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Duran I, Pombo J, Sun B, Gallage S, Kudo H, McHugh D, Bousset L, Barragan Avila JE, Forlano R, Manousou P, Heikenwalder M, Withers DJ, Vernia S, Goldin RD, Gil J. Detection of senescence using machine learning algorithms based on nuclear features. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1041. [PMID: 38310113 PMCID: PMC10838307 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response with broad pathophysiological implications. Senotherapies can induce senescence to treat cancer or eliminate senescent cells to ameliorate ageing and age-related pathologies. However, the success of senotherapies is limited by the lack of reliable ways to identify senescence. Here, we use nuclear morphology features of senescent cells to devise machine-learning classifiers that accurately predict senescence induced by diverse stressors in different cell types and tissues. As a proof-of-principle, we use these senescence classifiers to characterise senolytics and to screen for drugs that selectively induce senescence in cancer cells but not normal cells. Moreover, a tissue senescence score served to assess the efficacy of senolytic drugs and identified senescence in mouse models of liver cancer initiation, ageing, and fibrosis, and in patients with fatty liver disease. Thus, senescence classifiers can help to detect pathophysiological senescence and to discover and validate potential senotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Duran
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joaquim Pombo
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Bin Sun
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Suchira Gallage
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- M3 Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Section for Pathology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Domhnall McHugh
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laura Bousset
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jose Efren Barragan Avila
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberta Forlano
- Liver Unit, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Pinelopi Manousou
- Liver Unit, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- M3 Research Center for Malignome, Metabolome and Microbiome, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Santiago Vernia
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Section for Pathology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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2
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Hosoda M, Omori Y, Hashimoto H, Matsumoto M, Yasuoka Y, Sanada T, Oda Y, Kiso M, Sampei A, Kranrod C, Tazoe H, Akata N, Taira Y, Tamakuma Y, Yamada R, Kudo H, Shimizu M, Tokonami S. Calibration experiments for radon in drinking water measurements using portable-type electrostatic-collection radon monitors. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:2203-2206. [PMID: 37935002 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Portable-type electrostatic-collection radon monitors (RAD7) are often used for in-situ measurements of radon in water. In this study, we evaluated the calibration factors and their uncertainties for two RAD7 monitors based on comparative measurements with the liquid scintillation counting method. In the first experiment, we found that both RAD7 monitors had relatively large uncertainties due to leakage of radon gas that bubbled from the gaps between the lids of the desiccant container and the glass vial. Therefore, for the second experiment, these gaps were closed as much as possible using parafilm and clay, respectively. As a result, the relative uncertainties for both RAD7 monitors were significantly decreased. Furthermore, we collected spring water samples to confirm the reliability of radon concentrations. After closing the leakage point, the uncertainty of radon concentrations in spring water we measured using the typical protocol of the RAD7 were significantly lower, which improves the measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hosoda
- Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Omori
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hashimoto
- Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Maho Matsumoto
- Institute of Radioisotope Research, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yumi Yasuoka
- Institute of Radioisotope Research, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sanada
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 006-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Oda
- Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kiso
- Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Aoi Sampei
- Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Chutima Kranrod
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Naofumi Akata
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taira
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamakuma
- Center for Radiation Research and Education, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamada
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shimizu
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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3
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Tomisawa T, Hosokawa S, Kudo H, Osanai M, Ota K, In N, Ohgino A, Tsujiguchi T, Takamagi S, Tsuchiya R, Kitajima M, Terashima S, Yamaguchi M, Saga R, Mikami K, Urushizaka M, Sakai M, Aizu K, Hosokawa Y, Hanada H. Are Online Simulations for Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness Less Effective in Teaching Than Face-to-Face Simulations? Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e520. [PMID: 37881865 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study clarified differences in understanding and satisfaction between face-to-face and online training on radiation emergency medical preparedness (REMP) training. METHODS The training was held at Hirosaki University between 2018 and 2022, with 46 face-to-face participants and 25 online participants. RESULTS Face-to-face training was significantly more understandable than online for the use of the Geiger counter (P < 0.05), but the educational effect of virtual reality (VR) was not significantly different from the actual practice. For the team exercise of taking care of the victims, online resulted in a significantly higher understanding (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Interactive exercises can be done online with equipment sent to learners, and VR is also as effective. The use of videos was more effective for first-timers to learn the practical process from a bird's-eye view, especially for team-based medical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiko Tomisawa
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shota Hosokawa
- Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Osanai
- Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ota
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Naoya In
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Ohgino
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takakiyo Tsujiguchi
- Hirosaki University Education Center for Disaster & Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shizuka Takamagi
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ryoko Tsuchiya
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Maiko Kitajima
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shingo Terashima
- Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Saga
- Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kasumi Mikami
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Urushizaka
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mioko Sakai
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Keiko Aizu
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hanada
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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4
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Lo JW, Cozzetto D, Alexander JL, Danckert NP, Madgwick M, Knox N, Sieh JYX, Olbei M, Liu Z, Ibraheim H, Blanco JM, Kudo H, Seoane RC, Possamai LA, Goldin R, Marchesi J, Korcsmaros T, Lord GM, Powell N. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis is mediated by polyfunctional lymphocytes and is dependent on an IL23/IFNγ axis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6719. [PMID: 37872166 PMCID: PMC10593820 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are a relatively newly licenced cancer treatment, which make a once previously untreatable disease now amenable to a potential cure. Combination regimens of anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1 show enhanced efficacy but are prone to off-target immune-mediated tissue injury, particularly at the barrier surfaces. To probe the impact of immune checkpoints on intestinal homoeostasis, mice are challenged with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and manipulation of the intestinal microbiota. The immune profile of the colon of these mice with CPI-colitis is analysed using bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. CPI-colitis in mice is dependent on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and by the induction of lymphocytes expressing interferon-γ (IFNγ), cytotoxicity molecules and other pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. This pre-clinical model of CPI-colitis could be attenuated following blockade of the IL23/IFNγ axis. Therapeutic targeting of IFNγ-producing lymphocytes or regulatory networks, may hold the key to reversing CPI-colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lo
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Domenico Cozzetto
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - James L Alexander
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan P Danckert
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthew Madgwick
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, NR4 7UZ, Norwich, UK
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, NR4 7UQ, Norwich, UK
| | - Naomi Knox
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jillian Yong Xin Sieh
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marton Olbei
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, NR4 7UZ, Norwich, UK
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, NR4 7UQ, Norwich, UK
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hajir Ibraheim
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jesus Miguens Blanco
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rocio Castro Seoane
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lucia A Possamai
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Robert Goldin
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julian Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Organisms and Ecosystems, Earlham Institute, NR4 7UZ, Norwich, UK
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, NR4 7UQ, Norwich, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Nick Powell
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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5
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Imrie H, Viswambharan H, Haywood NJ, Bridge KI, Yuldasheva NY, Galloway S, Simmons KJ, Cubbon RM, Sukumar P, Watt NT, Lichtenstein L, Wyatt JI, Kudo H, Goldin R, Rode B, Wheatcroft SB, Kearney MT. Cixutumumab reveals a critical role for IGF-1 in adipose and hepatic tissue remodelling during the development of diet-induced obesity. Adipocyte 2022; 11:366-378. [PMID: 35734881 PMCID: PMC9235901 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2089394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity leads to perturbation in the storage function of white adipose tissue (WAT) resulting in deposition of lipids in tissues ill-equipped to deal with this challenge. The role of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the systemic and organ-specific responses to HFD is unclear. Using cixutumumab, a monoclonal antibody that internalizes and degrades cell surface IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1 R), leaving insulin receptor expression unchanged we aimed to establish the role of IGF-1 R in the response to a HFD. Mice treated with cixutumumab fed standard chow developed mild hyperinsulinemia with no change in WAT. When challenged by HFD mice treated with cixutumumab had reduced weight gain, reduced WAT expansion, and reduced hepatic lipid vacuole formation. In HFD-fed mice, cixutumumab led to reduced levels of genes encoding proteins important in fatty acid metabolism in WAT and liver. Cixutumumab protected against blunting of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in liver of HFD fed mice. These data reveal an important role for IGF-1 R in the WAT and hepatic response to short-term nutrient excess. IGF-1 R inhibition during HFD leads to a lipodystrophic phenotype with a failure of WAT lipid storage and protection from HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Imrie
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hema Viswambharan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine I Bridge
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Galloway
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katie J Simmons
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole T Watt
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Laeticia Lichtenstein
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Judy I Wyatt
- Department of Pathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Goldin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Baptiste Rode
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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6
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Marcus D, Phelps DL, Savage A, Balog J, Kudo H, Dina R, Bodai Z, Rosini F, Ip J, Amgheib A, Abda J, Manoli E, McKenzie J, Yazbek J, Takats Z, Ghaem-Maghami S. Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer Using the Surgical Intelligent Knife (iKnife)-A Prospective Pilot Study of Diagnostic Accuracy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5892. [PMID: 36497372 PMCID: PMC9736036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer negatively impact patient survival. The aim of this study was to establish whether rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry using the iKnife can accurately distinguish between normal and malignant endometrial biopsy tissue samples in real time, enabling point-of-care (POC) diagnoses. Methods: Pipelle biopsy samples were obtained from consecutive women needing biopsies for clinical reasons. A Waters G2-XS Xevo Q-Tof mass spectrometer was used in conjunction with a modified handheld diathermy (collectively called the 'iKnife'). Each tissue sample was processed with diathermy, and the resultant surgical aerosol containing ionic lipid species was then analysed, producing spectra. Principal component analyses and linear discriminant analyses were performed to determine variance in spectral signatures. Leave-one-patient-out cross-validation was used to test the diagnostic accuracy. Results: One hundred and fifty patients provided Pipelle biopsy samples (85 normal, 59 malignant, 4 hyperplasia and 2 insufficient), yielding 453 spectra. The iKnife differentiated between normal and malignant endometrial tissues on the basis of differential phospholipid spectra. Cross-validation revealed a diagnostic accuracy of 89% with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 85%, 93%, 94% and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: This study is the first to use the iKnife to identify cancer in endometrial Pipelle biopsy samples. These results are highly encouraging and suggest that the iKnife could be used in the clinic to provide a POC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marcus
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - David L. Phelps
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, University Hospital Southampton, Coxford Road, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Adele Savage
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julia Balog
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, 4th Floor Clarence Wing, St Mary’s Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Roberto Dina
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zsolt Bodai
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesca Rosini
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jacey Ip
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ala Amgheib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julia Abda
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eftychios Manoli
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - James McKenzie
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joseph Yazbek
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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7
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Dannhorn A, Swales JG, Hamm G, Strittmatter N, Kudo H, Maglennon G, Goodwin RJA, Takats Z. Evaluation of Formalin-Fixed and FFPE Tissues for Spatially Resolved Metabolomics and Drug Distribution Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1307. [PMID: 36355479 PMCID: PMC9697942 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fixation of samples is broadly used prior to the histological evaluation of tissue samples. Though recent reports demonstrated the ability to use fixed tissues for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) based proteomics, glycomics and tumor classification studies, to date comprehensive evaluation of fixation-related effects for spatially resolved metabolomics and drug disposition studies is still missing. In this study we used matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MSI to investigate the effect of formalin-fixation and formalin-fixation combined with paraffin embedding on the detectable metabolome including xenobiotics. Formalin fixation was found to cause significant washout of polar molecular species, including inorganic salts, amino acids, organic acids and carnitine species, oxidation of endogenous lipids and formation of reaction products between lipids and fixative ingredients. The slow fixation kinetics under ambient conditions resulted in increased lipid hydrolysis in the tissue core, correlating with the time-dependent progression of the fixation. Paraffin embedding resulted in subsequent partial removal of structural lipids resulting in the distortion of the elucidated biodistributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dannhorn
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - John G. Swales
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Richard J. A. Goodwin
- Imaging & Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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8
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Fletcher CE, Deng L, Orafidiya F, Yuan W, Lorentzen MPGS, Cyran OW, Varela-Carver A, Constantin TA, Leach DA, Dobbs FM, Figueiredo I, Gurel B, Parkes E, Bogdan D, Pereira RR, Zhao SG, Neeb A, Issa F, Hester J, Kudo H, Liu Y, Philippou Y, Bristow R, Knudsen K, Bryant RJ, Feng FY, Reed SH, Mills IG, de Bono J, Bevan CL. A non-coding RNA balancing act: miR-346-induced DNA damage is limited by the long non-coding RNA NORAD in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:82. [PMID: 35317841 PMCID: PMC8939142 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01540-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-346 was identified as an activator of Androgen Receptor (AR) signalling that associates with DNA damage response (DDR)-linked transcripts in prostate cancer (PC). We sought to delineate the impact of miR-346 on DNA damage, and its potential as a therapeutic agent. METHODS RNA-IP, RNA-seq, RNA-ISH, DNA fibre assays, in vivo xenograft studies and bioinformatics approaches were used alongside a novel method for amplification-free, single nucleotide-resolution genome-wide mapping of DNA breaks (INDUCE-seq). RESULTS miR-346 induces rapid and extensive DNA damage in PC cells - the first report of microRNA-induced DNA damage. Mechanistically, this is achieved through transcriptional hyperactivation, R-loop formation and replication stress, leading to checkpoint activation and cell cycle arrest. miR-346 also interacts with genome-protective lncRNA NORAD to disrupt its interaction with PUM2, leading to PUM2 stabilisation and its increased turnover of DNA damage response (DDR) transcripts. Confirming clinical relevance, NORAD expression and activity strongly correlate with poor PC clinical outcomes and increased DDR in biopsy RNA-seq studies. In contrast, miR-346 is associated with improved PC survival. INDUCE-seq reveals that miR-346-induced DSBs occur preferentially at binding sites of the most highly-transcriptionally active transcription factors in PC cells, including c-Myc, FOXA1, HOXB13, NKX3.1, and importantly, AR, resulting in target transcript downregulation. Further, RNA-seq reveals widespread miR-346 and shNORAD dysregulation of DNA damage, replication and cell cycle processes. NORAD drives target-directed miR decay (TDMD) of miR-346 as a novel genome protection mechanism: NORAD silencing increases mature miR-346 levels by several thousand-fold, and WT but not TDMD-mutant NORAD rescues miR-346-induced DNA damage. Importantly, miR-346 sensitises PC cells to DNA-damaging drugs including PARP inhibitor and chemotherapy, and induces tumour regression as a monotherapy in vivo, indicating that targeting miR-346:NORAD balance is a valid therapeutic strategy. CONCLUSIONS A balancing act between miR-346 and NORAD regulates DNA damage and repair in PC. miR-346 may be particularly effective as a therapeutic in the context of decreased NORAD observed in advanced PC, and in transcriptionally-hyperactive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Fletcher
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - L Deng
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F Orafidiya
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - W Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - M P G S Lorentzen
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - O W Cyran
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Varela-Carver
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T A Constantin
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D A Leach
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - F M Dobbs
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
- Broken String Biosciences, Unit AB303, Level 3, BioData Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Figueiredo
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - B Gurel
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - E Parkes
- Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, London, UK
| | - D Bogdan
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - R R Pereira
- Translational Oncogenomics, Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S G Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Neeb
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - F Issa
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Hester
- Transplantation Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Kudo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y Liu
- Veracyte, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Y Philippou
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - R Bristow
- Translational Oncogenomics, Manchester Cancer Research Centre and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - K Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- American Cancer Society and American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, Washington DC, USA
| | - R J Bryant
- Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, London, UK
| | - F Y Feng
- Departments of Urology and Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S H Reed
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - I G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - C L Bevan
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Kudo H, Yoshinaga S, Li X, Lei S, Zhang S, Sun Q, Koriyama C, Akiba S, Tokonami S. The First Attempt to Reevaluate Radon and Thoron Exposure in Gansu Province Study Using Radon-Thoron Discriminating Measurement Technique. Front Public Health 2021; 9:764201. [PMID: 34912771 PMCID: PMC8666718 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.764201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the epidemiological studies provide evidence for an increased risk of lung cancer risk associated with residential radon, an issue of radon-thoron discrimination remains to be solved. In this study, an updated evaluation of lung cancer risk among the residents in Gansu, China was performed where one of the major epidemiological studies on indoor radon demonstrated an increased risk of lung cancer. We analyzed data from a hospital-based case-control study that included 30 lung cancer cases and 39 controls with special attention to internal exposure assessment based on the discriminative measurement technique of radon isotopes. Results from the analyses showed non-significant increased lung cancer risks; odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, smoking, and total income were 0.35 (95% CI: 0.07–1.74) and 0.27 (95% CI: 0.04–1.74) for groups living in residences with indoor radon concentrations of 50–100 Bq m−3 and over 100 Bq m−3, respectively, compared with those with < 50 Bq m−3 indoor radon concentrations. Although the small sample size hampers the usefulness of present analyses, our study suggests that reevaluation of lung cancer risk associated with residential radon in the epidemiological studies will be required on the basis of precise exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kudo
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinji Yoshinaga
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shujie Lei
- National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shouzhi Zhang
- National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Quanfu Sun
- National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chihaya Koriyama
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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10
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Antonowicz S, Abbassi-Ghadi N, Bodai Z, Wiggins T, Markar S, Boshier P, Goh YM, Adam M, Lu H, Kudo H, Rosini F, Goldin R, Moralli D, Green C, Peters C, Habib N, Gabra H, Fitzgerald R, Takats Z, Hanna G. P-OGC39 The smell of oesophageal adenocarcinoma: opportunities for tests and treatments. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab430.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exhaled breath analysis is a promising approach for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) early detection. The biomarkers of interest are low molecular weight metabolites including volatile aldehydes. In this translational study we investigated whether these metabolites originated from a tumoral source, and how this might impact the diagnosis and treatment of OAC patients.
Methods
The investigative strategy was directed by an unbiased informatics screen of metabolic reprogramming in OAC, and validated using complimentary gene expression assays (n = 638, including controls). Mass spectrometric methods were used to quantify corresponding metabolites and putative source compounds at a tissue level (n = 158), and also in exhaled breath for correlative purposes. Targeted in vitro experiments were performed to demonstrate the cause and effect of the proposed model of metabolic reprogramming in OAC.
Results
The unbiased screen and subsequent validation found that reduced aldehyde detoxification is an OAC hallmark. In vitro and in vivo this was associated with endogenous aldehyde accumulation. OAC tissue was generally enriched for volatile aldehydes, including the genotoxins formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 2-butenal, and the exhaled biomarker decanal (all P < 0.0001). Decanal concentrations correlated with exhaled concentrations. Considering potential aldehyde sources, the OAC phospholipidome was characterised by desaturated and longer lipid acyls, and these spontaneously generated biomarker aldehyde species at ambient conditions. Enriched genotoxic aldehydes were detectable in base-pairing positions in DNA; this genotoxicity was therapeutically targetable with aldehyde scavengers in vitro.
Conclusions
These data support a model for enriched exhaled aldehydes based on increased production from an altered lipid phenotype, and reduced detoxification. Some aldehydes are non-reactive and thus support non-invasive detection. Others react with DNA and increase local genotoxicity; this process is druggable. These findings have implications for OAC early diagnosis and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nima Abbassi-Ghadi
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Bodai
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wiggins
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yan Mei Goh
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Adam
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haonan Lu
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nagy Habib
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hani Gabra
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Strittmatter N, Kanvatirth P, Inglese P, Race AM, Nilsson A, Dannhorn A, Kudo H, Goldin RD, Ling S, Wong E, Seeliger F, Serra MP, Hoffmann S, Maglennon G, Hamm G, Atkinson J, Jones S, Bunch J, Andrén PE, Takats Z, Goodwin RJA, Mastroeni P. Holistic Characterization of a Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Model Using Integrated Molecular Imaging. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:2791-2802. [PMID: 34767352 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A more complete and holistic view on host-microbe interactions is needed to understand the physiological and cellular barriers that affect the efficacy of drug treatments and allow the discovery and development of new therapeutics. Here, we developed a multimodal imaging approach combining histopathology with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and same section imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to study the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in the liver of a mouse model using the S. Typhimurium strains SL3261 and SL1344. This approach enables correlation of tissue morphology and specific cell phenotypes with molecular images of tissue metabolism. IMC revealed a marked increase in immune cell markers and localization in immune aggregates in infected tissues. A correlative computational method (network analysis) was deployed to find metabolic features associated with infection and revealed metabolic clusters of acetyl carnitines, as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species, which could be associated with pro-inflammatory immune cell types. By developing an IMC marker for the detection of Salmonella LPS, we were further able to identify and characterize those cell types which contained S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Strittmatter
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Panchali Kanvatirth
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, U.K
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Alan M Race
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dannhorn
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Section of Pathology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Section of Pathology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, U.K
| | - Stephanie Ling
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Edmond Wong
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Frank Seeliger
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Maria Paola Serra
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Scott Hoffmann
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - James Atkinson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Stewart Jones
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Josephine Bunch
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- National Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry Imaging (NiCE-MSI), National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Per E Andrén
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, U.K
| | - Pietro Mastroeni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, U.K
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12
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Kudo H, Okuyama MW, Sakamoto KQ, Uchida K, Sato K. Serotonin-manipulated juvenile green sea turtles Chelonia mydas exhibit reduced fear-like behaviour. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals display fear-like behaviours before escaping from predators. This response triggers both behavioural and physiological changes in multiple body systems, allowing animals to escape danger and ensure survival. Fear-like behaviour is modulated by the serotonergic system in the brain of vertebrates, which shapes social behaviour and cooperative behaviours. Using fluoxetine (FLX), a common pharmaceutical that alters the levels of serotonin in the brain, we aimed to clarify whether the same is true in solitary animals like green turtles Chelonia mydas. Green turtles exhibit individual differences in their response to risk. If fear-related behaviours are regulated by the serotonin system in turtles, the fear-like responses of individuals injected with FLX could change. We therefore assessed the effect of FLX injection on the behavioural responses to a fear stimulus in 9 wild juvenile green turtles in an aquarium setting. We inserted a hand net as a stimulus into the aquarium (within a designated inspection zone) to elicit a fear-like behaviour and measured the time that turtles spent in this zone. All turtles exhibited fear-like behaviour and fled from the stimulus prior to any injection treatment. Turtles with control injection (no FLX) also fled and avoided the inspection zone with the fear stimulus. FLX injection appeared to reduce the turtles’ fear of the stimulus: The total time turtles injected with FLX spent in the inspection zone was significantly longer than for turtles that received a control medium injection. Control turtles fled from the stimulus and were initially vigilant and avoided the area with the stimulus, but then moved throughout the aquarium, including the inspection zone. These data suggest that fear-like behaviour is modulated by the serotonin-mediated nerve system in juvenile green turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kudo
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - MW Okuyama
- Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - KQ Sakamoto
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Oita environmental conservation forum, Nishishinchi, Oita, Oita 870-0901, Japan
| | - K Sato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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13
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Tokonami S, Miura T, Akata N, Tazoe H, Hosoda M, Chutima K, Kudo H, Ogura K, Fujishima Y, Tamakuma Y, Shimizu M, Kikuchi K, Kashiwakura I. Support activities in Namie Town, Fukushima undertaken by Hirosaki University. Ann ICRP 2021; 50:102-108. [PMID: 34092120 DOI: 10.1177/01466453211006806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.Several radiation monitoring research projects are underway on dose assessment, biological analysis, and risk communication under an agreement with Namie Town. Indoor radon and thoron progeny concentrations have been measured using passive-type monitors to estimate internal doses due to inhalation. In addition, airborne radiocaesium concentrations at five points in Namie Town have been analysed using a high-purity germanium detector to estimate internal doses for comparison with radon. External radiation doses from natural and artificial radionuclides have also been estimated using an in-situ gamma-ray spectrometer. Other support activities are mentioned briefly in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail:
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail:
| | - Naofumi Akata
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail:
| | - Hirofumi Tazoe
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail:
| | - Masahiro Hosoda
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail: .,Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Kranrod Chutima
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail:
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Koya Ogura
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail:
| | - Yuki Tamakuma
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail:
| | - Mayumi Shimizu
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail:
| | - Kazutaka Kikuchi
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan; e-mail:
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14
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Antonowicz S, Bodai Z, Wiggins T, Markar SR, Boshier PR, Goh YM, Adam ME, Lu H, Kudo H, Rosini F, Goldin R, Moralli D, Green CM, Peters CJ, Habib N, Gabra H, Fitzgerald RC, Takats Z, Hanna GB. Endogenous aldehyde accumulation generates genotoxicity and exhaled biomarkers in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1454. [PMID: 33674602 PMCID: PMC7935981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile aldehydes are enriched in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients' breath and could improve early diagnosis, however the mechanisms of their production are unknown. Here, we show that weak aldehyde detoxification characterizes EAC, which is sufficient to cause endogenous aldehyde accumulation in vitro. Two aldehyde groups are significantly enriched in EAC biopsies and adjacent tissue: (i) short-chain alkanals, and (ii) medium-chain alkanals, including decanal. The short-chain alkanals form DNA-adducts, which demonstrates genotoxicity and confirms inadequate detoxification. Metformin, a putative aldehyde scavenger, reduces this toxicity. Tissue and breath concentrations of the medium-chain alkanal decanal are correlated, and increased decanal is linked to reduced ALDH3A2 expression, TP53 deletion, and adverse clinical features. Thus, we present a model for increased exhaled aldehydes based on endogenous accumulation from reduced detoxification, which also causes therapeutically actionable genotoxicity. These results support EAC early diagnosis trials using exhaled aldehyde analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Antonowicz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zsolt Bodai
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Wiggins
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Piers R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yan Mei Goh
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mina E Adam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Haonan Lu
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Chromosome Dynamics Core, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine M Green
- Chromosome Dynamics Core, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris J Peters
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nagy Habib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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15
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Kudo H, Nishizawa H, Uchida K, Sato K. Boldness–exploration behavioral syndrome in wild sub-adult green sea turtles caught at Oita, Japan. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Triantafyllou E, Gudd CL, Mawhin MA, Husbyn HC, Trovato FM, Siggins MK, O'Connor T, Kudo H, Mukherjee SK, Wendon JA, Bernsmeier C, Goldin RD, Botto M, Khamri W, McPhail MJ, Possamai LA, Woollard KJ, Antoniades CG, Thursz MR. PD-1 blockade improves Kupffer cell bacterial clearance in acute liver injury. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140196. [PMID: 33320839 PMCID: PMC7880414 DOI: 10.1172/jci140196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute liver failure (ALF) have systemic innate immune suppression and increased susceptibility to infections. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expression by macrophages has been associated with immune suppression during sepsis and cancer. We therefore examined the role of the programmed cell death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway in regulating Kupffer cell (KC) inflammatory and antimicrobial responses in acetaminophen-induced (APAP-induced) acute liver injury. Using intravital imaging and flow cytometry, we found impaired KC bacterial clearance and systemic bacterial dissemination in mice with liver injury. We detected increased PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in KCs and lymphocyte subsets, respectively, during injury resolution. Gene expression profiling of PD-1+ KCs revealed an immune-suppressive profile and reduced pathogen responses. Compared with WT mice, PD-1–deficient mice and anti–PD-1–treated mice with liver injury showed improved KC bacterial clearance, a reduced tissue bacterial load, and protection from sepsis. Blood samples from patients with ALF revealed enhanced PD-1 and PD-L1 expression by monocytes and lymphocytes, respectively, and that soluble PD-L1 plasma levels could predict outcomes and sepsis. PD-1 in vitro blockade restored monocyte functionality. Our study describes a role for the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in suppressing KC and monocyte antimicrobial responses after liver injury and identifies anti–PD-1 immunotherapy as a strategy to reduce infection susceptibility in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and.,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathrin Lc Gudd
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and.,Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Anne Mawhin
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah C Husbyn
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and
| | - Francesca M Trovato
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas O'Connor
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sujit K Mukherjee
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and
| | - Julia A Wendon
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Bernsmeier
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Centre for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Botto
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wafa Khamri
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and
| | - Mark Jw McPhail
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia A Possamai
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos G Antoniades
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, and
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17
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Kazanc E, Karali E, Wu V, Inglese P, McKenzie J, Tripp A, Koundouros N, Tsalikis T, Kudo H, Poulogiannis G, Takats Z. Abstract PO-042: A multimodal analysis in breast cancer: Revealing metabolic heterogeneity using DESI-MS imaging with Laser-microdissection coupled transcriptome approach. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tumhet2020-po-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
A multi-modal analysis approach using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI-MSI) and RNA-Seq can envision a complete metabolic and genetic information from clinical specimens revealing tumour heterogeneity. Coupled with laser capture microdissection (LCM) provides a compelling opportunity for molecular sub-characterizing of the tumour tissues. The envisioned combination analysis raises special requirements, including short LCM time, to prevent RNA degradation during microdissection at room temperature. The isolated RNA must have sufficient quality and quantity to carry out RNA seq for transcriptomics.
Objectives
The aim of this study was developing a multi-modal analysis protocol obtaining metabolic clusters to get a more in-depth knowledge for tumour-heterogeneity from Patient-derived Xenografts (PDXs) and clinical specimens.
Methods
PDXs and primary tissue biopsies from patients with Breast cancer were cryosectioned at ten μm and mounted on PEN membrane glass slides, which are unique slides for LASER Capture Microdissection (LDM). The DESI imaging analysis area was obtained line-by-line using the DEFFI sprayer. The analyzed tissue sections were stained with H&E and annotated by a histopathologist to allow the alignment of optical and MSI images. Next, the areas of interest in the same slide were microdissected by Laser Capture Microdissection for LC-MS and RNA-seq (Leica LDM 7000). RNA was isolated with a commercial kit (Qiagen RNeasy Micro Kit). Finally, standardization of RNA quality control was done by the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer System and followed by RNA Sequencing.
Results
Preliminary results showed that the extracted samples from microdissected sections using Laser Capture Microdissected for LC-MS could be used to validate the metabolites and lipids, which already had been imaged by DESI-MSI. These DESI-MSI and LC-MS results, which obtained from specific areas on the tissue sections can be attributed to identifying metabolically different sub-clones in the adjacent tumour sections.
The next identification method for sub-cloning is a transcriptomic approach. For the transcriptomic study, the results of Agilent showed that the RNA quality of samples was sufficiently competent to carry out downstream analysis, including RNA seq. RNA seq can identify specific gene expression of the pathways, which are related to the identified metabolic profiling by DESI-MSI and LC-MS.
Conclusion:
We found that developing a multi-modal analysis protocol coupled to Laser capture microdissection is a promising approach for the identification of metabolic heterogeneity in the cancerous specimens.
Citation Format: Emine Kazanc, Evi Karali, Vincen Wu, Paolo Inglese, James McKenzie, Aurelien Tripp, Nikos Koundouros, Thanasis Tsalikis, Hiromi Kudo, George Poulogiannis, Zoltan Takats. A multimodal analysis in breast cancer: Revealing metabolic heterogeneity using DESI-MS imaging with Laser-microdissection coupled transcriptome approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kazanc
- 1Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Computational System Medicine, United Kingdom,
| | - Evi Karali
- 2Institute of Cancer Research, London, Cancer Biology, United Kingdom
| | - Vincen Wu
- 1Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Computational System Medicine, United Kingdom,
| | - Paolo Inglese
- 1Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Computational System Medicine, United Kingdom,
| | - James McKenzie
- 1Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Computational System Medicine, United Kingdom,
| | - Aurelien Tripp
- 2Institute of Cancer Research, London, Cancer Biology, United Kingdom
| | - Nikos Koundouros
- 2Institute of Cancer Research, London, Cancer Biology, United Kingdom
| | - Thanasis Tsalikis
- 2Institute of Cancer Research, London, Cancer Biology, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- 1Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Computational System Medicine, United Kingdom,
| | | | - Zoltan Takats
- 1Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Computational System Medicine, United Kingdom,
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18
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Heath H, Britton G, Kudo H, Renney G, Ward M, Hutchins R, Foster GR, D Goldin R, Alazawi W. Stat2 loss disrupts damage signalling and is protective in acute pancreatitis. J Pathol 2020; 252:41-52. [PMID: 32506441 DOI: 10.1002/path.5481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The severity of sterile inflammation, as seen in acute pancreatitis, is determined by damage-sensing receptors, signalling cascades and cytokine production. Stat2 is a type I interferon signalling mediator that also has interferon-independent roles in murine lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB-mediated sepsis. However, its role in sterile inflammation is unknown. We hypothesised that Stat2 determines the severity of non-infective inflammation in the pancreas. Wild type (WT) and Stat2-/- mice were injected i.p. with caerulein or l-arginine. Specific cytokine-blocking antibodies were used in some experiments. Pancreata and blood were harvested 1 and 24 h after the final dose of caerulein and up to 96 h post l-arginine. Whole-tissue phosphoproteomic changes were assessed using label-free mass spectrometry. Tissue-specific Stat2 effects were studied in WT/Stat2-/- bone marrow chimera and using Cre-lox recombination to delete Stat2 in pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1)-expressing cells. Stat2-/- mice were protected from caerulein- and l-arginine-induced pancreatitis. Protection was independent of type I interferon signalling. Stat2-/- mice had lower cytokine levels, including TNF-α and IL-10, and reduced NF-κB nuclear localisation in pancreatic tissue compared with WT. Inhibition of TNF-α improved (inhibition of IL-10 worsened) caerulein-induced pancreatitis in WT but not Stat2-/- mice. Phosphoproteomics showed downregulation of MAPK mediators but accumulation of Ser412-phosphorylated Tak1. Stat2 deletion in Pdx1-expressing acinar cells (Stat2flox/Pdx1-cre ) reduced pancreatic TNF-α expression, but not histological injury or serum amylase. WT/Stat2-/- bone marrow chimera mice were protected from pancreatitis irrespective of host or recipient genotype. Stat2 loss results in disrupted signalling in pancreatitis, upstream of NF-κB in non-acinar and/or bone marrow-derived cells. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Heath
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Gary Britton
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - George Renney
- Proteomics, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Malcolm Ward
- Proteomics, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Hutchins
- Hepatopancreaticobiliary Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Graham R Foster
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - William Alazawi
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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19
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Abbassi-Ghadi N, Antonowicz SS, McKenzie JS, Kumar S, Huang J, Jones EA, Strittmatter N, Petts G, Kudo H, Court S, Hoare JM, Veselkov K, Goldin R, Takáts Z, Hanna GB. De Novo Lipogenesis Alters the Phospholipidome of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2764-2774. [PMID: 32345674 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is rising, survival remains poor, and new tools to improve early diagnosis and precise treatment are needed. Cancer phospholipidomes quantified with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can support objective diagnosis in minutes using a routine frozen tissue section. However, whether MSI can objectively identify primary esophageal adenocarcinoma is currently unknown and represents a significant challenge, as this microenvironment is complex with phenotypically similar tissue-types. Here, we used desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (DESI-MSI) and bespoke chemometrics to assess the phospholipidomes of esophageal adenocarcinoma and relevant control tissues. Multivariate models derived from phospholipid profiles of 117 patients were highly discriminant for esophageal adenocarcinoma both in discovery (AUC = 0.97) and validation cohorts (AUC = 1). Among many other changes, esophageal adenocarcinoma samples were markedly enriched for polyunsaturated phosphatidylglycerols with longer acyl chains, with stepwise enrichment in premalignant tissues. Expression of fatty acid and glycerophospholipid synthesis genes was significantly upregulated, and characteristics of fatty acid acyls matched glycerophospholipid acyls. Mechanistically, silencing the carbon switch ACLY in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells shortened glycerophospholipid chains, linking de novo lipogenesis to the phospholipidome. Thus, DESI-MSI can objectively identify invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma from a number of premalignant tissues and unveils mechanisms of phospholipidomic reprogramming. SIGNIFICANCE: These results call for accelerated diagnosis studies using DESI-MSI in the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy suite, as well as functional studies to determine how polyunsaturated phosphatidylglycerols contribute to esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Abbassi-Ghadi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan S Antonowicz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James S McKenzie
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sacheen Kumar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Radiotherapy & Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juzheng Huang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emrys A Jones
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Petts
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Court
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Hoare
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirill Veselkov
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zoltán Takáts
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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20
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Bineng GS, Saïdou, Tokonami S, Hosoda M, Tchuente Siaka YF, Issa H, Suzuki T, Kudo H, Bouba O. The Importance of Direct Progeny Measurements for Correct Estimation of Effective Dose Due to Radon and Thoron. Front Public Health 2020; 8:17. [PMID: 32117852 PMCID: PMC7026246 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radon (Rn), thoron (Tn), and thoron progeny (TnP) were measured in seven inhabited areas of the uranium and thorium bearing region of Lolodorf, located in southwestern Cameroon. Then the equilibrium factor (FTn) between thoron and its progeny was determined in order to show the importance of direct progeny measurements for correct estimation of effective dose due to radon, thoron and their progenies. A total of 220 RADUET detectors were used to measure indoor radon and thoron and 130 TnP monitors for thoron progeny indoors. The arithmetic and geometric mean concentrations of Rn, Tn, and TnP were 103 and 89 Bq m−3, 173, and 118 Bq m−3, 10.7, and 7.4 Bq m−3, respectively. Total effective dose determined from radon, thoron, and their progenies was estimated at 4.2 ± 0.5 mSv y−1. Thoron equilibrium factor varied according to seasons, the type of dwelling, building materials and localities. Thoron (Tn and TnP) contribution to effective dose ranged between 3 and 80% with the average value of 53%. Total effective dose estimated from the world average equilibrium factor of 0.02 given by UNSCEAR was 2.7 ± 0.2 mSv y−1. The effective dose due to thoron varied greatly according to the different values taken by FTn and was different from that determined directly using TnP concentrations. Thus, effective dose due to thoron determined from the equilibrium factor is unreliable. Therefore, the risk of public exposure due to thoron (Tn and TnP) may therefore be higher than that of radon (Rn and RnP) in many parts of the world if FTn is no longer used in estimating total effective dose. This is not in contradiction with the UNSCEAR conclusions. It is therefore important to directly measure the radon and thoron progeny for a correct estimate of effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Samuel Bineng
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Nuclear Technology Section, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Saïdou
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Nuclear Technology Section, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Radiation Emergency and Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosoda
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Hamadou Issa
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Takahito Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Radiation Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Oumarou Bouba
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
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21
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Ndjana Nkoulou Ii JE, Ngoa Engola L, Hosoda M, Bongue D, Suzuki T, Kudo H, Kwato Njock MG, Tokonami S. SIMULTANEOUS INDOOR RADON, THORON AND THORON PROGENY MEASUREMENTS IN BETARE-OYA GOLD MINING AREAS, EASTERN CAMEROON. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 185:391-401. [PMID: 30916308 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indoor radon (Rn), thoron (Tn) and thoron progeny (TnP) were simultaneously measured in the gold mining areas of Betare-Oya using RADUET detectors and TnP monitors. Rn and Tn concentrations range between 88-282 and 4-383 Bq m-3, respectively, with the arithmetic means of 133 ± 39 and 93 ± 76 Bq m-3. The 76% of houses for Rn and 25% for Tn exceed the WHO reference level of 100 Bq m-3 and 3% of the houses exceed the ICRP threshold of 300 Bq m-3. The equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration ranges between 1 and 19 Bq m-3 with a mean value of 6 ± 4 Bq m-3. The thoron equilibrium factor ranges between 0.01 and 0.55 with arithmetic mean of 0.11, higher than the world average value of 0.02 given by UNSCEAR. The total inhalation dose due to Rn, Tn and their progeny ranges between 1.8 and 6.2 mSv y-1 with the arithmetic mean of 3.8 ± 1.1 mSv y-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Emmanuel Ndjana Nkoulou Ii
- Nuclear Technology Section, Institute of Geological and Mining Research, PO Box 4110, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Louis Ngoa Engola
- Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics, University of Douala, PO Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Masahiro Hosoda
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Daniel Bongue
- Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics, University of Douala, PO Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Takahito Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Moïse Godfroy Kwato Njock
- Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Optics, University of Douala, PO Box 8580, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Department of Radiation Physics, Hirosaki University, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, 66-1 Honcho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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22
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Serge Didier TS, Tokonami S, Hosoda M, Suzuki T, Kudo H, Bouba O. Simultaneous measurements of indoor radon and thoron and inhalation dose assessment in Douala City, Cameroon. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2019; 55:499-510. [PMID: 31394926 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1649258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radon, thoron and associated progeny measurements have been carried out in 71 dwellings of Douala city, Cameroon. The radon-thoron discriminative detectors (RADUET) were used to estimate the radon and thoron concentration, while thoron progeny monitors measured equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration (EETC). Radon, thoron and thoron progeny concentrations vary from 31 ± 1 to 436 ± 12 Bq m-3, 4 ± 7 to 246 ± 5 Bq m-3, and 1.5 ± 0.9 to 13.1 ± 9.4 Bq m-3. The mean value of the equilibrium factor for thoron is estimated at 0.11 ± 0.16. The annual effective dose due to exposure to indoor radon and progeny ranges from 0.6 to 9 mSv a-1 with an average value of 2.6 ± 0.1 mSv a-1. The effective dose due to the exposure to thoron and progeny vary from 0.3 to 2.9 mSv a-1 with an average value of 1.0 ± 0.4 mSv a-1. The contribution of thoron and its progeny to the total inhalation dose ranges from 7 to 60 % with an average value of 26 %; thus their contributions should not be neglected in the inhalation dose assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takoukam Soh Serge Didier
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I , Yaoundé , Cameroon
- Nuclear Technology Section, Institute of Geological and Mining Research , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki City , Japan
| | - Masahiro Hosoda
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki City, Aomori , Japan
| | - Takahito Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki City, Aomori , Japan
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki City, Aomori , Japan
| | - Oumarou Bouba
- Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I , Yaoundé , Cameroon
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23
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Shiroma Y, Hosoda M, Iwaoka K, Hegedűs M, Kudo H, Tsujiguchi T, Yamaguchi M, Akata N, Kashiwakura I, Tokonami S. CHANGES OF ABSORBED DOSE RATE IN AIR BY CAR-BORNE SURVEY IN NAMIE TOWN, FUKUSHIMA PREFECTURE AFTER THE FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACCIDENT. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:527-530. [PMID: 31038712 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The latest car-borne survey was carried out by Hirosaki University in order to grasp the local distribution of the absorbed dose rate in air after the evacuation order was lifted on Namie Town in 2017. The car-borne survey of absorbed dose rate in air was carried out on most of the roads which were accessible by car in Namie Town using a 3-in × 3-in NaI(Tl) scintillation spectrometer. The range of the absorbed dose rate in air was calculated to be 0.041-11 μGy h-1. The distribution maps of the absorbed dose rate in air were drawn based on the data obtained during the surveys in 2011, 2015 and 2017. The comparison of these absorbed dose rates in air suggests that the elevated absorbed dose rate in air in Namie Town caused by the FDNPP accident may be decreasing faster than natural decline which includes weathering effect and physical decay due to the artificial decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shiroma
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - M Hosoda
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - K Iwaoka
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Hegedűs
- Hirosaki University Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - H Kudo
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - T Tsujiguchi
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - M Yamaguchi
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - N Akata
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Toki, Japan
| | - I Kashiwakura
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Hirosaki University Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Autsavapromporn N, Dukaew N, Wongnoppavich A, Chewaskulyong B, Roytrakul S, Klunklin P, Phantawong K, Chitapanarux I, Sripun P, Kritsananuwat R, Amphol S, Pornnumpa C, Suzuki T, Kudo H, Hosoda M, Tokonami S. IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL BIOMARKERS FOR LUNG CANCER RISK IN HIGH LEVELS OF RADON BY PROTEOMICS: A PILOT STUDY. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:496-499. [PMID: 31330007 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Radon is the second most important risk factor for lung cancer after tobacco smoking. In Chiang Mai, Thailand, the values of indoor radon activity concentrations are considerably higher than global average values and it is a highest level among East Asian countries. The aim of our study is to identify novel biomarkers for lung cancer risk in high radon areas using a proteomic approach. In our transitional study, a total of 81 participants of non-smokers were examined, consist of 25 lung cancer patients (LC), 16 healthy controls from low levels of natural radiation areas (LLNRA) and 40 healthy controls from high levels of natural radiation areas (HLNRA). The results showed that a total of 799 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Among these, a total of 25 proteins were observed in both LC and HLNRA, but not in LINRA. Owing to the results obtained from this study, we also point out the research direction regarding the validation of some new candidate protein as a biomarker to screen population with high risk for lung cancer in the area with high levels of radon.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Autsavapromporn
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Northern Thai Research Group of Radiation Oncology (NTRG-RO), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - N Dukaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - A Wongnoppavich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - B Chewaskulyong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - P Klunklin
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Northern Thai Research Group of Radiation Oncology (NTRG-RO), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - K Phantawong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - I Chitapanarux
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Northern Thai Research Group of Radiation Oncology (NTRG-RO), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P Sripun
- Northern Thai Research Group of Radiation Oncology (NTRG-RO), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - R Kritsananuwat
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Amphol
- Chiang Mai Neurological Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C Pornnumpa
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotope, Faculty of Sciences, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Suzuki
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - H Kudo
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - M Hosoda
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Nyambura C, Tokonami S, Hashim NO, Chege MW, Suzuki T, Kudo H, Hosoda M. ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE ASSESSMENT DUE TO RADON AND THORON PROGENIES IN DWELLINGS OF KILIMAMBOGO, KENYA. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:430-434. [PMID: 31034555 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human beings are continuously exposed to ionising radiation originating from natural or artificial sources. Uranium-238 and Thorium-232 found in building materials are important sources of radon and thoron in the indoor environment. The concentration levels of radon, thoron and thoron progeny were measured in mud-walled, metallic or iron sheet-walled and stone-walled modern houses in Kilimambogo region, Kenya for 3 months. Radon and thoron concentration levels were measured using passive radon-thoron discriminative monitors (RADUET), while thoron progeny concentrations as the equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration (EETC) were measured using thoron progeny monitors. The mean radon concentration levels in mud, metallic and stone-walled dwellings were 67 ± 11, 60 ± 10 and 75 ± 10 Bq m-3, respectively. The mean thoron concentration levels in the corresponding dwellings were 195 ± 36, 71 ± 24 and 161 ± 31 Bq m-3, respectively, while EETCs were 12 ± 2, 3 ± 1 and 7 ± 1 Bq m-3, respectively. The annual effective doses for radon were 1.3 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.1 and 1.4 ± 0.2 mSv y-1 in mud, metallic and stone-walled houses while those from thoron estimated from EETC were 2.4 ± 0.4, 0.5 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.2 mSv y-1 in the corresponding houses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nyambura
- Physics Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S Tokonami
- Insititute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - N O Hashim
- Physics Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M W Chege
- Physics Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - T Suzuki
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - H Kudo
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - M Hosoda
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, 66-1 Hon-Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Yamamoto A, Hester J, Macklin PS, Kawai K, Uchiyama M, Biggs D, Bishop T, Bull K, Cheng X, Cawthorne E, Coleman ML, Crockford TL, Davies B, Dow LE, Goldin R, Kranc K, Kudo H, Lawson H, McAuliffe J, Milward K, Scudamore CL, Soilleux E, Issa F, Ratcliffe PJ, Pugh CW. Systemic silencing of PHD2 causes reversible immune regulatory dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3640-3656. [PMID: 31162141 PMCID: PMC6715380 DOI: 10.1172/jci124099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological effects of cellular hypoxia are sensed by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes which regulate HIFs. Genetic interventions on HIF/PHD pathways reveal multiple phenotypes that extend the known biology of hypoxia. Recent studies unexpectedly implicate HIF in aspects of multiple immune and inflammatory pathways. However such studies are often limited by systemic lethal effects and/or use tissue-specific recombination systems, which are inherently irreversible, un-physiologically restricted and difficult to time. To study these processes better we developed recombinant mice which express tetracycline-regulated shRNAs broadly targeting the main components of the HIF/PHD pathway, permitting timed bi-directional intervention. We have shown that stabilization of HIF levels in adult mice through PHD2 enzyme silencing by RNA interference, or inducible recombination of floxed alleles, results in multi-lineage leukocytosis and features of autoimmunity. This phenotype was rapidly normalized on re-establishment of the hypoxia-sensing machinery when shRNA expression was discontinued. In both situations these effects were mediated principally through the Hif2a isoform. Assessment of cells bearing regulatory T cell markers from these mice revealed defective function and pro-inflammatory effects in vivo. We believe our findings have shown a new role for the PHD2/Hif2a couple in the reversible regulation of T cell and immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamamoto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S. Macklin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kento Kawai
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Masateru Uchiyama
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Biggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tammie Bishop
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Bull
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaotong Cheng
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Cawthorne
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew L. Coleman
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya L. Crockford
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Davies
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rob Goldin
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Lawson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James McAuliffe
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Milward
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl L. Scudamore
- Veterinary Pathology, MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Soilleux
- Department of Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Ratcliffe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris W. Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Phelps DL, Balog J, Gildea LF, Bodai Z, Savage A, El-Bahrawy MA, Speller AV, Rosini F, Kudo H, McKenzie JS, Brown R, Takáts Z, Ghaem-Maghami S. The surgical intelligent knife distinguishes normal, borderline and malignant gynaecological tissues using rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS). Br J Cancer 2018; 118:1349-1358. [PMID: 29670294 PMCID: PMC5959892 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survival from ovarian cancer (OC) is improved with surgery, but surgery can be complex and tumour identification, especially for borderline ovarian tumours (BOT), is challenging. The Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometric (REIMS) technique reports tissue histology in real-time by analysing aerosolised tissue during electrosurgical dissection. Methods Aerosol produced during diathermy of tissues was sampled with the REIMS interface. Histological diagnosis and mass spectra featuring complex lipid species populated a reference database on which principal component, linear discriminant and leave-one-patient-out cross-validation analyses were performed. Results A total of 198 patients provided 335 tissue samples, yielding 3384 spectra. Cross-validated OC classification vs separate normal tissues was high (97·4% sensitivity, 100% specificity). BOT were readily distinguishable from OC (sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 89.7%). Validation with fresh tissue lead to excellent OC detection (100% accuracy). Histological agreement between iKnife and histopathologist was very good (kappa 0.84, P < 0.001, z = 3.3). Five predominantly phosphatidic acid (PA(36:2)) and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE(34:2)) lipid species were identified as being significantly more abundant in OC compared to normal tissue or BOT (P < 0.001, q < 0.001). Conclusions The REIMS iKnife distinguishes gynaecological tissues by analysing mass-spectrometry-derived lipidomes from tissue diathermy aerosols. Rapid intra-operative gynaecological tissue diagnosis may improve surgical care when histology is unknown, leading to personalised operations tailored to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Júlia Balog
- Imperial College, London, UK.,Waters Research Centre, Budapest, Hungary
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Kudo H, Takeichi O, Hatori K, Makino K, Himi K, Ogiso B. A potential role for the silent information regulator 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) in periapical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2018; 51:747-757. [PMID: 29363137 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role played by silent information regulator 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) during angiogenesis of periapical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Periapical granulomas were subjected to dual-colour immunofluorescence imaging and real-time polymerase chain reactions assaying the expression levels of SIRT1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VE-cadherin. The association between Ki-67 and SIRT1 expression was also examined. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with a combination of lipopolysaccharide and resveratrol (a SIRT1 activator) or sirtinol (a SIRT1 inhibitor); and the levels of mRNAs encoding SIRT1, VEGF and VE-cadherin were determined. HUVEC tube formation was assayed in the presence of resveratrol or sirtinol. The Mann-Whitney U-test or the Tukey-Kramer test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Ki-67-expressing cells, including endothelial cells, lay adjacent to SIRT1-expressing cells in periapical granulomas. In addition, SIRT1-expressing cells were detected adjacent to VEGF-expressing cells and VEGF- or VE-cadherin-expressing endothelial cells. SIRT1, VEGF and VE-cadherin mRNA expression levels in periapical granulomas were significantly higher (P = 0.0054, 0.0090 and 0.0090, respectively) than those in healthy gingival tissues. HUVECs treated with resveratrol exhibited significantly higher expression of mRNAs encoding SIRT1, VEGF and VE-cadherin (P = 0.0019, 0.00005 and 0.0045, respectively) compared with controls, but sirtinol inhibited such expression. Resveratrol caused HUVECs to form tube-like structures, whilst sirtinol inhibited this process. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SIRT1 may stimulate angiogenesis in periapical granulomas by triggering the proliferation of endothelial cells and inducing VEGF and VE-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kudo
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O Takeichi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Centre, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Hatori
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Centre, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Makino
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Himi
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B Ogiso
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Centre, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Sawamura S, Jinnin M, Shimbara M, Nakamura K, Kudo H, Inoue K, Nakayama W, Kajihara I, Fukushima S, Ihn H. 402 Serum levels of genomic DNA of α1(I) collagen are detectable and elevated in scleroderma patients. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Yoshida N, Sugimoto K, Suzuki S, Kudo H. Change in oral health status associated with menopause in Japanese dental hygienists. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:157-164. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Yoshida
- Department of Dental Hygiene; Faculty of Health Care Science; Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences; Chiba Japan
| | - K Sugimoto
- Course for Oral Health Engineering; School of Oral Health Care Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - S Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Health Science Technology; Bunkyo Gakuin University; Tokyo Japan
| | - H Kudo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Health Science Technology; Bunkyo Gakuin University; Tokyo Japan
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31
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Hata S, Miyazaki S, Gondo T, Kawamoto K, Horii N, Sato K, Furukawa H, Kudo H, Miyazaki H, Murayama M. In-situ straining and time-resolved electron tomography data acquisition in a transmission electron microscope. Microscopy (Oxf) 2017; 66:143-153. [PMID: 27993950 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the preliminary results of a new in-situ three-dimensional (3D) imaging system for observing plastic deformation behavior in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) as a directly relevant development of the recently reported straining-and-tomography holder [Sato K et al. (2015) Development of a novel straining holder for transmission electron microscopy compatible with single tilt-axis electron tomography. Microsc. 64: 369-375]. We designed an integrated system using the holder and newly developed straining and image-acquisition software and then developed an experimental procedure for in-situ straining and time-resolved electron tomography (ET) data acquisition. The software for image acquisition and 3D visualization was developed based on the commercially available ET software TEMographyTM. We achieved time-resolved 3D visualization of nanometer-scale plastic deformation behavior in a Pb-Sn alloy sample, thus demonstrating the capability of this system for potential applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hata
- Department of Electrical and Materials Science and Engineering and The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Miyazaki
- FEI Company Japan Ltd. (Currently, Materials and Structural Analysis, Thermo Fisher Scientific), 4-12-2 Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0002, Japan.,Mel-Build Corporation, 3-1-15, Shimoyamato, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0052, Japan
| | - T Gondo
- Mel-Build Corporation, 3-1-15, Shimoyamato, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0052, Japan
| | - K Kawamoto
- Engineering Department, System in Frontier Inc., 2-8-3, Shinsuzuharu bldg. 4F, Akebono-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0012, Japan
| | - N Horii
- Engineering Department, System in Frontier Inc., 2-8-3, Shinsuzuharu bldg. 4F, Akebono-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0012, Japan
| | - K Sato
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - H Furukawa
- System in Frontier Inc., 2-8-3, Shinsuzuharu bldg. 4F, Akebono-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0012, Japan
| | - H Kudo
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Momose Quantum-Beam Phase Imaging Project, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - H Miyazaki
- Mel-Build Corporation, 3-1-15, Shimoyamato, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0052, Japan
| | - M Murayama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, 134 Randolph Hall (MC 0286), 460 Old Turner Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Omori Y, Tokonami S, Sahoo SK, Ishikawa T, Sorimachi A, Hosoda M, Kudo H, Pornnumpa C, Nair RRK, Jayalekshmi PA, Sebastian P, Akiba S. Radiation dose due to radon and thoron progeny inhalation in high-level natural radiation areas of Kerala, India. J Radiol Prot 2017; 37:111-126. [PMID: 28002043 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/37/1/111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate internal exposure to radon and thoron, concentrations for radon, thoron, and thoron progeny were measured for 259 dwellings located in high background radiation areas (HBRAs, outdoor external dose: 3-5 mGy y-1) and low background radiation areas (control areas, outdoor external dose: 1 mGy y-1) in Karunagappally Taluk, Kerala, India. The measurements were conducted using passive-type radon-thoron detectors and thoron progeny detectors over two six-month measurement periods from June 2010 to June 2011. The results showed no major differences in radon and thoron progeny concentrations between the HBRAs and the control areas. The geometric mean of the annual effective dose due to radon and thoron was calculated as 0.10 and 0.44 mSv, respectively. The doses were small, but not negligible compared with the external dose in the two areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Omori
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. Current address: Department of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Lin X, Li N, Kudo H, Zhang Z, Li J, Wang L, Zhang W, Takechi K, Takano H. Genes Sufficient for Synthesizing Peptidoglycan are Retained in Gymnosperm Genomes, and MurE from Larix gmelinii can Rescue the Albino Phenotype of Arabidopsis MurE Mutation. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:587-597. [PMID: 28158764 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The endosymbiotic theory states that plastids are derived from a single cyanobacterial ancestor that possessed a cell wall. Peptidoglycan (PG), the main component of the bacteria cell wall, gradually degraded during plastid evolution. PG-synthesizing Mur genes have been found to be retained in the genomes of basal streptophyte plants, although many of them have been lost from the genomes of angiosperms. The enzyme encoded by bacterial MurE genes catalyzes the formation of the UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid (UDP-MurNAc) tripeptide in bacterial PG biosynthesis. Knockout of the MurE gene in the moss Physcomitrella patens resulted in defects of chloroplast division, whereas T-DNA-tagged mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana for MurE revealed inhibition of chloroplast development but not of plastid division, suggesting that AtMurE is functionally divergent from the bacterial and moss MurE proteins. Here, we could identify 10 homologs of bacterial Mur genes, including MurE, in the recently sequenced genomes of Picea abies and Pinus taeda, suggesting the retention of the plastid PG system in gymnosperms. To investigate the function of gymnosperm MurE, we isolated an ortholog of MurE from the larch, Larix gmelinii (LgMurE) and confirmed its presence as a single copy per genome, as well as its abundant expression in the leaves of larch seedlings. Analysis with a fusion protein combining green fluorescent protein and LgMurE suggested that it localizes in chloroplasts. Cross-species complementation assay with MurE mutants of A. thaliana and P. patens showed that the expression of LgMurE cDNA completely rescued the albefaction defects in A. thaliana but did not rescue the macrochloroplast phenotype in P. patens. The evolution of plastid PG and the mechanism behind the functional divergence of MurE genes are discussed in the context of information about plant genomes at different evolutionary stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ningning Li
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Biological Science, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Katsuaki Takechi
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Takano
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
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Sheppard S, Guedes J, Mroz A, Zavitsanou AM, Kudo H, Rothery SM, Angelopoulos P, Goldin R, Guerra N. The immunoreceptor NKG2D promotes tumour growth in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13930. [PMID: 28128200 PMCID: PMC5290164 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is recognized as one of the drivers of cancer. Yet, the individual immune components that possess pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions in individual cancers remain largely unknown. NKG2D is a potent activating immunoreceptor that has emerged as an important player in inflammatory disorders besides its well-established function as tumour suppressor. Here, we provide genetic evidence of an unexpected tumour-promoting effect of NKG2D in a model of inflammation-driven liver cancer. Compared to NKG2D-deficient mice, NKG2D-sufficient mice display accelerated tumour growth associated with, an increased recruitment of memory CD8+T cells to the liver and exacerbated pro-inflammatory milieu. In addition, we show that NKG2D contributes to liver damage and consequent hepatocyte proliferation known to favour tumorigenesis. Thus, the NKG2D/NKG2D-ligand pathway provides an additional mechanism linking chronic inflammation to tumour development in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our findings expose the need to selectively target the types of cancer that could benefit from NKG2D-based immunotherapy. Expression of NKG2D immunoreceptor ligands on tumour cells is believed to inhibit tumour growth through engaging NKG2D-expressing immune cells. Here, the authors show that in a model of liver cancer the NKG2D/NKG2D-ligand pathway can also promote tumour formation by sustaining an inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Sheppard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Joana Guedes
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Anna Mroz
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College London, W2 1NY London, UK
| | | | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College London, W2 1NY London, UK
| | - Stephen M Rothery
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Panagiotis Angelopoulos
- Department of Mathematics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, 15773 Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Goldin
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College London, W2 1NY London, UK
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
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Hosoda M, Kudo H, Iwaoka K, Yamada R, Suzuki T, Tamakuma Y, Tokonami S. Characteristic of thoron ( 220Rn) in environment. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 120:7-10. [PMID: 27894046 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes importance of 220Rn (hereafter thoron) progeny measurement for the dose estimation. Although the spatial distribution of thoron activity concentration strongly depends on the distance from wall surface as an indoor thoron source), a homogeneous distribution was expected to be observed for 212Pb activity concentration which was one of thoron progeny. Furthermore, the mean equilibrium factor for thoron obtained by the recent measurements in several countries widely ranged from 0.008 to 0.07. Therefore the bronchial dose evaluated using the equilibrium factor and activity concentration of thoron instead of thoron progeny activity concentration may have a large uncertainty. Thus, the thoron progeny measurement should be investigated at each measurement point for the dose estimation for thoron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hosoda
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iwaoka
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamada
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Takahito Suzuki
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamakuma
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Science, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Shinji Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan.
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Ichida A, Hasegawa K, Takayama T, Kudo H, Sakamoto Y, Yamazaki S, Midorikawa Y, Higaki T, Matsuyama Y, Kokudo N. Randomized clinical trial comparing two vessel-sealing devices with crush clamping during liver transection. Br J Surg 2016; 103:1795-1803. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Previous RCTs have failed to demonstrate the usefulness of combining energy devices with the conventional clamp crushing method to reduce blood loss during liver transection. Here, the combination of an ultrasonically activated device (UAD) and a bipolar vessel-sealing device (BVSD) with crush clamping was investigated.
Methods
Patients scheduled to undergo hepatectomy at the University of Tokyo Hospital or Nihon University Itabashi Hospital were eligible for this parallel-group, single-blinded randomized study. Patients were assigned to a control group (no energy device used), an UAD group or a BVSD group. The primary endpoint was the volume of blood loss during liver transection. Outcomes of the control group and the combined energy device groups (UAD plus BVSD) were first compared. Pairwise comparisons among the three groups were made for outcomes for which the combined energy device group was superior to the control group.
Results
A total of 380 patients were enrolled between July 2012 and May 2014; 116 patients in the control group, 122 in the UAD group and 123 in the BVSD group were included in the final analysis. Median blood loss during liver transection was lower in the combined energy device group (245 patients) than in the control group (116 patients): median 190 (range 0–3575) versus 230 (range 3–1570) ml (P = 0·048). Pairwise comparison revealed that blood loss was lower in the BVSD group than in the control group (P = 0·043).
Conclusion
The use of energy devices combined with crush clamping reduced blood loss during liver transection. Registration number: C000008372 (www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ichida
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Takayama
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Sakamoto
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Yamazaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Midorikawa
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Higaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Matsuyama
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abbassi-Ghadi N, Golf O, Kumar S, Antonowicz S, McKenzie JS, Huang J, Strittmatter N, Kudo H, Jones EA, Veselkov K, Goldin R, Takats Z, Hanna GB. Imaging of Esophageal Lymph Node Metastases by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5647-5656. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nakamura K, Jinnin M, Kudo H, Inoue K, Nakayama W, Honda N, Kajihara I, Masuguchi S, Fukushima S, Ihn H. The role of PSMB9 upregulated by interferon signature in the pathophysiology of cutaneous lesions of dermatomyositis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:1030-41. [PMID: 26713607 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatomyositis (DM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have common skin features, including dermal mucin deposition and interferon signature, although their roles are unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify common or specific molecular changes in DM and SLE skin. METHODS Proteomic analysis was performed using DM and healthy skin. Glycosaminoglycans were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The expression of 60 proteins was upregulated or downregulated in DM skin compared with healthy skin in the proteomic analysis. Among those proteins, PSMB9, an immunoproteasome subunit, was upregulated in the epidermis of DM and SLE, but not in other skin diseases. Furthermore, versican V1, a core protein for glycosaminoglycans, was upregulated, while type I collagen was downregulated in the dermis of DM and SLE skin. Interferon stimulated PSMB9 expression in cultured keratinocytes and reduced collagen expression in dermal fibroblasts, but did not affect versican expression. The PSMB9 knock-down in keratinocytes led to significant suppression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and TGF-β3, inducers of versican synthesis. TGF-β3 expression was upregulated in both DM and SLE, while TGF-β2 expression was increased only in the DM epidermis. ΔDiHS-diS1, a component of heparan sulfate, was significantly increased only in DM. TGF-β2 expression significantly increased the ΔDiHS-diS1 expression in dermal fibroblasts in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The interferon signature in DM and SLE skin reduces collagen in dermal fibroblasts, whereas overexpression of PSMB9 induced by interferon stimulates versican inducers in epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, the TGF-β2-ΔDiHS-diS1 pathway may be responsible for the specific molecular change in DM skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - M Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Kudo
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - W Nakayama
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - N Honda
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - I Kajihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - S Masuguchi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - S Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - H Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Adachi N, Adamovitch V, Adjovi Y, Aida K, Akamatsu H, Akiyama S, Akli A, Ando A, Andrault T, Antonietti H, Anzai S, Arkoun G, Avenoso C, Ayrault D, Banasiewicz M, Banaśkiewicz M, Bernardini L, Bernard E, Berthet E, Blanchard M, Boreyko D, Boros K, Charron S, Cornette P, Czerkas K, Dameron M, Date I, De Pontbriand M, Demangeau F, Dobaczewski Ł, Dobrzyński L, Ducouret A, Dziedzic M, Ecalle A, Edon V, Endo K, Endo T, Endo Y, Etryk D, Fabiszewska M, Fang S, Fauchier D, Felici F, Fujiwara Y, Gardais C, Gaul W, Gurin L, Hakoda R, Hamamatsu I, Handa K, Haneda H, Hara T, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto T, Hashimoto K, Hata D, Hattori M, Hayano R, Hayashi R, Higasi H, Hiruta M, Honda A, Horikawa Y, Horiuchi H, Hozumi Y, Ide M, Ihara S, Ikoma T, Inohara Y, Itazu M, Ito A, Janvrin J, Jout I, Kanda H, Kanemori G, Kanno M, Kanomata N, Kato T, Kato S, Katsu J, Kawasaki Y, Kikuchi K, Kilian P, Kimura N, Kiya M, Klepuszewski M, Kluchnikov E, Kodama Y, Kokubun R, Konishi F, Konno A, Kontsevoy V, Koori A, Koutaka A, Kowol A, Koyama Y, Kozioł M, Kozue M, Kravtchenko O, Kruczała W, Kudła M, Kudo H, Kumagai R, Kurogome K, Kurosu A, Kuse M, Lacombe A, Lefaillet E, Magara M, Malinowska J, Malinowski M, Maroselli V, Masui Y, Matsukawa K, Matsuya K, Matusik B, Maulny M, Mazur P, Miyake C, Miyamoto Y, Miyata K, Miyata K, Miyazaki M, Molȩda M, Morioka T, Morita E, Muto K, Nadamoto H, Nadzikiewicz M, Nagashima K, Nakade M, Nakayama C, Nakazawa H, Nihei Y, Nikul R, Niwa S, Niwa O, Nogi M, Nomura K, Ogata D, Ohguchi H, Ohno J, Okabe M, Okada M, Okada Y, Omi N, Onodera H, Onodera K, Ooki S, Oonishi K, Oonuma H, Ooshima H, Oouchi H, Orsucci M, Paoli M, Penaud M, Perdrisot C, Petit M, Piskowski A, Płocharski A, Polis A, Polti L, Potsepnia T, Przybylski D, Pytel M, Quillet W, Remy A, Robert C, Sadowski M, Saito M, Sakuma D, Sano K, Sasaki Y, Sato N, Schneider T, Schneider C, Schwartzman K, Selivanov E, Sezaki M, Shiroishi K, Shustava I, Śniecińska A, Stalchenko E, Staroń A, Stromboni M, Studzińska W, Sugisaki H, Sukegawa T, Sumida M, Suzuki Y, Suzuki K, Suzuki R, Suzuki H, Suzuki K, Świderski W, Szudejko M, Szymaszek M, Tada J, Taguchi H, Takahashi K, Tanaka D, Tanaka G, Tanaka S, Tanino K, Tazbir K, Tcesnokova N, Tgawa N, Toda N, Tsuchiya H, Tsukamoto H, Tsushima T, Tsutsumi K, Umemura H, Uno M, Usui A, Utsumi H, Vaucelle M, Wada Y, Watanabe K, Watanabe S, Watase K, Witkowski M, Yamaki T, Yamamoto J, Yamamoto T, Yamashita M, Yanai M, Yasuda K, Yoshida Y, Yoshida A, Yoshimura K, Żmijewska M, Zuclarelli E. Measurement and comparison of individual external doses of high-school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus-the 'D-shuttle' project. J Radiol Prot 2016; 36:49-66. [PMID: 26613195 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/1/49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Twelve high schools in Japan (of which six are in Fukushima Prefecture), four in France, eight in Poland and two in Belarus cooperated in the measurement and comparison of individual external doses in 2014. In total 216 high-school students and teachers participated in the study. Each participant wore an electronic personal dosimeter 'D-shuttle' for two weeks, and kept a journal of his/her whereabouts and activities. The distributions of annual external doses estimated for each region overlap with each other, demonstrating that the personal external individual doses in locations where residence is currently allowed in Fukushima Prefecture and in Belarus are well within the range of estimated annual doses due to the terrestrial background radiation level of other regions/countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Adachi
- Adachi High School, 2-347 Kakunai, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima 964-0904, Japan
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Abbassi-Ghadi N, Jones EA, Gomez-Romero M, Golf O, Kumar S, Huang J, Kudo H, Goldin RD, Hanna GB, Takats Z. A Comparison of DESI-MS and LC-MS for the Lipidomic Profiling of Human Cancer Tissue. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2016; 27:255-264. [PMID: 26466600 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we make a direct comparison between desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) platforms for the profiling of glycerophospholipid (GPL) species in esophageal cancer tissue. In particular, we studied the similarities and differences in the range of GPLs detected and the congruency of their relative abundances as detected by each analytical platform. The main differences between mass spectra of the two modalities were found to be associated with the variance in adduct formation of common GPLs, rather than the presence of different GPL species. Phosphatidylcholines as formate adducts in UPLC-ESI-MS accounted for the majority of differences in negative ion mode and alkali metal adducts of phosphatidylcholines in DESI-MS for positive ion mode. Comparison of the relative abundance of GPLs, normalized to a common peak, revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.70 (P < 0.001). The GPL profile detected by DESI-MS is congruent to UPLC-ESI-MS, which reaffirms the role of DESI-MS for lipidomic profiling and a potential premise for quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Abbassi-Ghadi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Wing, St. Mary’s Hospital, London, W2 1NY, UK
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Kudo H, Tokonami S, Omori Y, Ishikawa T, Iwaoka K, Sahoo SK, Akata N, Hosoda M, Wanabongse P, Pornnumpa C, Sun Q, Li X, Akiba S. Comparative dosimetry for radon and thoron in high background radiation areas in China. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:155-159. [PMID: 25935013 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on internal exposure caused by the inhalation of radon and thoron progenies because the internal exposures have not yet been clarified. For their dose assessment, radon, thoron and thoron progeny concentrations were measured by passive monitors over a long period (for 6 months). Consequently, radon, thoron and equilibrium equivalent thoron concentrations were given as 124 ± 78, 1247 ± 1189 and 7.8 ± 9.1 Bq m(-3), respectively. Annual effective doses are estimated to be 3.1 ± 2.0 mSv for radon and 2.2 ± 2.5 mSv for thoron. Total dose are estimated to be 5.3 ± 3.5 mSv a(-1). The present study has revealed that the radon dose was comparable with the thoron dose, and the total dose was ∼2 times higher than the worldwide average.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kudo
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Y Omori
- Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - K Iwaoka
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Akata
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan
| | - M Hosoda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - P Wanabongse
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - C Pornnumpa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Q Sun
- National Institute of Radiological Protection, Beijing, China
| | - X Li
- National Institute of Radiological Protection, Beijing, China
| | - S Akiba
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Tanaka K, Hirayama K, Yonezawa H, Sato G, Toriyabe A, Kudo H, Hashimoto A, Matsumura M, Harada Y, Kurihara Y, Shirouzu T, Hosoya T. Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Stud Mycol 2015; 82:75-136. [PMID: 26955201 PMCID: PMC4774272 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We here taxonomically revise the suborder Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota). Sequences of SSU and LSU nrDNA and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1) are newly obtained from 106 Massarineae taxa that are phylogenetically analysed along with published sequences of 131 taxa in this suborder retrieved from GenBank. We recognise 12 families and five unknown lineages in the Massarineae. Among the nine families previously known, the monophyletic status of the Dictyosporiaceae, Didymosphaeriaceae, Latoruaceae, Macrodiplodiopsidaceae, Massarinaceae, Morosphaeriaceae, and Trematosphaeriaceae was strongly supported with bootstrap support values above 96 %, while the clades of the Bambusicolaceae and the Lentitheciaceae are moderately supported. Two new families, Parabambusicolaceae and Sulcatisporaceae, are proposed. The Parabambusicolaceae is erected to accommodate Aquastroma and Parabambusicola genera nova, as well as two unnamed Monodictys species. The Parabambusicolaceae is characterised by depressed globose to hemispherical ascomata with or without surrounding stromatic tissue, and multi-septate, clavate to fusiform, hyaline ascospores. The Sulcatisporaceae is established for Magnicamarosporium and Sulcatispora genera nova and Neobambusicola. The Sulcatisporaceae is characterised by subglobose ascomata with a short ostiolar neck, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, clavate asci, broadly fusiform ascospores, and ellipsoid to subglobose conidia with or without striate ornamentation. The genus Periconia and its relatives are segregated from the Massarinaceae and placed in a resurrected family, the Periconiaceae. We have summarised the morphological and ecological features, and clarified the accepted members of each family. Ten new genera, 22 new species, and seven new combinations are described and illustrated. The complete ITS sequences of nrDNA are also provided for all new taxa for use as barcode markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - K. Hirayama
- Apple Experiment Station, Aomori Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, 24 Fukutami, Botandaira, Kuroishi, Aomori 036-0332, Japan
| | - H. Yonezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - G. Sato
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - A. Toriyabe
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - H. Kudo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - A. Hashimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 18-8 Ueda 3 chome, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - M. Matsumura
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Y. Harada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Y. Kurihara
- OPBIO Factory, 5-8 Suzaki, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2234, Japan
| | - T. Shirouzu
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - T. Hosoya
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
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Omori Y, Tokonami S, Ishikawa T, Sahoo SK, Akata N, Sorimachi A, Hosoda M, Pornnumpa C, Wanabongse P, Kudo H, Hu YJ, Ao YX, Li XL, Li K, Fu YH, Sun QF, Akiba S. A pilot study for dose evaluation in high-level natural radiation areas of Yangjiang, China. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lian S, Yang H, Kudo H, Momose A, Yashiro W. An improved phase shift reconstruction algorithm of fringe scanning technique for X-ray microscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:023707. [PMID: 25725852 DOI: 10.1063/1.4908139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The X-ray phase imaging method has been applied to observe soft biological tissues, and it is possible to image the soft tissues by using the benefit of the so-called "Talbot effect" by an X-ray grating. One type of the X-ray phase imaging method was reported by combining an X-ray imaging microscope equipped by a Fresnel zone plate with a phase grating. Using the fringe scanning technique, a high-precision phase shift image could be obtained by displacing the grating step by step and measuring dozens of sample images. The number of the images was selected to reduce the error caused by the non-sinusoidal component of the Talbot self-image at the imaging plane. A larger number suppressed the error more but increased radiation exposure and required higher mechanical stability of equipment. In this paper, we analyze the approximation error of fringe scanning technique for the X-ray microscopy which uses just one grating and proposes an improved algorithm. We compute the approximation error by iteration and substitute that into the process of reconstruction of phase shift. This procedure will suppress the error even with few sample images. The results of simulation experiments show that the precision of phase shift image reconstructed by the proposed algorithm with 4 sample images is almost the same as that reconstructed by the conventional algorithm with 40 sample images. We also have succeeded in the experiment with real data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lian
- Midorino Research Corporation, 5-15-13 Chuo Rinkan Nishi, Yamato, Kanagawa 242-0008, Japan
| | - H Yang
- Midorino Research Corporation, 5-15-13 Chuo Rinkan Nishi, Yamato, Kanagawa 242-0008, Japan
| | - H Kudo
- Division of Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - A Momose
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - W Yashiro
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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Duggan SP, Garry C, Behan F, Kirca M, MacGarrigle S, Kudo H, Goldin RD, Botto M, Long A, Kelleher DP. siRNA library screening to define esophageal adenocarcinoma cell survival factors. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
70 Background: There is a pressing need to identify new therapeutic targets for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Hence, we utilized siRNA-screening libraries to identify genes impacting on EAC cancer cell growth to identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods: A “druggable genome” library (6,022 individual siRNAs) was utilized to examine EAC cell survival using the MTT assay. Statistical analysis combined the use of Z-factor, t-test and SSMD. EAC cell lines GohTRT, SKGT4 and OE33 were utilized. Functional validation of the resulting siRNAs utilized RT-PCR, Western Blot, ELISA and TOPFLASH assays. Results: siRNA library screening resulted in positive quality metrics (Z-factor>0.5) confirming its validity and further identifying 118 high confidence gene targets affecting EAC cell growth. Verification of these siRNA targets in multiple cell lines indicated a good level of concordance with the primary screening data. Bioinformatic and pathway mapping approaches of these targets emphasized links between EAC cell proliferation and regulators of inflammation and “immune cell processes” (LIF, C1Qa, C1r, C1s, GDF15, IL9R and TREM2). Pathological and transcriptomic studies demonstrated that LIF (FC=96.7; P<0.0001), GDF15 (EAC: FC=74; P<0.0001), C1Qa and TREM2 may be up-regulated in EAC biopsies. In functional work, exposure of EAC cell lines to recombinant or native proteins of C1q, LIF and GDF15 rescued the observed effects of their respective silencing in EAC cells (>90%,p0.001) and acted as potential growth promoters (>40%, p0.01). Auto-regulatory feedback loops were discovered in response to treatment with exogenous C1q and LIF in EAC cells. Signal transduction could be induced through b-catenin stabilization and STAT3 pathways in response to C1q and LIF treatment respectively. GDF15 was observed to act in a similar fashion to TGFb in scratch wound assays and additionally regulate Th17 type T-cell differentiation. Conclusions: Genes regulating EAC proliferation have been defined by siRNA library screening. We have identified secreted immune factors, not previously associated with EAC biology, capable of regulating EAC cell survival.
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Abbassi-Ghadi N, Veselkov K, Kumar S, Huang J, Jones E, Strittmatter N, Kudo H, Goldin R, Takáts Z, Hanna GB. Discrimination of lymph node metastases using desorption electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3661-4. [PMID: 24407514 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) has been used for the identification of cancer within lymph nodes with accurate spatial distribution in comparison to gold standard matched immuno-histopathological images. The metabolic profile of the cancerous lymph nodes was similar to that of the primary tumour site.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abbassi-Ghadi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor QEQM Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, W2 1NY, UK.
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Murakami M, Haba H, Goto S, Kanaya J, Kudo H. Production cross sections of niobium and tantalum isotopes in proton-induced reactions on natZr and natHf up to 14MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 90:149-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Suzuki S, Kudo H, Koyama T. Assessment of spontaneous platelet aggregation using laser light scattering in healthy subjects: an attempt to standardize. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 36:676-85. [PMID: 24661348 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When measuring platelet aggregation using laser light scattering, small aggregates forming without the addition of agonists may be observed. This event is called 'spontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA)'. The platelet hyperactivity observed in arterial thrombotic diseases can be detected with relative ease by measuring SPA. Standardization is urgently needed because of differences between measurement conditions among various laboratories. METHODS We conducted a systematic study of factors that affect SPA measurement, compared SPA results to flow cytometry detection of surface antigens expressed on activated platelet membranes (P-selectin, activated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa), and determined conditions that yield stable measurements. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We evaluated results from 125 healthy volunteers and established conditions for a stable measurement of SPA. As the occurrence of SPA tended to increase with age, we determined conditions valid for subjects aged 20-60 years. Blood should be collected using a syringe, and the sample should be prepared after allowing the whole blood to rest for 30 min after collection. To isolate platelet-rich plasma, a 2-mL tube should be used and centrifuged at 150 g. The sample should be stored at room temperature, the platelet count of the sample should be (250 ± 10) × 10(9) /L, and the measurement should be completed within 90 min of blood collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Laboratory Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Su L, Fonseca MB, Arya S, Kudo H, Goldin R, Hanna GB, Elson DS. Laser-induced tissue fluorescence in radiofrequency tissue-fusion characterization. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:15007. [PMID: 24449143 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.015007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heat-induced tissue fusion is an important procedure in modern surgery and can greatly reduce trauma, complications, and mortality during minimally invasive surgical blood vessel anastomosis, but it may also have further benefits if applied to other tissue types such as small and large intestine anastomoses. We present a tissue-fusion characterization technology using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, which provides further insight into tissue constituent variations at the molecular level. In particular, an increase of fluorescence intensity in 450- to 550-nm range for 375- and 405-nm excitation suggests that the collagen cross-linking in fused tissues increased. Our experimental and statistical analyses showed that, by using fluorescence spectral data, good fusion could be differentiated from other cases with an accuracy of more than 95%. This suggests that the fluorescence spectroscopy could be potentially used as a feedback control method in online tissue-fusion monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London W2 1NY, United KingdombUniversity of Liverpool, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United KingdomcUniversity of Liverpool, Departm
| | - Martina B Fonseca
- Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London W2 1NY, United KingdombUniversity of Liverpool, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Shobhit Arya
- Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Goldin
- Imperial College London, Department of Medicine, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - George B Hanna
- Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S Elson
- Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Department of Surgery and Cancer, London W2 1NY, United KingdombUniversity of Liverpool, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Liverpool L69 3GJ, United Kingdom
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Robinson O, Want E, Coen M, Kennedy R, van den Bosch C, Gebrehawaria Y, Kudo H, Sadiq F, Goldin RD, Hauser ML, Fenwick A, Toledano MB, Thursz MR. Hirmi Valley liver disease: a disease associated with exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids and DDT. J Hepatol 2014; 60:96-102. [PMID: 23973933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hirmi Valley liver disease was first reported in 2001 in Tigray, Ethiopia. 591 cases, including 228 deaths, were reported up to December 2009. The pyrrolizidine alkaloid acetyllycopsamine was detected in stored grain and residents reported adding the pesticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) directly to their food stores. We aimed to characterise the clinical features of the disease, and explore the role of these chemicals in its aetiology. METHODS 32 cases were examined and full clinical histories taken. Nine cases underwent liver biopsy in hospitals. Serum and urine samples were collected from cases and controls. Urine was analysed for acetyllycopsamine by UPLC-MS. Total DDT in serum was measured by ELISA. Hepatotoxicity of DDT and acetyllycopsamine alone or in combination was explored in C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS Clinical presentation included epigastric pain, abdominal swelling, bloody diarrhoea, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and ascites. Histology revealed acute injury characterised by centrilobular necrosis or chronic injury with bile ductular reaction, cytomegaly and fibrosis but no hepatic vein occlusion. Acetyllycopsamine was detected in urine samples taken in the affected area with significantly greater concentrations in 45 cases than in 43 controls (p=0.02). High levels of DDT (>125 ppb) were detected in 78% of serum samples. In mice, DDT (3 × 75 mg/kg) significantly increased the hepatotoxicity (plasma ALT, p=0.0065) of acetyllycopsamine (750 mg/kg), and in combination induced liver pathology similar to Hirmi Valley liver disease including centrilobular necrosis and cytomegaly. CONCLUSIONS This novel form of disease appears to be caused by co-exposure to acetyllycopsamine and DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Robinson
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Elizabeth Want
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Muireann Coen
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Fouzia Sadiq
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Michael L Hauser
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; Onehealth Foundation, Switzerland
| | - Alan Fenwick
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
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