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Shetty VB, Fournier PA, Davey RJ, Retterath AJ, Paramalingam N, Roby HC, Davis EA, Jones TW. The time lag prior to the rise in glucose requirements to maintain stable glycaemia during moderate exercise in a fasted insulinaemic state is of short duration and unaffected by the level at which glycaemia is maintained in Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1404-1411. [PMID: 29939421 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the duration of the low hypoglycaemia risk period after the start of moderate-intensity exercise performed under basal insulinaemic conditions and whether this period is affected by the level at which glycaemia is maintained under these conditions. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized counterbalanced study. Eight participants with Type 1 diabetes (mean ± sd age 21.5 ± 4.0 years) underwent either a euglycaemic (5-6 mmol/l) or hyperglycaemic clamp (9-10 mmol/l) on separate days and were infused with insulin at basal rates and [6,6-2 H]glucose while cycling for 40 min at 50% maximum oxygen consumption rate. The main outcome measures were the glucose infusion rates required to maintain stable glycaemia and glucoregulatory hormone levels, and rates of glucose appearance and disappearance. RESULTS During the first 20 min of exercise, the glucose infusion rate did not increase significantly, irrespective of the level at which glycaemia was maintained, but increased acutely between 20 and 25 min under both conditions. Maintaining higher glycaemia resulted in higher glucose infusion rate during, but not early post-exercise. With the exception of epinephrine, the glucoregulatory hormone levels and rates of glucose appearance and disappearance were similar between conditions. CONCLUSION Irrespective of the levels at which glycaemia is maintained, there is a 20-min low exogenous glucose demand period during which the exogenous glucose requirements to maintain stable glycaemia do not increase during moderate exercise performed at basal insulin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Shetty
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Diabetes Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P A Fournier
- School of Human Sciences, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Diabetes Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - R J Davey
- Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Diabetes Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - A J Retterath
- Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Diabetes Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - N Paramalingam
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Diabetes Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - H C Roby
- Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Diabetes Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - E A Davis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Diabetes Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - T W Jones
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Children's Diabetes Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Paramalingam N, Fournier PA, Davey RJ, Roby HC, Smith GJ, Shetty VB, Guelfi KJ, Davis EA, Jones TW. A 10-second sprint does not blunt hormonal counter-regulation to subsequent hypoglycaemia. Diabet Med 2017; 34:1440-1446. [PMID: 28586510 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether a 10-second (s) sprint impairs the counter-regulatory response to subsequent hypoglycaemia. METHODS Nine people (five male, four female) with Type 1 diabetes, aged 21.1 ± 4.5 years, performed a 10-s rest or a 10-s maximum-effort sprint in random order on different days, while subjected to an euinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. This was followed by a hyperinsulinaemic-hypoglycaemic glucose clamp 2.5 h later to induce hypoglycaemia for 40 min. At timed intervals, the counter-regulatory hormonal responses to hypoglycaemia were measured. Blood pressure, heart rate and hypoglycaemic symptoms were also assessed. RESULTS During the hypoglycaemic clamp, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol levels increased significantly from baseline, and their responses were similar after both rest and sprint conditions. In particular, plasma epinephrine rose eightfold, from 197 ± 103 pmol/l to 1582 ± 1118 pmol/l after the rest condition, and from 219 ± 119 pmol/l to 1900 ± 898 pmol/l after the sprint condition. CONCLUSION A 10-s sprint is unlikely to blunt the subsequent hormonal counter-regulation to hypoglycaemia in individuals with Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Paramalingam
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, within the Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P A Fournier
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - R J Davey
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, within the Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - H C Roby
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - G J Smith
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - V B Shetty
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, within the Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - K J Guelfi
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - E A Davis
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, within the Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - T W Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, within the Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Abraham MB, Nicholas JA, Ly TT, Roby HC, Paramalingam N, Fairchild J, King BR, Ambler GR, Cameron F, Davis EA, Jones TW. Safety and efficacy of the predictive low glucose management system in the prevention of hypoglycaemia: protocol for randomised controlled home trial to evaluate the Suspend before low function. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011589. [PMID: 27084290 PMCID: PMC4838718 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Innovations with sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAPT) to reduce hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes are an ongoing area of research. The predictive low glucose management (PLGM) system incorporates continuous glucose sensor data into an algorithm and suspends basal insulin before the occurrence of hypoglycaemia. The system was evaluated in in-clinic studies, and has informed the parameters of a larger home trial to study its efficacy and safety in real life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The aim of this report is to describe the study design and outcome measures for the trial. This is a 6-month, multicentre, randomised controlled home trial to test the PLGM system in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The system is available in the Medtronic MiniMed 640G pump as the 'Suspend before low' feature. Following a run-in period, participants are randomised to either the control arm with SAPT alone or the intervention arm with SAPT and Suspend before low. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the time spent hypoglycaemic (sensor glucose <3.5 mmol/L) with and without the system. The secondary aims are to determine the number of hypoglycaemic events, the time spent hyperglycaemic, and to evaluate safety with ketosis and changes in glycated haemoglobin. The study also aims to assess the changes in counter-regulatory hormone responses to hypoglycaemia evaluated by a hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp in a subgroup of patients with impaired awareness. Validated questionnaires are used to measure the fear of hypoglycaemia and the impact on the quality of life to assess burden of the disease. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics committee permissions were gained from respective Institutional Review boards. The findings of the study will provide high quality evidence of the ability of the system in the prevention of hypoglycaemia in real life. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12614000510640, Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Abraham
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J A Nicholas
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia,Australia
| | - T T Ly
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia,Australia
| | - H C Roby
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia,Australia
| | - N Paramalingam
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia,Australia
| | - J Fairchild
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - B R King
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G R Ambler
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Cameron
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E A Davis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia,Australia
| | - T W Jones
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia,Australia
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