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Son HJ, Kim N, Song CH, Lee SM, Lee HN, Surh YJ. 17β-Estradiol reduces inflammation and modulates antioxidant enzymes in colonic epithelial cells. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:310-319. [PMID: 30336658 PMCID: PMC7061017 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2018.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Estrogen is known to have protective effect in colorectal cancer development. The aims of this study are to investigate whether estradiol treatment reduces inflammation in CCD841CoN, a female human colonic epithelial cell line and to uncover underlying mechanisms of estradiol effects. METHODS 17β-Estradiol (E2) effect was measured by Western blot after inducing inf lammation of CCD841CoN by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Expression levels of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) were also evaluated. RESULTS E2 treatment induced expression of ERβ but did not increase that of ERα. E2 treatment for 48 hours significantly elevated the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes, HO-1 and NQO-1. TNF-α treatment significantly increased the level of activated NF-κB (p < 0.05), and this increase was significantly suppressed by treatment of 10 nM of E2 (p < 0.05). E2 treatment ameliorated TNF-α-induced COX-2 expression and decrease of HO-1 expression. 4-(2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl) pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)phenol (PHTPP), antagonist of ERβ, removed the inhibitory effect of E2 in the TNF-α-induced COX-2 expression (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Estrogen seems to inhibit inflammation in female human colonic epithelial cell lines, through down-regulation of NF-κB and COX-2 expression and induction of anti-oxidant enzymes such as HO-1 and NQO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Son
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Nayoung Kim, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7008 Fax: + 82-31-787-4051 E-mail:
| | - Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
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Son HJ, Kim N, Song CH, Nam RH, Choi SI, Kim JS, Lee DH. Sex-related Alterations of Gut Microbiota in the C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:173-182. [PMID: 31624723 PMCID: PMC6786806 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is closely associated with development and exacerbation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of this study was to investigate differences in gut microbiota depending on sex and changes of gut microbiota during IBD developments. Methods 16s rRNA metagenomic sequencing was performed for fecal materials from 8-week-old wild type (WT) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice of both sexes. Diversity indices, relative abundance of microbiota, and linear discriminant analysis effect size were examined to compare microbial communities between groups. Clustering of groups was performed by principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). Functional capabilities of microbiota were estimated using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Results PCoA and UPGMA tree analysis of beta-diversity demonstrated significant differences in gut microbiota between male and female groups of WT mice, but not of IL-10 KO mice. Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio was higher in male group than that in female group in both WT mice and IL-10 KO mice. Phylum Proteobacteria significantly increased in female IL-10 KO mice than that in female WT mice. At species level, Lactobacillus murinus, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Helicobacter hepaticus significantly increased in IL-10 KO mice than in WT mice. The relative abundance of beta-glucuronidase (K01195) was higher in female IL-10 KO mice than that in female WT mice by PICRUSt. Conclusions Our results suggest that microbiota-host interactions might differ between sexes during development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Lee M, Son HJ, Kim NY, Kim SJ, Yu IK. Nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma with sarcomatoid features: Pitfalls in the immunohistochemistry. Malays J Pathol 2019; 41:201-206. [PMID: 31427557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of an undifferentiated subtype of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NK-SCC) with sarcomatoid features in the nasopharynx in a 69-year-old man who was difficult to diagnose due to spindle-shaped malignant cells. He was admitted because of a right nasal obstruction and right headache, and imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhanced irregularly shaped mass at the nasopharynx. Histopathologically, the tumour was partially organised, and the tumour cells were epithelioid or spindle-shaped. Initially, we erroneously diagnosed the tumour as an angiosarcoma owing to its false-negative immunoreaction for cytokeratins and a mistaken interpretation for CD31. After in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus was positive, a consultation and additional immunostaining (including re-staining for cytokeratin with varying dilutions) were performed, and the diagnosis was revised to NK-SCC with sarcomatoid features. We believe that sarcomatoid features may be observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and in this case, immunostaining using various epithelial markers is necessary and careful attention should be paid to the interpretation of immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lee
- Eulji University School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Son HJ, Sohn SH, Kim N, Lee HN, Lee SM, Nam RH, Park JH, Song CH, Shin E, Na HY, Kim JS, Lee DH, Surh YJ. Effect of Estradiol in an Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer: Implication for Sex Difference in Colorectal Cancer Development. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:632-648. [PMID: 30064198 PMCID: PMC6473282 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study demonstrates that estradiol downregulates inflammation and inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) development in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) mouse model. Materials and Methods AOM/DSS-treated male and female mice were sacrificed at weeks 2, 10, and 16, to assess estrogen effects on colitis and carcinogenesis. Macroscopic and histologic severity of colitis and Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were evaluated, to measure inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Results Compared with AOM/DSS-treated male mice (M-AOM/DSS group), AOM/DSS-treated male mice with estradiol administration (M-AOM/DSS+estr group) displayed at week 2 significantly decreased severity of colitis. At weeks 10 and 16, AOM/DSS-treated female mice (F-AOM/DSS group) and the M-AOM/DSS+estr group showed significantly lower tumor multiplicity compared with the M-AOM/DSS group. At week 2, F-AOM/DSS group had a lower level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression and higher level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, compared to the M-AOM/DSS group. At week 2, expression levels of NF-κB and its related mediators decreased in the M-AOM/DSS+estr group, while levels of Nrf2 and Nrf2-related anti-oxidant enzymes increased. In addition, estradiol significantly increased Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expressions in AOM/DSS-treated male mice. In contrast, at weeks 10 and 16, Nrf2 and its-related anti-oxidant enzymes and NLRP3 inflammasome were highly expressed in M-AOM/DSS group and in F-AOM/DSS group, who developed cancer. Conclusion The data suggest that estradiol inhibits the initiation of CRC by regulating Nrf2-related pathways. Moreover, these imply the dual role of Nrf2 and NLRP3 inflammasome, including promotion of tumor progression upon tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Son
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Young Na
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
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Son HJ, Lee H, Kim JH, Yu IK, Han HY. Unrecognised IgG4 association in progressively transformed germinal centers of lymph nodes with subsequent full-blown IgG4-related chronic fibrosing pancreatitis: A case report. Malays J Pathol 2018; 40:73-78. [PMID: 29704388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Progressively transformed germinal centers (PTGC) is a benign process characterised by a morphological variant of reactive follicular hyperplasia in lymph nodes. It was recently shown that some cases of PTGC are associated with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) or increased IgG4 plasma cells. Five years ago, a 57-year-old woman presented with enlargement of multiple lymph nodes in the left parotid, submandibular, and neck areas, pathologically diagnosed as PTGC after excisional biopsy. Since then, she has experienced numbness in her extremities, especially the left shoulder and arm, pruritus on the left side of the face and intermittent facial palsy, for which she has been receiving regular symptomatic treatment. Recently the patient developed diabetes mellitus (approximately seven months ago). In routine follow-up scans, a mass was detected in left kidney and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen prior to surgery revealed a slightly enhanced bulky mass replacing the pancreatic tail and uncinate process. The mass in left kidney was diagnosed as clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and the pathological features of the pancreatic lesion were those of IgG4-related chronic fibrosing pancreatitis. Retrograde examination of the neck lymph node diagnosed as PTGC showed increased deposition of IgG4-positive plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Eulji University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Kim Y, Kim JT, Park J, Son HJ, Kim EY, Lee YJ, Rhyu MR. 4,5-Di-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid from Ligularia fischeri Suppresses Inflammatory Responses Through TRPV1 Activation. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1564-1570. [PMID: 28782267 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz., a perennial plant native to northeastern Asia, has long been used as folk remedies for the alleviation of inflammatory symptoms. We investigated whether the extract of L. fischeri (LFEx) and caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives, the pharmacologically active ingredients identified from L. fischeri, regulate inflammation via a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-mediated pathway. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels to the LFEx and trans-5-O-CQA, 3,4-di-O-CQA, 3,5-di-O-CQA, and 4,5-di-O-CQA were monitored in TRPV1-expressing human embryonic kidney cell HEK 293T. LFEx and 4,5-di-O-CQA (EC50 = 69.34 ± 1.12 μM) activated TRPV1, and these activations were significantly inhibited by ruthenium red, a general blocker of TRP channels, and capsazepine, a specific antagonist of TRPV1. 4,5-Di-O-CQA has been determined having antiinflammatory effect under hypoxic conditions by detecting the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a representative inflammatory marker, and cellular migration in human pulmonary epithelial A549 cells. 4,5-Di-O-CQA suppressed COX-2 expression and cell migration, and this inhibition was countered by co-treatment with capsazepine. This study provides evidence that L. fischeri is selective to inflammatory responses via a TRPV1-mediated pathway, and 4,5-di-O-CQA might play a key role to create these effects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 13539, Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 13539, Korea
| | - Joonwoo Park
- College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Son
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 13539, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 13539, Korea
| | - Young Joo Lee
- College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Mee-Ra Rhyu
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 13539, Korea
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7
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Kim Y, Kim EY, Son HJ, Lee JJ, Choi YH, Rhyu MR. Identification of a key umami-active fraction in modernized Korean soy sauce and the impact thereof on bitter-masking. Food Chem 2017; 233:256-262. [PMID: 28530573 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Food protein hydrolysates created by natural fermentation have been used for centuries as food flavorings. The aim of this study was to define the key umami-active fraction of modernized Korean soy sauce (mJGN) and the impact thereof on bitter-masking of human sensory and bitter-taste receptor-expressing cells. We found strong correlations between taste profiles of mJGN and a contained fraction (F05). The latter contained compounds of less than 500Da, and elicits a distinct umami taste. Both free amino acids and Glu-enriched oligopeptides are suggested to be crucial in terms of the effects of F05 on taste. F05 not only reduced human-perceived bitterness, but also effectively suppressed the intracellular Ca2+ response induced by caffeine in the hTAS2R43 and hTAS2R46 human bitter-taste receptor-expressing cells. This suggests that F05, a key umami-active fraction of mJGN, contains components that at least partially modulate human bitter-taste receptor action, improving food flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Son
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Jung Lee
- Sempio Fermentation Research Center 1, Sempio Foods Company, Osongup, Cheongwongun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28156, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Choi
- Sempio Fermentation Research Center 1, Sempio Foods Company, Osongup, Cheongwongun, Chungcheongbuk-do 28156, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Ra Rhyu
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13539, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn JS, Sinn DH, Son HJ, Gwak GY. Letter: Helicobacter pylori-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with concomitant metabolic syndrome as risk factor for colorectal neoplasia - authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:577-578. [PMID: 28074505 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J S Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Son
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - G-Y Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ahn JS, Sinn DH, Min YW, Hong SN, Kim HS, Jung SH, Gu S, Rhee PL, Paik SW, Son HJ, Gwak GY. Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and risk of colorectal neoplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:345-353. [PMID: 27859470 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with colorectal neoplasia. Yet, NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis. AIM To investigate the risk of colorectal neoplasia according to the presence and severity of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 26 540 asymptomatic adults who underwent same day first-time colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography as a health check-up programme were analysed. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Advanced colorectal neoplasia was defined as an invasive cancer or adenoma that was at least 10 mm in diameter, had high-grade dysplasia, or had villous histological characteristics or any combination thereof. RESULTS NAFLD patients had a higher prevalence of any colorectal neoplasia (38.0% vs. 28.9%) and advanced colorectal neoplasia (2.8% vs. 1.9%) compared to those without NAFLD. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, first-degree family history of colorectal cancer, aspirin use and metabolic factors, the odd ratios comparing patients with NAFLD to those without were 1.10 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.17] for any colorectal neoplasia and 1.21 (95% CI: 0.99-1.47) for advanced colorectal neoplasia. When NAFLD patients were further stratified according to the non-invasive parameters of liver disease severity, the risk of any colorectal neoplasia or advanced colorectal neoplasia was higher for those with severe liver diseases than those with mild liver diseases. CONCLUSIONS The presence and severity of NAFLD were closely associated with any colorectal neoplasia and advanced colorectal neoplasia, suggesting that clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D H Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y W Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S N Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Samsung Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Jung
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Center, Samsung Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Gu
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - P-L Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S W Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Son
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - G-Y Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SM, Kim N, Son HJ, Park JH, Nam RH, Ham MH, Choi D, Sohn SH, Shin E, Hwang YJ, Sung J, Lee DH, Lee HN. The Effect of Sex on the Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-treated Mice Model of Colon Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2016; 21:271-278. [PMID: 28053962 PMCID: PMC5207612 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2016.21.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The colitis-associated cancer exhibits different characteristics according to sex in the initiation and progression of the tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-associated difference in the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-associated cancer model. Methods The AOM/DSS ICR mouse model was established to compare male with female, and then the severity of colitis-associated carcinogenesis was examined macroscopically and histologically regarding the number, size, and location of tumors. Subsequently, levels of colonic mucosal cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were assessed. Results At the 16th week, the tumor multiplicity and the pro-inflammatory factors differed according to sex. The total tumor number was significantly higher in male (P = 0.020) and the number of large tumors (diameter > 2 mm) was higher in male (P = 0.026). In male, the tumors located more in distal colon (P = 0.001). MPO was significantly higher in AOM/DSS-treated male mice compared to the control group (P = 0.003), whereas the corresponding female group showed no significant change (P = 0.086). Colonic IL-1β level significantly increased in AOM/DSS groups compared to control groups both in male and female (male, P = 0.014; female, P = 0.005). It was higher in male group; however, there was no statistical significance (P = 0.226). Conclusions In AOM/DSS murine model, colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis are induced more severely in male mice than female probably by way of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and MPO. The sex-related differences at the animal model of colon cancer suggest the importance of approach to disease with sex-specific medicine in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Son
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Hee Ham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Daeun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jihee Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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11
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Son HJ, Lee YH, Chae JH, Kim CK. Creatine kinase isoenzyme activity during and after an ultra-distance (200 km) run. Biol Sport 2015; 32:357-361. [PMID: 28479667 PMCID: PMC5394848 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1163384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that creatine kinase (CK) activity in plasma is related to the state of an inflammatory response at 24-48 h, and also it has shown biphasic patterns after a marathon run. No information is available on CK isoenzymes after an ultra-marathon run. The purpose of the present study is to examine the CK isoenzymes after a 200 km ultra-marathon run and during the subsequent recovery. Blood samples were obtained during registration 1 2 h before the 200-km race and during the race at 100 km, 150 km and at the end of 200 km, as well as after a 24 h period of recovery. Thirty-two male ultra-distance runners participated in the study. Serum CPK showed a marked increase throughout the race and 24 h recovery period (p < 0.001). Serum CK during the race occurs mostly in the CK-MM isoform and only minutely in the CK-MB isoform and is unchanged in the CK-BB isoform. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oestradiol, AST and ALT increased significantly from the pre-race value at 100 km and a further increase took place by the end of the 200 km run. The results of our study demonstrate a different release pattern of creatine kinase after an ultra-distance (200 km) run compared to the studies of marathon running and intense eccentric exercise, and changes in several biomarkers, indicative of muscle damage during the race, were much more pronounced during the latter half (100–200 km) of the race. However, the increases in plasma concentration of muscle enzymes may reflect not only structural damage, but also their rate of clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Human Physiology, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Human Physiology, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Chae
- Human Physiology, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C K Kim
- Human Physiology, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
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Han SB, Gwak MS, Choi SJ, Ko JS, Kim GS, Son HJ, Shin JC. Risk factors for inadvertent hypothermia during adult living-donor liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:705-8. [PMID: 24767329 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermia (core temperature <35°C) causes multiple physiologic disturbances, including coagulopathy and cardiac dysfunction. Patients undergoing liver transplantation are at risk of inadvertent hypothermia and might be more vulnerable to its adverse effects. We sought to identify the factors contributing to hypothermia during living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT), which have not yet been studied in depth. METHODS Medical records of 134 recipients who underwent adult-to-adult LDLT were reviewed. Core temperature at the following time points were taken: anesthetic induction, skin incision, start and end of the anhepatic phase, and hourly after hepatic reperfusion. RESULTS Of 134 recipients, 29 (21.6%) developed hypothermia during surgery. Four independent risk factors for hypothermia were identified: small body weight-to-body surface area ratio, acute hepatic failure, high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and low graft-to-recipient weight ratio. The amount of core temperature drop was positively correlated with the number of involved risk factors. Each risk factor had a respective contribution according to the operative phases: body weight-to-body surface area ratio and the MELD score for the preanhepatic phase, acute deterioration of hepatic failure for the anhepatic phase, and graft-to-recipient weight ratio was for the postreperfusion phase. CONCLUSIONS Hypothermia was independently associated with the recipient's morphometric characteristics, emergency of end-stage liver disease, MELD score, and graft volume. These factors showed a cumulative effect, and the role of each factor was different according to the operative phase. These results should aid in the development of an optimal thermal strategy during LDLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - S J Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G S Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Son
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - J C Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim MJ, Son HJ, Kim Y, Misaka T, Rhyu MR. Umami–bitter interactions: The suppression of bitterness by umami peptides via human bitter taste receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:586-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee JH, Oh SH, Lee YM, Kim YS, Son HJ, Jeong DJ, Whitley NC, Kim JJ. Study on Growth Curves of Longissimus dorsi Muscle Area, Backfat Thickness and Body Conformation for Hanwoo (Korean Native) Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1250-3. [PMID: 25178367 PMCID: PMC4150190 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the parameters of Gompertz growth curves with the measurements of body conformation, real-time ultrasound longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA) and backfat thickness (BFT) in Hanwoo cows. The Hanwoo cows (n = 3,373) were born in 97 Hanwoo commercial farms in the 17 cities or counties of Gyeongbuk province, Korea, between 2000 and 2007. A total of 5,504 ultrasound measurements were collected for the cows at the age of 13 to 165 months in 2007 and 2008. Wither height (HW), rump height (HR), the horizontal distance between the top of the hips (WH), and girth of chest (GC) were also measured. Analysis of variance was conducted to investigate variables affecting LMA and BFT. The effect of farm nested in location was included in the statistical model, as well as the effects of HW, HR, WH, and GC as covariates. All of the effects were significant in the analysis of variance for LMA and BFT (p<0.01), except for the HR effect for LMA. The two ultrasound measures and the four body conformation traits were fitted to a Gompertz growth curve function to estimate parameters. Upper asymptotic weights were estimated as 54.0 cm2, 7.67 mm, 125.6 cm, 126.4 cm, 29.3 cm, and 184.1 cm, for LMA, BFT, HW, HR, WH, and GC, respectively. Results of ultrasound measurements showed that Hanwoo cows had smaller LMA and greater BFT than other western cattle breeds, suggesting that care must be taken to select for thick BFT rather than an increase of only beef yield. More ultrasound records per cow are needed to get accurate estimates of growth curve, which, thus, helps producers select animals with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - S-H Oh
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Y M Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
| | - H J Son
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
| | - D J Jeong
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 750-871, Korea
| | - N C Whitley
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - J J Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
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Lee JH, Lee YM, Oh SH, Son HJ, Jeong DJ, Whitley N, Kim JJ. Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Real-time Ultrasound Measurements for Hanwoo Cows at Different Ages and Pregnancy Status. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:155-60. [PMID: 25049938 PMCID: PMC4093205 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of ultrasound measurements for longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BFT), and marbling score (MS) in Hanwoo cows (N = 3,062) at the ages between 18 and 42 months. Data were collected from 100 Hanwoo breeding farms in Gyeongbuk province, Korea, in 2007 and 2008. The cows were classified into four different age groups, i.e. 18 to 22 months (the first pregnancy period), 23 to 27 (the first parturition), 28 to 32 (the second pregnancy), and 33 to 42 (the second parturition), respectively. For each age group, a multi-trait animal model was used to estimate variance components and heritabilities of the three traits. The averages of LMA, BFT, and MS measurements across the cows of all age groups were 50.1 cm2, 4.62 mm, and 3.04, respectively and heritability estimates were 0.09, 0.10, and 0.08 for the respective traits. However, when the data were analyzed in different age groups, heritability estimates of LMA and BFT were 0.24 and 0.47, respectively, for the cows of 18 to 22 months of age, and 0.21 for MS in the 28 to 32 months old cows. When the cows of all age groups were used, the estimates of genetic (phenotypic) correlations were 0.43 (0.35), −0.06 (0.34) and 0.21 (0.32) between LMA and BFT, LMA and MS, and BFT and MS, respectively. However, in the cow age group between 28 and 32 (18 and 22) months, the estimates of genetic (phenotypic) correlations were 0.05 (0.29), −0.15 (0.24) and 0.38 (0.24), for the respective pairs of traits. These results suggest that genetic, environmental, and phenotypic variations differ depending on cow age, such that care must be taken when ultrasound measurements are applied to selection of cows for meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Y M Lee
- Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - S-H Oh
- Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - H J Son
- Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - D J Jeong
- Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Niki Whitley
- Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - J J Kim
- Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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Kim MJ, Son HJ, Kim Y, Kweon HJ, Suh BC, Lyall V, Rhyu MR. Selective activation of hTRPV1 by N-geranyl cyclopropylcarboxamide, an amiloride-insensitive salt taste enhancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89062. [PMID: 24586504 PMCID: PMC3930709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV1t, a variant of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) has been proposed as a constitutively active, non-selective cation channel as a putative amiloride-insensitive salt taste receptor and shares many properties with TRPV1. Based on our previous chorda tympani taste nerve recordings in rodents and human sensory evaluations, we proposed that N-geranylcyclopropylcarboxamide (NGCC), a novel synthetic compound, acts as a salt taste enhancer by modulating the amiloride/benzamil-insensitive Na+ entry pathways. As an extension of this work, we investigated NGCC-induced human TRPV1 (hTRPV1) activation using a Ca2+-flux signaling assay in cultured cells. NGCC enhanced Ca2+ influx in hTRPV1-expressing cells in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 115 µM). NGCC-induced Ca2+ influx was significantly attenuated by ruthenium red (RR; 30 µM), a non-specific blocker of TRP channels and capsazepine (CZP; 5 µM), a specific antagonist of TRPV1, implying that NGCC directly activates hTRPV1. TRPA1 is often co-expressed with TRPV1 in sensory neurons. Therefore, we also investigated the effects of NGCC on hTRPA1-expressing cells. Similar to hTRPV1, NGCC enhanced Ca2+ influx in hTRPA1-expressing cells (EC50 = 83.65 µM). The NGCC-induced Ca2+ influx in hTRPA1-expressing cells was blocked by RR (30 µM) and HC-030031 (100 µM), a specific antagonist of TRPA1. These results suggested that NGCC selectively activates TRPV1 and TRPA1 in cultured cells. These data may provide additional support for our previous hypothesis that NGCC interacts with TRPV1 variant cation channel, a putative amiloride/benzamil-insensitive salt taste pathway in the anterior taste receptive field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Son
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiseul Kim
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Kweon
- Department of Brain Science, DaeguGyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain Science, DaeguGyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Lyall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mee-Ra Rhyu
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Sungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Yang MH, Cho J, Choi YH, Son HJ, Rhee JC, Sung J. The association between coronary artery calcification and colorectal adenoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2013; 60:538-42. [PMID: 23108081 DOI: 10.5754/hge12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Both colorectal neoplasm and coronary artery disease are prevalent diseases worldwide and share several risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between coronary artery calcification and prevalence of colorectal adenoma. METHODOLOGY We retrospectively evaluated 3,092 subjects who underwent colonoscopy and coronary artery calcium computed tomography (CT) on the same day or within a 3-month interval, during routine check-ups between January 2006 and June 2009 at the Center for Health Promotion of the Samsung Medical Center. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Colorectal adenomas were detected in 1,067 (34.5%) of the 3,092 subjects, including 536 (41.0%) individuals with and 531 (29.7%) without coronary calcification (p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of coronary artery calcification (OR=1.346; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.122-1.614), age ≥50 years (OR=1.516; 95% CI=1.256-1.829), waist circumference of 90-99cm (OR=1.364; 95% CI=1.008-1.844) and current smoker (OR=1.266; 95% CI=1.045-1.534) were associated with the prevalence of colorectal adenoma. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of colorectal adenoma is significantly higher in patients with coronary artery calcification. Our results support positive relationship between coronary artery disease and colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Yang
- Center for Health Promotion, John Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Piblic Helath Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Son HJ, Kim Y, Misaka T, Noh BS, Rhyu MR. Activation of the Chemosensory Ion Channels TRPA1 and TRPV1 by Hydroalcohol Extract of Kalopanax pictus Leaves. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:550-5. [PMID: 24009849 PMCID: PMC3762285 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.6.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPA1 and TRPV1 are members of the TRP superfamily of structurally related, nonselective cation channels. TRPA1 and TRPV1 are often co-expressed in sensory neurons and play an important role in somatosense such as cold, pain, and irritants. The first leaves of Kalopanax pictus Nakai (Araliaceae) have long been used as a culinary ingredient in Korea because of their unique chemesthetic flavor. In this study, we observed the intracellular Ca2+ response to cultured cells expressing human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) and human TRPV1 (hTRPV1) by Ca2+ imaging analysis to investigate the ability of the first leaves of K. pictus to activate the hTRPA1 and hTRPV1. An 80% ethanol extract of K. pictus (KPEx) increased intracellular Ca2+ influx in a response time- and concentration-dependent manner via either hTRPA1 or hTRPV1. KPEx-induced response to hTRPA1 was markedly attenuated by ruthenium red, a general blocker of TRP channels, and HC-030031, a specific antagonist of TRPA1. In addition, the intracellular Ca2+ influx attained with KPEx to hTRPV1 was mostly blocked by ruthenium red, and capsazepine, a specific antagonist of TRPV1. These results indicate that KPEx selectively activates both hTRPA1 and hTRPV1, which may provide evidence that the first leaves of K. pictus primarily activate TRPA1 and TRPV1 to induce their unique chemesthetic sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Son
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Song MJ, Lee SH, Choi MR, Son HJ, Lee CW, Yoon JH, Park YG, Hur SY, Ryu KS, Lee JM. Diagnostic value of CA125 as a predictor of recurrence in advanced ovarian cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2013; 34:148-151. [PMID: 23781586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish the guidelines for detecting early recurrences of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer by use of the CA-125 level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-five of the patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The authors examined 25 incremental changes of CA125 from one to 25 IU/ml, and compared the CA-125 value with other prognostic factors. Increases in the CA-125 level from the nadir level were expressed as CA-125- increments. RESULTS Among the 25 increments, a CA-125-8 (eight IU/ml) was selected as the predictor that was the most efficient and time-effective. CA-125-8 had a sensitivity of 91.5%, a specificity of 84.6%, a positive predictive value of 93.1%, a negative predictive value of 81.5%, an efficiency of 89.4%. and a median lead-time of 68.5 days (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION The authors suggest the incremented CA-125-8 as a predictor of recurrent advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Son HJ, Kim MJ, Park JH, Ishii S, Misaka T, Rhyu MR. Methyl syringate, a low-molecular-weight phenolic ester, as an activator of the chemosensory ion channel TRPA1. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:2211-8. [PMID: 23263817 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel ankryn 1 (TRPA1) and transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) are members of the TRP superfamily of structurally related, nonselective cation channels and are often coexpressed in sensory neurons. Extracts of the first leaves of Kalopanax pictus Nakai (Araliaceae) have been shown to activate hTRPA1 and hTRPV1. Therefore, the effects of six commercially available chemicals (methyl syringate, coniferyl alcohol, protocatechuic acid, hederacoside C, α-hederin, and eleutheroside B) found in K. pictus were investigated on cultured cells expressing hTRPA1 and hTRPV1. Of the six compounds, methyl syringate selectively activated hTRPA1 (EC(50) = 507.4 μM), but not hTRPV1. Although methyl syringate had a higher EC(50) compared with allyl isothiocyanate (EC(50) = 7.4 μM) and cinnamaldehyde (EC(50) = 22.2 μM), the present study provides evidence that methyl syringate from K. pictus is a specific and selective activator of hTRPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Son
- Division of Metabolism and Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam 463-746, Korea
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Kim YH, Kim MH, Kim BJ, Kim JJ, Chang DK, Son HJ, Rhee PL, Rhee JC. Inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion in a human colon cancer cell line by 5-aminosalicylic acid. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41:328-37. [PMID: 18976971 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminosalicylic acid lacks the well-known side effects associated with the long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We investigated anti-carcinogenic mechanisms of 5-aminosalicylic acid on a colon cancer cell line. METHODS MTT analysis was performed for various colon cancer cell lines. The expression of NF-kappaB and metalloproteinases was examined in either HT-29 cells treated with IL-1beta and/or 5-aminosalicylic acid. Matrigel assay was used to evaluate invasive potential of HT-29 cells. Analysis of a cDNA microarray containing 8700 genes was performed to identify the alteration of gene expression in response to treatment to 5-aminosalicylic acid. RESULTS The use of MTT analysis showed that 5-aminosalicylic acid suppressed the growth of HT-29 cells. The activity of NF-kappaB was also decreased by combined-treatment with IL-1beta and 5-aminosalicylic acid. The use of an ELISA and zymography demonstrated that MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzyme activity were decreased in HT-29 cells by treatment with various concentration of 5-aminosalicylic acid. A matrigel analysis demonstrated that 5-aminosalicylic acid treatment on HT-29 significantly inhibited the invasiveness of the cells. In cDNA microarray, 163 genes following 5-aminosalicylic acid exposure showed altered expression. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that 5-aminosalicylic acid suppresses the growth of human colon cancer cells and is able to inhibit MMPs expression via NF-kappaB mediated cell signals and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee EH, Choi IC, Song JG, Jeong YB, Hahm KD, Son HJ. Different bispectral index values from both sides of the forehead in unilateral carotid artery stenosis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53:134-6. [PMID: 18945245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bispectral index (BIS) values derived from the left and right forehead are usually the same. We report on two patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis in whom we observed differences between the BIS values obtained from sensors placed on each side of the forehead. During surgery, the BIS values of the diseased side decreased more than those of the opposite side when the mean arterial pressure decreased below 70 mmHg. BIS monitors should be used with caution in patients with unilateral carotid artery and cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park JS, Park DI, Park SK, Choi JS, Kim YH, Chang DK, Son HJ, Kim JE, Kim JO, Lee SH, Kim HS, Sin JE, Lee SG, Lee SY, Park SJ, Park CH, Baek IH, Jang BI, Jeen YT, Huh KC. Endoscopic evaluation of significant gastrointestinal lesions in patients with iron deficiency with and without anaemia: a Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Disease study. Intern Med J 2008; 39:441-6. [PMID: 19220549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endoscopy is recommended for patients with iron deficiency anaemia, there is, currently, no consensus on the role of endoscopy for iron-deficient patients without anaemia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of serious gastrointestinal (GI) lesions, identified by endoscopy in patients with iron deficiency and anaemia compared with patients with iron deficiency without anaemia. METHODS One thousand five hundred and eighteen patients with a ferritin value of <or=50 ng/mL and a total iron-binding capacity >or=300 mg/dL were retrospectively investigated using oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy between January 2005 and September 2006. The lesions identified were classified as clinically important according to standard predetermined criteria. RESULTS Among the 1518 cases, 749 patients had anaemia and 769 had normal haemoglobin levels. Clinically important lesions were identified in 24.6% of the patients with anaemia and in 22.8% of the patients without anaemia (P > 0.05). The frequency of lower GI tract lesions (13.6 vs 11.4%, P > 0.05) and upper GI tract lesions (11.9 vs 12.5%, P > 0.05) was similar in the comparisons between the two groups. However, the frequency of malignant GI lesions was higher in the patients with anaemia (5.1 vs 0.7%, P < 0.01). In addition, the patients without anaemia were significantly more likely to have early-stage neoplasia (adenoma, early gastric cancer and Dukes' A and B colon cancer) than were the patients with anaemia (98.4 vs 52.5%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that patients with iron deficiency should undergo endoscopic evaluation of the GI tract, irrespective of whether they have anaemia. The endoscopic evaluation of the GI tract in patients with iron deficiency without anaemia could provide an opportunity for the detection of early-stage neoplasia at a curable stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Son HJ, Song SY, Lee WY, Yang SS, Park SH, Yang MH, Yoon SH, Chun HK. Characteristics of early colorectal carcinoma with lymph node metastatic disease. Hepatogastroenterology 2008; 55:1293-1297. [PMID: 18795675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Endoscopic resection may safely and effectively remove early colorectal cancers. However, additional surgical treatment is needed in cases with metastatic lymph nodes for curative treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between lymph node metastasis and various pathological parameters in early colorectal cancers. METHODOLOGY The clinicopathological records of 3,557 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgical resection at the Samsung Medical Center from August 1995 to June 2005 were reviewed. One hundred forty seven tissue samples with early colorectal cancer were used in this study. Various parameters were studied including gender, location, macroscopic appearance, differentiation, lymphatic tumor emboli, and the depth of tumor invasion. RESULTS Twenty five patients (17.0%) had lymph node metastasis. Male gender, left colon, macroscopically depressed lesions, moderately or poorly differentiated carcinoma, depth of tumor invasion (Sm2 or Sm3), and presence of lymphatic tumor emboli were the risk factors for lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Early colorectal cancers with male gender, location in the left colon, macroscopically depressed lesion, moderate or poor differentiation, depth in Sm2 or Sm3, and the presence of lymphatic tumor emboli have higher risk of lymph node metastasis than those without. The early colorectal cancers with these risk factors should have surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea
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Min BH, Lee H, Jeong JS, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Rhee JC, Rhee PL, Yoon YB. Comparison of a novel teeth-protecting mouthpiece with a traditional device in preventing endoscopy-related complications involving teeth or temporomandibular joint: a multicenter randomized trial. Endoscopy 2008; 40:472-7. [PMID: 18543135 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-995647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS After upper endoscopy, patients have complained of symptoms involving teeth or the temporomandibular joint; however, these endoscopy-related complications are usually ignored with few attempts to prevent them. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of endoscopy-related complications involving teeth or temporomandibular joint, and to compare the effectiveness of a newly developed teeth-protecting mouthpiece (TPM) with a traditional mouthpiece (the MB-142) in preventing these complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS 872 patients from 28 centers, who were undergoing their first upper endoscopy, were randomly assigned to TPM and MB-142 groups. At 3 - 4 days after the procedure, the occurrence of endoscopy-related complications involving the teeth or the temporomandibular joint was investigated using a structured questionnaire. Finally 865 patients (TPM group, n = 423; MB-142, n = 442) responded to this questionnaire and were included in the analysis. RESULTS Overall, the incidence of complications was significantly lower in the TPM than in the MB-142 group (0.9% vs. 3.2%). With stratification according to sedation status, in nonsedated patients no significant difference was found between the two groups (0.7% vs. 0.9%). In sedated patients, however, the TPM group showed a significantly lower incidence of complication than the MB-142 group (1.7% vs. 11.6%). Clinically serious problems such as a tooth fracture or a loose tooth occurred only in sedated patients in the MB-142 group. CONCLUSIONS The TPM showed an advantage over the MB-142 mouthpiece for preventing endoscopy-related complications involving teeth or the temporomandibular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-H Min
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Sinn DH, Kim JH, Kim S, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Rhee JC, Rhee PL. Response rate and predictors of response in a short-term empirical trial of high-dose rabeprazole in patients with globus. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:1275-81. [PMID: 18315581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the aetiology of globus (the sensation of a lump in the throat) remains unclear, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is associated with globus. A short-term trial with a high-dose proton pump inhibitor has been shown to be a sensitive tool for diagnosing gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. AIM To see whether patients with globus symptom responded to short-term high-dose rabeprazole trial and assess predictors of symptom response. METHODS Sixty-four patients with globus symptom were analysed. Patients received rabeprazole 20 mg b.d. for 14 days. Patients completed a daily diary assessing the severity and frequency of globus. RESULTS Forty-one patients (64%) were diagnosed clinically with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Based on the pH testing and endoscopy, the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was 22% (14 of 64). The globus symptom score was significantly higher in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease compared with patients without gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (P = 0.004). Two patients (3%) had complete resolution and 22 (34%) had more than a 50% improvement in the globus symptom score. Endoscopic findings (P = 0.714), pathological acid exposure on pH testing (P = 0.741) or baseline gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms (P = 0.606) were not associated with improvement of globus symptom. CONCLUSION While gastro-oesophageal reflux disease may be an aggravating factor in patients with globus, it does not appear to be the sole cause of globus symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yoo SJ, Kim DC, Joung M, Kim JS, Lee BJ, Oh KS, Kim KU, Kim YH, Kim YW, Choi SW, Son HJ, Park YC, Jang JN, Hong MP. Hyperthermal neutral beam sources for material processing. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:02C301. [PMID: 18315241 DOI: 10.1063/1.2801343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermal neutral beams have a great potential for material processes, especially for etching and thin film deposition for semiconductor and display fabrication as well as deposition for various thin film applications. Plasma-induced damage during plasma etching is a serious problem for manufacturing deep submicron semiconductor devices and is expected to be a problem for future nanoscale devices. Thermal and plasma-induced damage is also problematic for thin film depositions such as transparent conductive oxide films on organic light emitting diodes or flexible displays due to high temperature processes in plasma environments. These problems can be overcome by damage-free and low-temperature processes with hyperthermal neutral beams. We will present the status of the hyperthermal neutral beam development and the applications, especially, in semiconductor and display fabrication and introduce potential applications of thin film growing for optoelectronic devices such as light emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Yoo
- Group of Applied Technology Research, National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Son HJ, Son H, Myung W, Yoo HS, Park SH, Song SY, Kwon YD, Song S, Rhee JC. Prognostic indicators of gastric carcinoma confined to the muscularis propria. Histopathology 2007; 51:105-10. [PMID: 17593085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric carcinoma confined to the muscularis propria (MPGC) is considered an intermediate-stage carcinoma. A method of discriminating between more favourable and less favourable prognostic groups of this entity is critically needed in dealing with this heterogeneous disease. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between survival of patients with MPGC and its various clinicopathological parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS Various clinicopathological parameters were studied in 171 tissue samples including: macroscopic appearance, size, age, sex, stage, invasion depth, Lauren and Ming classifications, extent, lymphatic emboli and nodal metastasis. Tumours macroscopically resembling early gastric cancers, younger patient age, absence of lymphatic tumour emboli and lower stage were significantly associated with better prognosis of MPGC by univariate analysis. Tumours macroscopically resembling early gastric cancers, younger patient age and Lauren's diffuse type were significantly associated with a better prognosis of MPGC by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS These indicators are practical parameters for predicting patient prognosis in clinical practice. The description of these parameters should be carefully noted in the final report and pathologists should evaluate the macroscopic appearance of MPGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre [corrected] Sungkyukwan University School of Medicine [corrected] Seoul, Korea.
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Lee H, Kim YH, Kim JH, Chang DK, Son HJ, Rhee PL, Kim JJ, Paik SW, Rhee JC. Nonsurgical treatment of abdominal or pelvic abscess in consecutive patients with Crohn's disease. Dig Liver Dis 2006; 38:659-64. [PMID: 16423568 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little agreement about the efficacy of nonsurgical treatment for abscess associated with Crohn's disease. Furthermore, there is no study on characteristics of abscess or patient that nonsurgical treatment could be worth trying as initial treatment. AIMS To evaluate the outcome of nonsurgical treatment in Crohn's disease-related abscess and identify factor leading to failure of nonsurgical treatment of this complication. PATIENTS Twenty-four patients, who consecutively admitted for Crohn's disease-related abscess to our institution during a 7-year period, underwent nonsurgical treatment as initial therapy. METHODS Outcome data such as recurrence and intractability, and clinical features were retrospectively analysed. Univariate analysis with patient-related factors and abscess-related factors was performed for risk factor identification. RESULTS Median follow-up period was 47.5 months. Of the eligible patients, 19 patients were treated medically and 5 patients underwent percutaneous catheter drainage with medical treatment. Overall success rate of nonsurgical treatment in our centre was 66.7%. The cumulative recurrence rate at 7 months was 12.5%. All recurrences occurred within 7 months from complete resolution on follow-up imaging. Univariate analysis showed that the significant factors which lead to failure of nonsurgical treatment were presence of associated fistula and concurrent steroid use (P=0.019 and P=0.019, respectively). CONCLUSION Nonsurgical treatment can be considered as initial treatment modality for the Crohn's disease-related abscess without concurrent steroid therapy or relevant fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-dong 50, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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Kim SG, Choi KJ, Son HJ, Jun YC, Rhee JB, Shon IS, Lee YD, Kim SH. Monitoring of coagulation performance and determination of coagulant dosage using a pilot in-line filter. Water Sci Technol 2006; 53:411-7. [PMID: 16722093 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A rapid method using the pilot in-line filter to detect any change in coagulation performance was a proposed in this study. This method attempted to detect a change in coagulant dosage and mixing intensity by evaluating the filtrate quality of the in-line filter, which took the rapidly mixed water. Since the response time of this method was less than 10 min, it could be valuable to monitor the coagulation performance. The in-line filter was found more useful without underdrain. The in-line filter was more sensitive to a change in filtrate quality without underdrain than with underdrain. A new method, which combines a jar test with the in-line filter, was proposed to determine the coagulant dosage. This method reflected the actual plant situation more accurately than a jar test.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kim
- Busan Water Quality Institute, 421-1, Maeri Sangdong Gimhaisi Kyungnam, Republic of Korea.
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Son HJ, Song SY, Kim S, Noh JH, Sohn TS, Kim DS, Rhee JC. Characteristics of submucosal gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastatic disease. Histopathology 2005. [PMID: 15693888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the correlation between lymph node metastatic disease and various pathological parameters. Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor in determining the prognosis of patients with early gastric cancer and is significantly associated with the submucosal invasion of neoplastic cells. However, the depth of submucosal layer as well as the depth of submucosal tumour invasion varies among different cases. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied various pathological parameters including the macroscopic appearance, location, size, area, differentiation, invasion depth, vascularity and fibrosis of submucosal gastric carcinomas (SMGC), using 248 age- and sex-matched tissue samples. The presence of lymphatic emboli, a larger area, greater size, a non-flat gross type and an increased vascularity of the tumour were significantly associated with node-positive SMGC. Among the three depth-related parameters, the ocular scale measurement, the sm3 method and the sm2 method, only the ocular scale measurement showed a significant correlation with node-positive SMGC. Using multivariate analysis, the incidence of lymph node metastasis increased in the lymphatic tumour emboli and in the tumours that invaded more than half of the submucosal layer. CONCLUSIONS These histological indicators seem to be a feasible and easy way to predict lymph node metastatic disease from limited surgery specimens. Pathologists should carefully investigate the lymphatic invasion of tumour cells and measure the invasion depth of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
AIM To study the correlation between lymph node metastatic disease and various pathological parameters. Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor in determining the prognosis of patients with early gastric cancer and is significantly associated with the submucosal invasion of neoplastic cells. However, the depth of submucosal layer as well as the depth of submucosal tumour invasion varies among different cases. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied various pathological parameters including the macroscopic appearance, location, size, area, differentiation, invasion depth, vascularity and fibrosis of submucosal gastric carcinomas (SMGC), using 248 age- and sex-matched tissue samples. The presence of lymphatic emboli, a larger area, greater size, a non-flat gross type and an increased vascularity of the tumour were significantly associated with node-positive SMGC. Among the three depth-related parameters, the ocular scale measurement, the sm3 method and the sm2 method, only the ocular scale measurement showed a significant correlation with node-positive SMGC. Using multivariate analysis, the incidence of lymph node metastasis increased in the lymphatic tumour emboli and in the tumours that invaded more than half of the submucosal layer. CONCLUSIONS These histological indicators seem to be a feasible and easy way to predict lymph node metastatic disease from limited surgery specimens. Pathologists should carefully investigate the lymphatic invasion of tumour cells and measure the invasion depth of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
AIM Recent trends in treatment strategy for early gastric cancer (EGC) are towards minimal surgical procedures, such as endoscopic mucosal resection and laparoscopic partial resection. There is a possibility of incomplete removal of regional lymph nodes in minimal procedures, which may subsequently decrease the chance of a cure. Therefore, it is essential to be able to predict lymph node status and to make careful selection of candidates for mucosal resection. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the relationship between lymph node status and various pathological parameters including macroscopic appearance, location, size, differentiation, presence of ulceration, vascularity, presence of gastritis cystica profunda-like glandular proliferation, disruption of the muscularis mucosae and invasion into the muscularis mucosae, using age- and sex-matched samples of 40 node-positive and 80 node-negative tumours to define the characteristics of intramucosal EGCs. Histological differentiation (P < 0.001), increased submucosal vascularity (P < 0.05), breakdown of the muscularis mucosae (P < 0.05), and invasion of tumour cells into the muscularis mucosae (P < 0.05) were correlated with the lymph node status of intramucosal gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, diffuse type histology (P < 0.001) and deep invasion into the muscularis mucosae (P < 0.05) were indicators of node-positive intramucosal EGCs. CONCLUSIONS These histological indicators are easily accessible and seem to predict lymph node metastatic disease in limited surgical specimens. Patients should be carefully selected despite the recent trend toward less invasive resection of EGCs, especially for those apparently confined to the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Song
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
AIM Recent trends in treatment strategy for early gastric cancer (EGC) are towards minimal surgical procedures, such as endoscopic mucosal resection and laparoscopic partial resection. There is a possibility of incomplete removal of regional lymph nodes in minimal procedures, which may subsequently decrease the chance of a cure. Therefore, it is essential to be able to predict lymph node status and to make careful selection of candidates for mucosal resection. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the relationship between lymph node status and various pathological parameters including macroscopic appearance, location, size, differentiation, presence of ulceration, vascularity, presence of gastritis cystica profunda-like glandular proliferation, disruption of the muscularis mucosae and invasion into the muscularis mucosae, using age- and sex-matched samples of 40 node-positive and 80 node-negative tumours to define the characteristics of intramucosal EGCs. Histological differentiation (P < 0.001), increased submucosal vascularity (P < 0.05), breakdown of the muscularis mucosae (P < 0.05), and invasion of tumour cells into the muscularis mucosae (P < 0.05) were correlated with the lymph node status of intramucosal gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, diffuse type histology (P < 0.001) and deep invasion into the muscularis mucosae (P < 0.05) were indicators of node-positive intramucosal EGCs. CONCLUSIONS These histological indicators are easily accessible and seem to predict lymph node metastatic disease in limited surgical specimens. Patients should be carefully selected despite the recent trend toward less invasive resection of EGCs, especially for those apparently confined to the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Song
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal bleeding in patients with typhoid fever usually occurs in the ileum. However, endoscopic findings in such patients are not well established. We examined the colonoscopic manifestations of intestinal lesions with bleeding in patients with typhoid fever. PATIENTS AND METHODS The colonoscopic findings of seven patients who presented with haematochezia due to typhoid fever were reviewed retrospectively. Typhoid fever was diagnosed when the Salmonella typhi was isolated or when the Widal test showed strongly positive reactions. RESULTS Clinical data and colonoscopic findings were reviewed in seven patients (four men and three women with an average age of 42 years). The most commonly involved area was the terminal ileum (100%), followed by the ileocecal valve (57%), the ascending colon (43%), and the transverse colon (29%). Left colon was intact in all cases. The most common colonoscopic finding was multiple variable-sized punched-out ulcers with slightly elevated margin, as found in five patients. In two patients, only several oedematous hyperaemic mucosal patches with haemorrhagic spots or shallow erosions were seen. Active bleeding was noticed only in one patient, who received endoscopic haemostasis twice. The remaining six patients were treated by conservative treatment including antibiotic therapy. There was no complication during or after the colonoscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal bleeding in typhoid fever usually occurs from the ulcers in the ileum or proximal colon, and the most common colonoscopic manifestations are multiple variable-sized punched-out ulcerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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Lee JH, Kim JJ, Jung JH, Lee SY, Bae MH, Kim YH, Son HJ, Rhee PL, Rhee JC. Colonoscopic manifestations of typhoid fever with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Liver Dis 2004. [PMID: 15002823 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld 2003.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal bleeding in patients with typhoid fever usually occurs in the ileum. However, endoscopic findings in such patients are not well established. We examined the colonoscopic manifestations of intestinal lesions with bleeding in patients with typhoid fever. PATIENTS AND METHODS The colonoscopic findings of seven patients who presented with haematochezia due to typhoid fever were reviewed retrospectively. Typhoid fever was diagnosed when the Salmonella typhi was isolated or when the Widal test showed strongly positive reactions. RESULTS Clinical data and colonoscopic findings were reviewed in seven patients (four men and three women with an average age of 42 years). The most commonly involved area was the terminal ileum (100%), followed by the ileocecal valve (57%), the ascending colon (43%), and the transverse colon (29%). Left colon was intact in all cases. The most common colonoscopic finding was multiple variable-sized punched-out ulcers with slightly elevated margin, as found in five patients. In two patients, only several oedematous hyperaemic mucosal patches with haemorrhagic spots or shallow erosions were seen. Active bleeding was noticed only in one patient, who received endoscopic haemostasis twice. The remaining six patients were treated by conservative treatment including antibiotic therapy. There was no complication during or after the colonoscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal bleeding in typhoid fever usually occurs from the ulcers in the ileum or proximal colon, and the most common colonoscopic manifestations are multiple variable-sized punched-out ulcerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, #50 Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
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Lee JH, Kim JJ, Kim YH, Jang JK, Son HJ, Peck KR, Rhee PL, Paik SW, Rhee JC, Choi KW. Increased risk of peristomal wound infection after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Dig Liver Dis 2002; 34:857-61. [PMID: 12643294 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(02)80256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of prospective studies on the effect of prophylactic antibiotics before percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy are conflicting. Factors for increased risk of peristomal wound infection have not been clearly identified. AIM To evaluate the incidence of complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and to determine the predictors of wound infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed on 134 patients in different disease groups between January 1996 and June 2000. Medical records were carefully reviewed for demographic data, indications for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, use of prophylactic antibiotics, complications and comorbid conditions predisposing to wound infection. RESULTS Of 134 patients, 22 (16.4%) developed complications after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Wound infection, the most common complication, occurred in 19 patients (14.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated microorganism. In univariate analysis, non-malignant disease and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with peristomal wound infection after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. In multivariate analysis, only diabetes mellitus was an independent risk factor for the development of peristomal wound infection after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (p = 0.035) CONCLUSIONS Patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of peristomal wound infection after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YH, Lee JH, Lee SS, Cho EY, Oh YL, Son HJ, Rhee PL, Kim JJ, Koh KC, Paik SW, Rhee JC, Choi KW. Long-term stress and Helicobacter pylori infection independently induce gastric mucosal lesions in C57BL/6 mice. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002; 37:1259-64. [PMID: 12465722 DOI: 10.1080/003655202761020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term psychological stresses may have a role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. However, the interaction between stress and Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of peptic ulcer is not established. The aim of this study was to elucidate the roles of long-term stress and H. pylori infection in the development of gastric mucosal lesions in mice. METHODS The Sydney strain (SS1) of H. pylori was inoculated into the stomach of C57BL/J6 mice. Twelve weeks later, mice with or without H. pylori infection were exposed to long-term repeated water-immersion-restraint stress (WIRS) for 12 h per day, 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. Gastric mucosal lesions were evaluated both macroscopically (ulcer index) and microscopically (Updated Sydney System). RESULTS The long-term WIRS induced mild inflammation, oedema, interstitial haemorrhage and superficial erosions in the stomach of mice both with and without H. pylori infection. The degree of mucosal inflammation or atrophy in H. pylori-infected mice was not influenced by the stress. In the mice without H. pylori infection, the ulcer index of the stressed mice was greater than that of non-stressed mice (1.66 +/- 0.39 versus 0.17 +/- 0.08, P = 0.007). In the mice with H. pylori infection, the ulcer index (mean +/- s(x)) of the stressed mice was also greater than that of non-stressed mice (2.31 +/- 0.59 versus 0.64 +/- 0.22, P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that long-term stress can induce gastric mucosal inflammation and erosions, and this effect may occur independently of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Dept. of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Rhee PL, Hyun JG, Lee JH, Kim YH, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Paik SW, Rhee JC, Choi KW. The effect of sildenafil on lower esophageal sphincter and body motility in normal male adults. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:3251-7. [PMID: 11774933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.05322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sildenafil relaxes smooth muscle by blocking type 5 phosphodiesterase, which destroys nitric oxide-stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate. The aim of this study is to investigate the change of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and body motility with the lapse of time after sildenafil infusion in normal male adults. METHODS After basal esophageal manometry in eight healthy male adult volunteers, we infused a 50-mg tablet of sildenafil dissolved in water in the stomach through the manometry catheter and observed the changes of LES and body motility with the lapse of time. We randomized the study population into two groups, and esophageal manometry was repeated in LES and body sequence in four volunteers and in body and LES sequence in the other four volunteers immediately after sildenafil infusion. RESULTS LES resting pressure significantly decreased after sildenafil infusion. The body peristaltic amplitude gradually decreased and eventually disappeared, and the latency increased significantly after sildenafil infusion in both the proximal and distal esophagus. CONCLUSIONS These data support that nitric oxide mediates LES relaxation and the timing of esophageal peristalsis. In the future, sildenafil can be tried in some esophageal motor disorders, which have defects in nitric oxide neuromuscular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Rhee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Son HJ, Kim YH, Park DI, Kim JJ, Rhee PL, Paik SW, Choi KW, Song SY, Rhee JC. Interaction between cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in gastric cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001; 33:383-8. [PMID: 11606854 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200111000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic expression of cylcooygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, the purpose of our study was to assess the expression of COX-2 and iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) in gastric cancer and to investigate the correlation between the expression of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA in these patients. STUDY Twenty-three gastric carcinoma specimens and accompanying adjacent specimens were obtained from surgical resection. The expression of COX-2 and iNOS were examined by comparative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Cylcooygenase-2 and iNOS mRNA were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. There was significant correlation between the levels of COX-2 and iNOS mRNA in carcinoma tissues. However, there was no significant correlation between the level of COX-2 or iNOS mRNA expression and several clinicopathologic parameters in these patients. CONCLUSION The expression of COX-2 and iNOS may be one of the factors that contribute to gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of autonomic dysfunction in patients with functional dyspepsia is not completely understood. AIMS 1. to prospectively assess abnormalities of autonomic function in patients with functional dyspepsia, 2. to assess whether autonomic dysfunction in these patients is associated with a. visceral hypersensitivity or b. delayed gastric emptying or c. severity of dyspeptic symptoms. PATIENTS A series of 28 patients with functional dyspepsia and 14 healthy volunteers without gastrointestinal symptoms were studied. METHODS All patients and controls were submitted to a battery of five standard cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests, dyspeptic questionnaire, gastric barostat tests and gastric emptying tests. RESULTS 1. Autonomic function tests showed that both sympathetic and parasympathetic scores of dyspeptic patients were significantly higher than in controls; 2. visceral hypersensitivity was confirmed in dyspeptics in response to proximal gastric distension, demonstrating lower pain threshold; 3. delayed gastric emptying occurred more frequently in patients with functional dyspepsia than in controls; 4. epigastric pain and epigastric burning were significantly more prevalent in patients with definite evidence of autonomic dysfunction; 5. No significant association was found between presence of autonomic dysfunction and presence of visceral hypersensitivity or presence of delayed gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that a possible role of autonomic dysfunction in eliciting dyspeptic symptoms could not be determined from alterations in visceral hypersensitivity or delayed gastric emptying. Autonomic dysfunction might not be the major explanation for symptoms associated with functional dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park DI, Rhee PL, Kim JE, Hyun JG, Kim YH, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Paik SW, Rhee JC, Choi KW, Oh YL. Risk factors suggesting malignant transformation of gastric adenoma: univariate and multivariate analysis. Endoscopy 2001; 33:501-6. [PMID: 11437043 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Since gastric adenomas are precancerous lesions, polypectomy is necessary. However, there have been no reports suggesting factors capable of predicting malignant transformation of gastric adenomas removed by endoscopic snare polypectomy (ESP) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in Korea, a country in which gastric cancer is a major problem. The aim of this paper was to elucidate the risk factors suggesting malignant transformation of gastric adenomas removed by ESP or EMR at our center. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between November 1994 and June 1999, 118 gastric adenomas diagnosed on the basis of endoscopy and histological examinations of the forceps biopsy specimens obtained were treated by ESP or EMR at our department. Factors capable of predicting malignancy were searched for in the endoscopy reports, still photographs, and histopathological findings. RESULTS Eight of the 118 adenomas ultimately proved to have malignant foci. In the univariate analysis, four of the variables studied--location, histological type, surface redness, and degree of dysplasia--had a statistically significant relationship with malignant transformation. In the multivariate analysis, only the degree of dysplasia had a statistically significant relationship with malignant transformation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia in forceps biopsy material should be considered an absolute indication for ESP or EMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Son HJ, Rhee JC, Park DI, Kim YH, Rhee PL, Koh KC, Paik SW, Choi KW, Kim JJ. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in gastroduodenal diseases infected with Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2001; 6:37-43. [PMID: 11328364 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-5378.2001.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized enzymatically from L-arginine by NO synthase, which is measured by inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection produces a state of chronic immunostimulation in the gastric epithelium. Infection with cagA+ H. pylori has greater degree of gastric inflammation and epithelial cell damage. Therefore, we compared the levels of iNOS in patients with H. pylori infection in relation to cagA status and H. pylori-related disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and seven patients, including 51 patients with gastric cancer, 12 patients with gastric ulcer, 18 patients with duodenal ulcer and 26 patients with chronic gastritis, were enrolled in this study. Biopsies from the antrum and body were obtained for histologic examination, culture and reverse transcriptionase-PCR (RT-PCR) for detection of iNOS gene expression. The presence of H. pylori was confirmed by Giemsa staining or culture and the gene expression of cagA in H. pylori isolates was confirmed by PCR. RESULTS H. pylori infection was detected in 70.1% (75/107) and cagA was detected in 84.8% (28/33). iNOS expression was detected in 49.5% (53/107) and there was no significant difference in iNOS expression according to H. pylori infection nor the cagA status in the gastroduodenal diseases. However, iNOS expression was more frequently detected in gastric cancer than the other H. pylori-related diseases (64.7% vs. 35.7%, p <.05). CONCLUSION Although NO was thought be involved in the gastric carcinogenesis, the level of NO production was not related to H. pylori infection or cagA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Son HJ, Heo MS, Kim YG, Lee SJ. Optimization of fermentation conditions for the production of bacterial cellulose by a newly isolated Acetobacter sp. A9 in shaking cultures. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2001; 33:1-5. [PMID: 11171030 DOI: 10.1042/ba20000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The optimum fermentation conditions for the production of cellulose by a newly isolated Acetobacter sp. A9 were determined by shaken cultures. The strain was able to produce cellulose at 25-30 degrees C with a maximum at 30 degrees C. Cellulose production occurred at pH 4.5-7.5 with a maximum at pH 6.5. The improved medium composition was 4% (w/v) glucose, 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, 0.7% (w/v) polypeptone and 0.8% (w/v) Na(2)HPO(4).12H(2)O. Under these culture conditions, 3.8 g/l cellulose was produced after 7 days of cultivation, although this strain produced only 2.2 g/l in the standard medium. The addition of ethanol to the improved medium enhanced cellulose production: in an improved medium containing 1.4% (v/v) ethanol, cellulose production was 15.2 g/l, which was about four times higher than that without ethanol. Addition of ethanol was found to eliminate the spontaneous mutation of Acetobacter sp. A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Department of Biotechnology, Miryang National University #1025-1 Naei-dong, Miryang 627-702, Kyungnam, South Korea.
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Rhee PL, Choi MS, Kim YH, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Koh KC, Paik SW, Rhee JC, Choi KW. An increased rectal maximum tolerable volume and long anal canal are associated with poor short-term response to biofeedback therapy for patients with anismus with decreased bowel frequency and normal colonic transit time. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43:1405-11. [PMID: 11052518 DOI: 10.1007/bf02236637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biofeedback is an effective therapy for a majority of patients with anismus. However, a significant proportion of patients still failed to respond to biofeedback, and little has been known about the factors that predict response to biofeedback. We evaluated the factors associated with poor response to biofeedback. METHODS Biofeedback therapy was offered to 45 patients with anismus with decreased bowel frequency (less than three times per week) and normal colonic transit time. Any differences in demographics, symptoms, and parameters of anorectal physiologic tests were sought between responders (in whom bowel frequency increased up to three times or more per week after biofeedback) and nonresponders (in whom bowel frequency remained less than three times per week). RESULTS Thirty-one patients (68.9 percent) responded to biofeedback and 14 patients (31.1 percent) did not. Anal canal length was longer in nonresponders than in responders (4.53 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.08 +/- 0.56 cm; P = 0.02), and rectal maximum tolerable volume was larger in nonresponders than in responders. (361 +/- 87 vs. 302 +/- 69 ml; P = 0.02). Anal canal length and rectal maximum tolerable volume showed significant differences between responders and nonresponders on multivariate analysis (P = 0.027 and P = 0.034, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that a long anal canal and increased rectal maximum tolerable volume are associated with poor short-term response to biofeedback for patients with anismus with decreased bowel frequency and normal colonic transit time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Rhee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Rhee PL, Kim YH, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Koh KC, Paik SW, Rhee JC, Choi KW. Evaluation of individual symptoms cannot predict presence of gastric hypersensitivity in functional dyspepsia. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45:1680-4. [PMID: 11007125 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005550019308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the concept of gastric hypersensitivity was introduced as an important factor in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD), but it is unclear which symptoms can predict the presence of gastric hypersensitivity. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between common symptoms of FD and various parameters measured by gastric barostat in FD patients. Gastric barostat tests were performed in 64 FD patients and 20 healthy control subjects without gastrointestinal symptoms. Individual symptoms such as early satiety, postprandial fullness, sense of delayed emptying, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric soreness were collected and graded as mild to severe. Basal tone, gastric compliance, and postprandial receptive relaxation were similar in controls and patients, the threshold of abdominal discomfort was lower in FD patients than in controls (8.9 +/- 3.6 mm Hg and 14.5 +/- 3.7 mm Hg, respectively, P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the threshold of abdominal discomfort according to the severity of individual symptoms. In conclusion, a simple evaluation of individual symptoms could not predict the presence of gastric hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Rhee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Park JS, Balk KU, Son HJ, Lee JH, Lee SJ, Cho JY, Park J, Yoo ES, Byun YS, Park MH. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel compounds for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Arch Pharm Res 2000; 23:332-7. [PMID: 10976579 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular modeling study of novel compounds for the inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Among these compounds, 2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-isoindolinone (9) was selected as a lead compound and its pyridine derivative 10 was more potent in activity and safer than rolipram.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Park
- R&D Center, Daewoong Pharm. Co. Ltd., Kyunggi-do, Korea.
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Son HJ, Lee HJ, Yun-Choi HS, Ryu JH. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis and TNF-alpha expression from Magnolia obovata in activated macrophages. Planta Med 2000; 66:469-471. [PMID: 10909270 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-8592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are the major mediators produced in activated macrophages which contribute to the circulatory failure associated with septic shock. An activity-guided fractionation of an MeOH extract of stem bark of Magnolia obovata afforded two inhibitors of NO production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-activated macrophages by the suppression of i-NOS expression. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods to be magnolol and honokiol with IC50 values of 16.8 and 6.4 microM, respectively. They also inhibited the production of TNF-alpha in LPS-activated macrophages. Thus, these compounds may be possible candidates for the development of new drugs to treat endotoxemia accompanied by the overproduction of NO and TNF-alpha.
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Abstract
To evaluate the role of gastric hypersensitivity and the relationship between gastric hypersensitivity and delayed gastric emptying in Korean functional dyspepsia (FD) patients, the authors performed gastric barostat and gastric emptying scintigraphy in 64 FD patients and compared these results with those of control subjects. Basal tones and gastric compliance were similar in control subjects and patients. However, threshold of abdominal discomfort was lower in FD patients than in control subjects (8.9 +/- 3.6 mmHg and 14.5 +/- 3.7 mmHg respectively; p < 0.05). Twenty-four of 64 patients (37.5%) experienced abdominal discomfort at a pressure less than 7 mmHg above minimal distending pressure (corresponding to the 95th percentile of normal values). Half time of solid-phase gastric emptying in patients and control subjects was not significantly different. Twenty-three of 64 patients (35.9%) had delayed gastric emptying compared with control subjects (normal ranges were mean +/- two standard deviations in control subjects). Thresholds of abdominal discomfort were not significantly different in patients with and without delayed gastric emptying (9.3 +/- 4.0 mL/mmHg vs. 8.6 +/- 3.3 mL/mmHg). There were also no significant differences in the proportion of patients with delayed gastric emptying between patients with and without gastric hypersensitivity. In conclusion, gastric hypersensitivity plays an important role in FD, and the presence of gastric hypersensitivity was not related to the presence of delayed gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Rhee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sung-kyun-kwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Rhee PL, Kim YH, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Koh KC, Paik SW, Rhee JC, Choi KW. Lack of association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastric hypersensitivity or delayed gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:3165-9. [PMID: 10566708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric sensitivity to distention or gastric emptying rate to define the role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. METHODS Gastric barostat, gastric emptying scintigraphy, and 13C urea breath test were performed in 34 consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia. RESULTS Between H. pylori-positive and -negative patients with functional dyspepsia, there were no significant differences in basal tone (57.2 +/- 15.0 ml vs 66.8 +/- 18.3 ml), compliance (41.0 +/- 11.2 ml/mm Hg vs 38.2 +/- 11.8 ml/mm Hg), threshold of first sense (3.6 +/- 2.7 mm Hg vs 2.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg), threshold of abdominal discomfort (9.4 +/- 4.0 mm Hg vs 7.3 +/- 1.9 mm Hg), and postprandial receptive relaxation (115.4 +/- 89.7 ml vs 99.0 +/- 88.7 ml), measured by gastric barostat. Half gastric emptying time (88.6 +/- 24.5 min vs 91.4 +/- 21.6 min) and retention rate at 120 min (32.8 +/- 17.8% vs 41.9 +/- 20.1%) were also similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION H. pylori infection was not associated with gastric hypersensitivity to distention or delayed gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Rhee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sung-kyun-kwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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