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Byun K, Hyodo K, Suwabe K, Fukuie T, Ha MS, Damrongthai C, Kuwamizu R, Koizumi H, Yassa MA, Soya H. Mild exercise improves executive function with increasing neural efficiency in the prefrontal cortex of older adults. GeroScience 2024; 46:309-325. [PMID: 37318716 PMCID: PMC10828372 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether a 3-month mild-exercise intervention could improve executive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults in a randomized control trial. Ultimately, a total of 81 middle-aged and older adults were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group received 3 months of mild cycle exercise intervention (3 sessions/week, 30-50 min/session). The control group was asked to behave as usual for the intervention period. Before and after the intervention, participants did color-word matching Stroop tasks (CWST), and Stroop interference (SI)-related reaction time (RT) was assessed as an indicator of executive function. During the CWST, prefrontal activation was monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). SI-related oxy-Hb changes and SI-related neural efficiency (NE) scores were assessed to examine the underlying neural mechanism of the exercise intervention. Although the mild-exercise intervention significantly decreased SI-related RT, there were no significant effects of exercise intervention on SI-related oxy-Hb changes or SI-related NE scores in prefrontal subregions. Lastly, changes in the effects of mild exercise on NE with advancing age were examined. The 81 participants were divided into two subgroups (younger-aged subgroup [YA], older-aged subgroup [OA], based on median age [68 years.]). Interestingly, SI-related RT significantly decreased, and SI-related NE scores in all ROIs of the prefrontal cortex significantly increased only in the OA subgroup. These results reveal that a long-term intervention of very light-intensity exercise has a positive effect on executive function especially in older adults, possibly by increasing neural efficiency in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongho Byun
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Sport Science; Sport Science Institute & Health Promotion Center, College of Arts & Physical Education, Incheon National University, Yeonsu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Min-Seong Ha
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Sports Science, College of the Arts and Sports, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chorphaka Damrongthai
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hikaru Koizumi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Okamoto M, Shimoda R, Amaya Y, Soya S, Soya M, Koizumi H, Nakamura K, Hiraga T, Torma F, Soya H. Accelerated Fear Extinction by Regular Light-Intensity Exercise: A Possible Role of Hippocampal BDNF-TrkB Signaling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:221-229. [PMID: 38214538 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing concern exists worldwide about stress-related mental disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often linked to hippocampal dysfunctions. Recognizing this connection, regular light-intensity exercise (LIE)-such as yoga, walking, or slow jogging-may offer a solution. Easily accessible even to vulnerable individuals, LIE has been found to enhance hippocampus-based cognitive functions through the stimulation of neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A prior study that demonstrated BDNF's role in extinguishing original fear memory further leads us to propose that a consistent LIE training might drive fear extinction learning, offering potential therapeutic benefits through BDNF signaling. METHODS Eleven-week-old Wistar rats underwent 4 wk of training under conditions of sedentary, LIE, or moderate-intensity exercise (MOE) after contextual or auditory fear conditioning. Subsequently, fear extinction tests were performed. We then administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) ANA-12, a selective antagonist of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), or a vehicle to explore the role of BDNF signaling in exercise-induced fear extinction among the LIE rats. Following the regular exercise training, further fear extinction tests were conducted, and hippocampal protein analysis was performed using Western blotting. RESULTS Both LIE and MOE over 4 wk accelerated hippocampus-associated contextual fear extinction compared with sedentary. In addition, 4 wk of LIE with i.p. administered vehicle increased hippocampal BDNF and TrkB protein levels. In contrast, i.p. ANA-12 administration fully blocked the LIE-enhanced protein levels and its effect on contextual fear extinction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that LIE regimen promotes fear extinction learning, at least partially tied to hippocampal BDNF-TrkB signaling. This suggests that even regular light exercise could alleviate the excessive fear response in anxiety disorders and PTSD, providing hope for those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryo Shimoda
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Yuki Amaya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Shingo Soya
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Mariko Soya
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JAPAN
| | - Hikaru Koizumi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Kengo Nakamura
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Taichi Hiraga
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
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Suwabe K, Kuwamizu R, Hyodo K, Yoshikawa T, Otsuki T, Zempo-Miyaki A, Yassa MA, Soya H. Improvement of mnemonic discrimination with acute light exercise is mediated by pupil-linked arousal in healthy older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:107-114. [PMID: 37939430 PMCID: PMC10843052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise has positive impacts on hippocampal memory decline with aging. One of the postulated neurobiological mechanisms of the decline is reduced catecholaminergic projections from the locus coeruleus to the hippocampus. Recent human studies revealed that very light exercise rapidly enhances memory and pupil diameter, which suggests that light exercise may improve memory via neural circuits involved in the ascending arousal system, including the locus coeruleus, even in older adults. Thus, we aimed to clarify the effects of a single bout of light-intensity exercise (60% ventilatory threshold) on mnemonic discrimination performance, an index of hippocampal memory function, in healthy older adults using a randomized crossover design. Pupil diameter was measured during exercise as a physiological marker of the ascending arousal system. Discrimination of highly similar stimuli to the targets improved after exercise when compared to the resting control performance. Importantly, causal mediation analysis showed that pupil dilation during exercise mediated the memory improvement. These results suggest that brief light exercise rapidly enhances memory, possibly by upregulating the ascending arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Suwabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan; Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Otsuki
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asako Zempo-Miyaki
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Fukuie T, Suwabe K, Kawase S, Shimizu T, Ochi G, Kuwamizu R, Sakairi Y, Soya H. Groove Rhythm Enhances Exercise Impact on Prefrontal Cortex Function in Groove Enjoyers. Neuroscience 2023; 531:117-129. [PMID: 37678588 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A positive affective response modulates the effects of aerobic exercise on prefrontal executive function (EF). Groove rhythm (GR), eliciting the feeling of wanting to move to music, is useful for inducing positive affective response during exercise. Three minutes of listening to GR activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC) and enhanced EF in participants who had higher psychological responses to GR. This finding prompted us to test the hypothesis that the combination of GR and exercise (GREX) induces positive psychological responses that enhance PFC function through entrainment of body movements and musical beats. 41 participants were administered two experimental conditions: three min of very light-intensity (30% V̇ O2peak) exercise combined with GR and combined with a white-noise metronome (WMEX). Before and after exercise, participants performed a Stroop task and were monitored for l-DLPFC activity with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. GREX enhanced EF and l-DLPFC activity in participants who experienced greater subjective feelings of audiomotor entrainment and increased excitement with GREX. These psychological responses were predictive of the impact of GREX on l-DLPFC activity and EF. These findings, together with previous results, support the hypothesis that GR allows us to boost the cognitive benefits of exercise via l-DLPFC activity only in those who enjoy groove, and suggest that subjective audiomotor entrainment is a key mechanism of this boosting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; School of Nursing and Social Services, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawase
- Faculty of Psychology, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- School of Information and Communication, Meiji University, Tokyo 101-8301, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakairi
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
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5
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Zou L, Herold F, Ludyga S, Kamijo K, Müller NG, Pontifex MB, Heath M, Kuwamizu R, Soya H, Hillman CH, Ando S, Alderman BL, Cheval B, Kramer AF. Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance? J Sport Health Sci 2023; 12:568-591. [PMID: 37148971 PMCID: PMC10466196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance. To better understand those mechanisms, several studies have employed eye-based measures (e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades, pupillary measures such as pupil dilation, and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter) deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological mechanisms. However, there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition science. Thus, this review aimed to address that gap in the literature. METHODS To identify eligible studies, we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23, 2022. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX scale, for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (for cross-sectional studies). RESULTS Our systematic review (n = 35 studies) offers the following main findings: (a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures; (b) the evidence that pupillometric measures, which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system, can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed; (c) physical training- or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system (operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are, in general, positively associated with cognitive performance improvements; (d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure of executive function (operationalized via antisaccade tasks); and (e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system (operationalized via spontaneous eye-blink rate). CONCLUSION This systematic review offers confirmation that eye-based measures can provide valuable insight into the neurobiological mechanisms that may drive positive associations between physical activity and fitness and measures of cognitive performance. However, due to the limited number of studies utilizing specific methods for obtaining eye-based measures (e.g., pupillometry, retinal vessel analysis, spontaneous eye blink rate) or investigating a possible dose-response relationship, further research is necessary before more nuanced conclusions can be drawn. Given that eye-based measures are economical and non-invasive, we hope this review will foster the future application of eye-based measures in the field of exercise-cognition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan
| | - Notger G Müller
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Matthew Heath
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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6
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Kuwamizu R, Yamazaki Y, Aoike N, Hiraga T, Hata T, Yassa MA, Soya H. Pupil dynamics during very light exercise predict benefits to prefrontal cognition. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120244. [PMID: 37353097 PMCID: PMC10788147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise, even stress-free very-light-intensity exercise such as yoga and very slow running, can have beneficial effects on executive function, possibly by potentiating prefrontal cortical activity. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this potentiation have not been identified. Evidence from studies using pupillometry demonstrates that pupil changes track the real-time dynamics of activity linked to arousal and attention, including neural circuits from the locus coeruleus to the cortex. This makes it possible to examine whether pupil-linked brain dynamics induced during very-light-intensity exercise mediate benefits to prefrontal executive function in healthy young adults. In this experiment, pupil diameter was measured during 10 min of very-light-intensity exercise (30% V˙o2peak). A Stroop task was used to assess executive function before and after exercise. Prefrontal cortical activation during the task was assessed using multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We observed that very-light-intensity exercise significantly elicited pupil dilation, reduction of Stroop interference, and task-related left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation compared with the resting-control condition. The magnitude of change in pupil dilation predicted the magnitude of improvement in Stroop performance. In addition, causal mediation analysis showed that pupil dilation during very-light-intensity exercise robustly determined subsequent enhancement of Stroop performance. This finding supports our hypothesis that the pupil-linked mechanisms, which may be tied to locus coeruleus activation, are a potential mechanism by which very light exercise enhances prefrontal cortex activation and executive function. It also suggests that pupillometry may be a useful tool to interpret the beneficial impact of exercise on boosting cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Naoki Aoike
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Taichi Hiraga
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hata
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior and Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92679-3800, USA
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
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7
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Yamazaki Y, Suwabe K, Nagano-Saito A, Saotome K, Kuwamizu R, Hiraga T, Torma F, Suzuki K, Sankai Y, Yassa MA, Soya H. A possible contribution of the locus coeruleus to arousal enhancement with mild exercise: evidence from pupillometry and neuromelanin imaging. Cereb Cortex Commun 2023; 4:tgad010. [PMID: 37323937 PMCID: PMC10267300 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute mild exercise has been observed to facilitate executive function and memory. A possible underlying mechanism of this is the upregulation of the ascending arousal system, including the catecholaminergic system originating from the locus coeruleus (LC). Prior work indicates that pupil diameter, as an indirect marker of the ascending arousal system, including the LC, increases even with very light-intensity exercise. However, it remains unclear whether the LC directly contributes to exercise-induced pupil-linked arousal. Here, we examined the involvement of the LC in the change in pupil dilation induced by very light-intensity exercise using pupillometry and neuromelanin imaging to assess the LC integrity. A sample of 21 young males performed 10 min of very light-intensity exercise, and we measured changes in the pupil diameters and psychological arousal levels induced by the exercise. Neuromelanin-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were also obtained. We observed that pupil diameter and psychological arousal levels increased during very light-intensity exercise, which is consistent with previous findings. Notably, the LC contrast, a marker of LC integrity, predicted the magnitude of pupil dilation and psychological arousal enhancement with exercise. These relationships suggest that the LC-catecholaminergic system is a potential a mechanism for pupil-linked arousal induced by very light-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tannoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, 120 Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 301-0844, Japan
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tannoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Ushiku Aiwa General Hospital, 896 Inoko-cho, Ushiku, Ibaraki 300-1296, Japan
| | - Kousaku Saotome
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tannoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Hiraga
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tannoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Ferenc Torma
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tannoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sankai
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92679-3800, United States
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92679-3800, United States
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Corresponding author: Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
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8
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Chroboczek M, Kujach S, Łuszczyk M, Soya H, Laskowski R. Exercise-Induced Elevated BDNF Concentration Seems to Prevent Cognitive Impairment after Acute Exposure to Moderate Normobaric Hypoxia among Young Men. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3629. [PMID: 36834322 PMCID: PMC9961746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Memory impairment, reduced learning ability, decreased concentration, and psychomotor performance can be all signs of deleterious impact of hypoxia on cognitive functioning. In turn, physical exercise can improve performance and enhance cognitive functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the potential positive effects of exercise performed under normobaric hypoxia can counteract the negative effects of hypoxia on cognitive function, and whether these changes correlate with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. Seventeen healthy subjects participated in a crossover study where they performed two sessions of single breathing bouts combined with moderate intensity exercise under two conditions: normoxia (NOR EX) and normobaric hypoxia (NH EX). To assess cognitive function, Stroop test was applied. There were no significant differences in any part of the Stroop interference test regardless of the conditions (NOR, NH), despite a statistical decrease in SpO2 (p < 0.0001) under normobaric hypoxic conditions. In addition, a statistical increase (p < 0.0001) in BDNF concentration was observed after both conditions. Acute exercise under normobaric hypoxia did not impair cognitive function despite a significant decrease in SpO2. Exercise in such conditions may offset the negative effects of hypoxia alone on cognitive function. This may be related to the significant increase in BDNF concentration and, as a consequence, positively affect the executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chroboczek
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwester Kujach
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Łuszczyk
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Radosław Laskowski
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
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9
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Kuwamizu R, Yamazaki Y, Aoike N, Ochi G, Suwabe K, Soya H. Pupil-linked arousal with very light exercise: pattern of pupil dilation during graded exercise. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:23. [DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough it has been hypothesized that moderate to vigorous exercise immediately modulates cognition via ascending arousal system activation, such activation during very-light to light exercise has remained uncertain. Here, we aimed to uncover the exact exercise intensity necessary for ascending arousal system activation using pupillometry. The pupil diameter, psychological arousal, and ventilation during graded exercise of 26 young males were analyzed based on %$${\dot{V}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}}$$
V
˙
O
2peak
. Pupils dilated with very-light exercise compared to rest, stabilized, and then drastically increased again with moderate exercise and above. Pupil dilation with very-light exercise was positively correlated with increases in psychological arousal. Thus, we have shown that there are two phases of pupil dilation during graded exercise: one with very-light exercise coinciding with psychological arousal response, and the other with moderate exercise or above similar to the ventilation increase pattern. This unique pupil dilation pattern provides physiological evidence of ascending arousal system activation with very-light exercise.
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10
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Chen FT, Soya H, Yassa MA, Li RH, Chu CH, Chen AG, Hung CL, Chang YK. Effects of exercise types on white matter microstructure in late midlife adults: Preliminary results from a diffusion tensor imaging study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:943992. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.943992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher aerobic fitness during late midlife is associated with higher white matter (WM) microstructure. Compared with individuals engaged in irregular exercise, those who engage in regular aerobic exercise show higher fractional anisotropy (FA), a diffusion tenor imaging (DTI) measure that provides an index of WM microstructural integrity. However, whether other types of exercise, such as Tai Chi, can also facilitate WM changes in adults during late midlife remains unknown. The present study compares two types of exercise, Tai Chi and walking, with a sedentary control group, in order to examine the effects of exercise on WM microstructure and determine the regional specificity of WM differences. Thirty-six healthy adults between the ages of 55 and 65 years participated in the study. Based on the participants’ exercise habits, they were allocated into three groups: Tai Chi, walking, or sedentary control. All participants were required to complete physical fitness measurements and completed magnetic reasoning imaging (MRI) scans. Our results revealed that the Tai Chi group exhibited a higher FA value in the left cerebral peduncle, compared to the sedentary control group. We also observed that both the Tai Chi and walking groups exhibited higher FA values in the right uncinate fasciculus and the left external capsule, in comparison to the sedentary control group. Increased FA values in these regions was positively correlated with higher levels of physical fitness measurements (i.e., peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak], muscular endurance/number of push-up, agility, power). These findings collectively suggest that regular exercise is associated with improved WM microstructural integrity, regardless of the exercise type, which could guide the development and application of future prevention and intervention strategies designed to address age-related cognitive impairments during late midlife.
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11
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Chroboczek M, Kujach S, Łuszczyk M, Grzywacz T, Soya H, Laskowski R. Acute Normobaric Hypoxia Lowers Executive Functions among Young Men despite Increase of BDNF Concentration. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10802. [PMID: 36078520 PMCID: PMC9518314 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased SpO2 during hypoxia can cause cognitive function impairment, and the effects of acute hypoxia on high-order brain functions such as executive processing remain unclear. This study's goal was to examine the impact of an acute normobaric hypoxia breathing session on executive function and biological markers. METHODS Thirty-two healthy subjects participated in a blind study performing two sessions of single 30 min breathing bouts under two conditions (normoxia (NOR) and normobaric hypoxia (NH), FIO2 = 0.135). The Stroop test was applied to assess cognitive function. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in the Stroop interference in the "reading" part of the test in either condition; however, there was a significant increase in the "naming" part under NH conditions (p = 0.003), which corresponded to a significant decrease in SpO2 (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase (p < 0.013) in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level after NH conditions compared to the baseline, which was not seen in NOR. In addition, a significant drop (p < 0.001) in cortisol levels in the NOR group and a slight elevation in the NH group was noticed. CONCLUSIONS According to these findings, acute hypoxia delayed cognitive processing for motor execution and reduced the neural activity in motor executive and inhibitory processing. We also noted that this negative effect was associated with decreased SpO2 irrespective of a rise in BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chroboczek
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwester Kujach
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marcin Łuszczyk
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzywacz
- Department of Sport, Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Radosław Laskowski
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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12
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Ochi G, Kuwamizu R, Suwabe K, Fukuie T, Hyodo K, Soya H. Cognitive fatigue due to exercise under normobaric hypoxia is related to hypoxemia during exercise. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9835. [PMID: 35764684 PMCID: PMC9240057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that a 10-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise (50% maximal oxygen uptake) under normobaric and hypoxic conditions (fraction of inspired oxygen [[Formula: see text]] = 0.135) reduced executive performance and neural activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). To examine whether this cognitive fatigue is due to a decrease in SpO2 during exercise, we compared executive performance and related prefrontal activation between two experimental conditions, in which the participants inhaled normobaric hypoxic gas ([Formula: see text]= 0.135) (hypoxic exercise [HE]) or hypoxic gas adjusted so that SpO2 during exercise remained at the resting level (milder hypoxic exercise [ME]). ME condition showed that reaction time in executive performance decreased (t[13] = 2.228, P < 0.05, d = 0.34, paired t-test) and left DLPFC activity increased (t[13] = -2.376, P < 0.05, d = 0.63, paired t-test) after exercise compared with HE condition. These results showed that the HE-induced reductions in the left DLPFC activity and executive performance were both suppressed in the ME condition, supporting the hypothesis that exercise-induced cognitive fatigue under hypoxic environment is due to hypoxemia during exercise. This may lead to the development of a method of coping with cognitive fatigue due to exercise that causes hypoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Ochi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan.,Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, 301-8555, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, 192-0001, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan. .,Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
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13
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Jesmin S, Shima T, Soya M, Takahashi K, Omura K, Ogura K, Koizumi H, Soya H. Long-term light and moderate exercise intervention similarly prevent both hippocampal and glycemic dysfunction in presymptomatic type 2 diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E219-E230. [PMID: 34957860 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00326.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A prediabetic population has an increased risk of cognitive decline and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated whether the progression of memory dysfunction and dysregulated brain glycogen metabolism is prevented with 4 mo of exercise intervention from the presymptomatic stage in a T2DM rat model. Memory function and biochemical and molecular profiles were assessed in the presymptomatic stage of Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats, a T2DM model, with Long-Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats as genetic control. These rats were subjected to light- or moderate-intensity treadmill running for 4 mo with repetition of the same experiments. Significant hippocampal-dependent memory dysfunction was observed in the presymptomatic stage of OLETF rats, accompanied by downregulated levels of hippocampal monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2), a neuronal lactate-transporter, without alteration in hippocampal glycogen levels. Four months of light or moderate exercise from the presymptomatic stage of T2DM normalized glycemic parameters and hippocampal molecular normalization through MCT2, glycogen, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels with the improvement of memory dysfunction in OLETF rats. A 4-mo exercise regimen from the presymptomatic stage of T2DM at a light and moderate intensities contributed to the prevention of the development of T2DM and the progression of cognitive decline with hippocampal lactate-transport and BDNF improvement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for hippocampal memory dysfunction, which would progress since the prediabetic stage. We found that 4 mo of exercise both at the light and moderate intensity prevented the progression of memory dysfunction with an improvement of hippocampal MCT2 expression in presymptomatic diabetes, implying that light intensity exercise could be a therapeutic approach, and the alteration of hippocampal MCT2 would be a therapeutic target of memory dysfunction from presymptomatic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrina Jesmin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeru Shima
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mariko Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Takahashi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koki Omura
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kasane Ogura
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hikaru Koizumi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Aoki A, Togoobaatar G, Tseveenjav A, Nyam N, Zuunnast K, Lkhagvasuren G, Shagdar BE, Mori R, Kikuchi A, Soya H, Kasai K, Takehara K. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with mental health problems among Mongolian elementary school children. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:791-803. [PMID: 34595562 PMCID: PMC8483169 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lifestyle factors of children and adolescents' mental health problems are an emerging health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a lack of studies on lifestyle factors in LMICs. This study examined the socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with mental health problems among school-age children in Mongolia. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4th-year students at public elementary schools in one district in Ulaanbaatar. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and a self-administrated socioeconomic and lifestyle questionnaire were completed by participants' guardians. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS Of the 2301 children surveyed, 1694 without missing responses were included in the analysis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.64 (1.29-2.10)], low maternal education [AOR 1.89 (1.16-3.05)], short sleep [AOR 1.41 (1.10-1.80)], no physical activity [AOR 1.31 (1.03-1.67)], and long screen time (AOR 1.53 (1.20-1.94)) were associated with high risk of mental health problems. Low maternal education, low household income, no physical activity habit, and long screen time were associated with internalising problems. Meanwhile, male gender, low maternal education, and long screen time were associated with externalising problems. CONCLUSION The results are consistent with previous studies in high-income countries, indicating that there are globally common socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors. The findings of this study may help develop a targeted preventive intervention for high-risk groups, such as socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, as well as a universal preventive intervention to foster a healthy lifestyle in Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Aoki
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ganchimeg Togoobaatar
- Faculty of Medicine, Global Health Nursing, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Anudari Tseveenjav
- School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ,Global Leadership University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Naranbaatar Nyam
- School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Khishigsuren Zuunnast
- Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Bat-Erdene Shagdar
- Mongolian National Institute of Physical Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Rintaro Mori
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihito Kikuchi
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan ,Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Takahashi K, Shima T, Soya M, Yook JS, Koizumi H, Jesmin S, Saito T, Okamoto M, Soya H. Exercise-Induced Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Response Is Cooperatively Regulated by Hypothalamic Arginine Vasopressin and Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:894-903. [PMID: 34847565 DOI: 10.1159/000521237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise becomes a stress when performed at an intensity above the lactate threshold (LT) because at that point the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a marker of stress response, increases. It is possible that the exercise-induced ACTH response is regulated at least by arginine vasopressin (AVP) and possibly by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), but this remains unclear. To clarify the involvement of these factors, it is useful to intervene pharmacologically in the regulatory mechanisms, with a physiologically acceptable exercise model. METHODS We used a special stress model of treadmill running (aerobic exercise) for male Wistar rats, which mimic the human physiological response, where plasma ACTH levels increase at just above the LT for 30 min. Animals were administered the AVP V1b receptor antagonist SSR149415 (SSR) and/or the CRH type 1 receptor antagonist CP154526 (CP) intraperitoneally before the exercise, which allowed the monitoring of exercise-induced ACTH response. Immunohistochemical evaluation of activated AVP and CRH neurons with exercise was performed for the animals' hypothalami. RESULTS A single injection of either antagonist, SSR or CP, resulted in inhibited ACTH levels after exercise stress. Moreover, the combined injection of SSR and CP strongly suppressed ACTH secretion during treadmill running to a greater extent than each alone. The running-exercise-induced activation of both AVP and CRH neurons in the hypothalamus was also confirmed. CONCLUSION These results lead us to hypothesize that AVP and CRH are cooperatively involved in exercise-induced ACTH response just above the LT. This may also reflect the stress response with moderate-intensity exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Takahashi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeru Shima
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mariko Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jang Soo Yook
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hikaru Koizumi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Childhood and Education, Shizuoka University of Welfare, Yaizu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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16
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Damrongthai C, Kuwamizu R, Suwabe K, Ochi G, Yamazaki Y, Fukuie T, Adachi K, Yassa MA, Churdchomjan W, Soya H. Benefit of human moderate running boosting mood and executive function coinciding with bilateral prefrontal activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22657. [PMID: 34811374 PMCID: PMC8608901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Running, compared to pedaling is a whole-body locomotive movement that may confer more mental health via strongly stimulating brains, although running impacts on mental health but their underlying brain mechanisms have yet to be determined; since almost the mechanistic studies have been done with pedaling. We thus aimed at determining the acute effect of a single bout of running at moderate-intensity, the most popular condition, on mood and executive function as well as their neural substrates in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Twenty-six healthy participants completed both a 10-min running session on a treadmill at 50%[Formula: see text] and a resting control session in randomized order. Executive function was assessed using the Stroop interference time from the color-word matching Stroop task (CWST) and mood was assessed using the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale, before and after both sessions. Prefrontal hemodynamic changes while performing the CWST were investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Running resulted in significant enhanced arousal and pleasure level compared to control. Running also caused significant greater reduction of Stroop interference time and increase in Oxy-Hb signals in bilateral PFCs. Besides, we found a significant association among pleasure level, Stroop interference reaction time, and the left dorsolateral PFCs: important brain loci for inhibitory control and mood regulation. To our knowledge, an acute moderate-intensity running has the beneficial of inducing a positive mood and enhancing executive function coinciding with cortical activation in the prefrontal subregions involved in inhibitory control and mood regulation. These results together with previous findings with pedaling imply the specificity of moderate running benefits promoting both cognition and pleasant mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorphaka Damrongthai
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574 Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan ,grid.412665.20000 0000 9427 298XFaculty of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000 Thailand
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574 Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan ,grid.444632.30000 0001 2288 8205Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, 301-8555 Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan ,grid.412183.d0000 0004 0635 1290Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198 Japan
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- grid.412021.40000 0004 1769 5590School of Nursing and Social Services, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, 061-0293 Japan
| | - Kazutaka Adachi
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Applied Anatomy, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574 Japan
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92679-3800 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92679-3800 USA
| | - Worachat Churdchomjan
- grid.412665.20000 0000 9427 298XFaculty of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000 Thailand
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan. .,Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
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17
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Takehara K, Togoobaatar G, Kikuchi A, Lkhagvasuren G, Lkhagvasuren A, Aoki A, Fukuie T, Shagdar BE, Suwabe K, Mikami M, Mori R, Soya H. Exercise Intervention for Academic Achievement Among Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics 2021; 148:peds.2021-052808. [PMID: 34663681 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical inactivity is an important health concern worldwide. In this study, we examined the effects of an exercise intervention on children's academic achievement, cognitive function, physical fitness, and other health-related outcomes. METHODS We conducted a population-based cluster randomized controlled trial among 2301 fourth-grade students from 10 of 11 public primary schools in 1 district of Ulaanbaatar between February and December 2018. Schools were allocated to an intervention or control group with 5 schools each by using urban and mixed residential area stratified block randomization. The intervention group received a 3-minute high-intensity interval exercise program that included jumps, squats, and various steps implemented twice weekly over 10 weeks for 10 to 25 minutes per session. The control group received the usual physical education class. The primary outcome was academic achievement assessed by scores on the national examination. A linear mixed-effects model was applied. The difference between preintervention and post intervention was compared by least-squares means, estimated on the basis of the interaction of group, measurement time point, and school location. Only 1 statistician, responsible for the analysis, was blinded. RESULTS Of 2301 students, 2101 (1069 intervention; 1032 control) were included in the analysis. Intervention group members in an urban area showed an 8.36-point improvement (95% confidence interval: 6.06 to 10.66) in academic scores when compared with the control group, whereas those in a mixed residential area showed a 9.55-point improvement (95% confidence interval: 6.58 to 12.51). No intervention-associated injuries were observed. CONCLUSIONS The exercise program significantly improved children's academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akihito Kikuchi
- Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance
| | | | | | - Ai Aoki
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bat-Erdene Shagdar
- Mongolian National Institute of Physical Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance
| | | | - Rintaro Mori
- Asia and the Pacific Regional Office, United Nations Population Fund, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance.,Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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18
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Hyodo K, Suwabe K, Yamaguchi D, Soya H, Arao T. Comparison Between the Effects of Continuous and Intermittent Light-Intensity Aerobic Dance Exercise on Mood and Executive Functions in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:723243. [PMID: 34764863 PMCID: PMC8577647 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.723243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that one bout of moderate-intensity exercise enhances executive functions in older adults. However, in terms of safety, feasibility, and continuity, older individuals prefer light, easy, and fun exercises to moderate and stressful exercises for improving executive functions. Therefore, light-intensity aerobic dance exercise (LADE) could be suitable if it produces potential benefits related to executive functions. As for continuous vs. intermittent exercise, intermittent exercise has received a lot of attention, as it results in greater effects on mood and executive functions than continuous exercise; however, its effects in older adults remain uncertain. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the acute effects of intermittent LADE (I-LADE) in comparison with those of continuous LADE (C-LADE) on mood and executive functions. Fifteen healthy older adults participated in 10-min I-LADE and C-LADE conditions on separate days. Perceived enjoyment following exercise was assessed using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). The pleasantness of the mood during exercise and pleasure and arousal levels after exercise were assessed using the Feeling Scale and Two-Dimensional Mood Scale, respectively. Executive function was assessed using the Stroop task before and after exercise. As a result, pleasantness of the mood during exercise and exercise enjoyment levels were greater in I-LADE than in C-LADE. Arousal and pleasure levels and Stroop task performance increased after both LADEs and did not differ between the two exercise conditions. These findings suggest that although enhancement of mood and executive functions after exercise did not differ between C-LADE and I-LADE, I-LADE could be more enjoyable and fun than C-LADE. This study will help in the development of exercise conditions that can enable the elderly to enhance their executive functions in a fun way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hyodo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamaguchi
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Arao
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Kuwamizu R, Suwabe K, Damrongthai C, Fukuie T, Ochi G, Hyodo K, Hiraga T, Nagano-Saito A, Soya H. Spontaneous Eye Blink Rate Connects Missing Link between Aerobic Fitness and Cognition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1425-1433. [PMID: 33433152 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Higher aerobic fitness, a physiological marker of habitual physical activity, is likely to predict higher executive function based on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), according to current cross-sectional studies. The exact biological link between the brain and the brawn remains unclear, but the brain dopaminergic system, which acts as a driving force for physical activity and exercise, can be hypothesized to connect the missing link above. Recently, spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) was proposed and has been used as a potential, noninvasive marker of brain dopaminergic activity in the neuroscience field. To address the hypothesis above, we sought to determine whether sEBR is a mediator of the association between executive function and aerobic fitness. METHODS Thirty-five healthy young males (18-24 yr old) had their sEBR measured while staring at a fixation cross while at rest. They underwent an aerobic fitness assessment using a graded exercise test to exhaustion and performed a color-word Stroop task as an index of executive function. Stroop task-related cortical activation in the left dorsolateral PFC (l-DLPFC) was monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations among higher aerobic fitness, less Stroop interference, and higher sEBR. Moreover, mediation analyses showed that sEBR significantly mediated the association between aerobic fitness and Stroop interference. In addition, higher sEBR was correlated with higher neural efficiency of the l-DLPFC (i.e., executive function was high, and the corresponding l-DLPFC activation was relatively low). CONCLUSION These results indicate that the sEBR mediates the association between aerobic fitness and executive function through prefrontal neural efficiency, which clearly supports the hypothesis that brain dopaminergic function works to connect, at least in part, the missing link between aerobic fitness and executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | | | | | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | | | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Taichi Hiraga
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
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20
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Takahashi K, Shima T, Soya M, Oharomari LK, Okamoto M, Soya H. Differences in exercise capacity and physiological responses in Wistar rats among breeders. Exp Anim 2021; 70:508-513. [PMID: 34176861 PMCID: PMC8614012 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal experiments aimed at extrapolation to humans, it is essential to ensure the reproducibility of experiments and universality between animals and humans. However, among animals with
the same generic name but from different breeders, which is to say different stocks, even resting physiological conditions, such as genetics, do not coincide, and, therefore, exercise
capacity and physiological responses may also vary. To address this issue, we examined the differences in exercise capacity and exercise-induced metabolic and endocrine responses among
stocks of Wistar rats using an established treadmill running model for rodents, which mimics physiological responses in humans. Wistar rats from four breeders were acclimated to treadmill
running and then had a catheter inserted into their external jugular veins. Subsequently, the rats were subjected to an incremental treadmill running test (IRT). We found that there were
significant differences in the exercise capacity among Wistar rats from different breeders. Additionally, the dynamics of blood lactate, glucose, and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels
during the IRT were found to vary among the Wistar rats from different breeders; only one stock showed human-type exercise-induced physiological responses. These results indicate that Wistar
rats could have different capacities for and physiological responses to the same exercise depending on their stocks. Thus, the selection of the stock of experimental animals may affect the
validity of the results when verifying exercise effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Takahashi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Takeru Shima
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University
| | - Mariko Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Leandro Kansuke Oharomari
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.,Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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21
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Okamoto M, Mizuuchi D, Omura K, Lee M, Oharazawa A, Yook JS, Inoue K, Soya H. High-intensity Intermittent Training Enhances Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Neurogenesis Associated with BDNF Signaling in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4386-4397. [PMID: 33982757 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity intermittent (or interval) training (HIIT) has started to gain popularity as a time-effective approach to providing beneficial effects to the brain and to peripheral organs. However, it still remains uncertain whether HIIT enhances hippocampal functions in terms of neurogenesis and spatial memory due to unconsidered HIIT protocol for rodents. Here, we established the HIIT regimen for rats with reference to human study. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to Control, moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 20 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 times/week), and HIIT (60 m/min, 10 30-s bouts of exercise, interspaced with 2.5 min of recovery, 5 times/week) groups. The ratios of exercise time and volume between MICT and HIIT were set as 6:1 and 2:1-4:1, respectively. After 4 weeks of training, all-out time in the incremental exercise test was prolonged for exercise training. In skeletal muscle, the plantaris citrate synthase activity significantly increased only in the HIIT group. Simultaneously, both HIIT and MICT led to enhanced spatial memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as well as enhanced protein levels of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Collectively, we suggest that HIIT could be a time-efficient exercise protocol that enhances hippocampal memory and neurogenesis in rats and is associated with hippocampal BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizuuchi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Koki Omura
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Minchul Lee
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihiko Oharazawa
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Jang Soo Yook
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Koshiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
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22
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Aoki A, Ganchimeg T, Naranbaatar N, Khishigsuren Z, Gundegmaa L, Bat-Erdene S, Munkhbaatar B, Mori R, Kikuchi A, Soya H, Kasai K, Takehara K. Validation of the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen mental health problems among school-age children in Mongolia. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:218. [PMID: 33926396 PMCID: PMC8086060 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child and adolescent mental health problems are urgent health issues in low- and middle-income countries. To promote child and adolescent mental health services, simple validated screening tools are helpful. In Mongolia, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), an internationally used child and adolescent mental health screening tool for children aged 4-17, was translated but not yet validated. To use the questionnaire appropriately, validation is necessary. METHODS Children at 4th year at elementary school (community sample) and children visited psychiatric outpatient service (clinical sample) were recruited and their parental version of the SDQ was compared. The discriminating ability of the parental version of the SDQ was examined using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis on the SDQ total difficulties score. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used as a measure. Cut-off score was determined by normative banding that categorizes children with the highest 10% score range as abnormal and the second highest 10% as borderline following the original method; this cut-off score was compared with the cut-off score candidates with good balance between sensitivity and specificity using ROC analysis. RESULTS We included 2301 children in the community sample, and 429 children in the clinical sample. Mean age was 9.7 years (SD 0.4, range 8.3-12.0) among the community sample and 10.4 years (SD 3.8, range 4.0-17.8) among the clinical sample. The mean total difficulties score was 12.9 (SD 4.8) among the community sample and 20.4 (SD 6.2) among the clinical sample. A total of 88.8% of the community sample and 98.8% of the clinical sample answered the SDQ. Using ROC analysis, the AUC was 0.82 (95% confident interval 0.80-0.85), which meant moderate discriminating ability. Using normative banding, the borderline cut-off score was 16/17 and abnormal cut-off score was 19/20. For cut-off scores of 16/17 and 19/20, sensitivity was 71.9 and 53.8% and specificity was 78.5 and 90.5%, respectively. The cut-off score candidates by ROC analysis were 16/17 and 17/18. CONCLUSIONS The parental version of the SDQ had moderate discriminating ability among Mongolian school-age children. For the screening of mental health problems among community children, cut-off score of 16/17 is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Aoki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Tokyo, Setagaya, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Togoobaatar Ganchimeg
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Department of Global Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Nyam Naranbaatar
- grid.444534.6School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ard Ayush street, Ulaanbaatar -26. P.O.Box – 188, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Zuunnast Khishigsuren
- grid.444534.6Department of Mental Health, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, S.Zorig street, P.O.Box – 48/11, Ulaanbaatar, 14210 Mongolia
| | - Lkagvasuren Gundegmaa
- Mongolian National Institute of Physical Education, P.O. Box-224, Ulaanbaatar-13, Mongolia
| | - Shagdar Bat-Erdene
- Mongolian National Institute of Physical Education, P.O. Box-224, Ulaanbaatar-13, Mongolia
| | - Bolorchimeg Munkhbaatar
- grid.444534.6School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ard Ayush street, Ulaanbaatar -26. P.O.Box – 188, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Rintaro Mori
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8303 Japan
| | - Akihito Kikuchi
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, ARIHHP, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Sports Neuroscience Division, ARIHHP, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan ,grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, Bunkyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kenji Takehara
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Tokyo, Setagaya 157-8535 Japan
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23
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Koizumi H, Hiraga T, Oharomari LK, Hata T, Shima T, Yook JS, Okamoto M, Mouri A, Nabeshima T, Soya H. Preventive role of regular low-intensity exercise during adolescence in schizophrenia model mice with abnormal behaviors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:610-616. [PMID: 33228965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is probably ascribed to perinatal neurodevelopmental deficits, and its onset might be affected by environmental factors. Hypofrontality with glutamatergic and dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction are known factors, but a way to mitigate abnormalities remains unfound. An early enriched environment such as a wheel running in rodents may contribute to the prevention, but its clinical applicability is very limited. From our studies, low-intensity exercise training (LET) based on physiological indices, such as lactate threshold, easily translates to humans and positively affects the brains. Hence, LET during adolescence may ameliorate abnormalities in neurodevelopment and prevent the development of schizophrenia. In the current study, LET prevented sensitization to phencyclidine (PCP) treatment, impairment of cognition, and affective behavioral abnormalities in an animal model of schizophrenia induced by prenatal PCP treatment. Further, LET increased dopamine turnover and attenuated the impairment of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 after exposure to a novel object in the prenatal PCP-treated mice. These results suggest that LET during adolescence completely improves schizophrenia-like abnormal behaviors associated with improved glutamate uptake and the dopamine-induced ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Koizumi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taichi Hiraga
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Leandro K Oharomari
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hata
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeru Shima
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jang Soo Yook
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation and Development of Pharmaceuticals and Devices, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Laskowski R, Pawlicka P, Anikiej-Wiczenbach P, Łada-Maśko A, Szumilewicz A, Makurat F, Przybylski J, Soya H, Kaźmierczak M. Do Physical Activity and Personality Matter for Hair Cortisol Concentration and Self-Reported Stress in Pregnancy? A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17218050. [PMID: 33139602 PMCID: PMC7663188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Physical activity reduces psychosocial stress in pregnant women. Stress levels might be self-reported (psychosocial) or measured with biomarkers, one of which is hair cortisol concentration (HCC). Additionally, personality has been associated with stress and physical activity. Methods: The first aim of our study was to explore the differences in self-reported stress assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and in HCC with regard to physical activity level in pregnant (N = 29) and non-pregnant (N = 21) women. The second aim was to analyze the correlations among perceived stress, HCC, frequency of exercise and personality in the two groups separately. Results: There was a significant difference in frequency of exercise and self-reported stress between the two groups, with a lower level in pregnant women, but no differences in HCC and in personality were found. In the group of pregnant women, there was a significant negative correlation between HCC and frequency of exercise sessions, with the latter correlating positively with openness to experience. In the group of non-pregnant women, perceived stress negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability. HCC correlated negatively with conscientiousness. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the importance of physical activity programs dedicated to pregnant women for their life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.B.-P.); (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Radosław Laskowski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport; 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Pawlicka
- Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology and Psychology of Gender, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paulina Anikiej-Wiczenbach
- Psychological Counseling for Rare Genetic Diseases Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Ariadna Łada-Maśko
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Anna Szumilewicz
- Department of Fitness, Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Franciszek Makurat
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.B.-P.); (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Jacek Przybylski
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.B.-P.); (F.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Tsukuba, Japan;
| | - Maria Kaźmierczak
- Department of Family Studies and Quality of Life, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
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25
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Miyazaki S, Fujita Y, Oikawa H, Takekoshi H, Soya H, Ogata M, Fujikawa T. Combination of syringaresinol-di-O-β-D-glucoside and chlorogenic acid shows behavioral pharmacological anxiolytic activity and activation of hippocampal BDNF-TrkB signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18177. [PMID: 33097741 PMCID: PMC7584579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental stress, such as anxiety and conflict, causes physiological changes such as dysregulation of autonomic nervous activity, depression, and gastric ulcers. It also induces glucocorticoid production and changes in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. We previously reported that Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS (ASH) exhibited anxiolytic activity. Thus, we attempted to identify the anxiolytic constituents of ASH and investigated its influence on hippocampal BDNF protein expression in male Sprague Dawley rats administered chlorogenic acid (CHA), ( +)-syringaresinol-di-O-β-D-glucoside (SYG), or a mixture of both (Mix) for 1 week using the open field test (OFT) and improved elevated beam walking (IEBW) test. As with ASH and the benzodiazepine anxiolytic cloxazolam (CLO), Mix treatment significantly increased locomotor activity in the OFT. CHA and Mix increased the time spent in the open arm in the IEBW test. SYG and Mix treatment inhibited the significant increase in normalized low-frequency power, indicative of sympathetic nervous activity, and significant decrease in normalized high-frequency power, indicative of parasympathetic nervous activity, as observed in the IEBW test. SYG and Mix treatment significantly increased hippocampal BDNF protein expression. The combination of CHA and SYG possibly induces anxiolytic behavior and modulates autonomic regulation, activates hippocampal BDNF signaling as with ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouhei Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Prophylaxis and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Oikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Mie, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Hideo Takekoshi
- Production and Development Department, Sun Chlorella Corp., 369 Osaka-cho, Karasuma-dori Gojo-sagaru, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8177, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Masato Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry and Proteomics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiko Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Prophylaxis and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Mie, 513-8670, Japan.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Mie, 513-8670, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Proteomics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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Kuwamizu R, Suwabe K, Fukuie T, Ochi G, Hiraga T, Soya H. Is Aerobic Fitness Associated With The Dopaminergic System? Evidence From Spontaneous Eye Blink Rate. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000684528.97627.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Suwabe K, Hyodo K, Fukuie T, Ochi G, Inagaki K, Sakairi Y, Soya H. Positive Mood while Exercising Influences Beneficial Effects of Exercise with Music on Prefrontal Executive Function: A Functional NIRS Study. Neuroscience 2020; 454:61-71. [PMID: 32554109 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Much attention has been focused on physical exercise benefits to mental health such as mood and cognitive function. Our recent studies have consistently shown that a single bout of exercise elicits increased task-related brain activation mainly in the dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which results in improved executive performance. As the DLPFC is associated with the modulation of mood as well as executive function, it is tempting to hypothesize that exercising while in a positive mood would facilitate the beneficial effects of exercise on executive function via DLPFC activation. Thus, we conceived an experiment that used music to elicit a positive mood during exercise. Thirty-three young adults performed ten minutes of moderate-intensity (50% V.O2peak) pedaling exercise with two experimental conditions: listening to music and listening to beeps at a steady tempo. Mood and executive function were respectively assessed using the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale and a color-word-matching Stroop task before and after the exercise sessions. Prefrontal activation during the Stroop task was monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Exercise with music elicited greater enhancement of a positive mood (vitality) than did exercise with beeps. Contrary to our hypothesis, there were no significant differences between conditions in improvement in Stroop task performance and task-related cortical activation in the left-DLPFC. The correlation analyses, however, revealed significant correlations among increased vitality, shortened Stroop interference time and increased activation in the left-DLPFC. These results support the hypothesis that positive mood while exercising influences the benefit of exercise on prefrontal activation and executive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Suwabe
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki 301-8555, Japan; Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuki Inagaki
- Laboratory of Sports Psychology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yosuke Sakairi
- Laboratory of Sports Psychology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
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28
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Budde H, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Soya H. Editorial: Neuromodulation of Exercise: Impact on Different Kinds of Behavior. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:455. [PMID: 32457576 PMCID: PMC7225506 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Sport Neuroscience Division of Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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29
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Kujach S, Olek RA, Byun K, Suwabe K, Sitek EJ, Ziemann E, Laskowski R, Soya H. Acute Sprint Interval Exercise Increases Both Cognitive Functions and Peripheral Neurotrophic Factors in Humans: The Possible Involvement of Lactate. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1455. [PMID: 32038149 PMCID: PMC6989590 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing attention to sprint interval exercise (SIE) training as a time-efficient exercise regime. Recent studies, including our own (Kujach et al., 2018), have shown that acute high-intensity intermittent exercise can improve cognitive function; however, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effect still remain unknown. We thus examined the effects of acute SIE on cognitive function by monitoring the peripheral levels of growth and neurotrophic factors as well as blood lactate (LA) as potential mechanisms. Thirty-six young males participated in the current study and were divided into two groups: SIE (n = 20; mean age: 21.0 ± 0.9 years) and resting control (CTR) (n = 16; mean age: 21.7 ± 1.3 years). The SIE session consisted of 5 min of warm-up exercise and six sets of 30 s of all-out cycling exercise followed by 4.5 min of rest on a cycling-ergometer. Blood samples to evaluate the changes of serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and blood LA were obtained at three time points: before, immediately after, and 60 min after each session. A Stroop task (ST) and trail making test (TMT) parts A and B were used to assess cognitive functions. Acute SIE shortened response times for both the ST and TMT A and B. Meanwhile, the peripheral levels of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF were significantly increased after an acute bout of SIE compared to those in CTR. In response to acute SIE, blood LA levels significantly increased and correlated with increased levels of BDNF, IGF-1, and VEGF. Furthermore, cognitive function and BDNF are found to be correlated. The current results suggest that SIE could have beneficial effects on cognitive functions with increased neuroprotective factors along with peripheral LA concentration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Kujach
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Antoni Olek
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kyeongho Byun
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Division of Sport Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Emilia J Sitek
- Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Neurology Department, St. Adalbert's Hospital, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Laskowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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30
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Abstract
Brain glycogen stored in astrocytes produces lactate as a neuronal energy source transported by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to maintain neuronal functions, such as hippocampus-regulated memory formation. Although exercise activates brain neurons, the role of astrocytic glycogen in the brain during exercise remains unknown. Since muscle glycogen fuels active muscles during exercise, we hypothesized that astrocytic glycogen plays an energetic role in the brain during exercise to maintain endurance capacity through lactate transport. To explore this hypothesis, we have used a rat model of prolonged exercise, microwave irradiation for the accurate detection of brain glycogen, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, and inhibitors of glycogenolysis (1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol; DAB) and lactate transport (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate; 4-CIN). During prolonged exhaustive exercise, muscle glycogen was depleted and brain glycogen decreased when associated with decreased blood glucose levels and increased serotonergic activity known as central fatigue factors, suggesting brain glycogen decrease as an integrative factor for central fatigue. Prolonged exhaustive exercise also increased MCT2 protein in the brain, which takes up lactate in neurons, just as muscle MCTs are increased. Metabolomics revealed that brain but not muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was maintained with lactate and other glycogenolytic and glycolytic sources. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of DAB suppressed brain lactate production and decreased hippocampal ATP levels at exhaustion. An icv injection of 4-CIN also decreased hippocampal ATP, resulting in lower endurance capacity. Our findings provide direct evidence that astrocytic glycogen-derived lactate fuels the brain to maintain endurance capacity during exhaustive exercise. Brain ATP levels maintained by glycogen might serve as a possible defense mechanism for neurons in the exhausted state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsui
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Mariko Soya
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Sport Neuroscience Division, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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31
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Takehara K, Ganchimeg T, Kikuchi A, Gundegmaa L, Altantsetseg L, Aoki A, Fukuie T, Suwabe K, Bat-Erdene S, Mikami M, Mori R, Soya H. The effectiveness of exercise intervention for academic achievement, cognitive function, and physical health among children in Mongolia: a cluster RCT study protocol. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:697. [PMID: 31170967 PMCID: PMC6555710 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have demonstrated positive effects of physical activity on children’s health such as improved cardiorespiratory function and decreased obesity. Physical activity has also been found to have positive effects on academic achievement and cognitive function. However, there are few high quality RCT studies on this topic at present and the findings remain controversial. Methods This protocol describes cluster randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of school-based exercise intervention among children in Mongolia. The intervention consists of 3-min sessions of high intensity interval training combined with music implemented two times a week at school during study periods. The participants are children in the fourth grade in public elementary schools in the Sukhbaatar district in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The participants are cluster randomized by school and allocated either to the intervention or control group. The primary outcome is academic achievement. Secondary outcomes are obesity/overweight, physical fitness function, lifestyle, mental health, and cognitive function. Discussion This cluster-RCT is designed and implemented to assess the effectiveness of exercise intervention on academic achievement, cognitive function, and physical and mental health among school-age children in Mongolia. This study will provide evidence to promote physical activities among children in low- and middle- income countries. Trial registration UMIN: UMIN000031062. Registered on 1st February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takehara
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Togoobaatar Ganchimeg
- Global Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akihito Kikuchi
- Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performacnce (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lkagvasuren Gundegmaa
- Mongolian National Institute of Physical Education, P.O.Box-224, Ikh Toiruu-49, Sukhbaatar district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Lkagvasuren Altantsetseg
- Mongolian National Institute of Physical Education, P.O.Box-224, Ikh Toiruu-49, Sukhbaatar district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ai Aoki
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performacnce (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shagdar Bat-Erdene
- Mongolian National Institute of Physical Education, P.O.Box-224, Ikh Toiruu-49, Sukhbaatar district, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Masashi Mikami
- Division of Biostatistics, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Rintaro Mori
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Sport Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performacnce (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
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Soya H, Okamoto M, Jangsoo Y, Koizumi H. [Mild Exercise Results in Robust Brain Activation and Increased Memory Function]. Brain Nerve 2019; 70:745-752. [PMID: 29997270 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416201075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and enhances memory function. To elucidate optimal exercise, especially exercise intensity, on hippocampus-based cognition, we established treadmill running animal model, in which running speed was defined using the blood lactate threshold (LT). Using this exercise model, we found for the first time that hippocampal neurons were activated after acute mild exercise (ME) below the LT with running stress minimized. In addition, chronic ME enhanced AHN and spatial memory function. We review the beneficial effects of ME and discuss several molecular factors underlying ME-enhanced hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba
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Matsui T, Liu YF, Soya M, Shima T, Soya H. Tyrosine as a Mechanistic-Based Biomarker for Brain Glycogen Decrease and Supercompensation With Endurance Exercise in Rats: A Metabolomics Study of Plasma. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:200. [PMID: 30941004 PMCID: PMC6433992 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain glycogen, localized in astrocytes, produces lactate as an energy source and/or a signal factor to serve neuronal functions involved in memory formation and exercise endurance. In rodents, 4 weeks of chronic moderate exercise-enhancing endurance and cognition increases brain glycogen in the hippocampus and cortex, which is an adaption of brain metabolism achieved through exercise. Although this brain adaptation is likely induced due to the accumulation of acute endurance exercise–induced brain glycogen supercompensation, its molecular mechanisms and biomarkers are unidentified. Since noradrenaline synthesized from blood-borne tyrosine activates not only glycogenolysis but also glycogenesis in astrocytes, we hypothesized that blood tyrosine is a mechanistic-based biomarker of acute exercise–induced brain glycogen supercompensation. To test this hypothesis, we used a rat model of endurance exercise, a microwave irradiation for accurate detection of glycogen in the brain (the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus), and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry–based metabolomics to observe the comprehensive metabolic profile of the blood. Endurance exercise induced fatigue factors such as a decrease in blood glucose, an increase in blood lactate, and the depletion of muscle glycogen, but those parameters recovered to basal levels within 6 h after exercise. Brain glycogen decreased during endurance exercise and showed supercompensation within 6 h after exercise. Metabolomics detected 186 metabolites in the plasma, and 110 metabolites changed significantly during and following exhaustive exercise. Brain glycogen levels correlated negatively with plasma glycogenic amino acids (serine, proline, threonine, glutamate, methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan) (r < −0.9). This is the first study to produce a broad picture of plasma metabolite changes due to endurance exercise–induced brain glycogen supercompensation. Our findings suggest that plasma glycogenic amino acids are sensitive indicators of brain glycogen levels in endurance exercise. In particular, plasma tyrosine as a precursor of brain noradrenaline might be a valuable mechanistic-based biomarker to predict brain glycogen dynamics in endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsui
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mariko Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeru Shima
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Okamato M, Gray JD, Larson CS, Kazim SF, Soya H, McEwen BS, Pereira AC. Correction: Riluzole reduces amyloid beta pathology, improves memory, and restores gene expression changes in a transgenic mouse model of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:61. [PMID: 30718469 PMCID: PMC6362026 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The author's name was spelled incorrectly as "Masahir Okamoto". This has been updated to "Masahiro Okamoto" in the HTML and PDF of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okamato
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA ,0000 0001 2369 4728grid.20515.33Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan
| | - Jason D. Gray
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Chloe S. Larson
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cFishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Syed Faraz Kazim
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cFishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Hideaki Soya
- 0000 0001 2369 4728grid.20515.33Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574 Japan
| | - Bruce S. McEwen
- 0000 0001 2166 1519grid.134907.8Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Ana C. Pereira
- 0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cDepartment of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA ,0000 0001 0670 2351grid.59734.3cFishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
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Suwabe K, Byun K, Hyodo K, Reagh ZM, Roberts JM, Matsushita A, Saotome K, Ochi G, Fukuie T, Suzuki K, Sankai Y, Yassa MA, Soya H. Reply to Gronwald et al.: Exercise intensity does indeed matter; maximal oxygen uptake is the gold-standard indicator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11892-E11893. [PMID: 30559331 PMCID: PMC6304988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818247115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Suwabe
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyeongho Byun
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zachariah M Reagh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jared M Roberts
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Akira Matsushita
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 300-0394 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kousaku Saotome
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sankai
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan;
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan;
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 305-8574 Ibaraki, Japan
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Ochi G, Kanazawa Y, Hyodo K, Suwabe K, Shimizu T, Fukuie T, Byun K, Soya H. Hypoxia-induced lowered executive function depends on arterial oxygen desaturation. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:847-853. [PMID: 29536370 PMCID: PMC10717617 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been traditionally thought that decreasing SpO2 with ascent to high altitudes not only induces acute mountain sickness but also can decrease executive function, the relationship between decreased SpO2 levels and hypoxia-induced lowered executive function is still unclear. Here we aimed to clarify whether hypoxia-induced lowered executive function was associated with arterial oxygen desaturation, using 21 participants performing the color-word Stroop task under normoxic and three hypoxic conditions (FIO2 = 0.165, 0.135, 0.105; corresponding to altitudes of 2000, 3500, and 5000 m, respectively). Stroop interference significantly increased under severe hypoxic condition (FIO2 = 0.105) compared with the other conditions. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between Stroop interference and SpO2. In conclusion, acute exposure to severe hypoxic condition decreased executive function and this negative effect was associated with decreased SpO2. We initially implicated an arterial oxygen desaturation as a potential physiological factor resulting in hypoxia-induced lowered executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Ochi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kanazawa
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Sports Research and Development Core, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyeongho Byun
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Okamoto M, Gray JD, Larson CS, Kazim SF, Soya H, McEwen BS, Pereira AC. Riluzole reduces amyloid beta pathology, improves memory, and restores gene expression changes in a transgenic mouse model of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:153. [PMID: 30108205 PMCID: PMC6092426 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a major healthcare burden with no effective treatment. The glutamate modulator, riluzole, was shown to reverse many AD-related gene expression changes and improve cognition in aged rats. However, riluzole's effect on amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology, a major histopathological hallmark of AD, remains unclear. 5XFAD transgenic mice, which harbor amyloid β precursor protein (APP) and presenilin mutations and exhibit early Aβ accumulation, were treated with riluzole from 1 to 6 months of age. Riluzole significantly enhanced cognition and reduced Aβ42, Aβ40, Aβ oligomers levels, and Aβ plaque load in 5XFAD mice. RNA-Sequencing showed that riluzole reversed many gene expression changes observed in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice, predominantly in expression of canonical gene markers for microglia, specifically disease-associated microglia (DAM), as well as neurons and astrocytes. Central to the cognitive improvements observed, riluzole reversed alterations in NMDA receptor subunits gene expression, which are essential for learning and memory. These data demonstrate that riluzole exerts a disease modifying effect in an Aβ mouse model of early-onset familial AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Jason D Gray
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chloe S Larson
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Syed Faraz Kazim
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ana C Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Oriuchi N, Tamura M, Nemoto K, Soya H, Asada T, Arai T. P2‐636: LIGHT RHYTHMIC EXERCISE INCREASES FRONTAL GYRUS BLOOD FLOW OF ELDERLY. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Oriuchi
- Ibaraki Prefectural Medical Center of PsychiatryKasamaJapan
| | - Masashi Tamura
- Ibaraki Prefectural Medical Center of PsychiatryKasamaJapan
| | | | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Health and Sports ScienceUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
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Takahashi K, Shima T, Yook J, Soya M, Koizumi H, Okamoto M, Jesmin S, Soya H. Evidence of Hypothalamic Regulation by AVP and CRH on Running-Induced Stress Response. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000537066.63617.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kujach S, Byun K, Hyodo K, Suwabe K, Fukuie T, Laskowski R, Dan I, Soya H. A transferable high-intensity intermittent exercise improves executive performance in association with dorsolateral prefrontal activation in young adults. Neuroimage 2018; 169:117-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ochi G, Yamada Y, Hyodo K, Suwabe K, Fukuie T, Byun K, Dan I, Soya H. Neural basis for reduced executive performance with hypoxic exercise. Neuroimage 2018; 171:75-83. [PMID: 29305162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While accumulating evidence suggests positive effects of exercise on executive function, such effects vary with environment. In particular, exercise in a hypoxic environment (hypobaric or normobaric hypoxia), leading to decreased oxygen supply, may dampen or cancel such effects. Thus, we further explore the relation between the effects of hypoxic exercise on executive function and their underlying neural mechanisms by monitoring changes of cortical activation patterns using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Fifteen healthy participants performed color-word Stroop tasks (CWST) before and after a 10 min bout of moderate-intensity exercise (50%V̇O2peak) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) = 0.135). During the CWST, we monitored prefrontal activation using fNIRS. CWST performance under hypoxic conditions decreased compared with normoxic conditions. In addition, CWST-related activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was reduced after a bout of hypoxic exercise. There was statistically significant association between decreased CWST performance and activation in the left DLPFC. These results suggest that moderate exercise under normobaric hypoxic conditions has negative effects on executive function by reducing task-related activations in the DLPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Ochi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuhki Yamada
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyeongho Byun
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ippeita Dan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Shima T, Jesmin S, Matsui T, Soya M, Soya H. Differential effects of type 2 diabetes on brain glycometabolism in rats: focus on glycogen and monocarboxylate transporter 2. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:69-75. [PMID: 27987117 PMCID: PMC10717161 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) is a pathway that supplies glycogen-derived lactate to active neurons via monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2), and is important for maintaining brain functions. Our study revealed alterations of ANLS with hippocampal hyper-glycogen levels and downregulated MCT2 protein levels underlying hippocampal dysfunctions as a complication in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) animals. Since T2DM rats exhibit brain dysfunctions involving several brain regions, we examined whether there might also be T2DM effects on ANLS's disturbances in other brain loci. OLETF rats exhibited significantly higher glycogen levels in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex than did LETO rats. MCT2 protein levels in OLETF rats decreased significantly in the hippocampus and hypothalamus compared to their controls, but a significant correlation with glycogen levels was only observed in the hippocampus. This suggests that the hippocampus may be more vulnerable to T2DM compared to other brain regions in the context of ANLS disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Shima
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Mariko Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
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Lee M, Soya H. Effects of acute voluntary loaded wheel running on BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2017; 21:52-57. [PMID: 29370674 PMCID: PMC5772069 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Voluntary loaded wheel running involves the use of a load during a voluntary running activity. A muscle-strength or power-type activity performed at a relatively high intensity and a short duration may cause fewer apparent metabolic adaptations but may still elicit muscle fiber hypertrophy. This study aimed to determine the effects of acute voluntary wheel running with an additional load on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the rat hippocampus. [Methods] Ten-week old male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to a (1) sedentary (Control) group; (2) voluntary exercise with no load (No-load) group; or (3) voluntary exercise with an additional load (Load) group for 1-week (acute period). The expression of BDNF genes was quantified by real-time PCR. [Results] The average distance levels were not significantly different in the No-load and Load groups. However, the average work levels significantly increased in the Load group. The relative soleus weights were greater in the No-load group. Furthermore, loaded wheel running up-regulated the BDNF mRNA level compared with that in the Control group. The BDNF mRNA levels showed a positive correlation with workload levels (r=0.75), suggesting that the availability of multiple workload levels contributes to the BDNF-related benefits of loaded wheel running noted in this study. [Conclusion] This novel approach yielded the first set of findings showing that acute voluntary loaded wheel running, which causes muscular adaptation, enhanced BDNF expression, suggesting a possible role of high-intensity short-term exercise in hippocampal BDNF activity.
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Suwabe K, Hyodo K, Byun K, Ochi G, Fukuie T, Shimizu T, Kato M, Yassa MA, Soya H. Aerobic fitness associates with mnemonic discrimination as a mediator of physical activity effects: evidence for memory flexibility in young adults. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5140. [PMID: 28698596 PMCID: PMC5506056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A physically active lifestyle has beneficial effects on hippocampal memory function. A potential mechanism for this effect is exercise-enhanced hippocampal plasticity, particularly in the dentate gyrus (DG). Within hippocampal memory formation, the DG plays a crucial role in pattern separation, which is the ability to discriminate among similar experiences. Computational models propose a theoretical hypothesis that enhanced DG-mediated pattern separation leads to “memory flexibility”–a selective improvement in the ability to overcome moderate levels of mnemonic interference. Thus, in the current cross-sectional study of healthy young adults, we tested the working hypothesis that aerobic fitness, as a physiological indicator of endurance capacity associated with physical activity, is strongly associated with mnemonic discrimination at moderate interference levels. When divided the sample (n = 75) based on a median split of aerobic fitness, the higher fitness group had better discrimination performance for moderate interference levels compared to the lower fitness group, namely, exhibited memory flexibility. Moreover, aerobic fitness levels were positively associated with discrimination performance for moderate interference levels, as a mediator of physical activity effects. This evidence suggests that aerobic fitness levels are associated with hippocampal DG-related memory, which is consistent with literature showing positive effect of physical exercise on hippocampal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Suwabe
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, 192-0001, Japan
| | - Kyeongho Byun
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, 92697-3800, CA, USA
| | - Genta Ochi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Sports Research & Development Core, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Morimasa Kato
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Yonezawa Nutrition University of Yamagata Prefecture, Yonezawa, 992-0025, Japan
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, 92697-3800, CA, USA
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan. .,Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that regular moderate exercise increases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and improves memory functions in both humans and animals. The DG is known to play a role in pattern separation, which is the ability to discriminate among similar experiences, a fundamental component of episodic memory. While long-term voluntary exercise improves pattern separation, there is little evidence of alterations in DG function after an acute exercise session. Our previous studies showing acute moderate exercise-enhanced DG activation in rats, and acute moderate exercise-enhanced prefrontal activation and executive function in humans, led us to postulate that acute moderate exercise may also activate the hippocampus, including more specifically the DG, thus improving pattern separation. We thus investigated the effects of a 10-min moderate exercise (50% V̇O2peak ) session, the recommended intensity for health promotion, on mnemonic discrimination (a behavioral index of pattern separation) in young adults. An acute bout of moderate exercise improved mnemonic discrimination performance in high similarity lures. These results support our hypothesis that acute moderate exercise improves DG-mediated pattern separation in humans, proposing a useful human acute-exercise model for analyzing the neuronal substrate underlying acute and regular exercise-enhanced episodic memory based on the hippocampus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Suwabe
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Physical Fitness Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyeongho Byun
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Genta Ochi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Shima T, Matsui T, Jesmin S, Okamoto M, Soya M, Inoue K, Liu YF, Torres-Aleman I, McEwen BS, Soya H. Moderate exercise ameliorates dysregulated hippocampal glycometabolism and memory function in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:597-606. [PMID: 27928614 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 2 diabetes is likely to be an independent risk factor for hippocampal-based memory dysfunction, although this complication has yet to be investigated in detail. As dysregulated glycometabolism in peripheral tissues is a key symptom of type 2 diabetes, it is hypothesised that diabetes-mediated memory dysfunction is also caused by hippocampal glycometabolic dysfunction. If so, such dysfunction should also be ameliorated with moderate exercise by normalising hippocampal glycometabolism, since 4 weeks of moderate exercise enhances memory function and local hippocampal glycogen levels in normal animals. METHODS The hippocampal glycometabolism in OLETF rats (model of human type 2 diabetes) was assessed and, subsequently, the effects of exercise on memory function and hippocampal glycometabolism were investigated. RESULTS OLETF rats, which have memory dysfunction, exhibited higher levels of glycogen in the hippocampus than did control rats, and breakdown of hippocampal glycogen with a single bout of exercise remained unimpaired. However, OLETF rats expressed lower levels of hippocampal monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2, a transporter for lactate to neurons). Four weeks of moderate exercise improved spatial memory accompanied by further increase in hippocampal glycogen levels and restoration of MCT2 expression independent of neurotrophic factor and clinical symptoms in OLETF rats. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings are the first to describe detailed profiles of glycometabolism in the type 2 diabetic hippocampus and to show that 4 weeks of moderate exercise improves memory dysfunction in type 2 diabetes via amelioration of dysregulated hippocampal glycometabolism. Dysregulated hippocampal lactate-transport-related glycometabolism is a possible aetiology of type-2-diabetes-mediated memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Shima
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Subrina Jesmin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariko Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Koshiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | | | - Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
- Department of Sports Neuroscience, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Fernandez AM, Hernandez-Garzón E, Perez-Domper P, Perez-Alvarez A, Mederos S, Matsui T, Santi A, Trueba-Saiz A, García-Guerra L, Pose-Utrilla J, Fielitz J, Olson EN, Fernandez de la Rosa R, Garcia Garcia L, Pozo MA, Iglesias T, Araque A, Soya H, Perea G, Martin ED, Torres Aleman I. Insulin Regulates Astrocytic Glucose Handling Through Cooperation With IGF-I. Diabetes 2017; 66:64-74. [PMID: 27999108 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain activity requires a flux of glucose to active regions to sustain increased metabolic demands. Insulin, the main regulator of glucose handling in the body, has been traditionally considered not to intervene in this process. However, we now report that insulin modulates brain glucose metabolism by acting on astrocytes in concert with IGF-I. The cooperation of insulin and IGF-I is needed to recover neuronal activity after hypoglycemia. Analysis of underlying mechanisms show that the combined action of IGF-I and insulin synergistically stimulates a mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase D pathway resulting in translocation of GLUT1 to the cell membrane through multiple protein-protein interactions involving the scaffolding protein GAIP-interacting protein C terminus and the GTPase RAC1. Our observations identify insulin-like peptides as physiological modulators of brain glucose handling, providing further support to consider the brain as a target organ in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Fernandez
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edwin Hernandez-Garzón
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Perez-Domper
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Perez-Alvarez
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Mederos
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Andrea Santi
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Trueba-Saiz
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Guerra
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Pose-Utrilla
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Brandenburg Heart Center and Medical University of Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Eric N Olson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Luis Garcia Garcia
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Pozo
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo D Martin
- Science and Technology Park, Institute for Research in Neurological Disabilities, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres Aleman
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
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Jang Y, Koo JH, Kwon I, Kang EB, Um HS, Soya H, Lee Y, Cho JY. Neuroprotective effects of endurance exercise against neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice. Brain Res 2016; 1655:186-193. [PMID: 27816415 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the main degenerative neurological disorders accompanying death of dopaminergic neurons prevalent in aged population. Endurance exercise (EE) has been suggested to confer neurogenesis and mitigate the degree of seriousness of PD. However, underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for exercise-mediated neuroprotection against PD remain largely unknown. Given the relevant interplay between elevated α-synuclein and neuroinflammation in a poor prognosis and vicious progression of PD and anti-inflammatory effects of EE, we hypothesized that EE would reverse motor dysfunction and cell death caused by PD. To this end, we chose a pharmacological model of PD (e.g., chronic injection of neurotoxin MPTP). Young adult male mice (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: sedentary control (C, n=10), MPTP (M, n=10), and MPTP + endurance exercise (ME, n=10). Our data showed that EE restored motor function impaired by MPTP in parallel with reduced cell death. Strikingly, EE exhibited a significant reduction in α-synuclein protein along with diminished pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α and IL-1β). Supporting this, EE prevented activation of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) downstream signaling cascades such as MyD88, TRAF6 and TAK-1 incurred by in MPTP administration in the striatum. Moreover, EE reestablished tyrosine hydroxylase at levels similar to C group. Taken together, our data suggest that an EE-mediated neuroprotective mechanism against PD underlies anti-neuroinflammation conferred by reduced levels of α-synuclein. Our data provides an important insight into developing a non-pharmacological countermeasure against neuronal degeneration caused by PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchul Jang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-763, Republic of Korea; Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Bldg. 72, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Jung-Hoon Koo
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Kwon
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Bldg. 72, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Eun-Bum Kang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seob Um
- Department of Exercise Prescription, Kon-Yang University, 119 Daehangro, Nonsan city, Chungnam 320-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Youngil Lee
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Bldg. 72, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 88-15 Oryun-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-763, Republic of Korea.
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Shima T, Suwabe K, Soya H. [Effects of exercise on cognitive function: the possible strategy for anti-aging]. Nihon Rinsho 2016; 74:1577-1582. [PMID: 30557496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the major factors which decline cognitive function associated with hippo- campus and prefrontal cortex, so it is an urgent issue to develop the practical treatment for aging brain. Since many researchers show that physical exercise can increase hippocampal neurogenesis and gray matter volume of prefrontal cortex, physical exercise is a potential candidate for preventing cognitive decline. Recently, we have reported that mild intensity exercise training enhances neurogenesis in rodents. In addition, we found long term inter- vention of mild exercise has beneficial effects on prefrontal gray matter volume and cognitive function in older adults. Based on these facts, mild exercise could be optimal strategy for anti-aging of brain.
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Abstract
Aging impairs cerebrovascular plasticity and subsequently leads cerebral hypoperfusion, which synergistically accelerates aging-associated cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases associated with impaired neuronal plasticity. On the other hand, over two decades of researches have successfully demonstrated that exercise, or higher level of physical activity, is a powerful and nonpharmacological approach to improve brain function. Most of the studies have focused on the neuronal aspects and found that exercise triggers improvements in neuronal plasticity, such as neurogenesis; however, exercise can improve cerebrovascular plasticity as well. In this chapter, to understand these beneficial effects of exercise on the cerebral vasculature, we first discuss the issue of changes in cerebral blood flow and its regulation during acute bouts of exercise. Then, how regular exercise improves cerebrovascular plasticity will be discussed. In addition, to shed light on the importance of understanding interactions between the neuron and cerebral vasculature, we describe neuronal activity-driven uptake of circulating IGF-I into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishijima
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - H Soya
- University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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