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Abedi AH, Adhami HR, Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi SS, Mirmasoumi M, Amin M. Bacillus subtilis stimulates plant growth and production of bioactive components in saffron. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38598323 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2340045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The effects of B. subtilis on the morphology and physiology of saffron were investigated using two types of soils. Three different bacterial suspensions were applied at 14-day intervals to treat saffron. Morphological attributes were recorded, and the amounts of α-crocin and safranal in the stigma extracts were quantified. The longest stigma, petal, and leaf were observed in the treated groups with 105 and 108 cfu/ml. The highest weight of stigma per corm belonged to the treated groups with 102 cfu/ml in unsterile soil and 105 and 108 cfu/ml in sterile soil. Treatment with 102 and 108 cfu/ml caused a significant increase in safranal production in sterile and unsterile peat/perlite. While treatment with 105 and 108 cfu/ml in sterile peat/perlite and exposure to 102 cfu/ml in unsterile peat/perlite soil resulted in an increase in α-crocin. The data showed that B. subtlis triggers the morphological and physiological processes in saffron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir-Hossein Abedi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Adhami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sadeq Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Group, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirmasoumi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hashemi G, Adhami HR, Rahimifard M, Baeeri M, Sarkhail P. Investigation of In vitro Wound Healing Activity of Polygonatum orientale Desf. Rhizome. TIM 2022. [DOI: 10.18502/tim.v7i2.9925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we carried out a bioassay-guided fractionation of the most active extract Polygonatum orientale Desf. rhizome, in order to isolate and identify the fraction/s or compound/s responsible for wound healing activity. The wound healing process considered via scratch wound assay on NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. The results showed that the methanol extract and its fractions A5 and A6 showed excellent wound healing effect and were rich of bioactive glycoside compounds. Fraction A6 was selected for further fractionation and two sub-fractions B5 and B6 showed acceptable wound healing on fibroblasts. B5-P (sucrose) and B6-P were isolated as two active compounds from theses fractions that significantly reduced wound area, without any toxicity at very low concentrations (50-200 ng/mL). These results supported the traditional use of P. orientale rhizome for wounds treatment and showed that the accelerated wound healing activity of the rhizome is due to the presence of bioactive polar compounds.
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Sharafi-Badr P, Karoobi S, Monsef-Esfahani HR, Ghahremani MH, Adhami HR. In vitro Cytotoxic Screening of Different Parts from Ornithogalum bungei on Selected Cancer Cells. Iran J Med Sci 2022; 47:63-72. [PMID: 35017779 PMCID: PMC8743371 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2021.89521.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products comprise a large section of pharmaceutical agents in the field of cancer therapy. In the present study, the organic extracts and fractions of various parts of Ornithogalum bungei were investigated for in vitro cytotoxic properties on three human cancer cell lines, hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), prostate cancer (PC3), and leukemia (K562) cells. METHODS The present experimental study was conducted at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) during 2017-2019. Separately extracted plant materials, including bulbs, stems, and flowers of O. bungei were assessed by the tetrazolium dye-based colorimetric assay (MTT). The selected extracts were submitted to fractionation using vacuum liquid chromatography and after MTT assay, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 (value for each fraction was determined. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The cytotoxicity of the bulb's methanol extract and the dichloromethane extract of aerial parts increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In the HepG2 cell line, the best IC50 values of fractions from DCM extracts of aerial parts were determined to be 19.8±10.2 µg/mL after 24 hours of exposure and 19.39±6.4 µg/mL following 48 hours of exposure. In the PC3 cell line, after 48 hours of exposure, the IC50 values of fractions were unaccountable, while the percentage of inhibition for A6 to A11 in 24 hours of exposure was more than 40 µg/mL. CONCLUSION O. bungei growing in Iran showed significant potentials as a cytotoxic agent with selective effects on different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Sharafi-Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Karoobi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Adhami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khatami Z, Herdlinger S, Sarkhail P, Zehl M, Kaehlig H, Schuster D, Adhami HR. Isolation and Characterization of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors from Piper longum and Binding Mode Predictions. Planta Med 2020; 86:1118-1124. [PMID: 32668479 DOI: 10.1055/a-1199-7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Restoration of cholinergic function is considered a rational approach to enhance cognitive performance. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are still the best therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease. The fruits of Piper longum have been used in traditional medicines for the treatment of memory loss. It was demonstrated that the dichloromethane extract of these fruits is able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the contained acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The active zones were presented via TLC-bioautography, and five compounds were isolated in the process of a bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation. Their structures were characterized as piperine, methyl piperate, guineenisine, pipercide, and pellitorine using spectroscopy and spectrometry methods (UV, IR, MS, 1H-, and 13C-NMR). In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the isolates and their IC50 values were determined via a colorimetric assay. Three of them exhibited enzyme inhibitory activities, with piperine being the most potent compound (IC50 of 0.3 mM). In order to investigate the binding mode of the tested compounds, docking studies were performed using the X-ray crystal structure of acetylcholinesterase from Tetronarce californica with the Protein Data Bank code 1EVE. The content of the active compounds in the extract was determined by a developed HPLC method. Piperine was present in the maximum quantity in the fruits (0.57%), whereas methyl piperate contained the minimum content (0.10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakie Khatami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sonja Herdlinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Parisa Sarkhail
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Zehl
- Mass Spectrometry Centre & Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanspeter Kaehlig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hamid-Reza Adhami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Adhami HR, Zehl M, Dangl C, Dorfmeister D, Stadler M, Urban E, Hewitson P, Ignatova S, Krenn L. Preparative isolation of oleocanthal, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol from olive oil by HPCCC. Food Chem 2014; 170:154-9. [PMID: 25306330 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the provision of oleocanthal (OLC), a phenolic compound with very promising pharmacological properties, isolation from olive oil is a very important option. Due to the compound's sensitivity to decomposition upon exposure to oxygen and light, a very gentle isolation method has been developed under use of high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). By partition of olive oil between hexane and methanol, an extract enriched in phenolics was prepared and subjected to a two-step HPCCC separation under use of heptane-EtOAc-MeOH-H2O mixtures in normal-phase and reverse phase mode, respectively. With this method, the isolation of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and the mixture of (3S,4E)- and (3S,4Z)-OLC was achieved in approx. 70 min for each step. By one- and two-dimensional NMR-experiments and LC-MS, the equilibrium of (3S,4E)- and (3S,4Z)-OLC in such olive oil extracts has unambiguously been proven for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Dangl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marco Stadler
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Hewitson
- Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Svetlana Ignatova
- Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Adhami HR, Lutz J, Kählig H, Zehl M, Krenn L. Compounds from gum ammoniacum with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Sci Pharm 2013; 81:793-805. [PMID: 24106674 PMCID: PMC3791940 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1306-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal medicinal preparations in dementia therapy has been studied based on experience from traditional medicine. A dichloromethane extract of gum ammoniacum, the gum-resin from Dorema ammoniacum D. Don had shown acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in a previous study. The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of the active compounds from this resin. The extract was investigated by a respective colorimetric microplate assay and the active zones were identified via TLC bioautography and isolated using several chromatographic techniques. The structures of the active components were characterized by one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as (2′S,5′S)-2′-ethenyl-5′-(3-hy-droxy-6-methyl-4-oxohept-5-en-2-yl)-7-methoxy-2′-methyl-4H-spiro[chromene-3,1′-cyclopentane]-2,4-dione (1), which is an analogue of doremone A and a new natural compound, and as (2′S,5′R)-2′-ethenyl-5′-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-oxohept-5-en-2-yl]-7-methoxy-2′-methyl-4H-spiro[chromene-3,1′-cyclo-pentane]-2,4-dione (2 = doremone A), (4E,8E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,9,13-trimethyltetradeca-4,8,12-trien-1-one (3 = dshamirone), and 4,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trien-1-yl]-2H-chromen-2-one (4 = am-moresinol). Dshamirone turned out to be the most active compound with an IC50 value for AChE inhibitory activity of 23.5 μM, whereas the other substances showed weak activity. The concentrations of the analytes in the resin were determined by HPLC as 3.1%, 4.6%, 1.9%, and 9.9%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Adhami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Braunberger C, Zehl M, Conrad J, Fischer S, Adhami HR, Beifuss U, Krenn L. LC–NMR, NMR, and LC–MS identification and LC–DAD quantification of flavonoids and ellagic acid derivatives in Drosera peltata. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 932:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Adhami HR, Scherer U, Kaehlig H, Hettich T, Schlotterbeck G, Reich E, Krenn L. Combination of bioautography with HPTLC-MS/NMR: a fast identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from galbanum(†). Phytochem Anal 2013; 24:395-400. [PMID: 23427054 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the search for new natural compounds with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity this study focused on galbanum, the oleo gum-resin from Ferula gummosa Boiss., which had shown AChE inhibitory activity in a screening. OBJECTIVE The isolation of bioactive compounds from plant extracts usually is laborious and time consuming. In an approach to accelerate the characterisation of compounds with AChE inhibitory activity, the potential of a combination of HPTLC bioautography with HPTLC-MS/NMR for the fast identification of active compounds in galbanum was studied. METHOD Pre-fractionation of the dichloromethane extract was performed by vacuum liquid chromatography. The resulting fractions were separated by HPTLC and active zones determined by bioautography. A TLC-MS interface was used to elute the single zones from the plates directly into a mass spectrometer. The interface was also used to extract the two major active zones from HPTLC plates for off-line one- and two-dimensional NMR and quadrupole time of flight (QTOF) MS. RESULTS The isolated compounds were identified as 7-{[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl]oxy}-2H-chromen-2-one (auraptene) and 7-{[(1R,4aR,6S,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl]methoxy}-2H-chromen-2-one (farnesiferol A). This is the first report of these substances in F. gummosa. Their median inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values for AChE inhibition were determined as 47 and 17 µg/mL in comparison with physostigmine as a positive control (IC50 : 0.8 µg/mL) and their concentrations in galbanum were quantified by HPLC as 3.5% and 7.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION The study showed that HPTLC-MS/NMR can be considered as a fast and high-confidence method for dereplication of natural compounds. From the correlation of the concentration of the elucidated compounds and their IC50 values for AChE inhibition it can be concluded that auraptene and farnesiferol A are contributing to this activity of galbanum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Adhami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Hamid-Reza
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Adhami HR, Linder T, Kaehlig H, Schuster D, Zehl M, Krenn L. Catechol alkenyls from Semecarpus anacardium: acetylcholinesterase inhibition and binding mode predictions. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139:142-148. [PMID: 22075454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruits of Semecarpus anacardium L. f. (Anacardiaceae) are used in Ayurvedic medicine and also in Iranian Traditional Medicine for various indications, among those for retarding and treatment of dementia. AIM OF THE STUDY The severity of Alzheimer's disease obviously correlates with a cholinergic deficit. In a screening for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, an extract from the fruit resin of Semecarpus anacardium was among the most active ones. Thus, the aim of this study was to isolate the active compounds and to investigate them in detail. Their binding mode to the active site of AChE was investigated by in silico docking experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS From a dichloromethane extract in an activity-guided fractionation the active compounds were isolated under use of different chromatographic techniques. Their structures were unambiguously identified by one and two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and their cholinesterase inhibitory activities were determined by a microplate assay. In order to compare the 3D active sites of AChE from Torpedo californica (TcAChE) and from Electrophorus electricus (EeAChE), three files from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) were used and for docking experiments, GOLD 3.1 software was employed. The concentrations of active compounds in the extract and the fruits were determined by HPLC analysis. RESULTS The active compounds were determined as 1',2'-dihydroxy-3'-pentadec-8-enylbenzene (A) and 1',2'-dihydroxy-3'-pentadeca-8,11-dienylbenzene (B). Their IC(50) values in an in vitro assay on AChE inhibition were determined as 12 and 34 μg/mL, respectively, while they were not active in the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). In silico docking experiments showed a similar bioactivity for compounds A and B. The concentration of compounds A and B in the fruits was 1.85% and 1.88%, respectively. CONCLUSION In the search for the active principle of the fruit resin of Semecarpus anacardium, compounds A and B were identified as two selective inhibitors for AChE versus BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Adhami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Adhami HR, Farsam H, Krenn L. Screening of medicinal plants from Iranian traditional medicine for acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1148-52. [PMID: 21287652 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To find new herbal compounds with an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effect, this study focused on herbal drugs and resins which have been used in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Forty drugs were selected from authoritative written documents of Iranian traditional medicine. Each drug was extracted by accelerated solvent extraction using dichloromethane followed by methanol. The 80 extracts were screened for AChE inhibitory activity by a TLC bioautography method. The inhibiting effect of the 32 most active extracts was measured by a microplate colorimetric assay. Due to the best activity, the seeds of Peganum harmala L. were investigated in detail. From the TLC bioautography assay the alkaloids harmaline and harmine were identified as active compounds. This result was confirmed by means of HPLC-DAD. The IC(50) values were 41.2 μg/mL for the methanol extract, 95.5 μg/mL for the dichloromethane extract, 8.4 μg/mL for harmaline and 10.9 μg/mL for harmine. The concentrations of active compounds in the extracts were determined by a fast and precise HPLC method. As the amounts of harmaline and harmine in the extracts were correlated with the IC(50) values of the extracts, it can be concluded that these two alkaloids are responsible for the AChE inhibitory activity of P. harmala.
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