Versatile Polymerization-Induced Emission Polymers from Barbier Polymerization of Cinnamic Esters with Tunable Emission

Cinnamic ester is a common and abundant chemical substance, which can be extracted from natural plants. Compared with traditional esters, cinnamic ester contains α,β-unsaturated carbonyl structure with multiple reactive sites, resulting in more abundant reactivities and chemical structures. Here, a versatile polymerization-induced emission (PIE) is successfully demonstrated through Barbier polymerization of cinnamic ester. Attributed to its abundant reactivities of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl structure, Barbier polymerization of cinnamic esters with different organodihalides gives polyalcohol and polyketone via 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition, respectively, which is also confirmed by small molecular model reactions. Meanwhile, these organodihalides dependant polyalcohol and polyketone exhibit different non-traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) from aggregation-induced emission (AIE) type to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) type, where novel PIE luminogens (PIEgens) are revealed. Further potential applications in explosive detection are carried out, where it achieves TNT detection sensitivity at ppm level in solution and ng level on the test paper. This work therefore expands the structure and functionality libraries of monomer, polymer and NTIL, which might cause inspirations to different fields including polymer chemistry, NTIL, AIE and PIE.

Barbier Polymerization-Induced Emission towards Fully Substituted Polyethylene Analogues with Non-Traditional Intrinsic Luminescence

The properties of polyethylene are highly dependent on the variety and quantity of substitutions. Generally, polyethylene can only be fully substituted with fluorine atoms, mainly e. g., polytetrafluoroethylene and nafion, because atomic radius of fluorine atom is small enough. The preparation of fully substituted polyethylene analogues (FSPEA) and their non-traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) are attractive, especially for substitutions with relatively larger atomic radii than a fluorine atom. Here, Barbier polymerization-induced emission (PIE) is demonstrated as a universal method for the molecular design of NTIL type FSPEAs with intriguing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behaviors. Through Barbier polymerization of diphenyldichloromethane and different peroxyesters in the presence of Mg in one pot, a series of FSPEAs, including polytriphenylethanol (PTPE), polydiphenylfurylethanol (PDPFE), polydiphenylthiophenylethanol (PDPTE) and polydiphenylnaphthylethanol (PDPNE) have been successfully prepared. Further potential applications for explosive detection, artificial light-harvesting system and white phosphor-converted light-emitting diode are investigated. Therefore, this work opens up a new approach for the molecular design of FSPEA with non-conjugated luminescence, which may cause inspirations to different research fields like polyolefin and luminescent materials.

[Progress in diagnosis and treatment of radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma]

The radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (RIR-DTC) is a complex process that involves multiple genetic changes and multiple signaling pathways.Radionuclide imaging, genomics and proteomics are effective to clarify the mechanism and helpful in clinical diagnosis and therapy.The treatment of RIR-DTC includes the removal of distant metastases, drug therapy, external radiotherapy and radiofrequency ablation.This review mainly focuses on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of RIR-DTC.

Mapping QTLs influencing rice floral morphology using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza rufipogon Griff

To understand the genetic basis of floral traits associated with the mating system in rice, we analyzed pistil, stamen and glume traits using a recombinant inbred line population, derived from a cross between an Asian cultivated rice ( Oryza sativa L.), Pei-kuh, and a wild rice ( Oryza rufipogon Griff.), W1944. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting floral morphology were detected by composite interval mapping using a linkage map constructed using 147 markers, mostly RFLPs. A total of 7, 4, 14 and 6 QTLs were detected for traits related to pistil, stamen, and size and shape of the glume, respectively. Comparison of 31 QTLs affecting these organs revealed ten QTLs affecting the different organs in four adjacent regions on chromosomes 2, 4, 5 and 10, but most QTLs (68%) were located separately on the whole chromosomes. Although four QTLs for stigma breadth, anther length and thickness of lemma and palea explained more than 25% of the total phenotypic variance, most QTLs (87%) had smaller effects. These results suggest that quantitative variation observed for pistil, stamen and glume traits is controlled by several distinct genes with small effects.

[Effects of urapidil on cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation and incision during fentanyl co-induction]

To study the effects of urapidil (URA) on cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation and incision during fentanyl co-induction, forty-two patients (ASA I-II) were randomly divided into four groups: Group F1(n = 10), fentanyl 5 micrograms.kg-1 was given by venous injection; Group F2(n = 10), fentanyl 10 micrograms.kg-1; Group U1(n = 10), URA 0.25 mg.kg-1 plus fentanyl 5 micrograms.kg-1; Group U2(n = 12), URA 0.5 mg.kg-1 plus fentanyl 5 micrograms.kg-1. After tracheal intubation, mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic pressure (DP) in Group F1 and systolic pressure (SP) in Group U1 were increased more significantly than those in Group U2(P < 0.05). After incision, the values of SP, MAP, DP and rate-pressure product (RPP) in Group F1 were higher apparently than those in Group U2(P < 0.05); at the 5th minute, SP, MAP, heart rate (HR) and RPP in Group F1 were in higher than those in Group F2 (P < 0.05), and SP, MAP in Group U2 were lower than those in Group U1(P < 0.05). It is suggested that the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation and incision may be effectively inhibited in combination URA with fentanyl, and the dosage of fentanyl might reduce.

[Intraoperative application of acute normovolemic hemodilution]

To investigate the effects of acute normovolemic hemo-dilution(ANHD) on hemodynamics and hemobiochemistry during surgery. In 30 patients(ASA Grade I-III) undergoing selective surgery, ANHD was accomplished by exchanging whole blood(8.0 +/- 2.7) ml.kg-1 with an equal volume of gelofusine after induction of anesthesia. The results showed: after ANHD, Hb, Hct and Plc levels respectively decreased by 13.8%(P < 0.05), 17.1%(P < 0.05) and 7.1%(P > 0.05), and yet kept in normal range; MAP, HR, SpO2, ECG maintained the normal level; and no significant changes were observed in the concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl-. ANHD is a safe and effective technique of autotransfusion, and can decrease or avoid the risk of disease transmission.