1
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Sato RY, Zhang Y, Kotake KT, Onishi H, Ito S, Norimoto H, Zhou Z. CSF1R inhibitor PLX3397 depletes microglia in Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus, but not in syrian hamster Mesocricetus auratus. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 155:29-34. [PMID: 38677783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the residential immune cells in the central nervous system. Their roles as innate immune cells and regulators of synaptic remodeling are critical to the development and the maintenance of the brain. Numerous studies have depleted microglia to elucidate their involvement in healthy and pathological conditions. PLX3397, a blocker of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), is widely used to deplete mouse microglia due to its non-invasiveness and convenience. Recently, other small rodents, including Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), have been recognized as valuable animal models for studying brain functions and diseases. However, whether microglia depletion via PLX3397 is feasible in these species remains unclear. Here, we administered PLX3397 orally via food pellets to hamsters and gerbils. PLX3397 successfully depleted gerbil microglia but had no effect on microglial density in hamsters. Comparative analysis of the CSF1R amino acid sequence in different species hints that amino acid substitutions in the juxtamembrane domain may potentially contribute to the inefficacy of PLX3397 in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Y Sato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Koki T Kotake
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiraku Onishi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shiho Ito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
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2
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Yamaguchi ST, Hatori S, Kotake KT, Zhou Z, Kume K, Reiter S, Norimoto H. Circadian control of sleep-related neuronal activity in lizards. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgad481. [PMID: 38213615 PMCID: PMC10783807 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Although diurnal animals displaying monophasic sleep patterns exhibit periodic cycles of alternating slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), the regulatory mechanisms underlying these regular sleep cycles remain unclear. Here, we report that in the Australian dragon Pogona vitticeps exposed to constant darkness (DD), sleep behavior and sleep-related neuronal activity emerged over a 24-h cycle. However, the regularity of the REMS/SWS alternation was disrupted under these conditions. Notably, when the lizards were then exposed to 12 h of light after DD, the regularity of the sleep stages was restored. These results suggest that sleep-related neuronal activity in lizards is regulated by circadian rhythms and that the regularity of REMS and SWS cycling is influenced by daytime light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho T Yamaguchi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Sena Hatori
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Koki T Kotake
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Sam Reiter
- Computational Neuroethology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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3
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Sato RY, Kotake K, Zhang Y, Onishi H, Matsui F, Norimoto H, Zhou Z. Methyl vinyl ketone impairs spatial memory and activates hippocampal glial cells in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289714. [PMID: 37651419 PMCID: PMC10470879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory is a fundamental brain function that can be affected by a variety of external factors including environmental pollutants. One of these pollutants is methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), a hazardous substance found in cigarettes, industrial wastes, and car exhaust. Humans can be exposed to MVK under many circumstances; however, it is unclear whether MVK affects higher-order brain functions such as memory. Here, we examined the memory performances of mice receiving systemic MVK administration. We found that 1 mg/kg of MVK impaired spatial memory. We also showed that 1 mg/kg MVK activated glial cells and altered glial functions in several subregions of the hippocampus, a brain region involved in learning and memory. These results suggest that MVK induces memory deficits and activates glial cells in hippocampal subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Y. Sato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Kotake
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Onishi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Futaba Matsui
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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4
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Matsui F, Yamaguchi ST, Kobayashi R, Ito S, Nagashima S, Zhou Z, Norimoto H. Ablation of microglia does not alter circadian rhythm of locomotor activity. Mol Brain 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 37029416 PMCID: PMC10080745 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, as macrophages in the brain, are responsible for immune responses and synaptic remodeling. Although the function of microglia is regulated by circadian rhythms, it is still unclear whether microglia are involved in the generation and light entrainment of circadian rhythms of behavior. Here, we report that microglial depletion does not alter behavioral circadian rhythms. We depleted ~ 95% of microglia in the mouse brain by PLX3397, a CSF1R inhibitor, and analyzed the effect on the spontaneous behaviors of mice. We found that neither the free-running period under constant darkness nor light entrainment under jet-lag circumstances were influenced by the ablation of microglia. Our results demonstrate that the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, an important output of the circadian clock in the brain, are likely a phenomenon not produced by microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futaba Matsui
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sho T Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Riho Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiho Ito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sakimi Nagashima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Zhou Z, Norimoto H. Sleep sharp wave ripple and its functions in memory and synaptic plasticity. Neurosci Res 2023; 189:20-28. [PMID: 37045494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Memory is one of the fundamental cognitive functions of brain. The formation and consolidation of memory depend on the hippocampus and sleep. Sharp wave ripple (SWR) is an electrophysiological event which is most frequently observed in the hippocampus during sleep. It represents a highly synchronized neuronal activity pattern which modulates numerous brain regions including the neocortex, subcortical areas, and the hippocampus itself. In this review, we discuss how SWRs link experiences to memories and what happens in the hippocampus and other brain regions during sleep by focusing on synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhou
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, West 7 North 15 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, West 7 North 15 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
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6
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Sato M, Norimoto H. [Preface]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2023; 158:138. [PMID: 36858492 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.22140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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7
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Sugawara H, Norimoto H, Zhou Z. Methyl vinyl ketone disrupts neuronal survival and axonal morphogenesis. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:375-380. [PMID: 36047111 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) is an environmental hazardous substrate which is mainly present in cigarette smoke, industrial waste, and exhaust gas. Despite many chances to be exposed to MVK, the cellular toxicity of MVK is largely unknown. Neurons are the main component of the brain, which is one the most vital organs to human beings. Nevertheless, the influence of MVK to neurons has not been investigated. Here, we determined whether MVK treatment negatively affects neuronal survival and axonal morphogenesis using primary hippocampal neuronal cultures. We treated hippocampal neurons with 0.1 μM to 3.0 μM MVK and observed a concentration-dependent increase of neuronal death rate. We also demonstrated that the treatment with a low concentration of MVK 0.1 μM or 0.3 μM inhibited axonal branching specifically without affecting axon outgrowth. Our results suggest that MVK is highly toxic to neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiwen Zhou
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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8
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Norimoto H, Fenk LA, Li HH, Tosches MA, Gallego-Flores T, Hain D, Reiter S, Kobayashi R, Macias A, Arends A, Klinkmann M, Laurent G. A claustrum in reptiles and its role in slow-wave sleep. Nature 2020; 578:413-418. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Kobayashi R, Maruoka J, Norimoto H, Ikegaya Y, Kume K, Ohsawa M. Involvement of l-lactate in hippocampal dysfunction of type I diabetes. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 141:79-82. [PMID: 31586517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurons play a crucial role in memory formation. Accumulating evidence raises the possibility that hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SW-Rs) are involved in memory consolidation. Here, we examined in an animal model of diabetes and found the amplitude of SW-Rs in diabetic mice were smaller than control group and were rescued by acute application of l-lactate, a major neural energy source. The cognitive impairment in diabetic mice was alleviated by intracerebroventricular l-lactate treatment. Our results suggested that l-lactate is important for hippocampal dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junya Maruoka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohsawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
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10
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Nomura H, Mizuta H, Norimoto H, Masuda F, Miura Y, Kubo A, Kojima H, Ashizuka A, Matsukawa N, Baraki Z, Hitora-Imamura N, Nakayama D, Ishikawa T, Okada M, Orita K, Saito R, Yamauchi N, Sano Y, Kusuhara H, Minami M, Takahashi H, Ikegaya Y. Central Histamine Boosts Perirhinal Cortex Activity and Restores Forgotten Object Memories. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:230-239. [PMID: 30635130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A method that promotes the retrieval of lost long-term memories has not been well established. Histamine in the central nervous system is implicated in learning and memory, and treatment with antihistamines impairs learning and memory. Because histamine H3 receptor inverse agonists upregulate histamine release, the inverse agonists may enhance learning and memory. However, whether the inverse agonists promote the retrieval of forgotten long-term memory has not yet been determined. METHODS Here, we employed multidisciplinary methods, including mouse behavior, calcium imaging, and chemogenetic manipulation, to examine whether and how the histamine H3 receptor inverse agonists, thioperamide and betahistine, promote the retrieval of a forgotten long-term object memory in mice. In addition, we conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial in healthy adult participants to investigate whether betahistine treatment promotes memory retrieval in humans. RESULTS The treatment of H3 receptor inverse agonists induced the recall of forgotten memories even 1 week and 1 month after training in mice. The memory recovery was mediated by the disinhibition of histamine release in the perirhinal cortex, which activated the histamine H2 receptor. Histamine depolarized perirhinal cortex neurons, enhanced their spontaneous activity, and facilitated the reactivation of behaviorally activated neuronal ensembles. A human clinical trial revealed that treatment of H3 receptor inverse agonists is specifically more effective for items that are more difficult to remember and subjects with poorer performance. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a novel interaction between the central histamine signaling and memory engrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nomura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Mizuta
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Masuda
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Miura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayame Kubo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kojima
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aoi Ashizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsukawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Zohal Baraki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Hitora-Imamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoe Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Okada
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Orita
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoki Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yamato Sano
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masabumi Minami
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Norimoto H, Makino K, Gao M, Shikano Y, Okamoto K, Ishikawa T, Sasaki T, Hioki H, Fujisawa S, Ikegaya Y. Hippocampal ripples down-regulate synapses. Science 2018; 359:1524-1527. [PMID: 29439023 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The specific effects of sleep on synaptic plasticity remain unclear. We report that mouse hippocampal sharp-wave ripple oscillations serve as intrinsic events that trigger long-lasting synaptic depression. Silencing of sharp-wave ripples during slow-wave states prevented the spontaneous down-regulation of net synaptic weights and impaired the learning of new memories. The synaptic down-regulation was dependent on the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and selective for a specific input pathway. Thus, our findings are consistent with the role of slow-wave states in refining memory engrams by reducing recent memory-irrelevant neuronal activity and suggest a previously unrecognized function for sharp-wave ripples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Norimoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Systems Neurophysiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Makino
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mengxuan Gao
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Shikano
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okamoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoe Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Morphological Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Fujisawa
- Laboratory for Systems Neurophysiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako City, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka, Japan
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Sanagawa A, Iwaki S, Asai M, Sakakibara D, Norimoto H, Sobel BE, Fujii S. Sphingosine 1‑phosphate induced by hypoxia increases the expression of PAI‑1 in HepG2 cells via HIF‑1α. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1841-8. [PMID: 27357063 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group has recently reported that in the immortal human HepG2 liver cell line, sphingosine 1‑phosphate (S1P) increases transcription of plasminogen activator inhibitor type‑1 (PAI‑1), the major physiological inhibitor of fibrinolysis, within 4 h. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. PAI‑1 expression was measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. It was demonstrated that S1P increased PAI‑1 promoter activity but did not increase the activity of promoters lacking the hypoxia responsive element (HRE) 2. In addition, S1P transiently increased the concentration of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‑1α, a transcription factor capable of binding to HRE. When HIF‑1α was knocked down, the induction of transcription of PAI‑1 by S1P was no longer observed. Sphingosine kinase (SPHK) activity is increased by hypoxia. It was demonstrated that increases in the concentration of the HIF‑1α protein induced by hypoxia were prevented by treatment with SPHK inhibitor or S1P receptor antagonists. Thus, modification of the induction of HIF‑1α by S1P, leading to increased transcription of PAI‑1, may be an attractive therapeutic target for thrombosis and consequent inhibition of fibrinolysis associated with hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Sanagawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8603, Japan
| | - Soichiro Iwaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8603, Japan
| | - Moyoko Asai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakakibara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8603, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8603, Japan
| | - Burton E Sobel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467‑8603, Japan
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13
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Norimoto H, Ikegaya Y. Visual cortical prosthesis with a geomagnetic compass restores spatial navigation in blind rats. Curr Biol 2015; 25:1091-5. [PMID: 25843028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allocentric sense is one of the major components that underlie spatial navigation. In blind patients, the difficulty in spatial exploration is attributed, at least partly, to the deficit of absolute direction perception. In support of this notion, we announce that blind adult rats can perform spatial tasks normally when externally provided with real-time feedback of their head directions. Head-mountable microstimulators coupled with a digital geomagnetic compass were bilaterally implanted in the primary visual cortex of adult rats whose eyelids had been sutured. These "blind" rats were trained to seek food pellets in a T-shaped maze or a more complicated maze. Within tens of trials, they learned to manage the geomagnetic information source to solve the mazes. Their performance levels and navigation strategies were similar to those of normal sighted, intact rats. Thus, blind rats can recognize self-location through extrinsically provided stereotactic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Norimoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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14
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Okamoto K, Ishikawa T, Abe R, Ishikawa D, Kobayashi C, Mizunuma M, Norimoto H, Matsuki N, Ikegaya Y. Ex vivo cultured neuronal networks emit in vivo-like spontaneous activity. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:421-31. [PMID: 25208897 PMCID: PMC10717955 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous neuronal activity is present in virtually all brain regions, but neither its function nor spatiotemporal patterns are fully understood. Ex vivo organotypic slice cultures may offer an opportunity to investigate some aspects of spontaneous activity, because they self-restore their networks that collapsed during slicing procedures. In hippocampal networks, we compared the levels and patterns of in vivo spontaneous activity to those in acute and cultured slices. We found that the firing rates and excitatory synaptic activity in the in vivo hippocampus are more similar to those in slice cultures compared to acute slices. The soft confidence-weighted algorithm, a machine learning technique without human bias, also revealed that hippocampal slice cultures resemble the in vivo hippocampus in terms of the overall tendency of the parameters of spontaneous activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Okamoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomoe Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Reimi Abe
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Chiaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Mika Mizunuma
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Norio Matsuki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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15
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Miyawaki T, Norimoto H, Ishikawa T, Watanabe Y, Matsuki N, Ikegaya Y. Dopamine receptor activation reorganizes neuronal ensembles during hippocampal sharp waves in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104438. [PMID: 25089705 PMCID: PMC4121245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal sharp wave (SW)/ripple complexes are thought to contribute to memory consolidation. Previous studies suggest that behavioral rewards facilitate SW occurrence in vivo. However, little is known about the precise mechanism underlying this enhancement. Here, we examined the effect of dopaminergic neuromodulation on spontaneously occurring SWs in acute hippocampal slices. Local field potentials were recorded from the CA1 region. A brief (1 min) treatment with dopamine led to a persistent increase in the event frequency and the magnitude of SWs. This effect lasted at least for our recording period of 45 min and did not occur in the presence of a dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist. Functional multineuron calcium imaging revealed that dopamine-induced SW augmentation was associated with an enriched repertoire of the firing patterns in SW events, whereas the overall tendency of individual neurons to participate in SWs and the mean number of cells participating in a single SW were maintained. Therefore, dopaminergic activation is likely to reorganize cell assemblies during SWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Miyawaki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Norimoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoe Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Matsuki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Centre for Information and Neural Networks, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Norimoto H, Matsumoto N, Miyawaki T, Matsuki N, Ikegaya Y. Subicular activation preceding hippocampal ripples in vitro. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2696. [PMID: 24045268 PMCID: PMC3776195 DOI: 10.1038/srep02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharp wave-ripple complexes (SW-Rs), a transient form of high-frequency field oscillations observed in the hippocampus, are thought to mediate memory consolidation. They are initiated mainly in hippocampal CA3 area and propagate to the entorhinal cortex through the subiculum; however, little is known about how SW-Rs are initiated and propagate. Here, we used functional multineuronal calcium imaging to monitor SW-R-relevant neuronal activity from the subiculum at single-cell resolution. An unexpected finding was that a subset of subicular neurons was activated immediately before hippocampal SW-Rs. The SW-R-preceding activity was not abolished by surgical lesion of the CA1-to-subiculum projection, and thus, it probably arose from entorhinal inputs. Therefore, SW-Rs are likely to be triggered by entorhinal-to-CA3/CA1 inputs. Moreover, the subiculum is not merely a passive intermediate region that SW-Rs pass through, but rather, it seems to contribute to an active modification of neural information related to SW-Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Norimoto
- 1] Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan [2]
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17
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Sun Y, Norimoto H, Pu XP, Matsuki N, Ikegaya Y. Cannabinoid receptor activation disrupts the internal structure of hippocampal sharp wave-ripple complexes. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:288-94. [PMID: 22293299 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11199fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid agonists impair hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Using mouse hippocampal slice preparations, we examined the effect of anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, on sharp wave-ripple (SW-R) complexes, which are believed to mediate memory consolidation during slow-wave sleep or behavioral immobility. Anandamide reduced the frequency of SW-Rs recorded from the CA3 region, and this effect was abolished by AM251, a cannabinoid CB1-receptor antagonist. We further addressed the action of anandamide using a functional multineuron calcium imaging technique. Anandamide reduced the firing rate of hippocampal neurons as well as disrupted the temporal coordination of their firings during SW-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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