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Sheehan A, Thomson R, Arundell F, Pierce H. A mixed methods evaluation of Multiple Mini Interviews for entry into the Bachelor of Midwifery. Women Birth 2023; 36:193-204. [PMID: 36050269 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple-mini interviews (MMI) are increasingly used as part of the admission process into healthcare degrees. Evaluations have found MMIs to be a fair assessment tool in terms of reliability and validity and viewed positively by those involved in the MMI process. The use of MMIs in midwifery is novel and evaluation is lacking. AIM To evaluate the use of MMIs as part of the admission process for the Bachelor of Midwifery in one Australian university. METHODS A basic convergent mixed methods study design was utilised. Data included linked data sets, Likert scale responses to survey questions, focus groups and open-ended survey questions. Integration took place at the interpretation and reporting stage. FINDINGS Participants viewed the MMI experience positively. The study confirmed the reliability of the MMIs as an assessment tool. Most variance in MMI scores was attributed to the candidate at 31.4 % with the interviewer and the interview station having less influence on the MMI score at 11 % and 6.4 % variance. Older applicants on average achieved higher MMI scores, and those who spoke a language other than English at home or were first in family to attend university had lower on average MMI scores. Being born overseas did not impact an applicant's MMI score. The overall experience was seen as fair, offering further opportunity to gain entry into the Bachelor of Midwifery. CONCLUSION MMIs were viewed positively and findings support the use of MMIs as part of an admissions process for the Bachelor of Midwifery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sheehan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Parramatta South Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - R Thomson
- Graduate Research School and the Centre for Research in Mathematics and Data Science Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - F Arundell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Parramatta South Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - H Pierce
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Parramatta South Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
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Pinho S, Wei Q, Maryanovich M, Zhang D, Balandrán JC, Pierce H, Nakahara F, Di Staulo A, Bartholdy BA, Xu J, Borger DK, Verma A, Frenette PS. VCAM1 confers innate immune tolerance on haematopoietic and leukaemic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:290-298. [PMID: 35210567 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) home to the bone marrow via, in part, interactions with vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1)1-3. Once in the bone marrow, HSCs are vetted by perivascular phagocytes to ensure their self-integrity. Here we show that VCAM1 is also expressed on healthy HSCs and upregulated on leukaemic stem cells (LSCs), where it serves as a quality-control checkpoint for entry into bone marrow by providing 'don't-eat-me' stamping in the context of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) presentation. Although haplotype-mismatched HSCs can engraft, Vcam1 deletion, in the setting of haplotype mismatch, leads to impaired haematopoietic recovery due to HSC clearance by mononuclear phagocytes. Mechanistically, VCAM1 'don't-eat-me' activity is regulated by β2-microglobulin MHC presentation on HSCs and paired Ig-like receptor-B (PIR-B) on phagocytes. VCAM1 is also used by cancer cells to escape immune detection as its expression is upregulated in multiple cancers, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), where high expression associates with poor prognosis. In AML, VCAM1 promotes disease progression, whereas VCAM1 inhibition or deletion reduces leukaemia burden and extends survival. These results suggest that VCAM1 engagement regulates a critical immune-checkpoint gate in the bone marrow, and offers an alternative strategy to eliminate cancer cells via modulation of the innate immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinho
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Maryanovich
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Balandrán
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Halley Pierce
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fumio Nakahara
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anna Di Staulo
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Boris A Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jianing Xu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel K Borger
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Sheehan A, Thomson R, Pierce H, Arundell F. The impact of Multiple Mini Interviews on the attrition and academic outcomes of midwifery students. Women Birth 2021; 35:e318-e327. [PMID: 34452869 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Admission to the Bachelor of Midwifery (BMid) in Australia has traditionally been based on academic ranking. The BMid is a high demand course offered to a limited number of students and therefore choosing applicants who complete the degree is important. Multiple Mini Interviews (MMIs) are used to assess non-cognitive skills and select students into healthcare degrees. One university in Australia has introduced MMIs as part of the application process for the BMid. AIM Compare attrition rates and Grade Point Average (GPA) scores between students admitted into the BMid using both academic ranking and MMIs, to those admitted on academic ranking alone. METHODS A basic convergent mixed methods design, using an explanatory unidirectional framework to integrate data. Attrition rates, GPA, and multiple mini interview scores (2013-2019), were linked and compared for before and after the use of MMI's. Focus groups with students, interviewers, and hospital-based educators, explored stakeholder experiences. Open-ended questions from an applicant survey were added to the qualitative data set, which was analysed thematically. FINDINGS Students who enrolled via the MMI's had significantly lower attrition rates than those enrolled before MMI's were introduced. GPA scores were significantly higher for students who enrolled via the MMI's. Integration of data found MMI's identified students passionate to undertake midwifery, and that success at the interviews increased students' confidence to successfully complete their studies. CONCLUSION MMI's as part of the entry process into the BMid enabled identification of applicants more likely to remain in the course and succeed in their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sheehan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Parramatta South Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - R Thomson
- Graduate Research School and the Centre for Research in Mathematics and Data Science, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - H Pierce
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Parramatta South Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
| | - F Arundell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Parramatta South Campus, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia.
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Fainberg J, Gaffney C, Pierce H, Aboukhshaba A, Kashanian J. 041 Does Prostate Biopsy Cause Erectile Dysfunction? A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis. J Sex Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Fainberg J, Gaffney C, Pierce H, Aboukhshaba A, Kashanian J. 144 Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review with Contemporary Treatment Considerations. J Sex Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Maryanovich M, Zahalka A, Pierce H, Pinho S, Nakahara F, Asada N, Wei Q, Wang X, Frenette P. Adrenergic Nerve Degeneration in the Bone Marrow Drives Aging of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Exp Hematol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Asada N, Kunisaki Y, Pierce H, Wang Z, Fernandez NF, Birbrair A, Ma'ayan A, Frenette PS. Differential cytokine contributions of perivascular haematopoietic stem cell niches. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:214-223. [PMID: 28218906 PMCID: PMC5467892 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arterioles and sinusoids of the bone marrow (BM) are accompanied by stromal cells that express nerve/glial antigen 2 (NG2) and leptin receptor (LepR), and constitute specialized niches that regulate quiescence and proliferation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, how niche cells differentially regulate HSC functions remains unknown. Here, we show that the effects of cytokines regulating HSC functions are dependent on the producing cell sources. Deletion of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 12 (Cxcl12) or stem cell factor (Scf) from all perivascular cells marked by nestin-GFP dramatically depleted BM HSCs. Selective Cxcl12 deletion from arteriolar NG2+ cells, but not from sinusoidal LepR+ cells, caused HSC reductions and altered HSC localization in BM. By contrast, deletion of Scf in LepR+ cells, but not NG2+ cells, led to reductions in BM HSC numbers. These results uncover distinct contributions of cytokines derived from perivascular cells in separate vascular niches to HSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Asada
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Halley Pierce
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Nicolas F Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Pierce H, Zhang D, Magnon C, Lucas D, Christin JR, Huggins M, Schwartz GJ, Frenette PS. Cholinergic Signals from the CNS Regulate G-CSF-Mediated HSC Mobilization from Bone Marrow via a Glucocorticoid Signaling Relay. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:648-658.e4. [PMID: 28196601 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are mobilized from niches in the bone marrow (BM) to the blood circulation by the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) through complex mechanisms. Among these, signals from the sympathetic nervous system regulate HSC egress via its niche, but how the brain communicates with the BM remains largely unknown. Here we show that muscarinic receptor type-1 (Chrm1) signaling in the hypothalamus promotes G-CSF-elicited HSC mobilization via hormonal priming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Blockade of Chrm1 in the CNS, but not the periphery, reduces HSC mobilization. Mobilization is impaired in Chrm1-∕- mice and rescued by parabiosis with wild-type mice, suggesting a relay by a blood-borne factor. We have identified the glucocorticoid (GC) hormones as critical for optimal mobilization. Physiological levels of corticosterone promote HSC migration via the GC receptor Nr3c1-dependent signaling and upregulation of actin-organizing molecules. These results uncover long-range regulation of HSC migration emerging from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley Pierce
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Claire Magnon
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daniel Lucas
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - John R Christin
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Matthew Huggins
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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Hanoun M, Zhang D, Mizoguchi T, Pinho S, Pierce H, Kunisaki Y, Lacombe J, Armstrong SA, Dührsen U, Frenette PS. Acute myelogenous leukemia-induced sympathetic neuropathy promotes malignancy in an altered hematopoietic stem cell niche. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15:365-375. [PMID: 25017722 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) are critical for forming a healthy hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. However, the interactions and influence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) stem cells with the microenvironment remain largely unexplored. We have unexpectedly found that neuropathy of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) promotes leukemic bone marrow infiltration in an MLL-AF9 AML model. Development of AML disrupts SNS nerves and the quiescence of Nestin(+) niche cells, leading to an expansion of phenotypic MSPCs primed for osteoblastic differentiation at the expense of HSC-maintaining NG2(+) periarteriolar niche cells. Adrenergic signaling promoting leukemogenesis is transduced by the β2, but not β3, adrenergic receptor expressed on stromal cells of leukemic bone marrow. These results indicate that sympathetic neuropathy may represent a mechanism for the malignancy in order to co-opt the microenvironment and suggest separate mesenchymal niche activities for malignant and healthy hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Hanoun
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sandra Pinho
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Halley Pierce
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Julie Lacombe
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Hospital Research Laboratories, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ulrich Dührsen
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Pierce H, Zagzebski J, Molloy J, Sutlief S, Moore G. TU-C-202-06: Workshop. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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11
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Pierce H. TU-C-202-01: Ultrasound Phantoms: B-Mode, Doppler Mode and Others. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Wang WW, Spurdle AB, Kolachana P, Bove B, Modan B, Ebbers SM, Suthers G, Tucker MA, Kaufman DJ, Doody MM, Tarone RE, Daly M, Levavi H, Pierce H, Chetrit A, Yechezkel GH, Chenevix-Trench G, Offit K, Godwin AK, Struewing JP. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region of RAD51 and risk of cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001; 10:955-60. [PMID: 11535547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
RAD51 colocalizes with both BRCA1 and BRCA2, and genetic variants in RAD51 would be candidate BRCA1/2 modifiers. We searched for RAD51 polymorphisms by sequencing 20 individuals. We compared the polymorphism allele frequencies between female BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with and without breast or ovarian cancer and between population-based ovarian cancer cases with BRCA1/2 mutations to cases and controls without mutations. We discovered two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions 135 g-->c and 172 g-->t of the 5' untranslated region. In an initial group of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, 14 (21%) of 67 breast cancer cases carried a "c" allele at RAD51:135 g-->c, whereas 8 (7%) of 119 women without breast cancer carried this allele. In a second set of 466 mutation carriers from three centers, the association of RAD51:135 g-->c with breast cancer risk was not confirmed. Analyses restricted to the 216 BRCA2 mutation carriers, however, showed a statistically significant association of the 135 "c" allele with the risk of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence limit, 1.4-40). BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with ovarian cancer were only about one half as likely to carry the RAD51:135 g-->c SNP. Analysis of the RAD51:135 g-->c SNP in 738 subjects from an Israeli ovarian cancer case-control study was consistent with a lower risk of ovarian cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with the "c" allele. We have identified a RAD51 5' untranslated region SNP that may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and a lower risk of ovarian cancer among BRCA2 mutation carriers. The biochemical basis of this risk modifier is currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Wang
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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O'Connor ME, Maddocks B, Modie C, Pierce H. The effect of different definitions of a patient on immunization assessment. Am J Public Health 2001; 91:1273-5. [PMID: 11499117 PMCID: PMC1446759 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.91.8.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2000] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this report, the authors compare immunization assessment using 2 definitions of a patient. METHODS Two Clinical Assessment Software Application (CASA) assessments were performed. The first sampled 200 two-year-olds seen at least once since birth. The second sampled 200 two-year-olds seen in the previous year. Children with incomplete immunizations in the first sample were contacted. RESULTS In the second sample, 72% of children had complete immunizations, compared with 46% in the first sample. In the first sample, 78% of children with incomplete immunizations had not been seen during the past year. Of 134 children in the first sample seen in the past year or successfully contacted, 75% had complete immunizations. CONCLUSIONS The CASA assessment's definition of a patient underestimates immunization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E O'Connor
- Cuyahoga County Board of Health, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Martignetti JA, Gelb BD, Pierce H, Picci P, Desnick RJ. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: inherited and sporadic forms have loss of heterozygosity at chromosome bands 9p21-22-evidence for a common genetic defect. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10612808 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(200002)27:2<191::aid-gcc11>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancers represent a unique opportunity to investigate the genetic etiology of their more common sporadic forms. We recently established genetic linkage for the rare autosomal-dominant bone dysplasia/cancer syndrome, diaphyseal medullary stenosis with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (DMS-MFH), to a 3-cM region on chromosome bands 9p21-22. This hereditary cancer syndrome is characterized by bone infarctions, cortical growth abnormalities, pathologic fractures, and painful debilitation. Most notably, 35% of affected individuals develop bone MFH, a sarcoma that, in its sporadic form, accounts for 6% of all bone cancers. To determine whether the hereditary and sporadic forms of bone MFH are genetically linked, we performed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies of the DMS-MFH critical region. In addition to the hereditary specimen, 71% (5/7) of informative sporadic bone MFH specimens displayed LOH for markers within that same region. Definition of the minimal region of LOH overlap effectively limited the DMS-MFH gene to a 2-cM region between markers D9S736 and D9S171. In summary, these studies suggest that a common genetic etiology underlies the autosomal-dominant and sporadic forms of this sarcoma and provide the basis for identifying the putative MFH tumor suppressor gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:191-195, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Martignetti
- Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York,NY 10029, USA.
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Kell R, Pierce H, Swoap SJ. PGAM-M expression is regulated pretranslationally in hindlimb muscles and under altered loading conditions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1999; 86:236-42. [PMID: 9887136 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1999.86.1.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic activity from the muscle-specific isoform of phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM-M) is higher within glycolytic skeletal muscles than in oxidative muscles. The hypothesis that PGAM-M is regulated pretranslationally among muscles of the hindlimb was tested using enzymatic assays, Western blots, and Northern blots. We further investigated the regulatory level(s) at which PGAM-M gene expression is controlled during hindlimb unweighting. PGAM-M mRNA and immunoreactive protein levels were fourfold lower in the rat soleus muscle than in the tibialis anterior (TA), plantaris, and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Four weeks of unweighting induced a 2.5-fold increase in PGAM enzymatic activity within the soleus muscle, a 1.8-fold increase in PGAM-M immunoreactivity, and a 3. 5-fold increase in PGAM-M mRNA. To examine potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, the proximal 400 bp of the rat PGAM-M promoter were linked to a firefly luciferase and injected into normal and unweighted TA and soleus muscles. Firefly luciferase activity was elevated two- to threefold in the TA and the unweighted soleus over the normal soleus muscle. These data suggest that PGAM-M expression is pretranslationally regulated among muscle types and within unweighted slow-twitch muscle. Furthermore, the proximal 400 bp of the PGAM-M promoter contains cis-acting sequences to allow muscle-type-specific expression of a reporter gene and responsiveness to soleus muscle unweighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kell
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA
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Pierce H, Elia N. Would the Real Nurse Please Stand up? Am J Nurs 1985. [DOI: 10.2307/3425189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schurig V, Weber R, Nicholson GJ, Oehlschlager AC, Pierce H, Pierce AM, Borden JH, Ryker LC. Enantiomer composition of natural exo- and endo-brevicomin by complexation gas chromatography/ selected ion mass spectrometry. Naturwissenschaften 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00365509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Avruch L, Fischer S, Pierce H, Oehlschlager AC. The induced biosynthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterols in yeast: potential sources of new provitamin D3 analogs. Can J Biochem 1976; 54:657-65. [PMID: 182342 DOI: 10.1139/o76-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of low concentrations of a specifically designed sterol-24-transmethylase inhibitor, 25-aza-24, 25-dihydrozymosterol (10) on sterol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined. The synthesis of cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraen-3beta-ol (4), its 7,22,24 analog (15) and the 7,24 analog (5) coupled with the availability of zymosterol (6) and cholesta-5,7,24-3beta-ol (3) derivatives facilitated a search for these sterols in cultures treated with this inhibitor. When S. cerevisiae was grown in the presence of 1.3 and 5 muM 10, it produced no ergosterol but accumulated zymosterol (6), cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraen-3beta-ol (4) and related C27 sterols (3 and 5). These results indicate blockage of the side chain methylation that normally occurs during the biosynthesis of ergosterol in yeast by compound 10 is efficient. The cholesta-5,7,22,24-tetraen-3beta-ol is a close structural analog of provitamin D3 (7-dehydrocholesterol). The inhibited yeast thus provides a source of a potentially new provitamin D3 substitute.
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