1
|
Simões TSAN, Filho CINS, Herrmann HJ, Andrade JS, de Arcangelis L. Thermodynamic analog of integrate-and-fire neuronal networks by maximum entropy modelling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9480. [PMID: 38664504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent results have evidenced that spontaneous brain activity signals are organized in bursts with scale free features and long-range spatio-temporal correlations. These observations have stimulated a theoretical interpretation of results inspired in critical phenomena. In particular, relying on maximum entropy arguments, certain aspects of time-averaged experimental neuronal data have been recently described using Ising-like models, allowing the study of neuronal networks under an analogous thermodynamical framework. This method has been so far applied to a variety of experimental datasets, but never to a biologically inspired neuronal network with short and long-term plasticity. Here, we apply for the first time the Maximum Entropy method to an Integrate-and-fire (IF) model that can be tuned at criticality, offering a controlled setting for a systematic study of criticality and finite-size effects in spontaneous neuronal activity, as opposed to experiments. We consider generalized Ising Hamiltonians whose local magnetic fields and interaction parameters are assigned according to the average activity of single neurons and correlation functions between neurons of the IF networks in the critical state. We show that these Hamiltonians exhibit a spin glass phase for low temperatures, having mostly negative intrinsic fields and a bimodal distribution of interaction constants that tends to become unimodal for larger networks. Results evidence that the magnetization and the response functions exhibit the expected singular behavior near the critical point. Furthermore, we also found that networks with higher percentage of inhibitory neurons lead to Ising-like systems with reduced thermal fluctuations. Finally, considering only neuronal pairs associated with the largest correlation functions allows the study of larger system sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S A N Simões
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Lincoln, 5, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - C I N Sampaio Filho
- Departamento de Física, Fortaleza, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - H J Herrmann
- Departamento de Física, Fortaleza, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, 60451-970, Brazil
- ESPCI, PMMH, Paris, 7 quai St., 75005, Bernard, France
| | - J S Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Fortaleza, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - L de Arcangelis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Lincoln, 5, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sampaio Filho CIN, de Arcangelis L, Herrmann HJ, Plenz D, Kells P, Ribeiro TL, Andrade JS. Ising-like model replicating time-averaged spiking behaviour of in vitro neuronal networks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7002. [PMID: 38523136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55922-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We analyze time-averaged experimental data from in vitro activities of neuronal networks. Through a Pairwise Maximum-Entropy method, we identify through an inverse binary Ising-like model the local fields and interaction couplings which best reproduce the average activities of each neuron as well as the statistical correlations between the activities of each pair of neurons in the system. The specific information about the type of neurons is mainly stored in the local fields, while a symmetric distribution of interaction constants seems generic. Our findings demonstrate that, despite not being directly incorporated into the inference approach, the experimentally observed correlations among groups of three neurons are accurately captured by the derived Ising-like model. Within the context of the thermodynamic analogy inherent to the Ising-like models developed in this study, our findings additionally indicate that these models demonstrate characteristics of second-order phase transitions between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states at temperatures above, but close to, unity. Considering that the operating temperature utilized in the Maximum-Entropy method isT o = 1 , this observation further expands the thermodynamic conceptual parallelism postulated in this work for the manifestation of criticality in neuronal network behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucilla de Arcangelis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
- PMMH, ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7636, 7 Quai St. Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dietmar Plenz
- Section on Critical Brain Dynamics, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Patrick Kells
- Section on Critical Brain Dynamics, NIMH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - José S Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lombardi F, Herrmann HJ, Parrino L, Plenz D, Scarpetta S, Vaudano AE, de Arcangelis L, Shriki O. Beyond pulsed inhibition: Alpha oscillations modulate attenuation and amplification of neural activity in the awake resting state. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113162. [PMID: 37777965 PMCID: PMC10842118 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha oscillations are a distinctive feature of the awake resting state of the human brain. However, their functional role in resting-state neuronal dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we show that, during resting wakefulness, alpha oscillations drive an alternation of attenuation and amplification bouts in neural activity. Our analysis indicates that inhibition is activated in pulses that last for a single alpha cycle and gradually suppress neural activity, while excitation is successively enhanced over a few alpha cycles to amplify neural activity. Furthermore, we show that long-term alpha amplitude fluctuations-the "waxing and waning" phenomenon-are an attenuation-amplification mechanism described by a power-law decay of the activity rate in the "waning" phase. Importantly, we do not observe such dynamics during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with marginal alpha oscillations. The results suggest that alpha oscillations modulate neural activity not only through pulses of inhibition (pulsed inhibition hypothesis) but also by timely enhancement of excitation (or disinhibition).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Lombardi
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Departamento de Fisica, Universitade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza 60451-970, Ceara, Brazil; PMMH, ESPCI, 7 quai St. Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Liborio Parrino
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Dietmar Plenz
- Section on Critical Brain Dynamics, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Silvia Scarpetta
- Department of Physics, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; INFN sez, Napoli Gr. Coll, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Anna Elisabetta Vaudano
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, OCB Hospital, 41125 Modena, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Lucilla de Arcangelis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Lincoln 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Oren Shriki
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-sheva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reljic D, Koller A, Herrmann HJ, Ekici AB, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Differential Effects of Very-Low-Volume Exercise Modalities on Telomere Length, Inflammation, and Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Subanalysis from Two Randomized Controlled Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1847. [PMID: 37891926 PMCID: PMC10603979 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are features of metabolic syndrome (MetS) that can contribute to the shortening of telomere length (TL), a marker of cellular ageing. Research indicates that exercise can positively influence MetS-associated conditions and TL. However, the effects of low-volume exercise types on TL are still unknown. We investigated the impact of very-low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT), one-set resistance training (1-RT), and whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on TL, inflammation, and cardiometabolic indices in 167 MetS patients. Data were derived from two randomized controlled trials where patients were allocated to an exercise group (2 sessions/week, for 12 weeks) or a control group. All groups received standard-care nutritional weight loss counselling. TL was determined as the T/S ratio (telomere to single-copy gene amount). All groups significantly reduced body weight (p < 0.05), but the T/S-ratio (p < 0.001) only increased with LV-HIIT. OS-related inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) only decreased (p < 0.05) following LV-HIIT. The MetS severity z-score improved with LV-HIIT (p < 0.001) and 1-RT (p = 0.014) but not with WB-EMS. In conclusion, very-low-volume exercise modalities have differential effects on telomeres, inflammation, and cardiometabolic health. Only LV-HIIT but not strength-based low-volume exercise increased TL in MetS patients, presumably due to superior effects on OS-related inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.); (Y.Z.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adriana Koller
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.); (Y.Z.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B. Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.); (Y.Z.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hardt LM, Herrmann HJ, Reljic D, Jaensch P, Zerth J, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Are Guideline Recommendations on Supportive Nutrition and Exercise Therapy for Cancer Patients Implemented in Clinical Routine? A National Survey with Real-Life Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:3172. [PMID: 37513591 PMCID: PMC10383016 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition and cancer cachexia are highly prevalent comorbidities of cancer, limiting patients' quality of life and being relevant to prognosis. International and national clinical guidelines recommend supportive nutrition and exercise therapy for cancer patients. However, there is little current epidemiological evidence on the implementation of these guideline recommendations in clinical routine. To close this data gap, a national survey in Germany using an online questionnaire was conducted. There were 261 of a total of 5074 contacted hospitals and medical offices who participated in the survey (5.1% response rate). The data indicated that nutrition and exercise therapy for cancer patients is so far inadequately implemented, with 59% of the respondents reporting nutrition therapy as an integral part of oncological treatment, 66.7% having a nutrition specialist/team, and 65.1% routinely conducting a screening for nutritional status. Only half of the participants stated that there are defined goals in nutrition therapy. The majority of respondents (85.8%) generally recommend exercise therapy, but only a few of them provide specific offers at their own institution (19.6%) or at cooperation partners (31.7%). In order to implement the recommended combined nutrition and exercise therapy as part of regular care, there is a need for nationwide availability of multidisciplinary nutrition teams and targeted offers of individualized exercise therapy. Health policy support would be important to create the structural, financial, and staff conditions for appropriate guideline implementation in order to achieve the optimal treatment of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Hardt
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Jaensch
- IDC Research Institute, SRH University Wilhelm Löhe, 90763 Fürth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zerth
- IDC Research Institute, SRH University Wilhelm Löhe, 90763 Fürth, Germany
- Faculty of Social Work, Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85071 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nandi MK, de Candia A, Sarracino A, Herrmann HJ, de Arcangelis L. Fluctuation-dissipation relations in the imbalanced Wilson-Cowan model. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:064307. [PMID: 37464662 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.064307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The relation between spontaneous and stimulated brain activity is a fundamental question in neuroscience which has received wide attention in experimental studies. Recently, it has been suggested that the evoked response to external stimuli can be predicted from temporal correlations of spontaneous activity. Previous theoretical results, confirmed by the comparison with magnetoencephalography data for human brains, were obtained for the Wilson-Cowan model in the condition of balance of excitation and inhibition, a signature of a healthy brain. Here we extend previous studies to imbalanced conditions by examining a region of parameter space around the balanced fixed point. Analytical results are compared to numerical simulations of Wilson-Cowan networks. We evidence that in imbalanced conditions the functional form of the time correlation and response functions can show several behaviors, exhibiting also an oscillating regime caused by the emergence of complex eigenvalues. The analytical predictions are fully in agreement with numerical simulations, validating the role of cross-correlations in the response function. Furthermore, we identify the leading role of inhibitory neurons in controlling the overall activity of the system, tuning the level of excitability and imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Nandi
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" 81031 Aversa (Caserta), Italy
| | - Antonio de Candia
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federeico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- INFN, Section of Naples, Gruppo collegato di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sarracino
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" 81031 Aversa (Caserta), Italy
- Institute for Complex Systems-CNR, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- PMMH, ESPCI, 7 quai St. Bernard, Paris 75005, France
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Lucilla de Arcangelis
- Department of Mathematics & Physics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Viale Lincoln, 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reljic D, Eichhorn A, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Very Low-Volume, High-Intensity Interval Training Mitigates Negative Health Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic-Induced Physical Inactivity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12308. [PMID: 36231609 PMCID: PMC9565952 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Initially, we aimed to investigate the impact of a one-year worksite low-volume, high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT) on cardiometabolic health in 114 sedentary office workers. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, LOW-HIIT was discontinued after 6 months and participants were followed up for 6 months to analyze physical activity/exercise behavior and outcome changes during lockdown. Health examinations, including cardiopulmonary exercise testing and the assessment of cardiometabolic markers were performed baseline (T-1), after 6 months (T-2, termination of worksite LOW-HIIT) and 12 months (T-3, follow-up). Cycle ergometer LOW-HIIT (5 × 1 min at 85-95% HRmax) was performed 2×/week. For follow-up analyses, participants were classified into three groups: HIIT-group (continued home-based LOW-HIIT), EX-group (continued other home-based exercises), and NO-EX-group (discontinued LOW-HIIT/exercise). At T-2, VO2max (+1.5 mL/kg/min, p = 0.002), mean arterial blood pressure (MAB, -4 mmHg, p < 0.001), HbA1c (-0.2%, p = 0.005) and self-reported quality of life (QoL, +5 points, p < 0.001) were improved. At T-3, HIIT-group maintained VO2max and QoL and further improved MAB. EX-group maintained MAB and QoL but experienced a VO2max decrease. In NON-EX, VO2max, MAB and QoL deteriorated. We conclude that LOW-HIIT can be considered a promising option to improve cardiometabolic health in real-life conditions and to mitigate physical inactivity-related negative health impacts during lockdowns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annalena Eichhorn
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reljic D, Zieseniss N, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Protein Supplementation Does Not Maximize Adaptations to Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training in Sedentary, Healthy Adults: A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Randomized Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193883. [PMID: 36235536 PMCID: PMC9572362 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that specific nutritional strategies can enhance adaptions to resistance and endurance training. However, it is still unclear whether post-session protein supplementation may increase the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT). We examined the impact of LOW-HIIT combined with protein vs. placebo supplementation on cardiometabolic health indices in sedentary healthy individuals. Forty-seven participants (31.1 ± 8.0 yrs) performed cycle ergometer LOW-HIIT (5−10x1 min at 80−95% maximum heart rate) for eight weeks and randomly received double-blinded 40 g of whey protein (PRO-HIIT, N = 24) or an isocaloric placebo (maltodextrin, PLA-HIIT, N = 23) after each session. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max, primary outcome) and several secondary cardiometabolic outcomes were determined pre-/post-intervention. VO2max increased in PRO-HIIT (+2.8 mL/kg/min, p = 0.003) and PLA-HIIT (+3.5 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in PRO-HIIT (−7/3 mmHg, p < 0.05) and PLA-HIIT (−8/5 mmHg, p < 0.001). Gamma glutamyl transferase (−2 U/L, p = 0.003) decreased in PRO-HIIT and alanine aminotransferase (−3 U/L, p = 0.014) in PLA-HIIT. There were no significant between-group differences in any of the outcome changes. In conclusion, LOW-HIIT improved VO2max and other cardiometabolic markers irrespective of the supplementation condition. Post-session protein supplementation does not seem to provide any additional benefit to LOW-HIIT in improving cardiometabolic health in sedentary healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-45220
| | - Nilas Zieseniss
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nandi MK, Sarracino A, Herrmann HJ, de Arcangelis L. Scaling of avalanche shape and activity power spectrum in neuronal networks. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:024304. [PMID: 36109993 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.024304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many systems in nature exhibit avalanche dynamics with scale-free features. A general scaling theory has been proposed for critical avalanche profiles in crackling noise, predicting the collapse onto a universal avalanche shape, as well as the scaling behavior of the activity power spectrum as Brown noise. Recently, much attention has been given to the profile of neuronal avalanches, measured in neuronal systems in vitro and in vivo. Although a universal profile was evidenced, confirming the validity of the general scaling theory, the parallel study of the power spectrum scaling under the same conditions was not performed. The puzzling observation is that in the majority of healthy neuronal systems the power spectrum exhibits a behavior close to 1/f, rather than Brown, noise. Here we perform a numerical study of the scaling behavior of the avalanche shape and the power spectrum for a model of integrate and fire neurons with a short-term plasticity parameter able to tune the system to criticality. We confirm that, at criticality, the average avalanche size and the avalanche profile fulfill the general avalanche scaling theory. However, the power spectrum consistently exhibits Brown noise behavior, for both fully excitatory networks and systems with 30% inhibitory networks. Conversely, a behavior closer to 1/f noise is observed in systems slightly off criticality. Results suggest that the power spectrum is a good indicator to determine how close neuronal activity is to criticality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Nandi
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81031 Aversa, Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sarracino
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81031 Aversa, Caserta, Italy
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- PMMH, ESPCI, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, Paris 75005, France
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lucilla de Arcangelis
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81031 Aversa, Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He P, Zhang J, Herrmann HJ, Huang N. Large-eddy simulation of wind-blown sand under unstable atmospheric boundary layer. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1421-1424. [PMID: 36546183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panli He
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Department 403, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi'an 710025, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, Paris 75005, France; Departamento de Física, Universidade do Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil
| | - Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tizdast S, Ebadi Z, Cheraghalizadeh J, Najafi MN, Andrade JS, Herrmann HJ. Self-similar but not conformally invariant traces obtained by modified Loewner forces. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024103. [PMID: 35291141 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional Loewner exploration process is generalized to the case where the random force is self-similar with positively correlated increments. We model this random force by a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst exponent H≥1/2≡H_{BM}, where H_{BM} stands for the one-dimensional Brownian motion. By manipulating the deterministic force, we design a scale-invariant equation describing self-similar traces which lack conformal invariance. The model is investigated in terms of the "input diffusivity parameter" κ, which coincides with the one of the ordinary Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE) at H=H_{BM}. In our numerical investigation, we focus on the scaling properties of the traces generated for κ=2,3, κ=4, and κ=6,8 as the representatives, respectively, of the dilute phase, the transition point, and the dense phase of the ordinary SLE. The resulting traces are shown to be scale invariant. Using two equivalent schemes, we extract the fractal dimension, D_{f}(H), of the traces which decrease monotonically with increasing H, reaching D_{f}=1 at H=1 for all κ values. The left passage probability (LPP) test demonstrates that, for H values not far from the uncorrelated case (small ε_{H}≡H-H_{BM}/H_{BM}), the prediction of the ordinary SLE is applicable with an effective diffusivity parameter κ_{eff}. Not surprisingly, the κ_{eff}'s do not fulfill the prediction of SLE for the relation between D_{f}(H) and the diffusivity parameter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Tizdast
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Z Ebadi
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - J Cheraghalizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - M N Najafi
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - José S Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil
- PMMH, ESPCI, 7 quai. St. Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li G, He W, Yang B, Yu H, Huang N, Herrmann HJ, Zhang J. Application of superstatistical analysis on fluctuant surface shear in particle-laden turbulence boundary layer. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2022; 45:5. [PMID: 35072846 PMCID: PMC8786757 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on an application of superstatistics to particle-laden turbulent flow. Four flush-mounted hot-film wall shear sensors were used to record the fluctuations of the wall shear stress in sand-laden flow. By comparing the scaling exponent in sand-free with that in sand-laden flows, we found that the sand-laden flow is more intermittent. By applying the superstatistics analysis to the friction velocity, we found that the large time scale is smaller when the flow is sand-laden. The probability density of a fluctuating energy dissipation rate measured in sand-laden flow follows a log-normal distribution with higher variances than for sand-free flow. The variance of this dissipation rate is a power law of the corresponding time scale. The prediction based on the superstatistics model is consistent with our structure function exponents [Formula: see text] for sand-free flow. Nevertheless, it overestimates [Formula: see text] for sand-laden flow, especially at higher Reynolds numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- College of Atmospheric science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Wei He
- College of Architecture and Energy Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325088 China
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Hongxiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Laboratoire PMMH, ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7636, 75005 Paris, France
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, 60020-181 Brazil
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reljic D, Konturek PC, Herrmann HJ, Siebler J, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Very low-volume interval training improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and cardiometabolic health in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome. J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 72. [PMID: 35485357 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2021.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiometabolic disorders are highly prevalent in obese individuals. Physical exercise is an important element in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) treatment. However, the vast majority of individuals with obesity do not meet the general physical activity recommendations (i.e. 150 min of moderate activity per week). The present study aimed to investigate the impact of a highly time-saving high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocol (28 min time requirement per week) on NAFLD fibrosis (NFS) and cardiometabolic risk scores in obese patients with MetS and elevated NFS values. Twenty-nine patients performed HIIT on cycle ergometers (5 x 1 min at an intensity of 80 - 95% maximal heart rate) twice weekly for 12 weeks and were compared to a control group without exercise (CON, n = 17). Nutritional counseling for weight loss was provided to both groups. NFS, cardiometabolic risk indices, MetS z-score, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and body composition were assessed before and after intervention. The HIIT (-4.3 kg, P < 0.001) and CON (-2.3 kg, P = 0.003) group significantly reduced body weight. There were no significant group differences in relative weight reduction (HIIT: -3.5%, CON: -2.4%). However, only the HIIT group improved NFS (-0.52 units, P = 0.003), MetS z-score (-2.0 units, P < 0.001), glycemic control (HbA1c: -0.20%, P = 0.014) and VO2max (+3.1 mL/kg/min, P < 0.001). Decreases in NFS (-0.50 units, P = 0.025) and MetS z-score (-1.4 units, P = 0.007) and the increment in VO2max (3.3 mL/kg/min, P < 0.001) were significantly larger in the HIIT than in the CON group. In conclusion, only 28 min of HIIT per week can elicit significant improvements in NFS and a several cardiometabolic health indices in obese MetS patients with increased NFS grades. Our results underscore the importance of exercise in NAFLD and MetS treatment and suggest that our low-volume HIIT protocol can be regarded as viable alternative to more time-consuming exercise programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany.
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| | - P C Konturek
- Second Department of Medicine, Thuringia-Clinic Saalfeld, Saalfeld/Saale, Germany
| | - H J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| | - J Siebler
- Department of Medicine 1 - Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| | - M F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 - Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Y Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang Y, Mora P, Herrmann HJ, Alonso-Marroquín F. Damage separation model: A replaceable particle method based on strain energy field. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:045311. [PMID: 34781533 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.045311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a realistic model for simulating particle fragmentation in granular assemblies, the damage separation model (DSM), that addresses the limitations of previous methods by replacing the particle with smaller ones after fragmentation. The method is based on the calculation of the strain energy field inside the particle, and it solves the two major issues of the existing replaceable particle methods: the oversimplification of particle stress, and the unrealistic geometrical constraints needed in postbreakage replacements. Our model is formulated with three modules: (i) a boundary element calculation of stress and strain fields inside the spheropolygons that represent individual particles; (ii) a strain-energy-based theoretical framework to determine the onset of fragmentation; and (iii) an advanced geometrical algorithm, the subset separation method (SSM), to handle the postbreakage replacements in the discrete element simulations. Especially, the SSM effectively calculates the fragments required by the replacement with no geometrical limitation on the number, location, and orientation of the fracture planes. A uniaxial compression test based on laboratory setups is used to validate the method. A comparison is further conducted to study the performance of four different replaceable irregular particle methods. Results indicate that our method overcomes most of the existing issues, including stability, accuracy, and artificial constraints on the number and shape of fragments. The DSM has great potential for capturing the morphological changes of particle breakage and comminution with an unprecedented numerical resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Mora
- College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saikia E, Läubli NF, Vogler H, Rüggeberg M, Herrmann HJ, Burgert I, Burri JT, Nelson BJ, Grossniklaus U, Wittel FK. Correction to: Mechanical factors contributing to the Venus flytrap's rate-dependent response to stimuli. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:2299. [PMID: 34674080 PMCID: PMC8595170 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eashan Saikia
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nino F. Läubli
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS UK
| | - Hannes Vogler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich‑Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, École Supérieur de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology-EMPA, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan T. Burri
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J. Nelson
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich‑Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Falk K. Wittel
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lombardi F, Shriki O, Herrmann HJ, de Arcangelis L. Long-range temporal correlations in the broadband resting state activity of the human brain revealed by neuronal avalanches. Neurocomputing 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Saikia E, Läubli NF, Vogler H, Rüggeberg M, Herrmann HJ, Burgert I, Burri JT, Nelson BJ, Grossniklaus U, Wittel FK. Mechanical factors contributing to the Venus flytrap's rate-dependent response to stimuli. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:2287-2297. [PMID: 34431032 PMCID: PMC8595191 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The sensory hairs of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) detect mechanical stimuli imparted by their prey and fire bursts of electrical signals called action potentials (APs). APs are elicited when the hairs are sufficiently stimulated and two consecutive APs can trigger closure of the trap. Earlier experiments have identified thresholds for the relevant stimulus parameters, namely the angular displacement \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\theta $$\end{document}θ and angular velocity \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document}ω. However, these experiments could not trace the deformation of the trigger hair’s sensory cells, which are known to transduce the mechanical stimulus. To understand the kinematics at the cellular level, we investigate the role of two relevant mechanical phenomena: viscoelasticity and intercellular fluid transport using a multi-scale numerical model of the sensory hair. We hypothesize that the combined influence of these two phenomena and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document}ω contribute to the flytrap’s rate-dependent response to stimuli. In this study, we firstly perform sustained deflection tests on the hair to estimate the viscoelastic material properties of the tissue. Thereafter, through simulations of hair deflection tests at different loading rates, we were able to establish a multi-scale kinematic link between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document}ω and the cell wall stretch \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\delta $$\end{document}δ. Furthermore, we find that the rate at which \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\delta $$\end{document}δ evolves during a stimulus is also proportional to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document}ω. This suggests that mechanosensitive ion channels, expected to be stretch-activated and localized in the plasma membrane of the sensory cells, could be additionally sensitive to the rate at which stretch is applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eashan Saikia
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Nino F Läubli
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Hannes Vogler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans J Herrmann
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, École Supérieur de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology-EMPA, Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, 8600, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan T Burri
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Falk K Wittel
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schwappacher R, Dieterich W, Reljic D, Pilarsky C, Mukhopadhyay D, Chang DK, Biankin AV, Siebler J, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Muscle-Derived Cytokines Reduce Growth, Viability and Migratory Activity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153820. [PMID: 34359731 PMCID: PMC8345221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal malignancy. A major reason for the poor prognosis of patients with PC is the insensitivity to most oncological treatment approaches. It is known that regular exercise reduces the cancer risk. We have already shown that serum from advanced prostate and colon cancer patients after exercise reduces growth and viability of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to identify exercise-induced cytokines in serum from patients with advanced-stage PC that regulate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Our data suggest that a mild resistance exercise training in advanced PC patients induces the release of CXCL1, IL10 and CCL4 from contracting skeletal muscle. We demonstrate that these myokines inhibit growth and migration of PC cells, and induce PC cell death. With this report we provide new knowledge on the cancer-protective function of exercise in PC. Our data strongly support sport therapies for cancer patients. Abstract The evidence that regular physical exercise reduces the risk of developing cancer is well described. However, the interaction between physical exercise and cancer is not fully clarified yet. Several myokines released by skeletal muscle appear to have a direct anti-tumour function. There are few data on myokine secretion after exercise in patients with advanced tumours. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a very aggressive and usually fatal cancer. To investigate the effects of exercise in PC, the blood of advanced-stage PC patients was analysed after 12 weeks of resistance training using whole-body electromyostimulation. After the 12-week training period, the patient serum inhibited the proliferation and the motility of PC cells and enhanced PC cell apoptosis. The impact of exercise training was also investigated in an exercise-mimicking in vitro model using electric pulse stimulation of human myotubes and revealed similar anti-tumour effects on PC cells, clearly indicating direct cancer-protective properties of activated skeletal muscle. Protein and gene expression analyses in plasma from exercise-trained patients and in myotube cultures after in vitro exercise showed that interleukin 10 (IL10), C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4) are myokines released from activated skeletal muscle. In accordance with the effects of serum from exercise-trained patients, the supplementation with recombinant IL10, CXCL1 and CCL4 impaired growth and migration of PC cells. Treatment of PC cells with these myokines upregulated caspase 3/7 expression and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, leading to enhanced PC cell death. The identification of myokines with anti-tumour properties in advanced-stage PC patients after exercise opens a new perspective in supportive therapy with sports and exercise for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Schwappacher
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (W.D.); (D.R.); (J.S.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Walburga Dieterich
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (W.D.); (D.R.); (J.S.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (W.D.); (D.R.); (J.S.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - David K. Chang
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (D.K.C.); (A.V.B.)
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (D.K.C.); (A.V.B.)
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 84 Castle Street, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
| | - Jürgen Siebler
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (W.D.); (D.R.); (J.S.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (W.D.); (D.R.); (J.S.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (W.D.); (D.R.); (J.S.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.S.); (W.D.); (D.R.); (J.S.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Östliche Stadtmauerstraße 30, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-09131-8545218; Fax: +49-09131-8535228
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The shape of clouds has proven to be essential for classifying them. Our analysis of images from fair weather cumulus clouds reveals that, in addition to turbulence, they are driven by self-organized criticality. Our observations yield exponents that support the fact the clouds, when projected to two dimensions, exhibit conformal symmetry compatible with c=-2 conformal field theory. By using a combination of the Navier-Stokes equation, diffusion equations, and a coupled map lattice, we successfully simulated cloud formation, and obtained the same exponents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Najafi
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran.,Computational Physics, IfB, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Cheraghalizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - H J Herrmann
- ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7636 - Laboratoire PMMH, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Reljic D, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Iron Beats Electricity: Resistance Training but Not Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Improves Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients during Caloric Restriction-A Randomized-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051640. [PMID: 34068089 PMCID: PMC8152778 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) and exercise are cornerstones in the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Recently, whole body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has emerged as a more time-efficient alternative to traditional resistance training (RT). However, the effects of WB-EMS compared to RT on cardiometabolic health in obese metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients performed during CR are still unclear. In total, 118 obese MetS patients (52.7 ± 11.8 years, BMI: 38.1 ± 6.9 kg/m2) undergoing CR over 12 weeks (aim: −500 kcal deficit/day) were randomly allocated to either WB-EMS, single-set RT (1-RT), 3-set RT (3-RT) or an inactive control group (CON). Primary outcome was MetS severity (MetS z-score). Secondary outcomes were body composition, muscle strength and quality of life (QoL). All groups significantly reduced body weight (~3%) and fat mass (~2.6 kg) but only 1-RT and 3-RT preserved skeletal muscle mass (SMM). All exercise groups increased muscle strength in major muscle groups (20–103%). However, only the two RT-groups improved MetS z-score (1-RT: −1.34, p = 0.003; 3-RT: −2.06, p < 0.001) and QoL (1-RT: +6%, p = 0.027; 3-RT: +12%, p < 0.001), while WB-EMS and CON had no impact on these outcomes. We conclude that traditional RT has superior effects on cardiometabolic health, SMM and QoL in obese MetS patients undergoing CR than WB-EMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-45220
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.J.H.); (Y.Z.)
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Iliev PS, Wittel FK, Herrmann HJ. Inversion of force lines in fiber-reinforced jammed granular material. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2021; 44:58. [PMID: 33893568 PMCID: PMC8064992 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding columns, built out of nothing but loose gravel and continuous strings can be stable even at several meters in height and withstand vertical loads high enough to severely fragment grains of the column core. We explain this counter-intuitive behavior through dynamic simulations with polyhedral rigid particles and elastic wire chains. We evaluate the fine structure of the particle contact networks, as well as confining forces and reveal fundamental intrinsic differences to the well-studied case of confining silos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S. Iliev
- ETH Zurich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Falk K. Wittel
- ETH Zurich, Complex Materials and Systems, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- PMMH, ESPCI Paris, 7 quai St. Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
- Departamento de Física, Universidade do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60451-970 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Borges DS, Herrmann HJ, Carmona HA, Andrade JS, Araújo AD. Morphological Transition between Patterns Formed by Threads of Magnetic Beads. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:118001. [PMID: 33798379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.118001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic beads attract each other, forming chains. We push such chains into an inclined Hele-Shaw cell and discover that they spontaneously form self-similar patterns. Depending on the angle of inclination of the cell, two completely different situations emerge; namely, above the static friction angle the patterns resemble the stacking of a rope and below they look similar to a fortress from above. Moreover, locally the first pattern forms a square lattice, while the second pattern exhibits triangular symmetry. For both patterns, the size distributions of enclosed areas follow power laws. We characterize the morphological transition between the two patterns experimentally and numerically and explain the change in polarization as a competition between friction-induced buckling and gravity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo S Borges
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- PMMH, ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7636, 7 quai St. Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Humberto A Carmona
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José S Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ascânio D Araújo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reljic D, Frenk F, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Effects of very low volume high intensity versus moderate intensity interval training in obese metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2836. [PMID: 33531522 PMCID: PMC7854610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Given the leading physical activity barrier of time commitment and safety concerns about vigorous exercise in high-risk groups, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two extremely time-efficient training protocols (< 30 min time effort per week), either performed as high- (HIIT) or moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) over 12 weeks, in obese MetS patients. In total, 117 patients (49.8 ± 13.6 years, BMI: 38.2 ± 6.2 kg/m2) were randomized to HIIT (n = 40), MIIT (n = 37) or an inactive control group (n = 40). All groups received nutritional counseling to support weight loss. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), MetS severity (MetS z-score), body composition and quality of life (QoL) were assessed pre-and post-intervention. All groups significantly reduced body weight (~ 3%) but only the exercise groups improved VO2max, MetS z-score and QoL. VO2max (HIIT: + 3.1 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001; MIIT: + 1.2 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05) and MetS z-score (HIIT: − 1.8 units, p < 0.001; MIIT: − 1.2 units, p < 0.01) improved in an exercise intensity-dependent manner. In conclusion, extremely low-volume interval training, even when done at moderate intensity, is sufficiently effective to improve cardiometabolic health in obese MetS patients. These findings underpin the crucial role of exercise in the treatment of obesity and MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fabienne Frenk
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vieira AP, Goles E, Herrmann HJ. Phase transitions in a conservative game of life. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012132. [PMID: 33601613 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of a conservative version of Conway's Game of Life, in which a pair consisting of a dead and a living cell can switch their states following Conway's rules but only by swapping their positions, irrespective of their mutual distance. Our study is based on square-lattice simulations as well as a mean-field calculation. As the density of dead cells is increased, we identify a discontinuous phase transition between an inactive phase, in which the dynamics freezes after a finite time, and an active phase, in which the dynamics persists indefinitely in the thermodynamic limit. Further increasing the density of dead cells leads the system back to an inactive phase via a second transition, which is continuous on the square lattice but discontinuous in the mean-field limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André P Vieira
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Fisica, Rua do Matao 1371, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eric Goles
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Avenida Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7636 - Laboratoire PMMH, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Borges DS, Herrmann HJ, Carmona HA, Andrade JS, Araújo AD. Patterns formed by chains of magnetic beads. EPJ Web Conf 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202124915004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic beads attract each other forming rather stable chains. We consider such chains formed by magnetic beads and push them into a Hele-Shaw cell either from the boundary or from the center. When such a chain is pushed into a cavity, it bends and folds spontaneously forming interesting unreported patterns. These patterns are self-similar and an effective fractal dimension can be defined. As found experimentally and with numerical simulations, the numbers of beads, loops and contacts follow power laws as a function of packing fraction and, depending on the injection procedure, even energetically less favorable triangular configurations can be stabilized.
Collapse
|
26
|
Reljic D, Zarafat D, Jensen B, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Konturek PC, Zopf Y. Phase angle and vector analysis from multifrequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis: new reference data for older adults. J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 71. [PMID: 33214337 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2020.4.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phase angle (PA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) have been recommended as useful prognostic markers in various clinical settings. However, reference data for older adults measured by the novel segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA) technique are currently lacking. This study examined 567 (286 men, 281 women) healthy older adults (65 - 97 years) and new SMF-BIA-based PA and BIVA reference values were generated stratified according to gender and 3 age groups (65 - 75 years, 76 - 85 years, > 85 years). Mean PA-values (women: 4.30 ± 0.6°, men: 4.77 ± 0.7°) were significantly lower than those previously reported for a younger reference population. Age and gender were significant determinants of PA and BIVA. PA showed a significant decrease with increasing age in both genders. The greatest changes occurred in the age group > 85 years. Men had higher Pas compared to women (except for the oldest age group), but showed a substantially steeper decline in PA, possibly due to a more pronounced reduction of muscle mass. Compared to published reference data for younger adults, there was a clear downward migration of the BIVA vector points in older adults, indicating an age-related reduction of body cell mass. Accordingly, the equation for the BIVA chart generation was modified by adding the factor age. In conclusion, this is the first study to present SMF-BIA-determined PA and BIVA reference data for healthy subjects aged ≥ 65 years. These data can be used for clinical purposes to identify individuals at increased risk for adverse health events or to monitor treatment responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - D Zarafat
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Jensen
- seca Gmbh & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P C Konturek
- Second Department of Medicine, Thuringia-Clinic Saalfeld, Saalfeld/Saale, Germany
| | - Y Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Reljic D, Frenk F, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Low-volume high-intensity interval training improves cardiometabolic health, work ability and well-being in severely obese individuals: a randomized-controlled trial sub-study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:419. [PMID: 33160382 PMCID: PMC7648946 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with impaired health and lower work ability. Increased physical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of obesity and related risk factors. Recently, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a popular exercise option. However, data regarding the effects on cardiometabolic health, perceived work ability and well-being in severely obese individuals are lacking. METHODS Sixty-five obese individuals with sedentary occupation (48.7 ± 9.9 years, BMI: 39.6 ± 7.1 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to an extremely time-efficient HIIT (5 × 1 min at 80-95% maximal heart rate on cycle ergometers, 2×/week for 12 weeks) or an inactive control group (CON). Both groups received nutritional counseling to support weight loss. Primary outcome was maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic risk indices, body composition, work ability index (WAI), quality of life (QoL, EQ-5D-5L-questionnaire) and perceived stress (PSQ-questionnaire). RESULTS Mean body weight reduction was 5.3 kg [95% confidence interval (95% CI) - 7.3 to - 3.3 kg] in the HIIT group (P < 0.001) and 3.7 kg (95% CI - 5.3 to - 2.1 kg) in CON (P < 0.001), respectively. Only the HIIT group showed significant (P < 0.001) changes in VO2max [+ 3.5 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.5 to 4.6 mL/kg/min)], waist circumference [-7.5 cm (95% CI - 9.8 to - 5.1 kg)], mean arterial blood pressure [- 11 mmHg (95% CI - 14 to - 8 mmHg)], WAI [+ 3.0 points (95% CI 1.7 to 4.3 points)] and QoL [+ 10% (95% CI 5 to 16%)]. In CON, none of these parameters improved significantly. CONCLUSIONS Low-volume HIIT may induce significant improvements in cardiometabolic health, especially VO2max, WAI and well-being in obese individuals after only 12 weeks. Our results underpin the wide range of benefits on health and subjective measures through exercise that go well beyond simple weight loss through dietary restriction alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT03306069. Registered 10 October 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03306069 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fabienne Frenk
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pires RS, Moreira AA, Herrmann HJ, Andrade JS. Frustrated Bearings. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:104301. [PMID: 32955320 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a bearing state, touching spheres (disks in two dimensions) roll on each other without slip. Here we frustrate a system of touching spheres by imposing two different bearing states on opposite sides and search for the configurations of lowest energy dissipation. If the dissipation between contacts of spheres is viscous (with random damping constants), the angular momentum continuously changes from one bearing state to the other. For Coulomb friction (with random friction coefficients) in two dimensions, a sharp line separates the two bearing states and we show that this line corresponds to the minimum cut. Astonishingly, however, in three dimensions intermediate bearing domains that are not synchronized with either side are energetically more favorable than the minimum-cut surface. Instead of a sharp cut, the steady state displays a fragmented structure. This novel type of state of minimum dissipation is characterized by a spanning network of slipless contacts that reaches every sphere. Such a situation becomes possible because in three dimensions bearing states have four degrees of freedom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Pires
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A A Moreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - H J Herrmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- PMMH, ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7636, 7 quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J S Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schwappacher R, Schink K, Sologub S, Dieterich W, Reljic D, Friedrich O, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Physical activity and advanced cancer: evidence of exercise-sensitive genes regulating prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. J Physiol 2020; 598:3871-3889. [PMID: 32648302 DOI: 10.1113/jp279150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Physical activity is known to protect against cancer. The resistance exercise method whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has a significant anti-cancer effect. WB-EMS-conditioned serum from advanced prostate cancer patients decreased human prostate carcinoma cell growth and viability in vitro. Multiplex analysis revealed that genes associated with human prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis are sensitive for exercise. Feasible exercise should be part of multimodal anti-cancer therapies, also for physically weakened patients. ABSTRACT Regular physical activity is known to protect against cancer development. In cancer survivors, exercise reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and mortality. However, the link between exercise and decreased cancer risk and improved survival is still not well understood. Serum from exercising healthy individuals inhibits proliferation and activates apoptosis in various cancer cells, suggesting that mechanisms regulating cancer cell growth are affected by exercise. For the first time, we analysed serum from advanced-stage cancer patients with prostate (exercise group n = 8; control group n = 10) or colorectal (exercise n = 6; control n = 6) cancer, after a 12-week whole-body electromyostimulation training (20 min/session, 2×/week; frequency 85 Hz; pulse width 350 µs; 6 s stimulation, 4 s rest), a tolerable, yet effective, resistance exercise for physically weakened patients. We report that serum from these advanced cancer patients inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human prostate and colon cancer cells in vitro using cell growth and death assays (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, cell counting, DNA fragmentation). Exercise-mimicking electric pulse stimulation of human primary myotubes showed that electric pulse stimulation-conditioned myotube medium also impairs human cancer cell viability. Gene expression analysis using a multiplex array of cancer-associated genes and subsequent quantitative RT-PCR revealed the presence of exercise-sensitive genes in human prostate cancer cells that potentially participate in the exercise-mediated regulation of malignant cell growth and apoptosis. Our data document the strong efficiency of the anti-oncogenic effects of physical activity and will further support the application of regular therapeutic exercise during cancer disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Schwappacher
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin Schink
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Svetlana Sologub
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walburga Dieterich
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Hector-Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Reljic D, Konturek PC, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation exercise and caloric restriction on cardiometabolic risk profile and muscle strength in obese women with the metabolic syndrome: a pilot study. J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 71. [PMID: 32554843 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2020.1.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, particularly in conjunction with further cardiometabolic risk factors, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Increased physical activity and dietary modifications are cornerstones of therapeutic interventions to treat obesity and related risk factors. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) has emerged as an innovative, time-efficient type of exercise that can provide positive effects on body composition and muscle strength. However, the impact of WB-EMS on cardiometabolic health in obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has yet to be determined. The aim of this pilot study was, therefore, to investigate the feasibility and effects of WB-EMS on cardiometabolic risk markers and muscle strength in obese women diagnosed with MetS. Twenty-nine obese women (56.0 ± 10.9 years, BMI: 36.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2) with the clinical diagnosis of MetS were randomized to either 12 weeks of WB-EMS (n = 15) or an inactive control group (CON, n = 14). Both groups received nutritional counseling (aim: -500 kcal energy deficit/day). WB-EMS was performed 2x/week (20 min/session). Body composition, maximum strength (Fmax) of major muscle groups, selected cardiometabolic risk indices and the metabolic syndrome Z-score (MetS-Z) were determined baseline and after the intervention. WB-EMS was well tolerated and no adverse events occurred. Body weight was significantly reduced in both groups by an average of ~3 kg (P < 0.01). The body fat percentage was only decreased in the WB-EMS group (P = 0.018). Total cholesterol concentrations decreased in the WB-EMS group (P = 0.018) and in CON (P = 0.027). Only the WB-EMS group increased Fmax significantly in all major muscle groups (P < 0.05) and improved the overall cardiometabolic risk score (MetS-Z, P = 0.029). This pilot study indicates that WB-EMS can be considered as a feasible and time-efficient exercise option for improving body composition, muscle strength and cardiometabolic health in obese women with MetS. Moreover, these findings underpin the crucial role of exercise during weight loss interventions in improving health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - P C Konturek
- Second Department of Medicine, Thuringia-Clinic Saalfeld, Saalfeld/Saale, Germany
| | - H J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Y Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Najafi MN, Cheraghalizadeh J, Luković M, Herrmann HJ. Geometry-induced nonequilibrium phase transition in sandpiles. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032116. [PMID: 32289889 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the sandpile model on three-dimensional spanning Ising clusters with the temperature T treated as the control parameter. By analyzing the three-dimensional avalanches and their two-dimensional projections (which show scale-invariant behavior for all temperatures), we uncover two universality classes with different exponents (an ordinary BTW class, and SOC_{T=∞}), along with a tricritical point (at T_{c}, the critical temperature of the host) between them. The transition between these two criticalities is induced by the transition in the support. The SOC_{T=∞} universality class is characterized by the exponent of the avalanche size distribution τ^{T=∞}=1.27±0.03, consistent with the exponent of the size distribution of the Barkhausen avalanches in amorphous ferromagnets Durin and Zapperi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4705 (2000)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4705]. The tricritical point is characterized by its own critical exponents. In addition to the avalanche exponents, some other quantities like the average height, the spanning avalanche probability (SAP), and the average coordination number of the Ising clusters change significantly the behavior at this point, and also exhibit power-law behavior in terms of ε≡T-T_{c}/T_{c}, defining further critical exponents. Importantly, the finite-size analysis for the activity (number of topplings) per site shows the scaling behavior with exponents β=0.19±0.02 and ν=0.75±0.05. A similar behavior is also seen for the SAP and the average avalanche height. The fractal dimension of the external perimeter of the two-dimensional projections of avalanches is shown to be robust against T with the numerical value D_{f}=1.25±0.01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Najafi
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - J Cheraghalizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - M Luković
- Computational Physics, IfB, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - H J Herrmann
- ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7636 - Laboratoire PMMH, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schink K, Gaßner H, Reljic D, Herrmann HJ, Kemmler W, Schwappacher R, Meyer J, Eskofier BM, Winkler J, Neurath MF, Klucken J, Zopf Y. Assessment of gait parameters and physical function in patients with advanced cancer participating in a 12-week exercise and nutrition programme: A controlled clinical trial. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 29:e13199. [PMID: 31829481 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gait is a sensitive marker for functional declines commonly seen in patients treated for advanced cancer. We tested the effect of a combined exercise and nutrition programme on gait parameters of advanced-stage cancer patients using a novel wearable gait analysis system. METHODS Eighty patients were allocated to a control group with nutritional support or to an intervention group additionally receiving whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training (2×/week). At baseline and after 12 weeks, physical function was assessed by a biosensor-based gait analysis during a six-minute walk test, a 30-s sit-to-stand test, a hand grip strength test, the Karnofsky Index and EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and inflammation by blood analysis. RESULTS Final analysis included 41 patients (56.1% male; 60.0 ± 13.0 years). After 12 weeks, the WB-EMS group showed higher stride length, gait velocity (p < .05), six-minute walking distance (p < .01), bodyweight and skeletal muscle mass, and emotional functioning (p < .05) compared with controls. Correlations between changes in gait and in body composition, physical function and inflammation were detected. CONCLUSION Whole-body electromyostimulation combined with nutrition may help to improve gait and functional status of cancer patients. Sensor-based mobile gait analysis objectively reflects patients' physical status and could support treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schink
- Department of Medicine 1, Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Gaßner
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Department of Medicine 1, Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Department of Medicine 1, Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphaela Schwappacher
- Department of Medicine 1, Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Meyer
- Department of Medicine 1, Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Björn M Eskofier
- Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 - Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Department of Medicine 1, Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The two-dimensional (zero magnetic field) Ising model is known to undergo a second-order paraferromagnetic phase transition, which is accompanied by a correlated percolation transition for the Fortuin-Kasteleyn (FK) clusters. In this paper we uncover that there exists also a second temperature T_{eb}<T_{c} at which the elastic backbone of FK clusters undergoes a second-order phase transition to a dense phase. The corresponding universality class, which is characterized by determining various percolation exponents, is shown to be completely different from directed percolation, which leads us to propose a new anisotropic universality class with β=0.54±0.02, ν_{||}=1.86±0.01, ν_{⊥}=1.21±0.04, and d_{f}=1.53±0.03. All tested hyperscaling relations are shown to be valid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Najafi
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran.,Computational Physics, IfB, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Cheraghalizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
| | - H J Herrmann
- Computational Physics, IfB, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceara, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil.,ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7636, Laboratoire PMMH, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Berger D, Varriale E, van Kessenich LM, Herrmann HJ, de Arcangelis L. Three cooperative mechanisms required for recovery after brain damage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15858. [PMID: 31676810 PMCID: PMC6825173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of human disabilities. Experimental observations indicate that several mechanisms are activated during the recovery of functional activity after a stroke. Here we unveil how the brain recovers by explaining the role played by three mechanisms: Plastic adaptation, hyperexcitability and synaptogenesis. We consider two different damages in a neural network: A diffuse damage that simply causes the reduction of the effective system size and a localized damage, a stroke, that strongly alters the spontaneous activity of the system. Recovery mechanisms observed experimentally are implemented both separately and in a combined way. Interestingly, each mechanism contributes to the recovery to a limited extent. Only the combined application of all three together is able to recover the spontaneous activity of the undamaged system. This explains why the brain triggers independent mechanisms, whose cooperation is the fundamental ingredient for the system’s recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Berger
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zürich, CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Varriale
- Physics Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | | | - H J Herrmann
- PMMH, ESPCI, 7 quai St. Bernard, 75005 Paris, France and Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - L de Arcangelis
- Dept. of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81031 Aversa (CE), INFN sez. Naples, Gr. Coll., Salerno, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zopf Y, Schink K, Reljic D, Herrmann HJ, Dieterich W, Kiesswetter E, Sieber CC, Neurath MF, Volkert D. Assessing cachexia in older patients: Different definitions - But which one is the most practical for clinical routine? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 86:103943. [PMID: 31561063 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors have an increased risk of cachexia. No consistent definition exists to rapidly identify cachexia in older patients with and without cancer. METHODS One-hundred patients (53% male) aged 70 + years were included in the study by a university hospital. In addition to the detection of malnutrition and determination of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, cachexia was assessed according to the well-established definitions of Evans (weight loss ≥ 5% within the last 12 months plus additional clinical parameters), Fearon (weight loss > 5% in 6 months) and Bozzetti (weight loss ≥ 10% of habitual weight). After a follow-up of 3.5 years, the mortality rate was recorded. RESULTS Thirty-three patients had a malignant tumor disease. The patients with a non-malignant underlying disease did not differ in their mental state, physical condition and state of health compared to patients with cancer. A higher percentage of patients with underlying malignancy had cachexia. There were significant differences in the body composition between the patients with or without cachexia. Cachectic patients exhibited a significantly lower skeletal muscle mass and fat mass. The risk of death was increased in cachectic patients of all three cachexia definitions. CONCLUSION For clinical daily routine, the assessments by a weight loss according to Fearon and Bozzetti are suggested to be practicable methods to detect cachexia in older patients with and without cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yurdagül Zopf
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Kristin Schink
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walburga Dieterich
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Hector Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Kiesswetter
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstraße 60, 90408 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Cornel C Sieber
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstraße 60, 90408 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Medical Department 1, Friedrich-Alexander - University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander- University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kobergerstraße 60, 90408 Nürnberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gschwend O, Herrmann HJ. Sequential disruption of the shortest path in critical percolation. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:032121. [PMID: 31639924 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.032121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of sequentially disrupting the shortest path of percolation clusters at criticality by comparing it with the shortest alternative path. We measure the difference in length and the enclosed area between the two paths. The sequential approach allows us to study spatial correlations. We find the lengths of the segments of successively constant differences in length to be uncorrelated. Simultaneously, we study the distance between red bonds. We find the probability distributions for the enclosed areas A, the differences in length Δl, and the lengths between the red bonds l_{r} to follow power-law distributions. Using maximum likelihood estimation and extrapolation we find the exponents β=1.38±0.03 for Δl, α=1.186±0.008 for A, and δ=1.64±0.03 for the distribution of l_{r}.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gschwend
- ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, HIT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil
- ESPCI, CNRS UMR 7636-Laboratoire PMMH, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Munglani G, Wittel FK, Vetter R, Bianchi F, Herrmann HJ. Collapse of Orthotropic Spherical Shells. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:058002. [PMID: 31491319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.058002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the buckling and subsequent collapse of orthotropic elastic spherical shells under volume and pressure control. Going far beyond what is known for isotropic shells, a rich morphological phase space with three distinct regimes emerges upon variation of shell slenderness and degree of orthotropy. Our extensive numerical simulations are in agreement with experiments using fabricated polymer shells. The shell buckling pathways and corresponding strain energy evolution are shown to depend strongly on material orthotropy. We find surprisingly robust orthotropic structures with strong similarities to stomatocytes and tricolpate pollen grains, suggesting that the shape of several of Nature's collapsed shells could be understood from the viewpoint of material orthotropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Munglani
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Falk K Wittel
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roman Vetter
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Bianchi
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (PMMH), ESPCI, 7 quai St. Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
We analyze the Standard & Poor's 500 stock market index from the past 22 years. The probability density function of price returns exhibits two well-distinguished regimes with self-similar structure: the first one displays strong superdiffusion together with short-time correlations and the second one corresponds to weak superdiffusion with weak time correlations. Both regimes are well described by q-Gaussian distributions. The porous media equation-a special case of the Tsallis-Bukman equation-is used to derive the governing equation for these regimes and the Black-Scholes diffusion coefficient is explicitly obtained from the governing equation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Harré
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Morteza N Najafi
- Department of Physics, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Oliveira EA, Pires RS, Oliveira RS, Furtado V, Herrmann HJ, Andrade JS. A universal approach for drainage basins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9845. [PMID: 31285496 PMCID: PMC6614398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Drainage basins are essential to Geohydrology and Biodiversity. Defining those regions in a simple, robust and efficient way is a constant challenge in Earth Science. Here, we introduce a model to delineate multiple drainage basins through an extension of the Invasion Percolation-Based Algorithm (IPBA). In order to prove the potential of our approach, we apply it to real and artificial datasets. We observe that the perimeter and area distributions of basins and anti-basins display long tails extending over several orders of magnitude and following approximately power-law behaviors. Moreover, the exponents of these power laws depend on spatial correlations and are invariant under the landscape orientation, not only for terrestrial, but lunar and martian landscapes. The terrestrial and martian results are statistically identical, which suggests that a hypothetical martian river would present similarity to the terrestrial rivers. Finally, we propose a theoretical value for the Hack’s exponent based on the fractal dimension of watersheds, γ = D/2. We measure γ = 0.54 ± 0.01 for Earth, which is close to our estimation of γ ≈ 0.55. Our study suggests that Hack’s law can have its origin purely in the maximum and minimum lines of the landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erneson A Oliveira
- Programa de Pós Graduacção em Informática Aplicada, Universidade de Fortaleza, 60811-905, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. .,Mestrado Profissional em Ciências da Cidade, Universidade de Fortaleza, 60811-905, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. .,Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Rilder S Pires
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rubens S Oliveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vasco Furtado
- Programa de Pós Graduacção em Informática Aplicada, Universidade de Fortaleza, 60811-905, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,PMMH, ESPCI, 7 quai St Bernard, 75005, Paris, France.,ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, Hit, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - José S Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Michiels van Kessenich L, Berger D, de Arcangelis L, Herrmann HJ. Pattern recognition with neuronal avalanche dynamics. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:010302. [PMID: 30780306 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition is a fundamental neuronal process which enables a cortical system to interpret visual stimuli. How the brain learns to recognize patterns is, however, an unsolved problem. The frequently employed method of back propagation excels at this task but has been found to be unbiological in many aspects. In this Rapid Communication we achieve pattern recognition tasks in a biologically, fully consistent framework. We consider a neuronal network exhibiting avalanche dynamics, as observed experimentally, and implement negative feedback signals. These are chemical signals, such as dopamine, which mediate synaptic plasticity and sculpt the network to achieve certain tasks. The system is able to distinguish horizontal and vertical lines with high accuracy, as well as to perform well at the more complicated task of handwritten digit recognition. Resulting from the learning mechanism, spatially separate activity regions emerge, as observed in the primary visual cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques. The results therefore suggest that negative feedback signals offer an explanation for the emergence of distinct activity areas in the visual cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Berger
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L de Arcangelis
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," I-81031 Aversa (CE), Italy and INFN Sezione Naples, Gruppo Collegato Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - H J Herrmann
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland and Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
We study fragment size distributions after crushing single and many particles under uniaxial compression inside a cylindrical container by means of numerical simulations. Under the assumption that breaking goes through the bulk of the particle we obtain the size distributions of fragments for both cases after large displacements. For the single-particle crushing, this fragmentation mechanism produces a log-normal size distribution, which deviates from the power-law distribution of fragment sizes for the packed bed. We show that as the breaking process evolves, a power-law dependency on the displacement is present for the single grain, while for the many-grains system, the distribution converges to a steady state. We further investigate the force networks and the average coordination number as a function of the particle size, which gives information about the origin of the power-law distributions for the granular assembly under uniaxial compression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Iliev
- ETH Zurich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Falk K Wittel
- ETH Zurich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- ETH Zurich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Departamento de Física, Universidade do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schink K, Reljic D, Herrmann HJ, Meyer J, Mackensen A, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Combined With Individualized Nutritional Support Improves Body Composition in Patients With Hematological Malignancies - A Pilot Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1808. [PMID: 30618820 PMCID: PMC6305403 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing the complex treatment for hematological malignancies are exposed to a high physiological and psychological distress inducing fatigue and physical inactivity. In line with cancer-related metabolic changes patients are predisposed for skeletal muscle mass loss that leads to a functional decline, affects therapeutic success, and quality of life. Benefits of physical exercise and nutritional interventions on muscle maintenance are observed in solid cancer patients, but marginally investigated in patients with hematological cancer. We here studied the effects of a combined supportive exercise and nutrition intervention using whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training and individualized nutritional support in patients actively treated for hematological malignancy. In a controlled pilot trial, 31 patients (67.7% male; 58.0 ± 16.7 years) with various hematological cancers were allocated to a control group (n = 9) receiving nutritional support of usual care regarding a high protein intake (>1.0 g/kg/d) or to a physical exercise group (n = 22) additionally performing WB-EMS training twice weekly for 12 weeks. Bodyweight and body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis were measured every 4 weeks. Physical function, blood parameters, quality of life and fatigue were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. No WB-EMS-related adverse effects occurred. Patients attending the exercise program presented a higher skeletal muscle mass than controls after 12-weeks (1.51 kg [0.41, 2.60]; p = 0.008). In contrast, patients of the control group showed a higher fat mass percentage than patients of the WB-EMS group (-4.46% [-7.15, -1.77]; p = 0.001) that was accompanied by an increase in serum triglycerides in contrast to a decrease in the WB-EMS group (change ± SD, control 36.3 ± 50.6 mg/dl; WB-EMS -31.8 ± 68.7 mg/dl; p = 0.064). No significant group differences for lower limb strength, quality of life, and fatigue were detected. However, compared to controls the WB-EMS group significantly improved in physical functioning indicated by a higher increase in the 6-min-walking distance (p = 0.046). A combined therapeutic intervention of WB-EMS and protein-rich nutritional support seems to be safe and effective in improving skeletal muscle mass and body composition in hematological cancer patients during active oncological treatment. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02293239.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schink
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Meyer
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Mackensen
- Department of Medicine 5 – Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
We study the Landau levels in curved graphene sheets by measuring the discrete energy spectrum in the presence of a magnetic field. We observe that in rippled graphene sheets, the Landau energy levels satisfy the same square root dependence on the energy quantum number as in flat sheets, [Formula: see text]. Though, we find that the Landau levels in curved sheets are shifted towards lower energies by an amount proportional to the average spatial deformation of the sheet. Our findings are relevant for the quantum Hall effect in curved graphene sheets, which is directly related to Landau quantization. For the purpose of this study, we develop a new numerical method, based on the quantum lattice Boltzmann method, to solve the Dirac equation on curved manifolds, describing the low-energetic states in strained graphene sheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-D Debus
- ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, HIT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Schink K, Herrmann HJ, Schwappacher R, Meyer J, Orlemann T, Waldmann E, Wullich B, Kahlmeyer A, Fietkau R, Lubgan D, Beckmann MW, Hack C, Kemmler W, Siebler J, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation combined with individualized nutritional support on body composition in patients with advanced cancer: a controlled pilot trial. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:886. [PMID: 30208857 PMCID: PMC6134788 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise and nutritional treatment are promising measures to prevent muscle wasting that is frequently observed in advanced-stage cancer patients. However, conventional exercise is not always suitable for these patients due to physical weakness and therapeutic side effects. In this pilot study, we examined the effect of a combined approach of the novel training method whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) and individualized nutritional support on body composition with primary focus on skeletal muscle mass in advanced cancer patients under oncological treatment. METHODS In a non-randomized controlled trial design patients (56.5% male; 59.9 ± 12.7 years) with advanced solid tumors (UICC III/IV, N = 131) undergoing anti-cancer therapy were allocated to a usual care control group (n = 35) receiving individualized nutritional support or to an intervention group (n = 96) that additionally performed a supervised physical exercise program in form of 20 min WB-EMS sessions (bipolar, 85 Hz) 2×/week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of skeletal muscle mass and secondary outcomes of body composition, body weight and hand grip strength were measured at baseline, in weeks 4, 8 and 12 by bioelectrical impedance analysis and hand dynamometer. Effects of WB-EMS were estimated by linear mixed models. Secondary outcomes of physical function, hematological and blood chemistry parameters, quality of life and fatigue were assessed at baseline and week 12. Changes were analyzed by t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank or Mann-Whitney-U-tests. RESULTS Twenty-four patients of the control and 58 of the WB-EMS group completed the 12-week trial. Patients of the WB-EMS group had a significantly higher skeletal muscle mass (0.53 kg [0.08, 0.98]; p = 0.022) and body weight (1.02 kg [0.05, 1.98]; p = 0.039) compared to controls at the end of intervention. WB-EMS also significantly improved physical function and performance status (p < 0.05). No significant differences of changes in quality of life, fatigue and blood parameters were detected between the study groups after 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Supervised WB-EMS training is a safe strength training method and combined with nutritional support it shows promising effects against muscle wasting and on physical function in advanced-stage cancer patients undergoing treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02293239 (Date: November 18, 2014).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schink
- Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphaela Schwappacher
- Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Meyer
- Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Till Orlemann
- Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Waldmann
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstraße 22, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Rathsberger Straße 57, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kahlmeyer
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Rathsberger Straße 57, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorota Lubgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Universitätsstraße 27, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Universitätsstraße 21/23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Hack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Universitätsstraße 21/23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestraße 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Siebler
- Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Department of Medicine 1 – Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
We introduce the hydrological watershed, a watershed where water can penetrate the soil, and compare it with the topological watershed for a two-dimensional landscape. For this purpose, we measure the fractal dimension of the hydrological watershed for different penetration depths and different grid sizes. Through finite size scaling, we find that the fractal dimension is 1.31 ± 0.02 which is significantly higher than the fractal dimension of the topological watershed. This indicates that the hydrological watershed belongs to a new universality class. We also find that, as opposed to the topological watershed, the hydrodynamic watershed can exhibit disconnected islands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Burger
- IfB, HIT G23.1, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - J S Andrade
- IfB, HIT G23.1, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.,Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Ceará, Brazil
| | - H J Herrmann
- IfB, HIT G23.1, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.,Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Michiels van Kessenich L, Luković M, de Arcangelis L, Herrmann HJ. Critical neural networks with short- and long-term plasticity. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:032312. [PMID: 29776048 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.032312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years self organized critical neuronal models have provided insights regarding the origin of the experimentally observed avalanching behavior of neuronal systems. It has been shown that dynamical synapses, as a form of short-term plasticity, can cause critical neuronal dynamics. Whereas long-term plasticity, such as Hebbian or activity dependent plasticity, have a crucial role in shaping the network structure and endowing neural systems with learning abilities. In this work we provide a model which combines both plasticity mechanisms, acting on two different time scales. The measured avalanche statistics are compatible with experimental results for both the avalanche size and duration distribution with biologically observed percentages of inhibitory neurons. The time series of neuronal activity exhibits temporal bursts leading to 1/f decay in the power spectrum. The presence of long-term plasticity gives the system the ability to learn binary rules such as xor, providing the foundation of future research on more complicated tasks such as pattern recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Michiels van Kessenich
- ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Luković
- ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L de Arcangelis
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy and INFN sez. Naples, Gr. Coll., Salerno, Italy
| | - H J Herrmann
- ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sampaio Filho CIN, Andrade JS, Herrmann HJ, Moreira AA. Elastic Backbone Defines a New Transition in the Percolation Model. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:175701. [PMID: 29756808 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.175701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The elastic backbone is the set of all shortest paths. We found a new phase transition at p_{eb} above the classical percolation threshold at which the elastic backbone becomes dense. At this transition in 2D, its fractal dimension is 1.750±0.003, and one obtains a novel set of critical exponents β_{eb}=0.50±0.02, γ_{eb}=1.97±0.05, and ν_{eb}=2.00±0.02, fulfilling consistent critical scaling laws. Interestingly, however, the hyperscaling relation is violated. Using Binder's cumulant, we determine, with high precision, the critical probabilities p_{eb} for the triangular and tilted square lattice for site and bond percolation. This transition describes a sudden rigidification as a function of density when stretching a damaged tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José S Andrade
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 6, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 6, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André A Moreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60451-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
de Castro CP, Luković M, Pompanin G, Andrade RFS, Herrmann HJ. Schramm-Loewner evolution and perimeter of percolation clusters of correlated random landscapes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5286. [PMID: 29588474 PMCID: PMC5869597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the fact that many physical landscapes are characterized by long-range height-height correlations that are quantified by the Hurst exponent H, we investigate the statistical properties of the iso-height lines of correlated surfaces in the framework of Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE). We show numerically that in the continuum limit the external perimeter of a percolating cluster of correlated surfaces with H ∈ [-1, 0] is statistically equivalent to SLE curves. Our results suggest that the external perimeter also retains the Markovian properties, confirmed by the absence of time correlations in the driving function and the fact that the latter is Gaussian distributed for any specific time. We also confirm that for all H the variance of the winding angle grows logarithmically with size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P de Castro
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário da Federacção, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - M Luković
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Pompanin
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R F S Andrade
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário da Federacção, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - H J Herrmann
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60451-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Political campaigns involve, in the simplest case, two competing campaign groups which try to obtain a majority of votes. We propose a novel mathematical framework to study political campaign dynamics on social networks whose constituents are either political activists or persuadable individuals. Activists are convinced and do not change their opinion and they are able to move around in the social network to motivate persuadable individuals to vote according to their opinion. We describe the influence of the complex interplay between the number of activists, political clout, budgets, and campaign costs on the campaign result. We also identify situations where the choice of one campaign group to send a certain number of activists already pre-determines their victory. Moreover, we show that a candidate’s advantage in terms of political clout can overcome a substantial budget disadvantage or a lower number of activists, as illustrated by the US presidential election 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Böttcher
- ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Füsica, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Hans Gersbach
- ETH Zurich, Zürichbergstrasse 18, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
We present a numerical scheme to solve the Wigner equation, based on a lattice discretization of momentum space. The moments of the Wigner function are recovered exactly, up to the desired order given by the number of discrete momenta retained in the discretization, which also determines the accuracy of the method. The Wigner equation is equipped with an additional collision operator, designed in such a way as to ensure numerical stability without affecting the evolution of the relevant moments of the Wigner function. The lattice Wigner scheme is validated for the case of quantum harmonic and anharmonic potentials, showing good agreement with theoretical results. It is further applied to the study of the transport properties of one- and two-dimensional open quantum systems with potential barriers. Finally, the computational viability of the scheme for the case of three-dimensional open systems is also illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Solórzano
- ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Mendoza
- ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Succi
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo C.N.R., Via dei Taurini, 19 00185 Rome, Italy and Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H J Herrmann
- ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|