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Ahn MJ, Kim SW, Costa EC, Rodríguez L, Oliveira J, Insa Molla M, Majem M, Costa L, Su WC, Lee K, Yang JH, Spigel D, Cho E, D'Arcangelo M, Campelo MG, Delmonte A, Mitchell P, Achour I, Subramaniam D, Felip E. LBA56 MEDI5752 or pembrolizumab (P) plus carboplatin/pemetrexed (CP) in treatment-naïve (1L) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A phase Ib/II trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Derbel R, Achour I, Thabet W, Chakroun A, Zouch I, Charfeddine I. Addition of magnesium sulfate to bupivacaine improves analgesic efficacy after tonsillectomy: A randomized trial and a CONSORT analysis. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2022; 139:327-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Voss M, Azad A, Hansen A, Gray J, Welsh S, Achour I, Hu H, Lewis L, Walcott F, Oosting S. Results from a randomised phase I/II trial evaluating the safety and antitumour activity of anti-PD-1 (MEDI0680)/anti-PD-L1 (durvalumab) vs anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) alone in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kuziora M, Si H, Higgs B, Brohawn P, Streicher K, Jure-Kunkel M, Raja R, Helman E, Franovic A, Cooper Z, Shrestha Y, Holoweckyj N, Lee Y, Achour I, Ye J, Mukhopadhyay P, Dennis P, Melillo G, Abdullah S, Ranade K. Somatic mutations in BRCA2, NFE2L2, ARID1A and NOTCH1 sensitize to anti-PDL1 therapy in multiple tumor types. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy493.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Belhareth K, Amouri M, Frikha I, Achour I, Elloumi M, Ghorbel A, Turki H. Lymphome T/NK extranodal de type nasal : une présentation clinique atypique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2017.09.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Achour I, Hammami B, Kharrat I, Ayadi S, Mnejja M, Charfeddine I, Ghorbel A. Sinus mucocele leading to the discovery of granulomatous rhinosinusitis. Med Sante Trop 2017; 27:230-232. [PMID: 28947397 DOI: 10.1684/mst.2017.0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Achour
- Service ORL, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3003 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - B Hammami
- Service ORL, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3003 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - I Kharrat
- Service ORL, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3003 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - S Ayadi
- Service ORL, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3003 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - M Mnejja
- Service ORL, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3003 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - I Charfeddine
- Service ORL, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3003 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - A Ghorbel
- Service ORL, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3003 Sfax, Tunisie
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Pouladi N, Achour I, Li H, Berghout J, Kenost C, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Lussier YA. Biomechanisms of Comorbidity: Reviewing Integrative Analyses of Multi-omics Datasets and Electronic Health Records. Yearb Med Inform 2016; 25:194-206. [PMID: 27830251 PMCID: PMC5171562 DOI: 10.15265/iy-2016-040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disease comorbidity is a pervasive phenomenon impacting patients' health outcomes, disease management, and clinical decisions. This review presents past, current and future research directions leveraging both phenotypic and molecular information to uncover disease similarity underpinning the biology and etiology of disease comorbidity. METHODS We retrieved ~130 publications and retained 59, ranging from 2006 to 2015, that comprise a minimum number of five diseases and at least one type of biomolecule. We surveyed their methods, disease similarity metrics, and calculation of comorbidities in the electronic health records, if present. RESULTS Among the surveyed studies, 44% generated or validated disease similarity metrics in context of comorbidity, with 60% being published in the last two years. As inputs, 87% of studies utilized intragenic loci and proteins while 13% employed RNA (mRNA, LncRNA or miRNA). Network modeling was predominantly used (35%) followed by statistics (28%) to impute similarity between these biomolecules and diseases. Studies with large numbers of biomolecules and diseases used network models or naïve overlap of disease-molecule associations, while machine learning, statistics, and information retrieval were utilized in smaller and moderate sized studies. Multiscale computations comprising shared function, network topology, and phenotypes were performed exclusively on proteins. CONCLUSION This review highlighted the growing methods for identifying the molecular mechanisms underpinning comorbidities that leverage multiscale molecular information and patterns from electronic health records. The survey unveiled that intergenic polymorphisms have been overlooked for similarity imputation compared to their intragenic counterparts, offering new opportunities to bridge the mechanistic and similarity gaps of comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Y A Lussier
- Dr. Yves A. Lussier, The University of Arizona, Bio5 Building, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, Fax: +1 520 626 4824, E-Mail:
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Achour I, Charfi S, Chaabouni MA, Chakroun A, Guermazi F, Hammami B, Ghorbel A. [Parathyromatosis: An uncommon cause of recurrent hyperparathyroidism]. Rev Med Interne 2016; 38:61-64. [PMID: 27083335 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parathyromatosis is a rare cause of recurrent hyperparathyroidism. It results from hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue scattered throughout the thyroid bed region. CASE REPORT A 51-year-old man with a history of parathyroidectomy, presented 18 years later with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgical exploration identified a single parathyroid gland. The act was completed by a central compartment dissection and ipsilateral lobectomy. The patient was free of recurrence after a one-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Parathyromatosis a rare cause of recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Its management is challenging. Extensive surgery is required with clearance of the central neck compartment and homolateral lobectomy. Medical therapy could be used to decrease parathormone level in recurrent parathyromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Achour
- Service ORL, chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie.
| | - S Charfi
- Laboratoire d'anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - M A Chaabouni
- Service ORL, chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - A Chakroun
- Service ORL, chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - F Guermazi
- Service de médecine nucléaire, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - B Hammami
- Service ORL, chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - A Ghorbel
- Service ORL, chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
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Achour I, Chakroun A, Ben Rhaiem Z, Charfeddine I, Hammami B, Ghorbel A. Chirurgie de l’adénome pléomorphe de la parotide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 116:129-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revsto.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Achour I, Chakroun A, Ayedi S, Ben Rhaiem Z, Mnejja M, Charfeddine I, Hammami B, Ghorbel A. [Idiopathic facial paralysis in children]. Arch Pediatr 2015; 22:476-9. [PMID: 25817175 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic facial palsy is the most common cause of facial nerve palsy in children. Controversy exists regarding treatment options. The objectives of this study were to review the epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as the outcome of idiopathic facial palsy in children to suggest appropriate treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on children with a diagnosis of idiopathic facial palsy from 2007 to 2012. RESULTS A total of 37 cases (13 males, 24 females) with a mean age of 13.9 years were included in this analysis. The mean duration between onset of Bell's palsy and consultation was 3 days. Of these patients, 78.3% had moderately severe (grade IV) or severe paralysis (grade V on the House and Brackmann grading). Twenty-seven patients were treated in an outpatient context, three patients were hospitalized, and seven patients were treated as outpatients and subsequently hospitalized. All patients received corticosteroids. Eight of them also received antiviral treatment. The complete recovery rate was 94.6% (35/37). The duration of complete recovery was 7.4 weeks. DISCUSSION Children with idiopathic facial palsy have a very good prognosis. The complete recovery rate exceeds 90%. However, controversy exists regarding treatment options. High-quality studies have been conducted on adult populations. Medical treatment based on corticosteroids alone or combined with antiviral treatment is certainly effective in improving facial function outcomes in adults. In children, the recommendation for prescription of steroids and antiviral drugs based on adult treatment appears to be justified. CONCLUSION Randomized controlled trials in the pediatric population are recommended to define a strategy for management of idiopathic facial paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Achour
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie.
| | - A Chakroun
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - S Ayedi
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Z Ben Rhaiem
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - M Mnejja
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - I Charfeddine
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - B Hammami
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - A Ghorbel
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
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Achour I, Chakroun A, Daoud J, Hammami B, Ghorbel A. [Low-grade adenocarcinoma of nasal cavities: a case report]. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:678-80. [PMID: 25284635 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade sinonasal adenocarcinomas are uncommon and recently described entities. Its histologic diagnosis is challenging. This tumour is characterized by a tendency to local invasion, and rare distant metastases. Well treated, the prognosis is excellent. We describe a case of low-grade nasal cavity adenocarcinoma and discuss the anatomoclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of this malignant tumour. A 54-year-old female patient presented with a 10 years history of right-sided nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis. On examination the patient had a large, firm mass in the right nasal cavity. Endoscopic sinonasal surgery was performed. The lesion was found to originate from the posteriolateral wall of the right nasal cavity. Histopathology analysis identified a low-grade sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Upon follow-up 4 years after surgery, the patient exhibited no clinical evidence of recurrence. Low-grade sinonasal adenocarcinomas are poorly defined neoplasms, accounting for 4 to 20% of all sinonasal malignancies. The nasal cavity is the most frequently involved site. Low-grade sinonasal adenocarcinomas pose a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist because they must be distinguished from benign tumours, especially adenomas. The primary treatment of sinonasal adenocarcinoma is complete surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Achour
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervicofaciale, CHU Habib-Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie.
| | - A Chakroun
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervicofaciale, CHU Habib-Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - J Daoud
- Service de carcinologie radiothérapie, CHU Habib-Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - B Hammami
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervicofaciale, CHU Habib-Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - A Ghorbel
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervicofaciale, CHU Habib-Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
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Mnejja M, Hammami B, Achour I, Chakroun A, Charfeddine I, Frikha M, Daoud J, Ghorbel A. [Post-radiation mucocele in two patients treated for nasopharyngeal cancer]. Cancer Radiother 2011; 15:254-6. [PMID: 21419685 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 30-year-old woman, with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which was treated by radiotherapy nine years previously, presented with occasional diplopia and recent headaches. A nasopharyngeal biopsy showed no recurrence. The imaging revealed a sphenoidal sinus mucocele. Endoscopic marsupialization of the mucocele allowed clinical improvement. A 56-year-old woman presented, five years after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with a fronto-orbital mass. CT-scan revealed a fronto-ethmoidal mucocele. Nasopharyngeal biopsy showed tumour recurrence. Marsupialization of mucocele was performed. Recurrence of the carcinoma was treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Sphenoidal sinus mucocele developing after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma has rarely been reported. CT scan and MRI are useful tools in making the diagnosis. Biopsy is required to diagnose recurrence or associated radio-induced tumor. Endoscopic approach gives good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mnejja
- Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHU Habib-Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie.
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Hammami B, Mnejja M, Chakroun A, Achour I, Chakroun A, Charfeddine I, Ghorbel A. Cholesteatoma of the frontal sinus. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2010; 127:213-6. [PMID: 21071299 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF STUDY Cholesteatoma of the paranasal sinuses is a rare pathology. A review of the literature reported less than 30 cases. These lesions mainly involve the frontal sinus. CASE REPORT A 25-year-old man presented with a right painful fronto-orbital mass associated with an ipsilateral eyelid oedema and a fever as high as 40°C. He experienced a general epileptic seizure requiring his admission in an intensive care unit. CT-Scan with iodine injection evidenced the opacification of the right frontal sinus with bone lysis of the posterior wall. Complete surgical resection of a cystic structure containing keratin material was performed via eyebrow incision. The pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of sinus cholesteatoma. Neurological signs entirely disappeared after surgery. Craniofacial MRI realized 2 months later showed no sign of recurrence. Obliteration of the right frontal sinus was performed 4 months later. CONCLUSION Although benign, cholesteatoma can spread to the surrounding structures leading to several complications including infections that can be life-threatening for the patient. CT-scan and MRI are useful examinations for diagnosis and follow-up. Complete surgical resection is required in order to avoid recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hammami
- Service d'ORL et chirurgie cervicofaciale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
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Hammami B, Mnejja M, Achour I, Chakroun A, Khabir A, Chakroun A, Boudawara T, Charfeddine I, Ghorbel A. Association of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and chronic lymphoid leukemia. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2010; 127:153-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kecha-Kamoun O, Achour I, Martens H, Collette J, Lefebvre PJ, Greiner DL, Geenen V. Thymic expression of insulin-related genes in an animal model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2001; 17:146-52. [PMID: 11307180 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin and multiple other autoantigens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes, but the origin of immunological self-reactivity specifically oriented against insulin-secreting islet beta-cells remains obscure. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that a defect in thymic central T-cell self-tolerance of the insulin hormone family could contribute to the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. This hypothesis was investigated in a classic animal model of type 1 diabetes, the Bio-Breeding (BB) rat. METHODS The expression of the mammalian insulin-related genes (Ins, Igf1 and Igf2) was analysed in the thymus of inbred Wistar Furth rats (WF), diabetes-resistant BB (BBDR) and diabetes-prone BB (BBDP) rats. RESULTS RT-PCR analyses of total RNA from WF, BBDP and BBDR thymi revealed that Igf1 and Ins mRNAs are present in 15/15 thymi from 2-day-old, 5-day-old and 5-week-old WF, BBDR and BBDP rats. In contrast, a complete absence of Igf2 mRNA was observed in more than 80% of BBDP thymi. The absence of detectable Igf2 transcripts in the thymus of BBDP rats is tissue-specific, since Igf2 mRNAs were detected in all BBDP brains and livers examined. Using a specific immunoradiometric assay, the concentration of thymic IGF-2 protein was significantly lower in BBDP than in BBDR rats (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests an association between the emergence of autoimmune diabetes and a defect in Igf2 expression in the thymus of BBDP rats. This tissue-specific defect in gene expression could contribute both to the lymphopenia of these rats (by impaired T-cell development) and the absence of central T-cell self-tolerance of the insulin hormone family (by defective negative selection of self-reactive T-cells).
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MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunoradiometric Assay
- Insulin/analysis
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/analysis
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics
- Proinsulin/analysis
- Proinsulin/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BB
- Rats, Inbred WF
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kecha-Kamoun
- University of Liège, Department of Medicine & Center of Immunology, Institute of Pathology CHU-B23, B-4000 Liège 1-Sart Tilman, Belgium
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Kecha O, Martens H, Franchimont N, Achour I, Hazée-Hagelstein MT, Charlet-Renard C, Geenen V, Winkler R. Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor axis in the human thymus. J Neuroendocrinol 1999; 11:435-40. [PMID: 10336724 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis have been investigated in the normal human thymus. Using ribonuclease protection assays (RPA), IGF-II transcripts were detected in the normal human thymus. By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses, promoters P3 and P4 were found to be active in the transcription of IGF2 gene within human thymic epithelial cells (TEC). No IGF-II mRNA could be detected in human lymphoid Jurkat T cells with 30 cycles of RT-PCR. By Northern blot analyses, IGFBP-2 to -6 (but not IGFBP-1) were found to be expressed in TEC with a predominance of IGFBP-4. Interestingly, Jurkat T cells only express IGFBP-2 but at high levels. The type 1 IGF receptor was detected in Jurkat T cells but not in human TEC. The identification of the components of the IGF axis within separate compartments of the human thymus adds further evidence for a role of this axis in the control of T-cell development. The precise influence of thymic IGF axis upon T-cell differentiation and immunological self-tolerance however needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kecha
- Institute of Pathology CHU-B23, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Geenen V, Martens H, Vandersmissen E, Achour I, Kecha O, Franchimont D. Cellular and molecular aspects of thymic T-cell education in neuroendocrine self principles. Implications for autoimmunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 840:328-37. [PMID: 9629260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial and nurse cells from different species express a repertoire of neuroendocrine polypeptide precursors. This repertoire exerts a dual role in T-lymphocyte selection according to their status either as cryptocrine signals or as neuroendocrine self-antigens of the peptide sequences that are processed from those precursors then presented to pre-T cells. Thymic neuroendocrine self-antigens correspond to peptide sequences highly conserved throughout evolution of their family. Though thymic MHC class I molecules are involved in the processing of thymic neuroendocrine self-antigens, preliminary data show that their presentation to pre-T cells is not allelically restricted. Thymic T-cell education in neuroendocrine families also implies that the structure of a given family may be presented to pre-T cells. Our studies have evidenced the homology between thymic neuroendocrine-related self-antigens and dominant T-cell epitopes of peripheral neuroendocrine signals (neuroendocrine autoantigens). The biochemical difference between neuroendocrine autoantigens and homologous thymic self-antigens might explain the opposite immune responses evoked by those two types of antigens (activation and memory induction vs. tolerogenic effect). Altogether, these studies support the therapeutic use of thymic neuroendocrine self-antigens in reprogramming the immunological self-tolerance that is broken in autoimmune endocrine diseases like insulin-dependent diabetes type I. As recently stated by P. M. Allen in an important review, the fate of developing T lymphocytes in the thymus is influenced by the numerous types of peptidic interactions within the thymic cellular environment. To define the precise nature of thymic cells and naturally occurring biochemical peptide signals involved in positive and negative selection of immature T cells has become a prominent objective for the future research efforts in thymic physiology. This paper will try to show how thymic neuroendocrine-related peptides synthesized and processed within the thymic microenvironment indeed can play a role both in the development of the peripheral T-cell repertoire and in the death of randomly rearranged, self-reactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Geenen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, Belgium
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Geenen V, Benhida A, Kecha O, Achour I, Vandermissen E, Vanneste Y, Goxe B, Martens H. Development and evolutionary aspects of thymic T cell education to neuroendocrine self. Acta Haematol 1996; 95:263-7. [PMID: 8677753 DOI: 10.1159/000203894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells, including nurse cells (TECs/TNCs), from various species synthesize neuroendocrine-related precursors belonging to neurohypophysial, tachykinin and insulin hormone families. The thymic repertoire of neuroendocrine-related polypeptides illustrates at the molecular level the paradoxical role of the thymus in both T cell positive and negative selection. On the one hand, these precursors are a source of signals which interact with neuroendocrine-type receptors expressed by target pre-T cells according to the cryptocrine type of cell-to-cell signaling. On the other hand, the same precursors constitute a source of self-antigens which are presented to pre-T cells by the thymic major histocompatibility complex system. Basically, the model of thymic T cell education to neuroendocrine self was established by the identification in TECs/TNCs of immunoreactive (ir) oxytocin as the self-antigen of the neurohypophysial family. Nevertheless, through the expression in TECs/TNCs of ir-neurokinin A and ir-insulin-like growth factor-II, the model also applies to the tachykinin and insulin hormone families.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Geenen
- Department of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Liège University Medical School, Tilman, Belgium
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Geenen V, Goxe B, Martens H, Vandersmissen E, Vanneste Y, Achour I, Kecha O, Lefebvre PJ. Cryptocrine signaling in the thymus network and T cell education to neuroendocrine self-antigens. J Mol Med (Berl) 1995; 73:449-55. [PMID: 8528748 DOI: 10.1007/bf00202263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Both during phylogeny and ontogeny the thymus appears as a nodal point between the two major systems of cell-to-cell signaling, the neuroendocrine and immune systems. This review presents the experimental observations which support a dual role in T cell selection played by the thymic repertoire of neuroendocrine polypeptide precursors. Through the mode of cryptocrine intercellular signaling thymic neuroendocrine-related precursors synthesized in thymic epithelial cells have been shown to influence the early steps in T cell differentiation. In addition, thymic neuroendocrine-related polypeptides are a source of self-antigens which are presented by the major histocompatibility system of the thymic epithelium. Preliminary data also suggest that the intrathymic T cell education to neuroendocrine self-antigens is not strictly superimposible to the antigen presentation by dedicated presenting cells. Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) was identified as one dominant member of the insulin family expressed by thymic epithelial and nurse cells. The intrathymic presentation of IGF-II or IGF-II derived self-antigens is under current investigation. If further confirmed, the central tolerogenic properties of IGF-II could be considered in the elaboration of a strategy for an efficient and safe prevention of insulin-dependent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Geenen
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Liège, Liège-Sart Tilman, Belgium
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Geenen V, Achour I, Robert F, Vandersmissen E, Sodoyez JC, Defresne MP, Boniver J, Lefebvre PJ, Franchimont P. Evidence that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is the dominant thymic peptide of the insulin superfamily. Thymus 1993; 21:115-27. [PMID: 8337706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The central T-cell tolerance of neuroendocrine functions has been proposed to be primarily induced by the thymic repertoire of neuroendocrine self antigens. The present study aimed at characterizing the human thymic insulin-related autoantigen able to represent the pancreatic B-cell function in face of the developing T-cells. Immunofluorescence studies were performed on human and rat thymic sections, as well as on the rat IT-45R1 thymic epithelial cell line using several antibodies to epitopes of the insulin peptide superfamily. These studies identify beyond any doubt that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is the dominant thymic peptide of the insulin family. The sequence of an insulin-derived autoantigen is proposed. This autoantigen is a nonamer and has a hydrophobic residue leucine (L) at position 9. In the human species, this autoantigen would primarily be tolerogenic for the pancreatic B-cell endocrine function during fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Geenen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Liège-Sart Tilman, Belgium
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Geenen V, Cormann N, Benhida A, Martens H, Achour I, Defresne MP, Robert F. The thymic repertoire of neuroendocrine self antigens and the central immune tolerance of neuroendocrine functions. Eur J Med 1992; 1:158-65. [PMID: 1341436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Geenen
- Institute of Pathology B-23, University Hospital of Liège-Sart Tilman, Belgium
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