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An HG, Shin S, Lee B, Kwon Y, Kwon TU, Kwon YJ, Chun YJ. Induction of synergistic apoptosis by tetramethoxystilbene and nutlin-3a in human cervical cancer cells. Toxicol Res 2022; 38:591-600. [PMID: 36277372 PMCID: PMC9532473 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
2,4,3',5'-Tetramethoxystilbene (TMS) is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1B1 to block the conversion from estradiol to 4-OH-estradiol. Several studies suggested that TMS may act as a potent anti-cancer agent for hormone-related cancer including cervical cancer. Nutlin-3a is a cis-imidazoline analog that interferes with the interaction between mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and the tumor suppressor p53. The purpose of the study was to compare the cytotoxic effect of TMS and nutlin-3a treatment individually and in combination in HeLa cells. To assess the potential synergistic effects between TMS and nutlin-3a, low concentrations of TMS and nutlin-3a were simultaneously treated in HeLa cells. Based on cell viability, apoptosis assays, and the increase in cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, it was demonstrated that the combination with TMS and nutlin-3a exerts a synergistic effect on cancer cell death. Isobologram analysis of HeLa cells noted synergism between TMS and nutlin-3a. The combined treatment increased the expression of mitochondrial pro-apoptotic factors such as Bax and Bak, and decreased the expression of the XIAP. In addition, combination treatment significantly enhanced the translocation of AIF to the nucleus in HeLa cells. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the combination of TMS and nutlin-3a induces synergistic apoptosis in HeLa cells, suggesting the possibility that this combination can be applied as a novel therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyu An
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, 06974 Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Joo MK, Shin S, Ye DJ, An HG, Kwon TU, Baek HS, Kwon YJ, Chun YJ. Combined treatment with auranofin and trametinib induces synergistic apoptosis in breast cancer cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:84-94. [PMID: 33103613 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1835762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Auranofin is a gold complex used as an anti-rheumatic agent and may act as a potent anticancer drug against breast tumors. Trametinib is a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. The aim of this study was to examine the synergistic effects of auranofin and trametinib on apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The combination treatment inhibited cancer cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase and apoptosis via poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and caspase-3/7 activation. It is noteworthy that this treatment significantly increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation to induce mitochondrial stress, subsequently promoting cancer cell apoptosis through release of apoptosis-inducing factor. Further data demonstrated that combined treatment significantly induced increase in nuclear translocation of AIF. These results indicated that activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis may contribute to the synergistic consequences in MCF-7 cells. Collectively, our data demonstrated that combined treatment with auranofin and trametinib exhibited synergistic breast cancer cell death and this combination might be utilized as a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Joo
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu An
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Dongjak-gu, Republic of Korea
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Ryu YS, Shin S, An HG, Kwon TU, Baek HS, Kwon YJ, Chun YJ. Synergistic Induction of Apoptosis by the Combination of an Axl Inhibitor and Auranofin in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:473-481. [PMID: 32536618 PMCID: PMC7457171 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Axl receptor tyrosine kinase has been implicated in cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis in various cancer types. Axl overexpression has been observed in many cancers, and selective inhibitors of Axl, including R428, may be promising therapeutic agents for several human cancers, such as breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers. Here, we examined the cell growth inhibition mediated by R428 and auranofin individually as well as in combination in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 to identify new advanced combination treatments for human breast cancer. Our data showed that combination therapy with R428 and auranofin markedly inhibited cancer cell proliferation. Isobologram analyses of these cells indicated a clear synergism between R428 and auranofin with a combination index value of 0.73. The combination treatment promoted apoptosis as indicated by caspase 3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Cancer cell migration was also significantly inhibited by this combination treatment. Moreover, we found that combination therapy significantly increased the expression level of Bax, a mitochondrial proapoptotic factor, but decreased that of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Furthermore, the suppression of cell viability and induction of Bax expression by the combination treatment were recovered by treatment with N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that combined treatment with R428 and auranofin synergistically induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and may thus serve as a novel and valuable approach for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Sang Ryu
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu An
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Yoo HJ, An HG, Park SY, Ryu OH, Kim HY, Seo JA, Hong EG, Shin DH, Kim YH, Kim SG, Choi KM, Park IB, Yu JM, Baik SH. Use of a real time continuous glucose monitoring system as a motivational device for poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 82:73-9. [PMID: 18701183 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of a real time continuous glucose monitoring system (RT-CGM) was studied as a behavior modification tool and the effectiveness of a RT-CGM in glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes was determined. METHODS We conducted a prospective, open-label, randomized, controlled clinical trial in 65 patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (8.0</=HbA1c</=10%) over a 3-month period. The intervention group was monitored monthly with a RT-CGM (three days at a time for 3 months) and the control group continued self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) at least four times a week for 3 months. RESULTS The HbA1c of the RT-CGM group was significantly reduced after 12 weeks compared with the SMBG group (9.1+/-1.0% to 8.0+/-1.2% vs. 8.7+/-0.7% to 8.3+/-1.1%, respectively; P=0.004). In the RT-CGM group, there was a significant reduction in total daily calorie intake, weight, body mass index (BMI), and postprandial glucose level, and a significant increase in total exercise time per week after 3 months. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the RT-CGM was useful in modifying a patient's diet and exercise habits and could induce better glycemic control than SMBG for patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 152-050, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Xu ZY, An HG, Liu LQ. Study of using microfiltration and reverse osmosis membrane technologies for reclaiming cooling water in the power industry. Water Environ Res 2007; 79:753-8. [PMID: 17710919 DOI: 10.2175/106143006x95384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A study of using dual membrane technologies, microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO), for reclaiming blowdown of the cooling tower was conducted at ZJK power plant, Hebei province, China. The study shows that the combined MF-RO system can effectively reduce water consumption in the power industry. The results indicate that MF process is capable of producing a filtrate suitable for RO treatment and achieving a silt density index (SDI) less than 2, turbidity of 0.2 NTU. The water quality of RO effluent is very good with an average conductivity of about 40 micros/cm and rejection of 98%. The product water is suitable for injection into the cooling tower to counteract with cooling water intrusion. After adopting this system, water-saving effectiveness as expressed in terms of cycles of concentration could be increased from 2.5-2.8 times to 5 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, China.
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