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Micero A, Hashem T, Gliemann H, Léon A. Hydrogen Separation Performance of UiO-66-NH 2 Membranes Grown via Liquid-Phase Epitaxy Layer-by-Layer Deposition and One-Pot Synthesis. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11100735. [PMID: 34677501 PMCID: PMC8539233 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The quality assurance of hydrogen fuel for mobile applications is assessed by the guidelines and directives given in the European and international standards. However, the presence of impurities in the hydrogen fuel, in particular nitrogen, water, and oxygen, is experienced in several refueling stations. Within this work, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based membranes are investigated as a fine-purification stage of the hydrogen fuel. Three H2/N2 concentrations have been used to analyze the separation factor of UiO-66-NH2 membranes prepared using the layer-by-layer (LBL) and the one-pot (OP) synthesis methods. It is shown that the separation factor for an equimolar ratio is 14.4% higher for the LBL sample compared to the OP membrane, suggesting a higher orientation and continuity of the LBL surface-supported metal-organic framework (SURMOF). Using an equimolar ratio of H2/N2, it is shown that selective separation of hydrogen over nitrogen occurs with a separation factor of 3.02 and 2.64 for the SURMOF and MOF membrane, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported performance for a single-phase UiO-66-NH2 membrane. For higher hydrogen concentrations, the separation factor decreases due to reduced interactions between pore walls and N2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Micero
- European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Emmy-Noether-Strasse 11, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Tawheed Hashem
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (T.H.); (H.G.)
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (T.H.); (H.G.)
| | - Aline Léon
- European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Emmy-Noether-Strasse 11, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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2
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Nayab S, Trouillet V, Gliemann H, Weidler PG, Azeem I, Tariq SR, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C, Yameen B. Reversible Diels-Alder and Michael Addition Reactions Enable the Facile Postsynthetic Modification of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4397-4409. [PMID: 33729794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is critical in exploring their structural and chemical diversity for numerous potential applications. Herein, we report multiple approaches for the tandem postsynthetic modification (PSM) of various MOFs derived from Zr(IV), Al(III), and Zn(II). Our current work is based on our efforts to develop a wide range of MOF platforms with a dynamic functional nature that can be chemically switched via thermally triggered reversible Diels-Alder (DA) and hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) ligations. Furan-tagged MOFs (furan-UiO-66-Zr) were conjugated with maleimide groups bearing dienophiles to prepare MOFs with a chemically switchable nature. As HDA pairs, phosphoryl dithioester-based moieties and cyclopentadiene (Cp)-grafted MOF (Cp-MIL-53-Al) were utilized to demonstrate the cleavage and rebonding of the linkages as a function of temperature. In addition to these strategies, the Michael addition reaction was also applied for the tandem PSM of IRMOF-3-Zn. Maleimide groups were postsynthetically introduced in the MOF lattice, which were further ligated with cysteine-based biomolecules via the thiol-maleimide Michael addition reaction. On the basis of the versatility of the herein presented chemistry, we expect that these approaches will help in designing a variety of sophisticated functional MOF materials addressing diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Nayab
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Punjab 54792, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter G Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Iqra Azeem
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Punjab 54792, Pakistan
| | - Saadia R Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anja S Goldmann
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Basit Yameen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Punjab 54792, Pakistan
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Sen B, Santos JCC, Haldar R, Zhang Q, Hashem T, Qin P, Li Y, Kirschhöfer F, Brenner-Weiss G, Gliemann H, Heinke L, Barner-Kowollik C, Knebel A, Wöll C. Introducing electrical conductivity to metal-organic framework thin films by templated polymerization of methyl propiolate. Nanoscale 2020; 12:24419-24428. [PMID: 33300536 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We herein present a case study on the templated, Pd-catalyzed polymerization reaction of methyl propiolate in the confined pore space of three different surface anchored metal-organic framework (SURMOF) systems in order to introduce electrical conductivity to MOF thin films and provide predictions for potential device integrations. To gain comprehensive insight into the influence of the template on polymerization, we chose Cu(bpdc), Cu2(bdc)2(dabco) and HKUST-1 because of their different types of pore channels, 1D, quasi-1D and 3D, and their free pore volumes. Well-defined MOF thin films were prepared using layer-by-layer deposition, which allows for the application of several characterization techniques not applicable for conventional powder MOFs. With SEM, AFM, XRD, MALDI-ToF/MS, ToF-SIMS and QCM, we were able to investigate the behaviour of the polymer formation. For lower dimensional pore channels, we find a depot-like release of monomeric units leading to top-layer formation determined by desorption kinetics, whereas for the 3D channels, quick release of an excess amount of monomers was observed and polymerization proceeds perfectly. Despite polymerization issues, control over the maximum chain lengths and the molecular weight distribution was achieved depending on the dimensionality of the pore systems. For the HKUST-1 system, polymerization was optimized and we were able to measure the electrical conductivity introduced by the conjugated polymer inside the channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beren Sen
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Klyatskaya S, Kanj AB, Molina-Jirón C, Heidrich S, Velasco L, Natzeck C, Gliemann H, Heissler S, Weidler P, Wenzel W, Bufon CCB, Heinke L, Wöll C, Ruben M. Conductive Metal-Organic Framework Thin Film Hybrids by Electropolymerization of Monosubstituted Acetylenes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:30972-30979. [PMID: 32573186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1-Hexyne monomers were potentiostatically electropolymerized upon confinement in 1D channels of a surface-mounted metal-organic framework Cu(BDC) (SURMOF-2). A layer-by-layer deposition method allowed for SURMOF depostition on substrates with prepatterned electrodes, making it possible to characterize electrical conductivity in situ, i.e., without having to delaminate the conductive polymer thin film. Successful polymerization was evidenced by mass spectroscopy, and the electrical measurements demonstrated an increase of the electrical conductivity of the MOF material by 8 orders of magnitude. Extensive DFT calculations revealed that the final conductivity is limited by electron hopping between the conductive oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Klyatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Anemar Bruno Kanj
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Concepción Molina-Jirón
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Shahriar Heidrich
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Leonardo Velasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Carsten Natzeck
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Stefan Heissler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Peter Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Carlos Cesar Bof Bufon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loes, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67034, France
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5
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Hashem T, Valadez Sánchez EP, Weidler PG, Gliemann H, Alkordi MH, Wöll C. Liquid-Phase Quasi-Epitaxial Growth of Highly Stable, Monolithic UiO-66-NH 2 MOF thin Films on Solid Substrates. Chemistry 2020; 9:514. [PMID: 32373420 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Invited for this month's cover is the group of Dr. Tawheed Hashem from the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The cover picture shows a successful synthesis of high quality, monolithic UiO-66-NH2 MOF thin films on diverse solid substrates via a low-temperature liquid phase epitaxy method. The achievement of continuous MOF-coatings with low defect densities and pronounced stability against high temperatures and hot water was proven. The new type of coatings clearly outperforms other reported types of MOF thin films. Read the full text of their Communication at https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201900324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawheed Hashem
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Elvia P Valadez Sánchez
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany.,Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Peter G Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Mohamed H Alkordi
- Center for Materials Science Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October Giza 12578 Egypt
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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6
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Hashem T, Valadez Sánchez EP, Weidler PG, Gliemann H, Alkordi MH, Wöll C. Front Cover: Liquid‐Phase Quasi‐Epitaxial Growth of Highly Stable, Monolithic UiO‐66‐NH
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MOF thin Films on Solid Substrates (ChemistryOpen 5/2020). ChemistryOpen 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/open.202000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tawheed Hashem
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Elvia P. Valadez Sánchez
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Peter G. Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Mohamed H. Alkordi
- Center for Materials ScienceZewail City of Science and Technology October Gardens, 6th of October Giza 12578 Egypt
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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7
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Hashem T, Valadez Sánchez EP, Weidler PG, Gliemann H, Alkordi MH, Wöll C. Liquid-Phase Quasi-Epitaxial Growth of Highly Stable, Monolithic UiO-66-NH 2 MOF thin Films on Solid Substrates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:515-518. [PMID: 32373421 PMCID: PMC7197087 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High quality, monolithic UiO-66-NH2 thin films on diverse solid substrates have been prepared via a low temperature liquid phase epitaxy method. The achievement of continuous films with low defect densities and great stability against high temperatures and hot water is proven, clearly outperforming other reported types of MOF thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawheed Hashem
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Elvia P. Valadez Sánchez
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Peter G. Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Mohamed H. Alkordi
- Center for Materials ScienceZewail City of Science and Technology October Gardens, 6th of OctoberGiza12578Egypt
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
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Valadez Sánchez EP, Gliemann H, Haas-Santo K, Ding W, Hansjosten E, Wohlgemuth J, Wöll C, Dittmeyer R. α-Al2O3-supported ZIF-8 SURMOF membranes: Diffusion mechanism of ethene/ethane mixtures and gas separation performance. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fu Z, Ladnorg T, Gliemann H, Welle A, Bashir A, Rohwerder M, Zhang Q, Schüpbach B, Terfort A, Wöll C. Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:2449-2458. [PMID: 31921523 PMCID: PMC6941449 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach to study charge transport within 2D layers of organic semi-conductors (OSCs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based lithography applied to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), fabricated from appropriate organothiols. The extent of lateral charge transport was investigated by insulating pre-defined patches within OSC-based SAMs with regions of insulating SAM made from large band gap alkanethiolates. The new method is demonstrated using a phenyl-linked anthracenethiolate (PAT), 4-(anthracene-2-ylethynyl)benzyl thiolate. I-V characteristics of differently shaped PAT-islands were measured using the AFM tip as a top electrode. We were able to determine a relationship between island size and electrical conductivity, and from this dependence, we could obtain information on the lateral charge transport and charge carrier mobility within the thin OSC layers. Our study demonstrates that AFM nanografting of appropriately functionalized OSC molecules provides a suitable method to determine intrinsic mobilities of charge carriers in OSC thin films. In particular, this method is rather insensitive with regard to influence of grain boundaries and other defects, which hamper the application of conventional methods for the determination of mobilities in macroscopic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Fu
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Ladnorg
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Asif Bashir
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Thyssenkrupp Bilstein GmbH, Herner Str. 299, 44809 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Björn Schüpbach
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Altintoprak K, Farajollahi F, Seidenstücker A, Ullrich T, Wenz NL, Krolla P, Plettl A, Ziemann P, Marti O, Walther P, Exner D, Schwaiger R, Gliemann H, Wege C. Improved manufacture of hybrid membranes with bionanopore adapters capable of self-luting. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2019. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.18.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Altintoprak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Farid Farajollahi
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Timo Ullrich
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nana L Wenz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Krolla
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alfred Plettl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Ziemann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Othmar Marti
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Exner
- Institute for Applied Materials – Materials and Biomechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ruth Schwaiger
- Institute for Applied Materials – Materials and Biomechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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11
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Turgut H, Dingenouts N, Trouillet V, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Gliemann H, Delaittre G. Reactive block copolymers for patterned surface immobilization with sub-30 nm spacing. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive polystyrene-block-polyisoprene copolymers are synthesized by nitroxide-mediated polymerization, self-assemble within ultra-thin films, and exhibit surface reactivity for patterned immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Turgut
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
| | - Nico Dingenouts
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials – Energy Storage System (IAM-ESS) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Peter Krolla-Sidenstein
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
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12
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Haldar R, Sen B, Hurrle S, Kitao T, Sankhla R, Kühl B, Welle A, Heissler S, Brenner-Weiß G, Thissen P, Uemura T, Gliemann H, Barner-Kowollik C, Wöll C. Oxidative polymerization of terthiophene and a substituted thiophene monomer in metal-organic framework thin films. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Hurrle S, Goldmann AS, Gliemann H, Mutlu H, Barner-Kowollik C. Light-Induced Step-Growth Polymerization of AB-Type Photo-Monomers at Ambient Temperature. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:201-207. [PMID: 35610893 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We introduce two AB-type monomers able to undergo a facile catalyst-free photoinduced polycycloaddition of photocaged dienes, enabling rapid Diels-Alder ligations under UV-irradiation (λmax = 350 nm) at ambient temperature, closely adhering to Carother's equation established by a careful kinetic study (17800 g mol-1 < Mw < 24700 g mol-1). The resulting macromolecules were in-depth analyzed via size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, SEC hyphenated to high resolution-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) enabled the careful mapping of the end group structure of the generated polymers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both monomer systems can be readily copolymerized. The study thus demonstrates that Diels-Alder ligation resting upon photocaged dienes is a powerful tool for accessing step-growth polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Hurrle
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anja S. Goldmann
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institut
für Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Soft
Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft
Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Müller K, Singh Malhi J, Wohlgemuth J, Fischer RA, Wöll C, Gliemann H, Heinke L. Water as a modulator in the synthesis of surface-mounted metal–organic framework films of type HKUST-1. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16474-16479. [PMID: 30406780 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By using water as modulator, the growth of thin nanoporous SURMOF films, prepared in a layer-by-layer fashion, can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Müller
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Jasleen Singh Malhi
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Jonas Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry
- Catalysis Research Centre
- Technical University Munich
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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15
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Altintoprak K, Seidenstücker A, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Plettl A, Jeske H, Gliemann H, Wege C. RNA-stabilized protein nanorings: high-precision adapters for biohybrid design. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2017. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.16.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Altintoprak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Peter Krolla-Sidenstein
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alfred Plettl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Holger Jeske
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Nayab S, Trouillet V, Gliemann H, Hurrle S, Weidler PG, Rashid Tariq S, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C, Yameen B. Chemically reprogrammable metal organic frameworks (MOFs) based on Diels–Alder chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11461-11464. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We pioneer a new class of reprogrammable MOFs able to switch their interlattice chemistry via a facile Diels–Alder based cycloreversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Nayab
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- SBA School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)
- Lahore
- Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Silvana Hurrle
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Peter G. Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | | | - Anja S. Goldmann
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Basit Yameen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- SBA School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)
- Lahore
- Pakistan
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17
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Hurrle S, Lauer A, Gliemann H, Mutlu H, Wöll C, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C. Two-in-One: λ-Orthogonal Photochemistry on a Radical Photoinitiating System. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Hurrle
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76133 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Andrea Lauer
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76133 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76133 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Anja S. Goldmann
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76133 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- School of Chemistry; Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology (QUT); 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 18 76133 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- School of Chemistry; Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology (QUT); 2 George Street QLD 4000 Brisbane Australia
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18
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Koch C, Eber FJ, Azucena C, Förste A, Walheim S, Schimmel T, Bittner AM, Jeske H, Gliemann H, Eiben S, Geiger FC, Wege C. Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2016; 7:613-29. [PMID: 27335751 PMCID: PMC4901926 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rod-shaped nanoparticles of the widespread plant pathogen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) have been a matter of intense debates and cutting-edge research for more than a hundred years. During the late 19th century, their behavior in filtration tests applied to the agent causing the 'plant mosaic disease' eventually led to the discrimination of viruses from bacteria. Thereafter, they promoted the development of biophysical cornerstone techniques such as electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. Since the 1950s, the robust, helically arranged nucleoprotein complexes consisting of a single RNA and more than 2100 identical coat protein subunits have enabled molecular studies which have pioneered the understanding of viral replication and self-assembly, and elucidated major aspects of virus-host interplay, which can lead to agronomically relevant diseases. However, during the last decades, TMV has acquired a new reputation as a well-defined high-yield nanotemplate with multivalent protein surfaces, allowing for an ordered high-density presentation of multiple active molecules or synthetic compounds. Amino acid side chains exposed on the viral coat may be tailored genetically or biochemically to meet the demands for selective conjugation reactions, or to directly engineer novel functionality on TMV-derived nanosticks. The natural TMV size (length: 300 nm) in combination with functional ligands such as peptides, enzymes, dyes, drugs or inorganic materials is advantageous for applications ranging from biomedical imaging and therapy approaches over surface enlargement of battery electrodes to the immobilization of enzymes. TMV building blocks are also amenable to external control of in vitro assembly and re-organization into technically expedient new shapes or arrays, which bears a unique potential for the development of 'smart' functional 3D structures. Among those, materials designed for enzyme-based biodetection layouts, which are routinely applied, e.g., for monitoring blood sugar concentrations, might profit particularly from the presence of TMV rods: Their surfaces were recently shown to stabilize enzymatic activities upon repeated consecutive uses and over several weeks. This review gives the reader a ride through strikingly diverse achievements obtained with TMV-based particles, compares them to the progress with related viruses, and focuses on latest results revealing special advantages for enzyme-based biosensing formats, which might be of high interest for diagnostics employing 'systems-on-a-chip'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Fabian J Eber
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Carlos Azucena
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Chemistry of Oxidic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, D-76344, Germany
| | - Alexander Förste
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), INT: Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany, and IAP/CFN: Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, D-76131 Germany
| | - Stefan Walheim
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), INT: Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany, and IAP/CFN: Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, D-76131 Germany
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Institute of Applied Physics (IAP) and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), INT: Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany, and IAP/CFN: Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, Karlsruhe, D-76131 Germany
| | - Alexander M Bittner
- CIC Nanogune, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain, and Ikerbasque, Maria Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Holger Jeske
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Chemistry of Oxidic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, D-76344, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Fania C Geiger
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, D-70550, Germany
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19
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Bäcker M, Koch C, Eiben S, Geiger F, Eber F, Gliemann H, Poghossian A, Wege C, Schöning M. A New Class of Biosensors Based on Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Coat Proteins as Enzyme Nanocarrier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Koch C, Wabbel K, Eber FJ, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Azucena C, Gliemann H, Eiben S, Geiger F, Wege C. Modified TMV Particles as Beneficial Scaffolds to Present Sensor Enzymes. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:1137. [PMID: 26734040 PMCID: PMC4689848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a robust nanotubular nucleoprotein scaffold increasingly employed for the high density presentation of functional molecules such as peptides, fluorescent dyes, and antibodies. We report on its use as advantageous carrier for sensor enzymes. A TMV mutant with a cysteine residue exposed on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TMVCys) enabled the coupling of bifunctional maleimide-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-biotin linkers (TMVCys/Bio). Its surface was equipped with two streptavidin [SA]-conjugated enzymes: glucose oxidase ([SA]-GOx) and horseradish peroxidase ([SA]-HRP). At least 50% of the CPs were decorated with a linker molecule, and all thereof with active enzymes. Upon use as adapter scaffolds in conventional "high-binding" microtiter plates, TMV sticks allowed the immobilization of up to 45-fold higher catalytic activities than control samples with the same input of enzymes. Moreover, they increased storage stability and reusability in relation to enzymes applied directly to microtiter plate wells. The functionalized TMV adsorbed to solid supports showed a homogeneous distribution of the conjugated enzymes and structural integrity of the nanorods upon transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. The high surface-increase and steric accessibility of the viral scaffolds in combination with the biochemical environment provided by the plant viral coat may explain the beneficial effects. TMV can, thus, serve as a favorable multivalent nanoscale platform for the ordered presentation of bioactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Katrin Wabbel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Fabian J. Eber
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Krolla-Sidenstein
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carlos Azucena
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Chemistry of Oxydic and Organic Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional InterfacesKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
| | - Fania Geiger
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max-Planck-Institute for Intelligent SystemsStuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of StuttgartStuttgart, Germany
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21
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Liu J, Wächter T, Irmler A, Weidler PG, Gliemann H, Pauly F, Mugnaini V, Zharnikov M, Wöll C. Electric transport properties of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks and the effect of ferrocene loading. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:9824-9830. [PMID: 25875419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the electric transport through surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks (SURMOFs) is important both from a fundamental perspective as well as with regards to possible future applications in electronic devices. To address this mostly unexplored subject, we integrated a series of representative SURMOF thin films, formed by copper nodes and trimesic acid and known as HKUST-1, in a mercury-drop-based tunneling junction. Although the transport properties of these SURMOFs are analogous to those of hybrid metal-organic molecular wires, manifested by a very low value of the tunneling decay constant (β ≈ 0.006 Å(-1)), they are at the same time found to be consistent with a linear increase of resistance with film thickness. Upon loading of SURMOF pores with ferrocene (Fc), a noticeable increase in transport current was observed. A transport model and ab initio electronic structure calculations were used to reveal a hopping transport mechanism and to relate the changes upon Fc loading to those of the electronic and vibrational structures of the SURMOF films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxi Liu
- †Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias Wächter
- ‡Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Irmler
- §Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter G Weidler
- †Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- †Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fabian Pauly
- §Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Veronica Mugnaini
- †Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- ‡Applied Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- †Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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22
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Schmitt S, Silvestre M, Tsotsalas M, Winkler AL, Shahnas A, Grosjean S, Laye F, Gliemann H, Lahann J, Bräse S, Franzreb M, Wöll C. Hierarchically functionalized magnetic core/multishell particles and their postsynthetic conversion to polymer capsules. ACS Nano 2015; 9:4219-4226. [PMID: 25801319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The controlled synthesis of hierarchically functionalized core/multishell particles is highly desirable for applications in medicine, catalysis, and separation. Here, we describe the synthesis of hierarchically structured metal-organic framework multishells around magnetic core particles (magMOFs) via layer-by-layer (LbL) synthesis. The LbL deposition enables the design of multishell systems, where each MOF shell can be modified to install different functions. Here, we used this approach to create controlled release capsules, in which the inner shell serves as a reservoir and the outer shell serves as a membrane after postsynthetic conversion of the MOF structure to a polymer network. These capsules enable the controlled release of loaded dye molecules, depending on the surrounding media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylvain Grosjean
- ∥Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Bräse
- ∥Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Fuchise K, Lindemann P, Heißler S, Gliemann H, Trouillet V, Welle A, Berson J, Walheim S, Schimmel T, Meier MAR, Barner-Kowollik C. A photolithographic approach to spatially resolved cross-linked nanolayers. Langmuir 2015; 31:3242-3253. [PMID: 25705846 DOI: 10.1021/la505011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of cross-linked nanosheets with 1-2 nm thickness and predefined shape was achieved by lithographic immobilization of trimethacryloyl thioalkanoates onto the surface of Si wafers, which were functionalized with 2-(phenacylthio)acetamido groups via a photoinduced reaction. Subsequent cross-linking via free radical polymerization as well as a phototriggered Diels-Alder reaction under mild conditions on the surface led to the desired nanosheets. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), as well as infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) confirmed the success of individual surface-modification and cross-linking reactions. The thickness and lateral size of the cross-linked structures were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) for samples prepared on Si wafers functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl groups bearing circular pores obtained via a polymer blend lithographic approach, which led to the cross-linking reactions occurring in circular nanoareas (diameter of 50-640 nm) yielding an average thickness of 1.2 nm (radical cross-linking), 1.8 nm (radical cross-linking in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate as a comonomer), and 1.1 nm (photochemical cross-linking) of the nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Fuchise
- †Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- ‡Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Lindemann
- §Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heißler
- §Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- §Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- ∥Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- †Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- ⊥Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Berson
- #Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ∇Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Walheim
- #Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ∇Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- #Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ∇Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- ‡Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- †Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- ⊥Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Altintoprak K, Seidenstücker A, Welle A, Eiben S, Atanasova P, Stitz N, Plettl A, Bill J, Gliemann H, Jeske H, Rothenstein D, Geiger F, Wege C. Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2015; 6:1399-1412. [PMID: 26199844 PMCID: PMC4505087 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The coating of regular-shaped, readily available nanorod biotemplates with inorganic compounds has attracted increasing interest during recent years. The goal is an effective, bioinspired fabrication of fiber-reinforced composites and robust, miniaturized technical devices. Major challenges in the synthesis of applicable mineralized nanorods lie in selectivity and adjustability of the inorganic material deposited on the biological, rod-shaped backbones, with respect to thickness and surface profile of the resulting coating, as well as the avoidance of aggregation into extended superstructures. Nanotubular tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) templates have proved particularly suitable towards this goal: Their multivalent protein coating can be modified by high-surface-density conjugation of peptides, inducing and governing silica deposition from precursor solutions in vitro. In this study, TMV has been equipped with mineralization-directing peptides designed to yield silica coatings in a reliable and predictable manner via precipitation from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursors. Three peptide groups were compared regarding their influence on silica polymerization: (i) two peptide variants with alternating basic and acidic residues, i.e. lysine-aspartic acid (KD) x motifs expected to act as charge-relay systems promoting TEOS hydrolysis and silica polymerization; (ii) a tetrahistidine-exposing polypeptide (CA4H4) known to induce silicification due to the positive charge of its clustered imidazole side chains; and (iii) two peptides with high ZnO binding affinity. Differential effects on the mineralization of the TMV surface were demonstrated, where a (KD) x charge-relay peptide (designed in this study) led to the most reproducible and selective silica deposition. A homogenous coating of the biotemplate and tight control of shell thickness were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Altintoprak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Axel Seidenstücker
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petia Atanasova
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nina Stitz
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alfred Plettl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Holger Jeske
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk Rothenstein
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Fania Geiger
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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25
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Altintas O, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Gliemann H, Barner-Kowollik C. Single-Chain Folding of Diblock Copolymers Driven by Orthogonal H-Donor and Acceptor Units. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501186k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Altintas
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Krolla-Sidenstein
- Institute
of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute
of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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26
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Gu ZG, Bürck J, Bihlmeier A, Liu J, Shekhah O, Weidler PG, Azucena C, Wang Z, Heissler S, Gliemann H, Klopper W, Ulrich AS, Wöll C. Oriented Circular Dichroism Analysis of Chiral Surface-Anchored Metal-Organic Frameworks Grown by Liquid-Phase Epitaxy and upon Loading with Chiral Guest Compounds. Chemistry 2014; 20:9879-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Wang Z, Liu J, Lukose B, Gu Z, Weidler PG, Gliemann H, Heine T, Wöll C. Nanoporous designer solids with huge lattice constant gradients: multiheteroepitaxy of metal-organic frameworks. Nano Lett 2014; 14:1526-1529. [PMID: 24512342 DOI: 10.1021/nl404767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the realization of hierarchically organized MOF (metal-organic framework) multilayer systems with pronounced differences in the size of the nanoscale pores. Unusually large values for the lattice constant mismatch at the MOF-MOF heterojunctions are made possible by a particular liquid-phase epitaxy process. The multiheteroepitaxy is demonstrated for the isoreticular SURMOF-2 series [ Liu et al. Sci. Rep. 2012 , 2 , 921 ] by fabricating trilayer systems with lattice constants of 1.12, 1.34, and 1.55 nm. Despite these large (20%) lattice mismatches, highly crystalline, oriented multilayers were obtained. A thorough theoretical analysis of the MOF-on-MOF heterojunction structure and energetics allows us to identify the two main reasons for this unexpected tolerance of large lattice mismatch: the healing of vacancies with acetate groups and the low elastic constant of MOF materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbang Wang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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28
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Wang Z, Liu J, Arslan HK, Grosjean S, Hagendorn T, Gliemann H, Bräse S, Wöll C. Post-synthetic modification of metal-organic framework thin films using click chemistry: the importance of strained C-C triple bonds. Langmuir 2013; 29:15958-15964. [PMID: 24283622 DOI: 10.1021/la403854w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) yields virtually complete conversion in the context of the post-synthetic modification (PSM) of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). We use surface-anchored MOF (SURMOF) thin films, [Zn2(N3-bdc)2(dabco)], grown on modified Au substrates using liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) as a model system to first show that, with standard click chemistry, presently, the most popular method for rendering additional functionality to MOFs via PSM, quantitative conversion yields, cannot be reached. In addition, it is virtually impossible to avoid contaminations of the product by the cytotoxic Cu(I) ions used as a catalyst, a substantial problem for applications in life sciences. Both problems could be overcome by SPAAC, where a metal catalyst is not needed. After optimization of reaction conditions, conversion yields of nearly 100% could be achieved. The consequences of these results for various applications of PSM-modified SURMOFs in the fields of membranes, optical coatings, catalysis, selective gas separation, and chemical sensing are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbang Wang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, ‡Soft Matter Synthesis Lab, Institute of Biological Interfaces, and ∥Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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29
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Arpa Sancet MP, Hanke M, Wang Z, Bauer S, Azucena C, Arslan HK, Heinle M, Gliemann H, Wöll C, Rosenhahn A. Surface anchored metal-organic frameworks as stimulus responsive antifouling coatings. Biointerphases 2013; 8:29. [DOI: 10.1186/1559-4106-8-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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30
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Altintas O, Willenbacher J, Wuest KNR, Oehlenschlaeger KK, Krolla-Sidenstein P, Gliemann H, Barner-Kowollik C. A Mild and Efficient Approach to Functional Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles via Photoinduced Diels–Alder Ligation. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4015033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Altintas
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Johannes Willenbacher
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kilian N. R. Wuest
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kim K. Oehlenschlaeger
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Krolla-Sidenstein
- Institut
für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institut
für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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31
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Ladnorg T, Welle A, Heißler S, Wöll C, Gliemann H. Site-selective growth of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks on self-assembled monolayer patterns prepared by AFM nanografting. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2013; 4:638-48. [PMID: 24205458 PMCID: PMC3817682 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.4.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface anchored metal-organic frameworks, SURMOFs, are highly porous materials, which can be grown on modified substrates as highly oriented, crystalline coatings by a quasi-epitaxial layer-by-layer method (liquid-phase epitaxy, or LPE). The chemical termination of the supporting substrate is crucial, because the most convenient method for substrate modification is the formation of a suitable self-assembled monolayer. The choice of a particular SAM also allows for control over the orientation of the SURMOF. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the site-selective growth of the SURMOF HKUST-1 on thiol-based self-assembled monolayers patterned by the nanografting technique, with an atomic force microscope as a structuring tool. Two different approaches were applied: The first one is based on 3-mercaptopropionic acid molecules which are grafted in a 1-decanethiolate SAM, which serves as a matrix for this nanolithography. The second approach uses 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid, which is grafted in a matrix of an 1-octadecanethiolate SAM. In both cases a site-selective growth of the SURMOF is observed. In the latter case the roughness of the HKUST-1 is found to be significantly higher than for the 1-mercaptopropionic acid. The successful grafting process was verified by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy. The SURMOF structures grown via LPE were investigated and characterized by atomic force microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ladnorg
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heißler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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32
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Azucena C, Eber FJ, Trouillet V, Hirtz M, Heissler S, Franzreb M, Fuchs H, Wege C, Gliemann H. New approaches for bottom-up assembly of tobacco mosaic virus-derived nucleoprotein tubes on defined patterns on silica- and polymer-based substrates. Langmuir 2012; 28:14867-14877. [PMID: 22950722 DOI: 10.1021/la302774h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The capability of some natural molecular building blocks to self-organize into defined supramolecular architectures is a versatile tool for nanotechnological applications. Their site-selective integration into a technical context, however, still poses a major challenge. RNA-directed self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus-derived coat protein on immobilized RNA scaffolds presents a possibility to grow nucleoprotein nanotubes in place. Two new methods for their site-selective, bottom-up assembly are introduced. For this purpose, isothiocyanate alkoxysilane was used to activate oxidic surfaces for the covalent immobilization of DNA oligomers, which served as linkers for assembly-directing RNA. Patterned silanization of surfaces was achieved (1) on oxidic surfaces via dip-pen nanolithography and (2) on polymer surfaces (poly(dimethylsiloxane)) via selective oxidization by UV-light irradiation in air. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surfaces. It is shown for the first time that the combination of the mentioned structuring methods and the isothiocyanate-based chemistry is appropriate (1) for the site-selective immobilization of nucleic acids and, thus, (2) for the formation of viral nanoparticles by bottom-up self-assembly after adding the corresponding coat proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Azucena
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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33
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Streit HC, Adlung M, Shekhah O, Stammer X, Arslan HK, Zybaylo O, Ladnorg T, Gliemann H, Franzreb M, Wöll C, Wickleder C. Surface-Anchored MOF-Based Photonic Antennae. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:2699-702. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Hanke M, Arslan HK, Bauer S, Zybaylo O, Christophis C, Gliemann H, Rosenhahn A, Wöll C. The biocompatibility of metal-organic framework coatings: an investigation on the stability of SURMOFs with regard to water and selected cell culture media. Langmuir 2012; 28:6877-6884. [PMID: 22471238 DOI: 10.1021/la300457z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous thin films based on a [Cu(bdc)(2)](n) (bdc = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid) metal-organic framework, MOF, grown using liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) show remarkable stability in pure water as well as in artificial seawater. This opens the possibility to use these highly porous coatings for environmental and life science applications. Here we characterize in detail the stability of these SURMOF 2 thin films under aqueous and cell culture conditions. We find that the material degrades only very slowly in water and artificial seawater (ASW) whereas in typical cell culture media (PBS and DMEM) a rapid dissolution is observed. The release of Cu(2+) ions resulting from the dissolution of the SURMOF 2 in the liquids exhibits no adverse effect on the adhesion of fibroblasts, prototype eukaryotic cells, to the substrate and their subsequent proliferation, thus demonstrating the biocompatibility of SURMOF 2 surface coatings. Thus, the results are an important step toward application of these porous materials as a slow release matrix, for example, for pharmaceuticals and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hanke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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35
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Blinco JP, Trouillet V, Bruns M, Gerstel P, Gliemann H, Barner-Kowollik C. Dynamic covalent chemistry on surfaces employing highly reactive cyclopentadienyl moieties. Adv Mater 2011; 23:4435-4439. [PMID: 21960480 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James P Blinco
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 18, Karlsruhe, Germany
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36
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Mueller A, Eber FJ, Azucena C, Petershans A, Bittner AM, Gliemann H, Jeske H, Wege C. Inducible site-selective bottom-up assembly of virus-derived nanotube arrays on RNA-equipped wafers. ACS Nano 2011; 5:4512-4520. [PMID: 21591634 DOI: 10.1021/nn103557s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a tube-shaped, exceptionally stable plant virus, which is among the biomolecule complexes offering most promising perspectives for nanotechnology applications. Every viral nanotube self-assembles from a single RNA strand and numerous identical coat protein (CP) subunits. Here we demonstrate that biotechnologically engineered RNA species containing the TMV origin of assembly can be selectively attached to solid surfaces via one end and govern the bottom-up growth of surface-linked TMV-like nanotubes in situ on demand. SiO(2) wafers patterned by polymer blend lithography were modified in a chemically selective manner, which allowed positioning of in vitro produced RNA scaffolds into predefined patches on the 100-500 nm scale. The RNA operated as guiding strands for the self-assembly of spatially ordered nanotube 3D arrays on the micrometer scale. This novel approach may promote technically applicable production routes toward a controlled integration of multivalent biotemplates into miniaturized devices to functionalize poorly accessible components prior to use. Furthermore, the results mark a milestone in the experimental verification of viral nucleoprotein complex self-assembly mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mueller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Virology of Plants, Institute of Biology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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37
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Nickel U, Halbig P, Gliemann H, Schneider S. Charge Transfer Like Complexes of Organic Dyes Adsorbed at Colloidal Silver studied by Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-vis and SERS Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Tunc I, Bruns M, Gliemann H, Grunze M, Koelsch P. Bandgap determination and charge separation in Ag@TiO2
core shell nanoparticle films. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Montero-Pancera S, Trouillet V, Petershans A, Fichtner D, Lyapin A, Bruns M, Schimmel T, Wedlich D, Reichlmaier S, Weidler PG, Gliemann H. Design of chemically activated polymer microwells by one-step UV-lithography for stem cell adhesion. Langmuir 2010; 26:2050-2056. [PMID: 19799401 DOI: 10.1021/la902563d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to produce sub-microwalled chemically activated polymer microwells by one-step UV-lithography under ambient conditions which are selectively coated with gelatin is introduced. The dimensions as well as the shape of the resulting polystyrene structures are both tunable merely by the irradiation time through one and the same mask. It is shown that the UV-irradiation initiates three effects at those surface areas which are not covered by the mask: (i) oxidation, (ii) cross-linking, and (iii) degradation of polystyrene. The superposition of those effects results in the formation of microscaled, oxidized polymer wells separated by polymer walls, whereas the polymer walls are formed below the mask structures. Topographical changes induced by the UV-irradiation are investigated by atomic force microscopy after different irradiation times. It is shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometric investigations that the chemical composition of the irradiated areas and the degradation of polystyrene reach an equilibrium state after an irradiation time of 10 min. The lateral distribution of the cross-linked and oxidized and of the nonmodified polystyrene after irradiation was determined by fluorescence microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. After the irradiated samples were treated with gelatin solution, it was found that stem cells selectively attach to the irradiated areas. This is due to the selective immobilization of the gelatin on the irradiated polymer areas, which was proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Montero-Pancera
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Petershans A, Lyapin A, Reichlmaier S, Kalinina S, Wedlich D, Gliemann H. TOF-SIMS analysis of structured surfaces biofunctionalized by a one-step coupling of a spacer-linked GRGDS peptide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 341:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kalinina S, Gliemann H, López-García M, Petershans A, Auernheimer J, Schimmel T, Bruns M, Schambony A, Kessler H, Wedlich D. Isothiocyanate-functionalized RGD peptides for tailoring cell-adhesive surface patterns. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3004-13. [PMID: 18433862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the advances made in surface patterning by micro- and nanotechnology, alternative methods to immobilize biomolecules for different purposes are highly desired. RGD peptides are commonly used to create cell-attractive surfaces for cell-biological and also medical applications. We have developed a fast, one-step method to bind RGD peptides covalently to surfaces by thiourea formation, which can be applied to structured and unstructured materials. RGD peptides were fused to an isothiocyanate anchor during synthesis and directly immobilized on amino-terminated surfaces. The spreading behavior of fibroblasts and the formation of focal contacts served to prove the applicability of the coupling method. Two different linear peptides and one cyclic peptide were compared. All the peptides induced spreading behavior and the formation of focal contacts in murine fibroblasts. Adhesion was specific as cells neither recognized the corresponding negative control peptides nor spread in the presence of soluble H-RGDS-OH peptide. We successfully applied our coupling method to functionalize surface patterns created by microcontact printing (microCP) and chemical etching. Cells recognize areas selectively coated with RGD-containing peptides, proliferate and maintain this preference during long-term cultivation. Our method significantly facilitates surface modification with any kind of peptide - even for the preparation of peptide-functionalized small surface areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sviatlana Kalinina
- Institut für Zoologie II (Entwicklungs- und Zellphysiologie), Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Karlsruhe, Germany
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López-Gejo J, Gliemann H, Schimmel T, Braun AM. Vacuum-ultraviolet Photochemically Initiated Modification of Polystyrene Surfaces: Chemical Changes¶,‡. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pancera SM, Gliemann H, Schimmel T, Petri DFS. Adsorption behavior and activity of hexokinase. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 302:417-23. [PMID: 16876812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study on the adsorption of hexokinase (HK) onto silicon wafers was carried out by means of in situ ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy in the liquid. The thickness values of the adsorbed HK layer determined by both techniques were in excellent agreement and evidenced HK monolayer formation. The adsorption of HK onto Si wafers was favored at low ionic strength, indicating that the adsorption is mainly driven by electrostatic forces, since salt screens not only the segment-segment repulsion but also the segment-surface attraction when the salt concentration increases. The enzymatic activity of free HK and of adsorbed HK was measured as a function of time. Free HK in solution lost activity upon storage. Contrarily, adsorbed HK kept its activity level even after 48 h storage at room temperature. This outstanding behavior was attributed to specific orientation of the HK active site to the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Pancera
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Abstract
We demonstrate that the adsorption of cationic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB) on negatively charged mica substrates can be controlled in situ by the ionic strength of the suspension. The SPB used in our experiments consist of colloidal core particles made of polystyrene. Long cationic polyelectrolyte chains are grafted onto these cores that have diameters in the range of 100 nm. These particles are suspended in aqueous solution with a fixed ionic strength. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in suspension as well as in air was used for surface characterization. In pure water the polymer particles exhibit a strong adhesion to the mica surface. AFM investigations of the dry samples show that the particles occupy the identical positions as they did in liquid. They were not removed by the capillary forces within the receding water front during the drying process. The strong interaction between the particles and the mica surface is corroborated by testing the adhesion of individual particles on the dried surface by means of the AFM tip: after a stepwise increase of the force applied to the surface by the AFM tip, the polymer particles still were not removed from the surface, but they were cut through and remained on the substrate. Moreover, in situ AFM measurements showed that particles which adsorb under liquid in a stable manner are easily desorbed from the surface after electrolyte is added to the suspension. This finding is explained by a decreasing attractive particle-substrate interaction, and the removal of the particles from the surface is due to the significant reduction of the activation barrier of the particle desorption. All findings can be explained in terms of the counterion release force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Abstract
The combination of in situ ellipsometry with atomic force microscopy in the liquid for the study of adsorption of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) onto silicon wafers was shown for the first time. The thickness, adsorbed amount, and topographic information of the adsorbed CPK layers were obtained under different pH conditions. The thickness values of adsorbed CPK layer determined by both techniques were in excellent agreement. At pH 4, CPK monomers present in solution adsorb, forming a very thin (approximately 0.8 nm) layer, indicating CPK unfolding. Upon increasing the pH to 6.8, the adsorbed layer is composed of a mixture of CPK dimers (native structure) and intermediates, increasing the film thickness (approximately 2.4 nm). At pH 9, CPK dimers form monolayers with the highest thickness (approximately 4.0 nm). The nature of interactions between CPK and Si wafers associated with the hydration force seems to control the degree of CPK unfolding upon adsorbing. The enzymatic activity of free CPK and of adsorbed CPK at pH 4, pH 6.8, and pH 9 was measured as a function of pH. In comparison to free CPK in solution, adsorbed CPK presented a shift of the optimal pH from 6.8 toward alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Pancera
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 26077, São Paulo, SP, 05513-970, Brazil
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Gliemann H, Almeida AT, Petri DFS, Schimmel T. Nanostructure formation in polymer thin films influenced by humidity. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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López-Gejo J, Gliemann H, Schimmel T, Braun AM. Vacuum-ultraviolet photochemically initiated modification of polystyrene surfaces: chemical changes. Photochem Photobiol 2005; 81:777-82. [PMID: 15689178 DOI: 10.1562/2004-11-30-ra-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and surface energy analysis (contact angle measurements) have been performed as a means of identification and quantification of the functionalization of polystyrene surfaces upon vacuum ultraviolet- (VUV-) photochemically initiated oxidation. Photochemical oxidation was performed in the presence of water vapor and molecular oxygen using a pulsed Xe2-excimer radiation source (lambda(exc): 172 nm). Surface oxidation was studied as a function of two parameters: irradiation time and distance between sample and radiation source. During the first 1-2 min of irradiation, an increase of the concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) and carbonyl (C=O) groups on the surface was observed, both reaching limiting values. As expected, the rate of oxidation diminished exponentially with increasing distance between the radiation source and the surface of the polystyrene film. Changes in the surface energy due to the introduction of these polar (i.e. OH and C=O) groups were also determined. The densities of the functional groups decreased upon washing with acetonitrile, and analysis of the washing solution by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of a large number of products. The application of pulsed Xe2-excimer radiation sources as a valuable alternative to conventional means (i.e. laser and plasma) for the photochemical oxidation and surface modification of polystyrene is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan López-Gejo
- Lehrstuhl für Umweltmesstechnik, Universität Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Balaban TS, Linke-Schaetzel M, Bhise AD, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C, Anson CE, Buth G, Eichhöfer A, Foster K, Garab G, Gliemann H, Goddard R, Javorfi T, Powell AK, Rösner H, Schimmel T. Structural Characterization of Artificial Self-Assembling Porphyrins That Mimic the Natural Chlorosomal Bacteriochlorophyllsc,d, ande. Chemistry 2005; 11:2267-75. [PMID: 15635683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report two crystal structures of a synthetic porphyrin molecule which was programmed for self-assembly. The same groups which ensure that bacteriochlorophylls c, d, and e can self-assemble into the chlorosomal nanorods, the photosynthetic antenna system of some green bacteria, have been engineered into desired positions of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle. In the case of the 5,15-meso-substituted anchoring groups, depending upon the concentration, by using the same crystallization solvents, either a tetragonal or a layered structure of porphyrin stacks were encountered. Surprisingly, pi-pi interactions combined with extensive dispersive interactions, which also encompass cyclohexane, one of the crystallization solvents, win over putative hydrogen bonding. We are aware that our compounds differ considerably from the natural bacteriochlorophylls, but based upon our findings, we now question the hydrogen-bonding network, previously proposed to organize stacks of bacteriochlorophylls. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on various isomeric compounds support our challenge of current models for the chlorosomal antenna as these show structures, astonishingly similar to those of chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Silviu Balaban
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute for Nanotechnology, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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López-Gejo J, Gliemann H, Schimmel T, Braun AM. Vacuum-ultraviolet Photochemically Initiated Modification of Polystyrene Surfaces: Chemical Changes¶,‡. Photochem Photobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1562/2004-11-30-ra-387r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mei Y, Wittemann A, Sharma G, Ballauff M, Koch T, Gliemann H, Horbach J, Schimmel T. Engineering the Interaction of Latex Spheres with Charged Surfaces: AFM Investigation of Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes on Mica. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0258399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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