyo-Hernández M, Solanas C, Gañán A, Daza R, Plaza GR, Guinea GV, Elices M, Cenis JL, Pérez-Rigueiro J. Spider silk gut: development and characterization of a novel strong spider silk fiber. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7326. [PMID: 25475975 PMCID: PMC4256644 DOI: 10.1038/srep07326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider silk fibers were produced through an alternative processing route that differs widely from natural spinning. The process follows a procedure traditionally used to obtain fibers directly from the glands of silkworms and requires exposure to an acid environment and subsequent stretching. The microstructure and mechanical behavior of the so-called spider silk gut fibers can be tailored to concur with those observed in naturally spun spider silk, except for effects related with the much larger cross-sectional area of the former. In particular spider silk gut has a proper ground state to which the material can revert independently from its previous loading history by supercontraction. A larger cross-sectional area implies that spider silk gut outperforms the natural material in terms of the loads that the fiber can sustain. This property suggests that it could substitute conventional spider silk fibers in some intended uses, such as sutures and scaffolds in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Jiangxi Province, Ji'an. 343009, China
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
| | - Núria Marí-Buyé
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - Rodrigo Madurga
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - María Arroyo-Hernández
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - Concepción Solanas
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - Alfonso Gañán
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros. Universidad de Sevilla. 41092. Sevilla. Spain
| | - Rafael Daza
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - Gustavo R. Plaza
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - Manuel Elices
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
| | - José Luis Cenis
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario. 30150 La Alberca (Murcia). Spain
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid). Spain
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales. ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. 28040. Madrid. Spain
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Plaza GR, Marí N, Gálvez BG, Bernal A, Guinea GV, Daza R, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Solanas C, Elices M. Simple measurement of the apparent viscosity of a cell from only one picture: Application to cardiac stem cells. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:052715. [PMID: 25493824 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.052715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical deformability of cells is a key property that influences their ability to migrate and their contribution to tissue development and regeneration. We analyze here the possibility of characterizing the overall deformability of cells by their apparent viscosity, using a simplified method to estimate that parameter. The proposed method simplifies the quantitative analysis of micropipette-aspiration experiments. We have studied by this procedure the overall apparent viscosity of cardiac stem cells, which are considered a promising tool to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue. Comparison with the apparent viscosity of low-viscosity cells such as immune-system cells suggests that treatments to reduce the viscosity of these cells could enhance their ability to repair damaged cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Plaza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Marí
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B G Gálvez
- Department of Regenerative Cardiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Bernal
- Department of Regenerative Cardiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - G V Guinea
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Daza
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pérez-Rigueiro
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Solanas
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Elices
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Solanas C, Herrero S, Dasari A, Plaza GR, Llorca J, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Elices M, Guinea GV. Insights into the production and characterization of electrospun fibers from regenerated silk fibroin. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Perea GB, Plaza GR, Guinea GV, Elices M, Velasco B, Pérez-Rigueiro J. The variability and interdependence of spider viscid line tensile properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:4722-8. [PMID: 24072798 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.094011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
True stress-true strain curves of naturally spun viscid line fibres retrieved directly from the spiral of orb-webs built by Argiope trifasciata spiders were measured using a novel methodology. This new procedure combines a method for removing the aqueous coating of the fibres and a technique that allows the accurate measurement of their cross-sectional area. Comparison of the tensile behaviour of different samples indicated that naturally spun viscid lines show a large variability, comparable to that of other silks, such as major ampullate gland silk and silkworm silk. Nevertheless, application of a statistical analysis allowed the identification of two independent parameters that underlie the variability and characterize the observed range of true stress-true strain curves. The combination of this result with previous mechanical and microstructural data suggested the assignment of these two independent effects to the degree of alignment of the protein chains and to the local relative humidity, which, in turn, depends on the composition of the viscous coating and on the external environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia Belén Perea
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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Guinea GV, Elices M, Plaza GR, Perea GB, Daza R, Riekel C, Agulló-Rueda F, Hayashi C, Zhao Y, Pérez-Rigueiro J. Minor ampullate silks from Nephila and Argiope spiders: tensile properties and microstructural characterization. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2087-98. [PMID: 22668322 DOI: 10.1021/bm3004644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical behavior and microstructure of minor ampullate gland silk (miS) of two orb-web spinning species, Argiope trifasciata and Nephila inaurata, were extensively characterized, enabling detailed comparison with other silks. The similarities and differences exhibited by miS when compared with the intensively studied major ampullate gland silk (MAS) and silkworm (Bombyx mori) silk offer a genuine opportunity for testing some of the hypotheses proposed to correlate microstructure and tensile properties in silk. In this work, we show that miSs of different species show similar properties, even when fibers spun by spiders that diverged over 100 million years are compared. The tensile properties of miS are comparable to those of MAS when tested in air, significantly in terms of work to fracture, but differ considerably when tested in water. In particular, miS does not show a supercontraction effect and an associated ground state. In this regard, the behavior of miS in water is similar to that of B. mori silk, and it is shown that the initial elastic modulus of both fibers can be explained using a common model. Intriguingly, the microstructural parameters measured in miS are comparable to those of MAS and considerably different from those found in B. mori. This fact suggests that some critical microstructural information is still missing in our description of silks, and our results suggest that the hydrophilicity of the lateral groups or the large scale organization of the sequences might be routes worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Guinea
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Plaza GR, Corsini P, Marsano E, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Elices M, Riekel C, Vendrely C, Guinea GV. Correlation between processing conditions, microstructure and mechanical behavior in regenerated silkworm silk fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Elices M, Plaza GR, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Guinea GV. The hidden link between supercontraction and mechanical behavior of spider silks. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 4:658-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Plaza GR. Energy distribution in disordered elastic networks. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 82:031902. [PMID: 21230103 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.031902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Disordered networks are found in many natural and artificial materials, from gels or cytoskeletal structures to metallic foams or bones. Here, the energy distribution in this type of networks is modeled, taking into account the orientation of the struts. A correlation between the orientation and the energy per unit volume is found and described as a function of the connectivity in the network and the relative bending stiffness of the struts. If one or both parameters have relatively large values, the struts aligned in the loading direction present the highest values of energy. On the contrary, if these have relatively small values, the highest values of energy can be reached in the struts oriented transversally. This result allows explaining in a simple way remodeling processes in biological materials, for example, the remodeling of trabecular bone and the reorganization in the cytoskeleton. Additionally, the correlation between the orientation, the affinity, and the bending-stretching ratio in the network is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
The development of a reliable procedure for removing the viscous coating of viscid silk has allowed the accurate characterization of the tensile behavior of clean flagelliform silk (i.e., silk of the flagelliform gland without the viscous coating synthetised in the aggregate gland). For comparison, tensile tests on native viscid silk (with the viscous coating) fibers were also performed. It was found that viscid silk, either native or clean, has an elastomeric behavior when kept wet, either by immersion in water (clean fibers) or by the effect of the viscid coating (native fibers). When tested in dry environments (35% RH, relative humidity, for clean fibers and 10% RH for native fibers), their mechanical behavior was no longer elastomeric, with it being more similar to other silk fibers. Furthermore, it was noticed that flagelliform silk fibers show a ground state to which they can return independent of the previous loading history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo V Guinea
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Plaza GR, Corsini P, Marsano E, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Biancotto L, Elices M, Riekel C, Agulló-Rueda F, Gallardo E, Calleja JM, Guinea GV. Old Silks Endowed with New Properties. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9017235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R. Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola Corsini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Marsano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31-16146 Genova, Italy
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lautaro Biancotto
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Elices
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Riekel
- European Synchroton Radiation Facility, B.P. 220, F-38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Eva Gallardo
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Calleja
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Elices M, Plaza GR, Arnedo MA, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Torres FG, Guinea GV. Mechanical Behavior of Silk During the Evolution of Orb-Web Spinning Spiders. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:1904-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900312c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Elices
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, España, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, España, and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, 32 Lima, Perú
| | - Gustavo R. Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, España, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, España, and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, 32 Lima, Perú
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, España, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, España, and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, 32 Lima, Perú
| | - José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, España, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, España, and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, 32 Lima, Perú
| | - Fernando G. Torres
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, España, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, España, and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, 32 Lima, Perú
| | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, España, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, España, and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Perú, 32 Lima, Perú
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Plaza GR, Corsini P, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Marsano E, Guinea GV, Elices M. Effect of water onBombyx mori regenerated silk fibers and its application in modifying their mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pérez-Rigueiro J, Elices M, Plaza GR, Guinea GV. Similarities and Differences in the Supramolecular Organization of Silkworm and Spider Silk. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma070478o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Pérez-Rigueiro
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Elices
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo R. Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo V. Guinea
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Corsini P, Perez-Rigueiro J, Guinea GV, Plaza GR, Elices M, Marsano E, Carnasciali MM, Freddi G. Influence of the draw ratio on the tensile and fracture behavior of NMMO regenerated silk fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
The characterization of silk properties requires a reliable measurement of stress-strain curves from tensile tests, which calls for a detailed analysis of what is considered the cross section of the sample and how it varies during the experiments. Here, spider silk fibers from the major ampullate gland (MAS) of Argiope trifasciata spiders are tensile tested, and the cross-sectional area is measured under different strained configurations. It has been found that the fiber volume remains practically constant during stretching, and deformation proceeds homogeneously in all the fibers. The conservation of volume is validated independently of the type of fiber and the strain level. This result, applied to compute true stress-strain curves for different MAS fibers, shows that the description of their properties depends noticeably on which set of tensile parameters is chosen (true or engineering), and that engineering values could lead to misinterpretation of experiments that combine results from different strain ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Guinea
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, c/ Profesor Aranguren s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
SUMMARY
In this study of the effect of anaesthesia on both the forced silking process and on the properties of the retrieved silk fibres, a monitored forced silking process enables the silking force to be measured during the whole process. Silk samples were tensile-tested and their diameters measured. Force-displacement curves and stress-strain curves were drawn. The evolution of the silking process of anaesthetized spiders is found to be complex, but it sheds light on the details of the spinning mechanism of spider silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pérez-Rigueiro
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Plaza GR, Guinea GV, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Elices M. Thermo-hygro-mechanical behavior of spider dragline silk: Glassy and rubbery states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guinea GV, Elices M, Pérez-Rigueiro J, Plaza GR. Stretching of supercontracted fibers: a link between spinning and the variability of spider silk. J Exp Biol 2005; 208:25-30. [PMID: 15601874 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The spinning of spider silk requires a combination of aqueous environment and stretching, and the aim of this work was to explore the role of stretching silk fibers in an aqueous environment and its effect on the tensile properties of spider silk. In particular, the sensitivity of the spider silk tensile behaviour to wet-stretching could be relevant in the search for a relationship between processing and the variability of the tensile properties. Based on this idea and working with MAS silk from Argiope trifasciata orb-web building spiders, we developed a novel procedure that permits modification of the tensile properties of spider silk: silk fibers were allowed to supercontract and subsequently stretched in water. The ratio between the length after stretching and the initial supercontracted length was used to control the process. Tensile tests performed in air, after drying,demonstrated that this simple procedure allows to predictable reproduction of the stress-strain curves of either naturally spun or forcibly silked fibers. These results suggest that the supercontracted state has a critical biological function during the spinning process of spider silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Guinea
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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