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Almeida JZ, Vieira LA, Maside C, Ferreira ACA, Sá NAR, Correia HHV, Araújo VR, Raposo RS, Smitz J, Campello CC, Figueiredo JR, Oriá RB. In vitro cytotoxic effects of 5-Fluorouracil on isolated murine ovarian preantral follicles. Theriogenology 2022; 178:60-66. [PMID: 34775200 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
5 fluorouracil (5FU), an antineoplastic drug, is often utilized in the therapeutic regimen for several types of cancer, including the hepatoblastoma in children. The effects of 5FU on the population of ovarian preantral follicles, which is the largest oocyte reservoir, is still poorly understood. The integrity of the ovarian preantral follicle pool is important for lifelong fertility. The better understanding of such effects may favor intervention strategies to protect fertility in 5FU-treated children and women coping with cancer. To analyze the effects of 5FU on isolated murine secondary follicles in vitro, ovaries were collected from young mice (28-30 days old), and secondary follicles were isolated and cultured for 12 days in basic culture medium, with or without 5FU at concentrations of 0.3 mM, 1 mM, 3 mM, 10 mM, and 30 mM. In the in vitro study, we analyzed the percentage of morphologically normal follicles, antrum formation, follicular diameter, and hormone production. On day 12, oocytes were recovered for in vitro maturation. 5FU treatment did not alter the percentage of morphologically normal follicles. On day 12, only 1, 10, and 30 mM 5FU significantly reduced the percentage of antrum. From day 4 onwards, 5FU treatments significantly reduced follicle diameter. The meiosis resumption rate was significantly lower in all 5FU treatments. 5FU concentrations ≥3 mM reduced estradiol levels. In conclusion, 5FU does not affect follicular morphology. However, 5FU deleteriously affects follicular growth, estradiol production, and oocyte maturation in isolated ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Z Almeida
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition (LABICONTE), Department of Morphology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), 1315 Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - L A Vieira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Manipulation (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara (UECE), 1700 Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, Fortaleza, CE, 60741-000, Brazil
| | - C Maside
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Manipulation (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara (UECE), 1700 Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, Fortaleza, CE, 60741-000, Brazil
| | - A C A Ferreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Manipulation (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara (UECE), 1700 Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, Fortaleza, CE, 60741-000, Brazil
| | - N A R Sá
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Manipulation (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara (UECE), 1700 Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, Fortaleza, CE, 60741-000, Brazil
| | - H H V Correia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Manipulation (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara (UECE), 1700 Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, Fortaleza, CE, 60741-000, Brazil
| | - V R Araújo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Manipulation (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara (UECE), 1700 Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, Fortaleza, CE, 60741-000, Brazil
| | - R S Raposo
- Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), 1321 Av. Washington Soares, Fortaleza, CE, 60811-905, Brazil
| | - J Smitz
- Laboratory of Follicle Biology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, B-1090, Brazil
| | - C C Campello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Manipulation (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara (UECE), 1700 Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, Fortaleza, CE, 60741-000, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Manipulation (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara (UECE), 1700 Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, Fortaleza, CE, 60741-000, Brazil.
| | - R B Oriá
- Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny, and Nutrition (LABICONTE), Department of Morphology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), 1315 Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
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Correia HHV, Vieira LA, Mielgo CM, Paes VM, Alves BG, Silva JRV, Wheeler MB, Rodrigues APR, Figueiredo JR. Cilostamide affects in a concentration and exposure time-dependent manner the viability and the kinetics of in vitro maturation of caprine and bovine oocytes. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:22-28. [PMID: 30448391 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated: 1) the kinetics of oocyte chromatin configuration during in vitro maturation (IVM) of caprine and bovine oocytes; and 2) the effect of in vitro pre-maturation (IVPM) with cilostamide with or without association of the follicular wall (FW) on the same parameters. In experiment I, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in vitro in a standard maturation medium for 6, 12, 18 or 30 h. For experiment II, the COCs were cultured for 30 h, either in a standard IVM medium or in IVPM containing cilostamide (10 or 20 μM) and FW alone or in combination, for 6 or 12 h before the onset of maturation. The MII rate was similar (P > .05) between 18 and 30 h of maturation, both of which were higher (P < .05) than 6 and 12 h IVM in both species (Experiment I). Contrary to caprine, all IVPM treatments presented a higher (P < .05) percentage of bovine oocytes arrested at the GV stage than the control treatment after 6 h of culture. The percentage of MII oocytes after 30 h (IVPM+IVM) of culture in bovine oocytes treated with 10 μM cilostamide associated with FW and FW alone cultured for 6 h presented MII percentages similar to the control. However, in caprine, these treatments significantly reduced the percentages of MII in relation to the control treatment (Experiment II). In conclusion, the combination of concentration-exposure time to cilostamide during IVPM delayed meiotic progression in bovine after 6 and 12 h of culture. However, overall the culture period (IVPM+IVM) influenced the oocyte chromatin configuration and kinetics in both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H V Correia
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - L A Vieira
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C M Mielgo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - V M Paes
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - B G Alves
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J R V Silva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - M B Wheeler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - A P R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Rocha RMP, Lima LF, Brito IR, Silva GM, Correia HHV, Ribeiro de Sá NA, Ferreira ACA, Sales AD, Lobo CH, Campello CC, Smitz J, Wheeler MB, Figueiredo JR. Anti-Müllerian hormone reduces growth rate without altering follicular survival in isolated caprine preantral follicles cultured in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1144-1154. [PMID: 27166082 DOI: 10.1071/rd15290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), with and without FSH, on the in vitro development of isolated caprine preantral follicles, as well as follicular steroid production and mRNA levels of AMH, hormone receptors (AMH and FSH), CYP19A1 (cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1), CYP17 (cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1), HSD3B (3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and Myc (myelocytomatosis oncogene). Isolated secondary follicles were cultured in minimum essential medium alpha (α-MEM+) alone or supplemented with 50ng mL-1 AMH and/or 100ng mL-1 FSH added sequentially on different days of culture. Follicles were cultured for a total of 18 days, with different media during the first (Days 0-9) and second (Days 10-18) halves of the culture period, resulting in six treatment groups, as follows: α-MEM+/α-MEM+, FSH/FSH, AMH/AMH, AMH+FSH/AMH+FSH, AMH/FSH, and FSH/AMH. Follicle development was evaluated on the basis of follicular growth, oocyte maturation and steroid secretion. There was a decrease in follicular growth rate in the AMH, AMH+FSH and AMH/FSH treatment groups compared with α-MEM+ and FSH treatment groups (P<0.05). However, the different culture conditions had no effect on rates of meiotic resumption and steroid secretion (P>0.05). Moreover, follicles cultured in the presence of FSH had lower levels of AMH receptor type II (AMHRII) mRNA compared with non-cultured control (freshly isolated follicles), and the AMH and AMH/FSH treatment groups. In conclusion, AMH reduces the follicular growth rate of isolated goat preantral follicles in vitro without affecting follicular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M P Rocha
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - L F Lima
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - I R Brito
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - G M Silva
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - H H V Correia
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - N A Ribeiro de Sá
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - A C A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - A D Sales
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - C H Lobo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - C C Campello
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
| | - J Smitz
- Follicle Biology Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M B Wheeler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles -LAMOFOPA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60740-903 CE, Brazil
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Sá NAR, Araújo VR, Correia HHV, Ferreira ACA, Guerreiro DD, Sampaio AM, Escobar E, Santos FW, Moura AA, Lôbo CH, Ceccatto VM, Campello CC, Rodrigues APR, Leal-Cardoso JH, Figueiredo JR. Anethole improves the in vitro development of isolated caprine secondary follicles. Theriogenology 2015; 89:226-234. [PMID: 28043356 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three concentrations of anethole (30, 300, and 2000 μg/mL) on survival, antrum formation, follicular diameter, and oocyte maturation in the caprine species. The study also evaluated the effects of anethole on transcripts of ICAM-1, CAV-1, TIMP-2, and PAI-1 genes and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in isolated goat preantral ovarian follicles before and after in vitro culture for 18 days. Preantral follicles were isolated from goat ovaries and individually cultured in alpha minimum essential medium modified (α-MEM+), defined as the control treatment, α-MEM+ supplemented with ascorbic acid at a concentration of 100 μg/mL (AA), or α-MEM+ supplemented with three different concentrations of anethole (30, 300, 2000 μg/mL) for a period of 18 days. Treatments were named as α-MEM+, AA, AN30, AN300, and AN2000, respectively. After culture, the follicles were opened, the cumulus oocytes complex (COCs) were removed and matured in vitro. The walls of the follicles were used for the quantitation of mRNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the medium collected at the end of culture was used for the measurements of ROS. After 18 days of culture, the AA treatment showed the percentage of intact follicles and follicular diameter significantly higher compared with the other treatments. However, daily growth rate, antrum formation, and also oocyte diameter were similar among the treatments. In addition, compared with AA, the rate of oocytes for in vitro maturation (diameter ≥ 110 μm) and the meiosis resumption rate were significantly higher in the treatments AN30 and AN2000, respectively. When assessing gene related to remodeling of the basement membrane, significant differences in mRNA levels for ICAM-1, CAV-1, TIMP-2, and PAI-1 were observed in comparison with Day 0, i.e., in the noncultured control. In addition, the ROS from Day 12, all treatments with the addition of anethole have significantly lower values of ROS than α-MEM+ and AA. In conclusion, the addition of anethole to the in vitro culture medium was able to improve the development of goat preantral follicles by reducing concentrations of ROS and increasing the percentage of oocytes able to resume meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A R Sá
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - V R Araújo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - H H V Correia
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A C A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - D D Guerreiro
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A M Sampaio
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - E Escobar
- Laboratory of Reproduction Biotechnology, Campus Uruguayana, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - F W Santos
- Laboratory of Reproduction Biotechnology, Campus Uruguayana, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - A A Moura
- Department of Zootecnia, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C H Lôbo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - V M Ceccatto
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C C Campello
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A P R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J H Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Ferreira ACA, Maside C, Sá NAR, Guerreiro DD, Correia HHV, Leiva-Revilla J, Lobo CH, Araújo VR, Apgar GA, Brandão FZ, Figueiredo JR, Campello CC. Balance of insulin and FSH concentrations improves the in vitro development of isolated goat preantral follicles in medium containing GH. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 165:1-10. [PMID: 26723481 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of insulin and FSH concentrations in culture media containing GH on the in vitro follicle morphology, antrum formation, growth rates, estradiol (E2) production, oocyte viability and maturation as well as gene expression for FSHR, GHR, INSR, CYP19A1, CYP17, 3ßHSD. Secondary follicles were individually cultured for 18 days in a basic medium containing 50ng/mL GH supplemented with low insulin concentration (INS-LW: 10ng/mL) or high insulin concentration (INS-HG: 10μg/mL) alone or with a fixed FSH concentration (FSH100: 100ng/mL) or with increasing FSH concentrations (FSH-SEQ: 100ng/mL, days 0-6; 500ng/mL, days 6-12; 1000ng/mL days 12-18). In the INS-LW treatment was observed a higher (P<0.05) incidence of normal follicles at day 18 of culture. However, overall higher (P<0.05) follicular growth, oocyte diameter and meiotic resumption rates were obtained using INS-HG+FSH 100. The INS-HG and INS-HG+FSH100 treatments showed higher E2 production and mRNA levels for CYP19A1, CYP17, 3βHSD when compared to INS-LW and INS-LW+FSH100. However, the addition of increasing FSH concentration, regardless of insulin concentration, did not improve the follicular growth, meotic resumption, E2 production or gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes when compared with INS-HG+FSH100. In conclusion, in presence of GH, a basic medium supplemented with 10μg/mL insulin and 100μg/mL FSH throughout the culture period, improves follicular and oocyte growth, oocyte meiotic resumption and E2 production from isolated preantral caprine follicles cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - C Maside
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - N A R Sá
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - D D Guerreiro
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - H H V Correia
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J Leiva-Revilla
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C H Lobo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - V R Araújo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Health Sciences Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - G A Apgar
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA
| | - F Z Brandão
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C C Campello
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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