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Wright H. Conflict at the heart of the Welsh farming scheme. Vet Rec 2024; 194:192. [PMID: 38427397 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Wright
- Farmers' Union of Wales, Llys Amaeth, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3BT
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2
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Teo A, Wright H. 1308 VIRTUAL FRAILTY WARD - POST DISCHARGE FRAILTY SUPPORT. Age Ageing 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac322.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In response to the COVID pandemic when new robust discharge criteria were introduced to facilitate early discharge to optimise hospital capacity, Virtual Frailty Ward (VFW) was established. VFW provides nurse-led telephone follow-up for patients discharged primarily from the Emergency Department (ED) and the Acute Frailty unit (AFU).
Objectives
We aim to provide continuity of care by following up frail elderly patients at home, reviewing their medical, functional and social progress post discharge and ensuring they received adequate support to avoid hospital re-admission.
Methods
The service is overseen by the Lead Frailty Practitioner, supported by Consultant Geriatricians. Calls are made Monday to Friday by a team of Advanced Specialist Nurses. The case load is split up into 3 categories with different levels of priorities – 1: at least weekly calls; 2: Fortnightly calls; 3: Monthly calls. This service engages closely with community partners such as community frailty service, social care, district nurses and general practitioners.
Results
In year 1 (1/4/2020-31/3/2021), we had 598 patients on this VFW. 93 patients were referred to therapy team for urgent equipment to maintain safety, 73 patients were referred to community frailty and 112 patients had urgent discussions with GP to avoid hospital admissions. The 30 days readmissions rate was 14%. 547 patients were discharged. In year 2 (1/4/2021 – 31/3/2022), we had 297 patients. 49 patients were referred to therapy team, 32 patients were referred to community frailty team, and 41 patients required input from GP. The 30-day readmission rate was 11%. 224 patients were discharged.
Conclusion
VFW is a cost- effective service that has helped to reduce length of stay of frail elderly patients in an acute hospital setting, maintaining patient safety and prevent hospital re-admission, co-ordinated with community services. Our service has been highlighted in the recent GIRFT report on improving clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teo
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Department of Elderly Medicine,
| | - H Wright
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Department of Elderly Medicine,
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Duckworth JJ, Wright H, Christiansen P, Rose AK, Fallon N. Sign-tracking modulates reward-related neural activation to reward cues, but not reward feedback. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5000-5013. [PMID: 35912531 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Research shows cognitive and neurobiological overlap between sign-tracking [value-modulated attentional capture (VMAC) by response-irrelevant, discrete cues] and maladaptive behaviour (e.g. substance abuse). We investigated the neural correlates of sign-tracking in 20 adults using an additional singleton task (AST) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants responded to a target to win monetary reward, the amount of which was signalled by singleton type (reward cue: high value vs. low value). Singleton responses resulted in monetary deductions. Sign-tracking-greater distraction by high-value vs. low-value singletons (H > L)-was observed, with high-value singletons producing slower responses to the target than low-value singletons. Controlling for age and sex, analyses revealed no differential brain activity across H > L singletons. Including sign-tracking as a regressor of interest revealed increased activity (H > L singletons) in cortico-subcortical loops, regions associated with Pavlovian conditioning, reward processing, attention shifts and relative value coding. Further analyses investigated responses to reward feedback (H > L). Controlling for age and sex, increased activity (H > L reward feedback) was found in regions associated with reward anticipation, attentional control, success monitoring and emotion regulation. Including sign-tracking as a regressor of interest revealed increased activity in the temporal pole, a region related to value discrimination. Results suggest sign-tracking is associated with activation of the 'attention and salience network' in response to reward cues but not reward feedback, suggesting parcellation between the two at the level of the brain. Results add to the literature showing considerable overlap in neural systems implicated in reward processing, learning, habit formation, emotion regulation and substance craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J Duckworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hazel Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Abigail K Rose
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas Fallon
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Padem N, Wright H, Fuleihan R, Garabedian E, Suez D, Cunningham-Rundles C, Marsh RA, Khojah A. Rheumatologic diseases in patients with inborn errors of immunity in the USIDNET registry. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:2197-2203. [PMID: 35099673 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-06044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a gap in clinical knowledge regarding associations between specific inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) and rheumatologic diseases. This study reports the frequency of rheumatologic conditions in a large cohort of patients with IEI using the USIDNET (United States Immunodeficiency Network) registry. We used the USIDNET registry to conduct the analysis. We included all IEI patients within the registry for whom a diagnosed rheumatologic disease was reported. The total number of patients with IEI in our query was 5058. Among those, 278 (5.49%) patients had a diagnosis of rheumatologic disease. This cohort included 172 (61.8%) female and 106 (38.2%) male patients. Rheumatologic complications were highest in the interferonopathies (66.6%), autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) (13.7%), and immunoglobulin G subclass deficiency (IgGSD) (11.11%). Additionally, disease patterns were noted to be different in various IEI disease groups. Inflammatory myopathies were the most common rheumatologic condition in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (1.65%), Sjogren's syndrome was the most common rheumatologic disease reported in ALPS patients (6.85%), and systemic lupus erythematosus was the most common rheumatologic disease in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) (7.41%). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) report rate was highest in patients with IgGSD (3.70%), specific antibody deficiency (SAD) (3.66%), and ALPS (2.74%). This study reports that rheumatologic diseases are frequently observed in patients with IEI. The frequency of different rheumatologic conditions was variable based on the underlying diagnosis. Clinicians caring for patients with IEI should be vigilant to monitor for rheumatologic complications. Key Points • The rates of reported rheumatologic diseases in the USIDNET registry are different in individual IEIs. • Further studies are needed to guide clinicians for detecting rheumatologic conditions earlier in patients with IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Padem
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Dr, ROC 4270, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - H Wright
- United States Immunodeficiency Network, Towson, MD, USA
| | - R Fuleihan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Garabedian
- Division of Intramural Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Suez
- Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Clinic, PA, Irving, TX, USA
| | - C Cunningham-Rundles
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - R A Marsh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Khojah
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Chegini S, Campbell SJ, Klontzas ME, Chopra R, Wright H, Exley R, Thusu S, McKenny E, Heliotis M. Development of a patient-reported outcomes and experience measure for Orthognathic surgery: validation of the Northwick Park Orthognathic Questionnaire (NOQ). Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:659-664. [PMID: 34756661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Orthognathic surgery aims to correct dentoskeletal and facial discrepancies. The expected benefits are functional, cosmetic, and psychological. In a previous publication, this group assessed the determinants of patient satisfaction to formulate the Northwick Park Orthognathic Questionnaire (NOQ). The aim of the present study was to validate this questionnaire. A total of 118 postoperative patients prospectively completed the NOQ, 30 of whom completed the questionnaire a second time. The mean completion rate was 87.6 ± 10%. Response reproducibility was high: 92% of patients gave identical responses (range 81-100%). The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.96 (0.96 ± 0.072). Average test-retest scores for each domain were as follows (range in parenthesis): reasons for treatment 93% (60-100%), preoperative experience 96% (81-100%), preparation for surgery 95% (81-100%), inpatient experience 89% (55-100%), post-discharge experience 83% (55-100%), benefits of treatment 92% (71-100%), overall patient education 91% (62-100%). Internal validity using Cronbach's alpha was 0.72 (standard deviation 0.23, range 0.5-1). The results confirm the consistency of responses and the reliability of the information collected with the NOQ. The NOQ is a novel questionnaire and a valid metric to quantify a patient's perception of their experience. Its adoption may aid in making targeted improvements to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chegini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK.
| | - S-J Campbell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - M E Klontzas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - R Chopra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - H Wright
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - R Exley
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - S Thusu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - E McKenny
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - M Heliotis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
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Carey C, Din ND, Lamb J, Wright H, Robb ND, Abuzar M. Survival of Single-Unit Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) and Metal Crowns Placed by Students at an Australian University Dental Clinic over a Five-Year Period. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9060060. [PMID: 34071165 PMCID: PMC8227166 DOI: 10.3390/dj9060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the survival rate of single-unit porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and metal crowns placed by dental students at an Australian university undergraduate dental clinic over a five-year period. Complications and the incidences of crown failures were recorded. Clinical records pertaining to single-unit PFM and metal crowns inserted over a five-year period were reviewed, including patient-related, tooth-related, and procedural factors for each crown. Crowns were evaluated as surviving, surviving with complications, or failed. Kaplan–Meier statistical analysis was used to estimate survival rate., This study is based on a sample of 232 (78.4%) PFM crowns and 64 (21.6%) metal crowns inserted between 2014 and 2018. Cumulatively, 224 (75.7%) were surviving, 48 (16.2%) were surviving but previously had complications, and 24 (8.1%) failed. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of all PFM and metal crowns was 83.9% (0.839 ± 0.038, Kaplan–Meier). The average survival time for all crowns was 4.432 ± 0.089 years. Comparatively, PFM crowns had a higher survival rate at 1 year (0.972 ± 0.010) and 2 years (0.919 ± 0.017), compared to metal crowns at 1 year (0.964 ± 0.011) and 2 years (0.894± 0.018). The survival rate of metal crowns remained constant from 2 years to 4 years and thereafter, whereas there was a continued decline in the survival rate of PFM crowns to 83.2% (0.832 ± 0.038) at 4 years and thereafter. Crowns placed on premolars had the highest cumulative survival rate whereas those placed on molars exhibited the lowest survival rate for the duration of the study period. Despite single-unit PFM crowns having a higher 1- and 2-year survival rate compared to metal crowns, metal crowns had a higher survival rate at 4 years and thereafter. Survival rates are comparable to previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Carey
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Nick Del Din
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Jessica Lamb
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Hazel Wright
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Nigel D. Robb
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
| | - Menaka Abuzar
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4215, Australia; (C.C.); (N.D.D.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (N.D.R.)
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Raseta M, Bazarova A, Wright H, Parrott A, Nayak S. A novel toolkit for the prediction of clinical outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:795.e15-795.e21. [PMID: 32718742 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a robust toolkit to aid decision-making for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) based on readily available patient variables that could accurately predict functional outcome following MT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from patients with anterior circulation stroke who underwent MT between October 2009 and January 2018 (n=239) were identified from our MT database. Patient explanatory variables were age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), collateral score, and Glasgow Coma Scale. Five models were developed from the data to predict five outcomes of interest: model 1: prediction of survival: modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-5 (alive) or 6 (dead); model 2: prediction of good/poor outcome: mRS of 0-3 (good), or 4-6 (poor); model 3: prediction of good/poor outcome: mRS of 0-2 (good), or 3-6 (poor); model 4: prediction of mRS category: mRS of 0-2 (no disability), 3 (minor disability), 4-5 (severe disability) or 6 (dead); model 5: prediction of the exact mRs score (mRs as a continuous variable). The accuracy and discriminative power of each predictive model were tested. RESULTS Prediction of survival was 87% accurate (area under the curve [AUC] 0.89). Prediction of good/poor outcome was 91% accurate (AUC 0.94) for Model 2 and 95% accurate (AUC 0.98) for Model 3. Prediction of mRS category was 76% accurate, and increased to 98% using the "one-score-out rule". Prediction of the exact mRS value was accurate to an error of 0.89. CONCLUSIONS This novel toolkit provided accurate estimations of outcome for MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raseta
- Institute for Applied Clinical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - A Bazarova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, 6 Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2SY, UK
| | - H Wright
- University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Newcastle Rd, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 6QG, UK
| | - A Parrott
- Keele University School of Medicine, Newcastle Road, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 6QG, UK
| | - S Nayak
- University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Newcastle Rd, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 6QG, UK.
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Cross A, Hawkes J, Frankland H, Mediana A, Wright H, Goodson N, Edwards S, Moots R. AB0115 SECUKINUMAB THERAPY DOES NOT AFFECT NEUTROPHIL HOST DEFENCE IN PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Biologic therapies have revolutionised therapy in inflammatory diseases such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA), driving major improvements in outcomes. Th17 cells appear to play a key role in the pathogenesis of PsA, and IL-17 can trigger the release of chemoattractants such as CXCL8 and CCL20, leading to the further infiltration of other immune cells including neutrophils. Infiltrating activated neutrophils can themselves generate a range of chemoattractants which may amplify and sustain the inflammatory response. Therapeutic targeting of IL-17 with biologics such as secukinumab offers great benefit in PsA by blocking this inflammatory cycle: however the interaction of this agent with neutrophils, key components of host defence as well as potential mediators of this disease, is not known.Objectives:This study aimed to measure key aspects of neutrophil function to determine: a) changes in the functions of circulating neutrophils in PsA patients pre-therapy, compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls and b) if these functions changed in PsA patients 12-weeks post-secukinumab therapy.Methods:Neutrophils were isolated from venous blood of 16 PsA patients and 10 healthy controls. Key neutrophil functions were measured at baseline and 12 weeks: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis (+/- TNF and GM-CSF), phagocytosis, receptor expression and chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression pre- and 12-weeks post-therapy (n=5 PsA) were measured using RNAseq.Results:PsARC response was observed in 70.6% of participants on secukinumab therapy at 12 weeks. There were no significant differences in ROS production, phagocytosis or chemotaxis in PsA patients at baseline (compared to healthy controls) or during therapy. Chemotaxis towards IL-8 in PsA patients at baseline was decreased compared to that of healthy controls, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Surface levels of activation markers CD11b/CD18 and CD63 were increased in PsA patients at 12-weeks compared to baseline, while surface levels of CD16 decreased. RNA-seq analysis indicated down-regulation of pathways mediated by IL-17A, oncostatin M, TWEAK (TNFSF12) and CCL2 during therapy, but up-regulated expression of pathways involvingde novoprotein biosynthesis.Conclusion:Therapy with secukimumab in PsA did not significantly affect neutrophil host defence functions. The changes that were seen in circulating neutrophils indicate selective up- and down-regulation of functions that may reflect potential alterations in local or systemic cytokines, and/or an increase in the circulating pool of activated neutrophils that are no longer recruited into sites of inflammation because of the down-regulation of the local IL-17/CXCL8 signalling network.Disclosure of Interests:Andrew Cross: None declared, Jennifer Hawkes: None declared, Helen Frankland: None declared, Ayren Mediana: None declared, Helen Wright Grant/research support from: Novartis supporting this study, Nicola Goodson Grant/research support from: Novartis supporting this research, Steven Edwards Grant/research support from: Novartis supporting this work, Robert Moots Grant/research support from: Novartis supporting this work, Consultant of: a variety of companies including Novartis, Speakers bureau: a variety of companies including Novartis
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Senthurnathan A, Gharleghi R, Wright H, Liu J, Prusty G, Ray T, Beier S. 596 Assessment of Longitudinal Integrity of Stents Optimized for Haemodynamic Performance. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ball E, Waters N, Cooper N, Talati C, Mallick R, Rabas S, Mukherjee A, Sri Ranjan Y, Thaha M, Doodia R, Keedwell R, Madhra M, Kuruba N, Malhas R, Gaughan E, Tompsett K, Gibson H, Wright H, Gnanachandran C, Hookaway T, Baker C, Murali K, Jurkovic D, Amso N, Clark J, Thangaratinam S, Chalhoub T, Kaloo P, Saridogan E. Evidence-Based Guideline on Laparoscopy in Pregnancy: Commissioned by the British Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (BSGE) Endorsed by the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (RCOG). Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2019; 11:5-25. [PMID: 31695854 PMCID: PMC6822954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopy is widely utilised to diagnose and treat acute and chronic, gynaecological and general surgical conditions. It has only been in recent years that laparoscopy has become an acceptable surgical alternative to open surgery in pregnancy. To date there is little clinical guidance pertaining to laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy. This is why the BSGE commissioned this guideline. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane library were searched up to February 2017 and evidence was collated and graded following the NICE-approved process. The conditions included in this guideline are laparoscopic management of acute appendicitis, acute gall bladder disease and symptomatic benign adnexal tumours in pregnancy. The intended audience for this guideline is obstetricians and gynaecologists in secondary and tertiary care, general surgeons and anaesthetists. However, only laparoscopists who have adequate laparoscopic skills and who perform complex laparoscopic surgery regularly should undertake laparoscopy in pregnant women, since much of the evidence stems from specialised centres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Waters
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | | | - R Mallick
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - S Rabas
- Queen’s Hospital London and King George Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N Kuruba
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
| | | | | | | | - H Gibson
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - H Wright
- North Manchester General Hospital
| | | | | | | | - K Murali
- Salisbury District and General Hospital
| | | | - N Amso
- Cardiff University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - P Kaloo
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
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11
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Marsden E, Nigh G, Birdsall S, Wright H, Traub M. Oncology Association of Naturopathic Physicians: Principles of Care Guidelines. Curr Oncol 2019; 26:12-18. [DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient use of integrative oncology (the inclusion of nonconventional treatments alongside the conventional standard of care) continues to grow, with some studies showing its use in cancer patients to be as high as 91%. Naturopathic physicians are primary care providers who use integrative therapies to deliver patient-centred care. The Oncology Association of Naturopathic Physicians (oncanp) was formed in 2004 as a specialty association for naturopathic physicians providing integrative cancer care (nd oncs). Currently, the membership encompasses more than 400 naturopathic physicians and students, 115 of whom are board-certified Fellows of the American Board of Naturopathic Oncology. In 2016, oncanp established a committee comprising recognized experts in the field of naturopathic oncology to develop a Principles of Care (poc) guideline. The committee first undertook a review of existing standard-of-care and best-practice guidelines in the field of oncology and then adapted those concepts into a draft document. The draft document was then reviewed by naturopathic physicians, medical and radiation oncologists, naturopathic policy experts, and finally the oncanp membership at large. The poc document presented here provides clear guidelines for nd oncs on how best to deliver patient-centred care in the areas of assessment, treatment planning, care management, interprofessional collaboration, and survivorship care. This naturopathic oncology poc document can be a valuable resource for nd oncs and other oncology care providers to further an understanding of the naturopathic and integrative oncology care model and its potential for collaboration.
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12
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Klimant E, Wright H, Rubin D, Seely D, Markman M. Intravenous vitamin C in the supportive care of cancer patients: a review and rational approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:139-148. [PMID: 29719430 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews intravenous vitamin C (IV C) in cancer care and offers a rational approach to enable medical oncologists and integrative practitioners to safely provide IV C combined with oral vitamin C to patients. The use of IV C is a safe supportive intervention to decrease inflammation in the patient and to improve symptoms related to antioxidant deficiency, disease processes, and side effects of standard cancer treatments. A proposed rationale, together with relevant clinical safety considerations for the application of IV C in oncologic supportive care, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Klimant
- Salish Cancer Center, Fife, WA, U.S.A
| | - H Wright
- Naturopathic Specialists, Scottsdale, AZ, U.S.A
| | - D Rubin
- Naturopathic Specialists, Scottsdale, AZ, U.S.A
| | - D Seely
- Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON
| | - M Markman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
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13
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Behboodi A, Wright H, Zahradka N, Lee SCK. Seven phases of gait detected in real-time using shank attached gyroscopes. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018; 2015:5529-32. [PMID: 26737544 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new gyroscope-based gait phase detection system (GPDS) with ability to detect all seven phases of gait was proposed in this study. Gyroscopes were attached to each shank. Shank angular velocity, about the medio-lateral axis, was streamed to a PC and a rule-based algorithm was used to identify characteristics of the signals. Five subjects were asked to walk on treadmill at their self-selected speed while using this system. All 7 phases of gait: LR, MSt, TSt, PSw, ISw, MSw, and TSw were detected in real-time using only shank angular velocities. To quantify system performance, sensor data was compared to simultaneously collected motion capture data. Average gait phase detection delays of the system were less than 40ms except TSw (74ms). The present system, consisting of minimal sensors and decreased processing, is precise, cosmetic, economical, and a good alternative for portable stand-alone applications.
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Cook S, Kokmotou K, Soto V, Wright H, Fallon N, Thomas A, Giesbrecht T, Field M, Stancak A. Simultaneous odour-face presentation strengthens hedonic evaluations and event-related potential responses influenced by unpleasant odour. Neurosci Lett 2018; 672:22-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
As part of a comparative study of the institutionalized elderly in London and New York, random samples of nurses’ aides, nursing assistants and care assistants were interviewed. It is shown that the two long-term care ‘systems’ employ very similar people to provide basic care services, but far more in-service training is provided for New York staff. A detailed analysis of tasks performed suggests that New York staff may be more likely than their London counterparts to carry out technical ‘nursing’ procedures and to be actively involved in physical rehabilitation. The preferences of staff in caring for more or less dependent people showed considerable cross-national agreement, almost half of the total respondents reporting that they preferred immobile patients. Some of the reasons they gave are presented and the implications of this finding discussed.
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Rutter AV, Crees J, Wright H, van Pittius DG, Yousef I, Sulé-Suso J. Fourier transform infrared spectra of cells on glass coverslips. A further step in spectral pathology. Analyst 2018; 143:5711-5717. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01634h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
FTIR spectra of cells on glass coverslips allows the study of the Amide I region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Rutter
- Keele University
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB
- UK
| | - J. Crees
- Histopathology Department
- Royal Stoke University Hospital
- University Hospitals of North Midlands (UHNM)
- Staffordshire ST4 6QG
- UK
| | - H. Wright
- Research and Development Department
- Royal Stoke University Hospital
- University Hospitals of North Midlands
- Staffordshire ST4 6QG
- UK
| | - D. G. van Pittius
- Histopathology Department
- Royal Stoke University Hospital
- University Hospitals of North Midlands (UHNM)
- Staffordshire ST4 6QG
- UK
| | | | - J. Sulé-Suso
- Keele University
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB
- UK
- Oncology Department
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17
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Campbell B, Chinai N, Hollering P, Wright H, McCarthy R. Factors influencing the choice of treatment modality for individual patients with varicose veins. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2017; 99:624-630. [PMID: 28682127 PMCID: PMC5696925 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is evidence of effectiveness for a range of different treatment modalities for varicose veins but limited information about factors that influence treatment choice for individual patients. METHODS A postal survey was sent to 438 UK members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland. RESULTS Overall, 251 responses were received (response rate 57%). A total of 222 respondents treated varicose veins using conventional surgery (84%), endothermal ablation (82%) and foam sclerotherapy (68%). The clinical pattern of veins appeared to have the greatest influence on treatment choice. This was followed by guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, patient expectations, facilities, cost and whether treatment was carried out in the public or private sector. Respondents were asked to indicate whether each of 13 clinical 'scenarios' (eg very extensive varicose veins in both legs) would influence them towards or against using specified treatment modalities. 'Consensus' was defined as ≥80% of responses either towards or against any treatment modality; and disagreement as 41-59% both towards and against any modality (i.e. ∼50:50 split). There was consensus towards using endothermal ablation for truncal reflux, towards UGFS for localised varicose veins and towards conventional surgery for large, extensive, bilateral veins. There was consensus against UGFS for large truncal veins, and against surgery for obese patients and those with a history of venous thromboembolism. There were important disagreements about the influence of large or extensive veins, about whether patients were obese or slim and about a prior history of venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS Conventional surgery is still widely available in the UK. Disagreements about treatment choice in different clinical scenarios suggest substantial variation in the treatments patients are offered. Attention to identifying subgroups in trials would help to guide treatment choice for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Campbell
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - N Chinai
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - P Hollering
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - H Wright
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
| | - R McCarthy
- South Devon and Exeter Vascular Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK
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18
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Kokmotou K, Cook S, Xie Y, Wright H, Soto V, Fallon N, Giesbrecht T, Pantelous A, Stancak A. Effects of loss aversion on neural responses to loss outcomes: An event-related potential study. Biol Psychol 2017; 126:30-40. [PMID: 28396213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss aversion is the tendency to prefer avoiding losses over acquiring gains of the same amount. To shed light on the spatio-temporal processes underlying loss aversion, we analysed the associations between individual loss aversion and electrophysiological responses to loss and gain outcomes in a monetary gamble task. Electroencephalographic feedback-related negativity (FRN) was computed in 29 healthy participants as the difference in electrical potentials between losses and gains. Loss aversion was evaluated using non-linear parametric fitting of choices in a separate gamble task. Loss aversion correlated positively with FRN amplitude (233-263ms) at electrodes covering the lower face. Feedback related potentials were modelled by five equivalent source dipoles. From these dipoles, stronger activity in a source located in the orbitofrontal cortex was associated with loss aversion. The results suggest that loss aversion implemented during risky decision making is related to a valuation process in the orbitofrontal cortex, which manifests during learning choice outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kokmotou
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephanie Cook
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yuxin Xie
- School of Securities and Futures, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China
| | - Hazel Wright
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vicente Soto
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas Fallon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Athanasios Pantelous
- Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrej Stancak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Institute for Risk and Uncertainty, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Wright H, Beard D, Ho C, Stutz L, Hovhannisyan M, Tak C. Diabetes in Post-Soviet Armenia: analysis of risk factors contributing to
type II diabetes. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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20
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Wright H, Li X, Fallon NB, Crookall R, Giesbrecht T, Thomas A, Halford JCG, Harrold J, Stancak A. Differential effects of hunger and satiety on insular cortex and hypothalamic functional connectivity. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1181-9. [PMID: 26790868 PMCID: PMC4982083 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The insula cortex and hypothalamus are implicated in eating behaviour, and contain receptor sites for peptides and hormones controlling energy balance. The insula encompasses multi‐functional subregions, which display differential anatomical and functional connectivities with the rest of the brain. This study aimed to analyse the effect of fasting and satiation on the functional connectivity profiles of left and right anterior, middle, and posterior insula, and left and right hypothalamus. It was hypothesized that the profiles would be altered alongside changes in homeostatic energy balance. Nineteen healthy participants underwent two 7‐min resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, one when fasted and one when satiated. Functional connectivity between the left posterior insula and cerebellum/superior frontal gyrus, and between left hypothalamus and inferior frontal gyrus was stronger during fasting. Functional connectivity between the right middle insula and default mode structures (left and right posterior parietal cortex, cingulate cortex), and between right hypothalamus and superior parietal cortex was stronger during satiation. Differences in blood glucose levels between the scans accounted for several of the altered functional connectivities. The insula and hypothalamus appear to form a homeostatic energy balance network related to cognitive control of eating; prompting eating and preventing overeating when energy is depleted, and ending feeding or transferring attention away from food upon satiation. This study provides evidence of a lateralized dissociation of neural responses to energy modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Wright
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Nicholas B Fallon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Rebecca Crookall
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | | | | | - Jason C G Halford
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Joanne Harrold
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Andrej Stancak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
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Wright H, Motazedi M, Nelson L, Aulmoli J, Flanagan L, Razorenova O. Abstract P4-08-07: CDCP1 cleavage is necessary for homodimerization-induced migration of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p4-08-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic form of breast cancer that lacks the estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors and is resistant to targeted and hormone therapies. TNBCs express high levels of the transmembrane glycoprotein, CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1), which has been correlated with the aggressiveness and poor prognosis of multiple carcinomas. Full-length CDCP1 (flCDCP1) can be proteolytically cleaved, resulting in a cleaved membrane-bound isoform (cCDCP1). CDCP1 is phosphorylated by Src family kinases in its full-length and cleaved states, which is important for its pro-metastatic signaling. We observed that cCDCP1, compared to flCDCP1, induced a dramatic increase in phosphorylation of the migration-associated proteins: PKCδ, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK in HEK 293T. In addition, only cCDCP1 induced migration of HEK 293T cells and rescued migration of the TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231, expressing shRNA against CDCP1. Importantly, we found that only cCDCP1 is capable of dimerization, which can be blocked by expression of the extracellular portion of cCDCP1 (ECC), indicating that dimerization occurs through CDCP1's ectodomain. Furthermore, we found that ECC inhibited phosphorylation of PKCδ by Src and migration of TNBC cells, indicating that the cCDCP1 dimer is an important contributor to TNBC aggressiveness. These studies have important implications for development of a therapeutic to block CDCP1 activity and TNBC metastasis.
Citation Format: Wright H, Motazedi M, Nelson L, Aulmoli J, Flanagan L, Razorenova O. CDCP1 cleavage is necessary for homodimerization-induced migration of triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wright
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - M Motazedi
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - L Nelson
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - J Aulmoli
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - L Flanagan
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
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Stancak A, Cook S, Wright H, Fallon N. Mapping multidimensional pain experience onto electrophysiological responses to noxious laser heat stimuli. Neuroimage 2016; 125:244-255. [PMID: 26477652 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the conscious experience of pain in the brain is a continuing enigma in neuroscience. To shed light on the brain representation of a multifaceted pain experience in humans, we combined multivariate analysis of subjective aspects of pain sensations with detailed, single-trial analysis of electrophysiological brain responses. Participants were asked to fully focus on any painful or non-painful sensations occurring in their left hand during an interval surrounding the onset of noxious laser heat stimuli, and to rate their sensations using a set of visual analogue scales. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compute a multivariate regression analysis of subjective responses and single-trial laser evoked potentials (LEPs) at subject and group levels. Standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography method was used to reconstruct sources of LEPs. Factor analysis of subjective responses yielded five factors. Factor 1, representing pain, mapped firstly as a negative potential at the vertex and a positive potential at the fronto-temporal region during the 208-260ms interval, and secondly as a strong negative potential in the right lateral frontal and prefrontal scalp regions during the 1292-1340ms interval. Three other factors, labelled "anticipated pain", "stimulus onset time", and "body sensations", represented non-specific aspects of the pain experience, and explained portions of LEPs in the latency range from 200ms to 700ms. The subjective space of pain during noxious laser stimulation is represented by one large factor featuring pain intensity, and by other factors accounting for non-specific parts of the sensory experience. Pain is encoded in two separate latency components with different scalp and brain representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Stancak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
| | - Stephanie Cook
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Hazel Wright
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Nicholas Fallon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
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O'Neill G, Masson S, Bewick L, Doyle J, McGovern R, Stoker E, Wright H, Newbury-Birch D. Can a theoretical framework help to embed alcohol screening and brief interventions in an endoscopy day-unit? Frontline Gastroenterol 2016; 7:47-53. [PMID: 26834957 PMCID: PMC4717435 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2014-100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The National Institute for Health Care and Excellence recommend that alcohol screening and brief intervention (ASBI) should be routinely implemented in secondary care. This study used theoretical frameworks to understand how health professionals can be supported to adapt their behaviour and clinical practice. DESIGN AND METHODS Staff training and support was conducted using theoretical frameworks. A 12-week study, delivering ASBI was carried out as part of routine practice in an endoscopy day-unit. Anonymised patient data were collected using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tool (AUDIT) and whether patients received a brief intervention. Staff completed the Shortened Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perceptions Questionnaire at three time points and took part in a focus group both pre and post study. RESULTS For staff, levels or role adequacy, role legitimacy, motivation to discuss alcohol, security in their role, job satisfaction and commitment to working with patients who drink increased during the time of the study. 1598 individual patients were seen in the department in the timeframe. Of these, 1180 patients were approached (74%); 18% (n=207) of patients were AUDIT positive. DISCUSSION This study has shown that it is possible to reach a high number of patients in a busy hospital out-patient department and deliver ASBI by working with staff using theoretical frameworks for training. Embedding evidence-based public health interventions into routine clinical environments is complex. The social system in which professionals operate requires consideration alongside individual professionals' real and perceived barriers and facilitators to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O'Neill
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Masson
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - L Bewick
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Doyle
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - R McGovern
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - E Stoker
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - H Wright
- The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Newbury-Birch
- School of Health & Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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Cook S, Fallon N, Wright H, Thomas A, Giesbrecht T, Field M, Stancak A. Pleasant and Unpleasant Odors Influence Hedonic Evaluations of Human Faces: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:661. [PMID: 26733843 PMCID: PMC4681274 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Odors can alter hedonic evaluations of human faces, but the neural mechanisms of such effects are poorly understood. The present study aimed to analyze the neural underpinning of odor-induced changes in evaluations of human faces in an odor-priming paradigm, using event-related potentials (ERPs). Healthy, young participants (N = 20) rated neutral faces presented after a 3 s pulse of a pleasant odor (jasmine), unpleasant odor (methylmercaptan), or no-odor control (clean air). Neutral faces presented in the pleasant odor condition were rated more pleasant than the same faces presented in the no-odor control condition, which in turn were rated more pleasant than faces in the unpleasant odor condition. Analysis of face-related potentials revealed four clusters of electrodes significantly affected by odor condition at specific time points during long-latency epochs (600-950 ms). In the 620-640 ms interval, two scalp-time clusters showed greater negative potential in the right parietal electrodes in response to faces in the pleasant odor condition, compared to those in the no-odor and unpleasant odor conditions. At 926 ms, face-related potentials showed greater positivity in response to faces in the pleasant and unpleasant odor conditions at the left and right lateral frontal-temporal electrodes, respectively. Our data shows that odor-induced shifts in evaluations of faces were associated with amplitude changes in the late (>600) and ultra-late (>900 ms) latency epochs. The observed amplitude changes during the ultra-late epoch are consistent with a left/right hemisphere bias towards pleasant/unpleasant odor effects. Odors alter evaluations of human faces, even when there is a temporal lag between presentation of odors and faces. Our results provide an initial understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying effects of odors on hedonic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cook
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas Fallon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Hazel Wright
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Anna Thomas
- Department of Research and Development, UnileverPort Sunlight, UK
| | - Timo Giesbrecht
- Department of Research and Development, UnileverVlaardingen, Netherlands
| | - Matt Field
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Andrej Stancak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Wright
- Anglia Ruskin University, Faculty of Education, Cambridge Campus, East Road, Cambridge CB1 1PT, Tel:
| | - Paul Ashwin
- Department of Educational Research, County South, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YD, Tel:
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Stancak A, Cook S, Wright H, Fallon N. Data to support observation of late and ultra-late latency components of cortical laser evoked potentials. Data Brief 2015; 5:1031-4. [PMID: 26793747 PMCID: PMC4689109 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Data are provided to document the presence of late and ultra-late latency components of cortical laser evoked potentials (LEPs) following noxious laser stimulus in Stancak et al. (2015) [3]. The latency components, labeled provisionally as N4, N5, and N6, were observed in 16 healthy human participants who were asked to fully attend their painful and non-painful sensations occurring in association with noxious laser stimulus. Individual laser evoked potential waveforms are provided in support of this observation. Data provided demonstrate the cortical sources of the late and ultra-late laser evoked potentials. The cortical sources of LEPs were reconstructed using the standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) method.
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Hall T, Steiner R, Wright H, Wilmot B, Roullet J, Peters M, Harris M. B-43Lipid and Sterol Gene Sequence Variation in Autism and Correlates with Neurodevelopmental Status: A Pilot Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv047.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wright H, Li X, Fallon NB, Giesbrecht T, Thomas A, Harrold JA, Halford JCG, Stancak A. Heightened eating drive and visual food stimuli attenuate central nociceptive processing. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:1323-33. [PMID: 25475348 PMCID: PMC4346715 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00504.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hunger and pain are basic drives that compete for a behavioral response when experienced together. To investigate the cortical processes underlying hunger-pain interactions, we manipulated participants' hunger and presented photographs of appetizing food or inedible objects in combination with painful laser stimuli. Fourteen healthy participants completed two EEG sessions: one after an overnight fast, the other following a large breakfast. Spatio-temporal patterns of cortical activation underlying the hunger-pain competition were explored with 128-channel EEG recordings and source dipole analysis of laser-evoked potentials (LEPs). We found that initial pain ratings were temporarily reduced when participants were hungry compared with fed. Source activity in parahippocampal gyrus was weaker when participants were hungry, and activations of operculo-insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and cerebellum were smaller in the context of appetitive food photographs than in that of inedible object photographs. Cortical processing of noxious stimuli in pain-related brain structures is reduced and pain temporarily attenuated when people are hungry or passively viewing food photographs, suggesting a possible interaction between the opposing motivational forces of the eating drive and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Wright
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nicholas B Fallon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Joanne A Harrold
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jason C G Halford
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
| | - Andrej Stancak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; and
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Jones AP, Barnard AR, Allison K, Wright H. Review of emergency department wound management in soft tissue trauma - is there a plan? J Wound Care 2014; 21:431-4, 436, 438. [PMID: 22990395 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2012.21.9.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess current acute wound management in English emergency departments. METHOD All English emergency departments including minor injury units (n=207) were successfully contacted and a telephone questionnaire was completed. This considered wound treatment policy; management including cleansing, analgesia, dressing selection, suturing, referral patterns, medical photography and antibiotic use. RESULTS There was a 100% response. Only 40% of departments had a wound treatment policy. Most had implemented staff training, however the nature and timing of this was variable. Wound cleansing was performed by all departments. Most administered analgesia. Suturing was selectively performed by all departments. There was great diversity regarding dressing selection. The most common reasons for referral to specialist units were the complexity of injury and cosmetically sensitive areas. Photographs were regularly taken in one third of units questioned. CONCLUSION This study confirmed an absence of a standard protocol for early soft tissue wound management in the emergency department setting. Key areas that could be improved are dressing simplification, more defined referral criteria and introduction of standardised protocols with structured teaching programmes. We propose a simple approach to management of acute soft tissue wounds that can be applied to most situations. DECLARATION OF INTEREST There were no external sources of funding for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Paton N, Griffith J, Davies R, Wright H. Bovine viral diarrhoea initiative in Wales. Vet Rec 2013; 173:275. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.f5712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Paton
- Welsh Regional Veterinary Centre; Gelli Aur College Farm, Gelli Aur Golden Grove Carmarthenshire SA32 8NJ
| | - John Griffith
- Welsh Regional Veterinary Centre; Gelli Aur College Farm, Gelli Aur Golden Grove Carmarthenshire SA32 8NJ
| | | | - Hazel Wright
- Farmers' Union of Wales; Llys Amaeth, Plas Gogerddan Aberystwyth Ceredigion SY23 3BT
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Smith LJ, Vergnaud S, Wright H, Bates C. P233 Death and the Respiratory Physician: Challenges to Providing Optimal End-Of-Life Care by Generalists. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Vizcarra J, Wright H, Vizcarra A. The effect of passive immunization against ghrelin on feed and water intake in turkeys. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2305-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
We describe the findings of symptomatic cholelithiasis in the double gallbladder of a 75-year-old woman, which was successfully removed laparoscopically. This report highlights the importance of this condition and the effectiveness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in defining abnormal gallbladder anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L C Smelt
- Department of General Surgery, St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, UK.
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Dombrowe I, Donk M, Wright H, Olivers CN, Humphreys G. The time course of saccadic visual selection in patients with parietal damage. J Vis 2011. [DOI: 10.1167/11.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wright H, Bruni C, Quinn S. Using a holistic assessment tool in a multi-professional motor neuron disease clinic. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2011-000105.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jones A, Allison K, Wright H, Porter K. 020 Pre-hospital dressings use in soft tissue trauma--is there any conformity or plan. Arch Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2010.108605.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jones AP, Allison K, Wright H, Porter K. Use of prehospital dressings in soft tissue trauma: is there any conformity or plan? Emerg Med J 2009; 26:532-4. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2008.058255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
The class II genes of the sheep major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been cloned from two unrelated heterozygous sheep into cosmid vectors. By restriction mapping and hybridization with a number of class II probes of human and mouse origin, the cloned genetic material has been assigned to seven distinct alpha genes, 10 distinct beta genes and 14 beta-related sequences. It was difficult to identify homologues of specific HLA class II genes because of a tendency for the ovine genes to cross-hybridize between HLA probes representing different loci. Such cross-hybridization was especially marked among the beta genes. While DQ and DR homologues have been tentatively identified by several criteria, no genes corresponding to DP have been identified. Cosmids containing class II alpha and beta genes have been transfected into mouse LTK- cells, and surface expression of a sheep class II molecule has been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Deverson
- Department of Immunology, AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
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Ballingall KT, Wright H, Redmond J, Dutia BM, Hopkins J, Lang J, Deverson EV, Howard JC, Puri N, Haig D. Expression and characterization of ovine major histocompatibility complex class II (OLA-DR) genes. Anim Genet 2009; 23:347-59. [PMID: 1503274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1992.tb00157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous work made use of nucleic acid probes corresponding to different subtypes of the class II regions of the human and murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to isolate seven different alpha and 24 different beta genes of the ovine MHC from two cosmid libraries. In an attempt to identify pairs of alpha and beta genes capable of cell surface expression, all permutations of alpha and beta genes were in turn transfected into mouse L-cells. Two pairs of alpha and beta genes co-expressed and stable ovine MHC class II L-cell lines were developed. The expressed alpha genes had previously been defined as DR-alpha homologues (DRA) by differential Southern hybridization to human subtype specific class II probes. The expressed ovine beta genes were also assigned as ovine DR-beta homologues (DRB) on the basis of their sequence having a higher degree of similarity with human DRB than any other subtype. A total of eight out of 23 anti-sheep class II specific monoclonal antibodies were typed OLA-DR specific by FACScan analysis using the L-cell lines.
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Sebastian A, Kohli V, Huang Y, Li SF, Yong Y, Jabbour N, Sigle G, Gurakar A, Wright H. NOVEL CLINICAL MONITORING OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY (CMI) USING IMMUNKNOW(r) IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS PROVIDES OPTIMAL IMMUNE SUPPRESSION AND IMPROVED OUTCOMES. Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000332055.98495.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wright H, Wootton R, Arnott S, Barber I. Growth and energetics in the stickleback–Schistocephalus host–parasite system: a review of experimental infection studies. BEHAVIOUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1163/156853908792451403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Torrens L, Burns E, Stone J, Graham C, Wright H, Summers D, Sellar R, Porteous M, Warner J, Zeman A. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 in Scotland: frequency, neurological, neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric findings. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 117:41-8. [PMID: 18095954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to: (i) establish whether the spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA 8) expansion is associated with ataxia in Scotland; (ii) test the hypothesis that SCA 8 is associated with neuropsychological impairment; and (iii) review neuroradiological findings in SCA 8. METHODS The methods included: (i) measurement of SCA 8 expansion frequencies in ataxic patients and healthy controls; (ii) comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of patients with SCA 8 and matched controls, neuropsychiatric interview; and (iii) comparison of patient and matched control magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. RESULTS (i) 10/694 (1.4%) unrelated individuals with ataxia had combined CTA/CTG repeat expansions >100 compared to 1/1190 (0.08%) healthy controls (P < 0.0005); (ii) neuropsychological assessment revealed a dysexecutive syndrome among SCA 8 patients, not readily explained by motor or mood disturbance; neuropsychiatric symptoms occurred commonly; (iii) cerebellar atrophy was the only salient MRI abnormality in the patient group. CONCLUSIONS The SCA 8 expansion is associated with ataxia in Scotland. The disorder is associated with a dysexecutive syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Torrens
- The Robert Fergusson Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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van Oosterhout C, Potter R, Wright H, Cable J. Gyro-scope: an individual-based computer model to forecast gyrodactylid infections on fish hosts. Int J Parasitol 2007; 38:541-8. [PMID: 18022176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individual-based computer models (IBM) feature prominently in current theoretical ecology but have only been applied in a small number of parasitological studies. Here we designed an IBM to simulate the infection dynamics of gyrodactylid parasites and immune defence of naïve hosts (i.e. fish previously not exposed to these parasites). We compared the results of the model with empirical data from guppies (Poecilia reticulata) infected with Gyrodactylus parasites. The laboratory experiments on guppies showed that larger fish acquired a heavier parasite load at the peak of the infection. The survival probability declined with increased body size and no fish survived a parasite load of 80 or more worms in this experiment (i.e. lethal load). The model was a good predictor of the Gyrodactylus infection dynamics of guppies and the model output was congruent with previously published data on Gyrodactylus salaris infections of salmon (Salmo salar). Computer simulations indicated that the infections persisted longer on larger hosts and that the parasite load increased exponentially with the body size of the host. Simulations furthermore predicted that the parasite load of fish with a standard length in excess of 17mm (i.e. the size of adult guppies) reached a lethal load. This suggests that in the conditions of the experiment, the immune defence of naïve guppies can offer moderate protection against gyrodactylid infections to juveniles, but not to naïve adult guppies. The model is a useful tool to forecast the development of gyrodactylid infections on single hosts and make predictions about optimal life history strategies of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- C van Oosterhout
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
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Wright H, Noda-García L, Ochoa-Leyva A, Hodgson DA, Barona-Gómez F, Fülöp V. Structural studies of the dual-substrate TIM-barrel phosphoribosyl isomerase A. Acta Crystallogr A 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767307097231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Reid G, Kneafsey R, Long A, Hulme C, Wright H. Change and transformation: the impact of an action-research evaluation on the development of a new service. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1473-6861.2007.00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jarius
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Rizvi S, Camci C, Yong Y, Parker G, Shrago S, Stokes K, Wright H, Sebastian A, Gurakar A. Is post-Lipiodol CT better than i.v. contrast CT scan for early detection of HCC? A single liver transplant center experience. Transplant Proc 2007; 38:2993-5. [PMID: 17112883 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly vascular neoplasm usually arising from a cirrhotic liver. Delayed, noncontrast, computed tomography (CT) imaging after 7 to 14 days reveals an oil-based contrast agent to be concentrated in the tumor but not in normal hepatic parenchyma. The aim of this study was to retrospectively correlate the post Lipiodol CT scan findings with respect to tumor size in the explanted liver. We retrospectively reviewed adult patients who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation between November 1995 and December 2004 and also had an hepatic arteriogram with Lipiodol injection as part of their pretransplant workup. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, false-negativity, false-positivity, and accuracy of the test, as well as positive and negative predictive values. Lipiodol CT exam had sensitivity of 1.0; specificity of 0.6 with a calculated positive predictive value of 0.89 and a negative predictive value of 1.0. Overall accuracy of Lipiodol CT scan test was found to be 0.91, which was superior to an intravenous contrast CT alone. In conclusion, because of the higher sensitivity and accuracy values, hepatic arterial Lipiodol injection can be considered during the pretransplantation workup of high-risk cirrhotic patients, since the current model for End-stage Liver Disease scoring system for hepatocellular carcinoma is built on the ultimate bulk of the tumor. Further multicenter, controlled, large-volume prospective studies are warranted to verify this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rizvi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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