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Lengyel I, Halmi S, Lőrincz H, Bak-Csiha S, Katkó M, Harangi M, Nagy E, Paragh G, Bodor M, Berta E. Characterization of fetuin-A levels in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Lengyel I, Toth F, Biyashev D, Szatmari I, Monory K, Tomboly C, Toth G, Benyhe S, Borsodi A. A novel non-opioid binding site for endomorphin-1. J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 67:605-616. [PMID: 27779481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Endomorphins are natural amidated opioid tetrapeptides with the following structure: Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH2 (endomorphin-1), and Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2 (endomorphin-2). Endomorphins interact selectively with the μ-opioid or MOP receptors and exhibit nanomolar or sub-nanomolar receptor binding affinities, therefore they suggested to be endogenous agonists for the μ-opioid receptors. Endomorphins mediate a number of characteristic opioid effects, such as antinociception, however there are several physiological functions in which endomorphins appear to act in a fashion that does not involve binding to and activation of the μ-opioid receptor. Our recent data indicate that a radiolabelled [3H]endomorphin-1 with a specific radioactivity of 2.35 TBq/mmol - prepared by catalytic dehalogenation of the diiodinated peptide precursor in the presence of tritium gas - is able to bind to a second, naloxone insensitive recognition site in rat brain membranes. Binding heterogeneity, i.e., the presence of higher (Kd = 0.4 nM / Bmax = 120 fmol/mg protein) and lower (Kd = 8.2 nM / Bmax = 432 fmol/mg protein) affinity binding components is observed both in saturation binding experiments followed by Schatchard analysis, and in equilibrium competition binding studies. The signs of receptor multiplicity, e.g., curvilinear Schatchard plots or biphasic displacement curves are seen only if the non-specific binding is measured in the presence of excess unlabeled endomorphin-1 and not in the presence of excess unlabeled naloxone. The second, lower affinity non-opioid binding site is not recognized by heterocyclic opioid alkaloid ligands, neither agonists such as morphine, nor antagonists such as naloxone. On the contrary, endomorphin-1 is displaced from its lower affinity, higher capacity binding site by several natural neuropeptides, including methionine-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, nociceptin-orphanin FQ, angiotensin and FMRF-amide. This naloxone-insensitive, consequently non-opioid binding site seems to be present in nervous tissues carrying low density or no μ-opioid receptors, such as rodent cerebellum, or brain of μ-opioid receptor deficient (MOPr-/-) transgenic or 'knock-out' (K.O.) mice. The newly described non-opioid binding component is not coupled to regulatory G-proteins, nor does it affect adenylyl cyclase enzyme activity. Taken together endomorphin-1 carries opioid and, in addition to non-opioid functions that needs to be taken into account when various effects of endomorphin-1 are evaluated in physiological or pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- present address: UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Toth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - D Biyashev
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- present address: Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - I Szatmari
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- present address: Semmelweis University, First Department of Paediatrics, Laboratory of Metabolic Screening, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Monory
- Unite de Regulation des Genes et Signalisation Cellulaire, INSERM U-99, Hopital Henri Mondor, Creteil, France
- present address: Department of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Tomboly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Toth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - A Borsodi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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Planells E, Florea D, Molina J, Pérez de la Cruz A, Herrera-Quintanar L, Quintero B, Lengyel I, Hogstrand C. SUN-PP189: Association of Blood Zinc Levels and Zinc Transporter Expression with Age and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Nan R, Tetchner S, Rodriguez E, Pao PJ, Gor J, Lengyel I, Perkins S. Zinc-induced self-association of complement C3b and Factor H: Implications for inflammation and age-related macular degeneration. Mol Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Lengyel I, Chakraborty D, Chauvel J, Christenson C, Reipschläger O, Schäfer M. Industrial Aspects of Fouling. CHEM-ING-TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200750138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lengyel I, Voss K, Cammarota M, Bradshaw K, Brent V, Murphy KPSJ, Giese KP, Rostas JAP, Bliss TVP. Autonomous activity of CaMKII is only transiently increased following the induction of long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 20:3063-72. [PMID: 15579161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A major role has been postulated for a maintained increase in the autonomous activity of CaMKII in the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP). However, attempts to inhibit the expression of LTP with CaMKII inhibitors have yielded inconsistent results. Here we compare the changes in CaMKII autonomous activity and phosphorylation at Thr286 of alphaCaMKII in rat hippocampal slices using chemical or tetanic stimulation to produce either LTP or short-term potentiation (STP). Tetanus-induced LTP in area CA1 requires CaMKII activation and Thr286 phosphorylation of alphaCaMKII, but we did not observe an increase in autonomous activity. Next we induced LTP by 10 min exposure to 25 mM tetraethyl-ammonium (TEA) or 5 min exposure to 41 mM potassium (K) after pretreatment with calyculin A. Exposure to K alone produced STP. These protocols allowed us to monitor temporal changes in autonomous activity during and after exposure to the potentiating chemical stimulus. In chemically induced LTP, autonomous activity was maximally increased within 30 s whereas this increase was significantly delayed in STP. However, in both LTP and STP the two-fold increase in autonomous activity measured immediately after stimulation was short-lived, returning to baseline within 2-5 min after re-exposure to normal ACSF. In LTP, but not in STP, the phosphorylation of alphaCaMKII at Thr286 persisted for at least 60 min after stimulation. These results confirm that LTP is associated with a maintained increase in autophosphorylation at Thr286 but indicate that a persistent increase in the autonomous activity of CaMKII is not required for the expression of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary, H-6726
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7
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Stephani R, Cesare V, Sadarangani I, Lengyel I. Synthesis of New Optically Active and Racemic Phenylsuccinamic Acids. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-19294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Abstract
Beta-amyloid peptides (Abetas) bind to several G-protein coupled receptor proteins and stimulate GTPase activity in neurons. In this study we determined the effects of Abeta(1-42), Abeta(1-40), Abeta(25-35) and their mixtures on [(35)S]GTP binding in rat brain cortical membranes in the absence and presence of zinc. We found that the Abetas alone induced a concentration-dependent activation of G-proteins (IC50 approximately 10(-6) m), while aggregated Abeta fibrils only affected GTP binding at concentrations above 10(-5) m. Mixing Abeta(25-35) with Abeta(1-42) or Abeta(1-40) induced a several-fold increase in GTP-binding. This potentiation followed a bell shaped curve with a maximum at 50 : 50 ratios. No potentiating effect could be seen by mixing Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) or highly aggregated Abetas. Zinc had no effect on Abeta(1-40/42) but strongly potentiated the Abeta(25-35) or the mixed peptides-induced GTP-binding. Changes in secondary structure accompanied the mixed peptides or the peptide/zinc complexes induced potentiation, revealing that structural alterations are behind the increased biological action. These concentration dependent potentiating effects of zinc and the peptide mixtures could be physiologically important at brain regions where peptide fragments and/or zinc are present at elevated concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zs Molnár
- Department of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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Lengyel I, Orosz G, Biyashev D, Kocsis L, Al-Khrasani M, Rónai A, Tömböly C, Fürst Z, Tóth G, Borsodi A. Side chain modifications change the binding and agonist properties of endomorphin 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 290:153-61. [PMID: 11779147 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Side chain modifications were introduced to endomorphin 2 (E2) to improve its binding properties and biological activity. A number of C-terminal modifications decreased the binding affinity to the mu-opioid receptor and the intrinsic activity in rat brain membranes. The exception was E2-ol, which showed increased binding affinity to MOR and higher potency in stimulating [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding. N-methylation of Phe(3) (MePhe(3)) attenuated the binding affinity and produced a rightward shift of [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding curves. All derivatives had lower intrinsic activity than E2. Some of the modified peptides partially inhibited, while YPF-benzyl-allyl-amide fully inhibited, the E2 or [d-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Gly(5)ol]enkephalin stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding. Marked differences were found between the results obtained using tritiated E2, tritiated naloxone, and [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding, indicating the possible involvement of multiple binding sites. The data presented demonstrate that the C-terminal amide group has an essential role in the regulation of the binding and the agonist/antagonist properties of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
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Szatmári I, Biyashev D, Tömböly C, Tóth G, Mácsai M, Szabó G, Borsodi A, Lengyel I. Influence of degradation on binding properties and biological activity of endomorphin 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 284:771-6. [PMID: 11396969 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recently-isolated endogenous peptide endomorphin 1 has high affinity for the mu opioid receptor and plays an important role in analgesia. Several of its degradation products have been isolated from the central nervous system. Degradation products present structural similarities and may influence the receptor binding properties and biological activity of the parent compound. Therefore, we investigated how degradation of endomorphin 1 might influence ligand binding to the mu opioid receptor, the consequent activation of G proteins and its antinociceptive effect. Both N- and C-terminal truncation of endomorphin 1 resulted in peptides presenting considerably lower opioid receptor binding potency. None of these peptides had an effect on GTP binding, nor was able to produce analgesia, suggesting that degradation destroys the biological activity of endomorphin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Szatmári
- Institute of Biochemistry Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Al-Khrasani M, Orosz G, Kocsis L, Farkas V, Magyar A, Lengyel I, Benyhe S, Borsodi A, Rónai AZ. Receptor constants for endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-1-ol indicate differences in efficacy and receptor occupancy. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 421:61-7. [PMID: 11408050 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The opioid properties of endomorphin derivatives containing a C-terminal alcoholic(-ol) function were compared to the parent amidated compounds in isolated organs (longitudinal muscle strip of guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens). Similar data were also generated for the mu-opioid receptor selective agonist synthetic peptide (D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAMGO) and its Gly5-NH2 congener (DAMGA). Endomorphin-1-ol (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-ol) had an IC50 of 80.6 nM in mouse vas deferens and 61.2 nM in guinea-pig ileum; the corresponding values for endomorphin-2-ol (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-ol) were 49.6 and 48.2 nM, for DAMGO 59.8 and 29.2 nM, respectively. As it was indicated by the antagonism by naltrexone, the agonist actions were exerted exclusively at mu-opioid receptors in both organs. The -ol derivatives were slightly (2.3-4.3 times) less potent than the parent amides in the bioassays: all peptides had, apparently, full agonist properties in intact preparations. With the aim of revealing potential partial agonist properties among the investigated peptides, we partially inactivated the mu-opioid receptor pool in mouse vas deferens by 5x10(-7) M beta-funaltrexamine. The calculated receptor constants indicated a "high-affinity, low intrinsic efficacy" profile (i.e. a potential partial agonist property) for endomorphin-1, an intermediate character for endomorpin-1-ol and full agonism for DAMGA and DAMGO. Apparently, a higher receptor fraction remained accessible for endomorphin-1 (42.8%) than for the -ol congener (14.0%), DAMGO (20.2%) and DAMGA (14.1%) after partial inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest, P.O.B. 370, H-1445, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMPK) II is a key enzyme in many physiological processes. The enzyme is inactive unless Ca(2+)/CaM binds to it. In this inactive form CaMPK-II does not bind ATP suggesting that the ATP-binding domain is involved in an intramolecular interaction. We show here that F12, a 12 amino acid long peptide fragment of the ATP-binding domain (CaMPK-II(23-34), GAFSVVRRCVKV) can inhibit the Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent activity (IC(50) of 3 microM) but has no effect on the Ca(2+)/CaM-independent activity of CaMPK-II. Kinetic analysis exhibited mixed inhibition with respect to autocamtide-2 and ATP. The inhibition by F12 showed specificity towards CaMPK-II, but also inhibited CaMPK-I (IC(50) = 12.5 microM), while CaMPK-IV (IC(50) = 85 microM) was inhibited poorly and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) was not inhibited. Substitution of phenylalanine at position 25 to alanine (A12), had little effect on the inhibition of different Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent protein kinases, suggesting that phenylalanine 25 does not play a crucial role in the interactions involving F12. Thus the molecular interactions involving the ATP-binding domain appears to play a role in the regulation of nonphosphorylated CaMPK-II activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary.
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Lengyel I, Cammarota M, Brent VA, Rostas JA. Autonomous activity and autophosphorylation of CAMPK-II in rat hippocampal slices: effects of tissue preparation. J Neurochem 2001; 76:149-54. [PMID: 11145987 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of the proportion of calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaMPK-II) that is autonomously active or phosphorylated on Thr(286) is thought to provide an index of the degree to which CaMPK-II in a tissue has been activated. We have examined how various ways of handling hippocampal tissue can alter these properties. Both autonomous activity and phospho-Thr(286) content was high in freshly dissected hippocampus or freshly cut hippocampal slices. After incubation of hippocampal slices in artificial cerebrospinal fluid for 120 min, both properties of CaMPK-II decreased to a steady state level. Freeze-thaw or cutting the equilibrated slices could rapidly increase both autonomous activity and phospho-Thr(286) immunoreactivity of CaMPK-II. These increases were comparable to changes induced by experimental treatment. Therefore, our results suggest that considerable care needs to be taken over the way in which hippocampal slices are handled.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- The Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Lengyel I, Fieuw-Makaroff S, Hall AL, Sim AT, Rostas JA, Dunkley PR. Modulation of the phosphorylation and activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II by zinc. J Neurochem 2000; 75:594-605. [PMID: 10899934 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMPK-II) is a key regulatory enzyme in living cells. Modulation of its activity, therefore, could have a major impact on many cellular processes. We found that Zn(2+) has multiple functional effects on CaMPK-II. Zn(2+) generated a Ca(2+)/CaM-independent activity that correlated with the autophosphorylation of Thr(286), inhibited Ca(2+)/CaM binding that correlated with the autophosphorylation of Thr(306), and inhibited CaMPK-II activity at high concentrations that correlated with the autophosphorylation of Ser(279). The relative level of autophosphorylation of these three sites was dependent on the concentration of zinc used. The autophosphorylation of at least these three sites, together with Zn(2+) binding, generated an increased mobility form of CaMPK-II on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Overall, autophosphorylation induced by Zn(2+) converts CaMPK-II into a different form than the binding of Ca(2+)/CaM. In certain nerve terminals, where Zn(2+) has been shown to play a neuromodulatory role and is present in high concentrations, Zn(2+) may turn CaMPK-II into a form that would be unable to respond to calcium signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- Neuroscience Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Xue J, Wang X, Malladi CS, Kinoshita M, Milburn PJ, Lengyel I, Rostas JA, Robinson PJ. Phosphorylation of a new brain-specific septin, G-septin, by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:10047-56. [PMID: 10744683 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.14.10047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The septins are a family of GTPase enzymes, some of which are required for the cytokinesis stage of cell division and others of which are associated with exocytosis. We purified and cloned the cDNA for a 40-kDa protein from rat brain that is a substrate for type I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). The amino acid sequences of two tryptic peptides of P40 showed high homology to the septins. Molecular cloning revealed the 358-amino acid P40 to be a new member of the septin family. P40 was named G-septin, as it is phosphorylated in vitro by PKG, but relatively poorly by the related cAMP-dependent protein kinase and not by protein kinase C. Two splice variants of G-septin (alpha and beta) were found with distinct N and C termini, but a common GTPase domain. G-septin lacks the C-terminal coiled-coil domain characteristic of all other mammalian septins and uniquely has two predicted phosphorylation site motifs for type I PKG. Photoaffinity labeling with [alpha-(32)P]GTP confirmed that G-septin is a GTP-binding protein. Northern blotting showed that G-septin mRNA (5.0 kilobases) is highly expressed in brain and undetectable in 12 other tissues, indicating that the G-septins are primarily neuronal proteins. Very low levels of 6.0-, 3.4-, and 2.6-kilobase transcripts were found in testis. Our results reveal a new class of brain-specific septins that may be regulated by PKG in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xue
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Wentworthville 2145, New South Wales, Australia
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Lengyel I, Olesen LE, Nichol KA, Brain KL, Wang X, Robinson PJ, Bennett MR, Rostas JA. Phosphorylation of proteins in chick ciliary ganglion under conditions that induce long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission: phosphoprotein targets for nitric oxide action. Neuroscience 1999; 90:607-19. [PMID: 10215163 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00452-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Production of nitric oxide and the activation of protein kinases are required for long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission at the giant synapses in chicken ciliary ganglion. In the present study, we investigated the ability of nitric oxide to regulate the phosphorylation of endogenous proteins under conditions that induced long-term potentiation in intact ciliary ganglion and the protein kinases responsible for the phosphorylation of these proteins in lysed ciliary ganglion. Using Calcium Green-1 we showed that the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside did not change the intraterminal Ca2+ dynamics in ciliary ganglion. Two dimensional phosphopeptide analysis of 32Pi-labelled intact ciliary ganglion showed that the sodium nitroprusside (300 microM) increased the phosphorylation of several phosphopeptides (P50a, P50b and P41) derived from proteins at 50,000 and 41,000 mol. wts which we have called nitric oxide-responsive phosphoproteins. A similar stimulation of phosphorylation was achieved by 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (100 microM), which also induced long-term potentiation, but not by phorbol dibutyrate (2 microM) that does not induce long-term potentiation in ciliary ganglion. When subcellular fractions from lysed ciliary ganglion were labelled in vitro by [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence of purified cGMP-dependent, cAMP-dependent or Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinases, we identified cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase substrates that gave rise to phosphopeptides co-migrating with P50a, P50b and P41 from 32Pi-labelled intact ciliary ganglion. P50a and P41 were derived from soluble proteins while P50b was derived from a membrane-associated protein. The proteins giving rise to P50a, P50b and P41 were also substrates for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but not for calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in vitro, suggesting that nitric oxide-responsive phosphoproteins are convergence points in information processing in vivo and their phosphorylation might represent an important mechanism in nitric oxide-mediated synaptic plasticity in ciliary ganglion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- The Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Cheah TB, Bobrovskaya L, Gonçalves CA, Hall A, Elliot R, Lengyel I, Bunn SJ, Marley PD, Dunkley PR. Simultaneous measurement of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and phosphorylation in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. J Neurosci Methods 1999; 87:167-74. [PMID: 11230813 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(99)00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous measurement of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activation and phosphorylation in permeabilised and intact bovine adrenal chromaffin cells (BACCs) was established. Permeabilised cells were stimulated with cyclic AMP (1--10 microM) in the presence of [32P]ATP and L-[carboxyl-(14)C]tyrosine. Intact BACCs were preincubated with 32P(i) for 3 h and stimulated with forskolin (1--5 microM) in the presence of L-[carboxyl-(14)C]tyrosine. On stimulation each well was covered with a sealed 'chimney' fitted with a small plastic cup containing 300 microl of 1.0 M NaOH that trapped the 14CO(2) released. TH activity was determined by measuring 14C radioactivity. TH phosphorylation was measured in the same cells by separating the solubilized proteins on SDS PAGE followed by autoradiography and/or HPLC analysis. It was found that H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, significantly blocked both TH phosphorylation and activation in response to cyclic AMP in permeabilised cells. However, in intact cells, H89 was effective only in respect to forskolin-stimulated TH activity and did not block the forskolin-stimulated TH phosphorylation of Ser-40. The reason(s) for this lack of correlation between TH activation and phosphorylation is presently not understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Cheah
- The Neuroscience Group, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Lengyel I, Nichol KA, Bennett MR, Heath JW, Little GJ, Rostas JA. Alpha and beta subunits of CaM-kinase II are localized in different neurons in chick ciliary ganglion. Neuroreport 1998; 9:2753-5. [PMID: 9760115 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199808240-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ciliary ganglion of the chicken contains only two types of neurons. Using monoclonal antibodies against the alpha and the beta subunits of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaMPK-II) we found that the alpha-subunit was localized to the choroid neurons while beta subunit was associated with the ciliary neurons. As both neurons receive their inputs from the oculomotor nerve, while their postganglionic axons leave via different nerves, the ciliary ganglion of the chicken is a neuronal system in which the functional differences between alpha and beta CaMPK-II homopolymers in the regulation of synaptic transmission can be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- The Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Lengyel I, Nichol KA, Sim AT, Bennett MR, Dunkley PR, Rostas JA. Characterization of protein kinase and phosphatase systems in chick ciliary ganglion. Neuroscience 1996; 70:577-88. [PMID: 8848161 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the second messenger activated protein kinase and phosphatase systems in chick ciliary ganglion using biochemical and immunochemical techniques. Using synthetic peptide substrates cyclic-AMP-, cyclic-GMP-, Ca2+/calmodulin- and Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activities were detected in homogenates of ciliary ganglion dissected from 15-16-day-old embryos. Autophosphorylation of the alpha and beta subunits of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin or 5 mM ZnSO4 was detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Protein kinase C was shown to be present using a monoclonal antibody. Two cyclic-AMP binding proteins whose molecular weights corresponded to the regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (RI and RII) were detected in ciliary ganglia using 8-azido-cyclic-AMP. The most heavily labelled band following incubation with [gamma-32P]ATP under most conditions had an apparent molecular weight of 65,000 which corresponds to the chicken form of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, a known substrate of protein kinase C. Another substrate for protein kinase C was a 45,000 molecular weight protein which was tentatively identified as neuromodulin (B-50/GAP-43). Although no endogenous substrate proteins for cyclic-GMP-dependent protein kinase were detected, protein kinase A strongly labelled a 40,000 molecular weight protein. Using 32P(i)-labelled glycogen phosphorylase, protein phosphatases 1 and 2A were identified in ciliary ganglia homogenates at levels which were indistinguishable from forebrain at the same age. The major endogenous protein substrates in ciliary ganglion homogenates from 15-16-day-old embryos were also labelled to a similar extent in homogenates of ciliary ganglia from newly hatched chickens. Intact ciliary ganglia remained viable for several hours after dissection and, after incubation with 32P(i), responded to phorbol ester stimulation by an increased endogenous phosphorylation of several proteins, but especially myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate. These results represent the first systematic characterization of the protein phosphorylation systems in chicken ciliary ganglion and provide a basis for future studies on the biochemical mechanisms responsible for regulating synaptic transmission in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Deli MA, Joó F, Krizbai I, Lengyel I, Nunzi MG, Wolff JR. Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II is present in primary cultures of cerebral endothelial cells. J Neurochem 1993; 60:1960-3. [PMID: 8386228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase II (CaM-PK II), a major kinase in brain, has been established to play an important role in neurotransmitter release and organization of postsynaptic receptors, and it is known to be involved in long-term potentiation and memory. Less is known about the function of this enzyme in nonneural cells. Here we report on the production, presence, and phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of CaM-PK II in primary cultures of cerebral endothelial cells. These results raise the possibility that alpha-CaM-PK II can act as one of the key enzymes of calcium-mediated intracellular signaling in the cerebral endothelial cells and suggest that alpha-CaM-PK II may participate in such basic cellular processes as permeability in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Deli
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
Transient, symmetry-breaking, spatial patterns were obtained in a closed, gradient-free, aqueous medium containing chlorine dioxide, iodine, malonic acid, and starch at 4 degrees to 5 degrees C. The conditions under which these Turing-type structures appear can be accurately predicted from a simple mathematical model of the system. The patterns, which consist of spots, stripes, or both spots and stripes, require about 25 minutes to form and remain stationary for 10 to 30 minutes.
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Candeo P, Favaron M, Lengyel I, Manev RM, Rimland JM, Manev H. Pathological phosphorylation causes neuronal death: effect of okadaic acid in primary culture of cerebellar granule cells. J Neurochem 1992; 59:1558-61. [PMID: 1402905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the role of protracted phosphatase inhibition and the consecutive protracted protein phosphorylation on neuronal viability. We found that in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons, the protracted (24-h) inhibition of the serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (EC 3.1.3.16) by treatment of the cultures with okadaic acid (OKA; 5-20 nM) caused neurotoxicity that could be inhibited by the protein kinase inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7) or by the previous down-regulation of the neuronal protein kinase C (PKC; ATP:protein phosphotransferase; EC 2.7.1.37). PKC was down-regulated by exposure of the cultures for 24 h to 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA). The effect of the drugs used in the viability studies on the pattern of protein phosphorylation was measured by quantitative autoradiography. In particular, the 50- and 80-kDa protein bands showed dramatic changes in the degree of phosphorylation: increase by OKA and brief TPA treatment; decrease by H7 or 24 h of TPA treatment; and inhibition of the OKA-induced increase by H7 or 24 h of TPA treatment. The results suggest that the protracted phosphorylation, in particular that mediated by PKC, may lead to neuronal death and are in line with our previous suggestion that prolonged PKC translocation is operative in glutamate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Candeo
- Fidia Research Laboratories, Abano Terme, Italy
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Abstract
A systematic approach is suggested to design chemical systems capable of displaying stationary, symmetry-breaking reaction diffusion patterns (Turing structures). The technique utilizes the fact that reversible complexation of an activator species to form an unreactive, immobile complex reduces the effective diffusion constant of the activator, thereby facilitating the development of Turing patterns. The chlorine dioxide/iodine/malonic acid reaction is examined as an example, and it is suggested that a similar phenomenon may occur in some biological pattern formation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254-9110, USA
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Joó F, Lengyel I, Kovács J, Penke B. Chapter 26: Regulation of transendothelial transport in the cerebral microvessels: the role of second messengers-generating systems. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1992; 91:177-87. [PMID: 1357721 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Different elements of the intracellular signaling messenger systems have been detected in the course of our studies in the cerebral endothelial cells. It has been shown that the synthesizing enzymes of and substrate proteins for the second messenger molecules are present in the cerebral endothelial cells, and their activity and/or amount can change in pathological circumstances, i.e., during the formation of brain oedema. Pharmacological treatments interfering with the second messenger systems proved to be effective in the prevention of brain oedema formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Joó
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
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Lengyel I. [Hyperuricacidemic nephrogenic diabetes insipidus]. Orv Hetil 1991; 132:2551-2. [PMID: 1811206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Five weeks following the removal of the urate calculus the 58-year-old patient suffered from anadipsia and drank 6-8 litre of water daily. Uric acid level was high in the serum and the carbamide-N and creatinine showed also increased values. Upon the administration of adiuretin the polyuria and polydipsia ceased, yet the specific weight of the urine stayed under 1010.
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Abstract
Recent experiments on the chlorite-iodide-malonic acid-starch reaction in a gel reactor give the first evidence of the existence of the symmetry breaking, reaction-diffusion structures predicted by Turing in 1952. A five-variable model that describes the temporal behavior of the system is reduced to a two-variable model, and its spatial behavior is analyzed. Structures have been found with wavelengths that are in good agreement with those observed experimentally. The gel plays a key role by binding key iodine species, thereby creating the necessary difference in the effective diffusion coefficients of the activator and inhibitor species, iodide and chlorite ions, respectively.
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Szlavy L, Repa I, Lengyel I, Lamboy L. Calcium dobesilate (CLS 2210) protects the myocardium in early acute myocardial infarction: a preliminary randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its effects on biochemical markers. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 15:89-95. [PMID: 1688988 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-199001000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effect of calcium dobesilate (CLS 2210) on biochemical markers of acute myocardial infarction, and thereby assess its action in limiting myocardial necrosis, this compound was administered intravenously by a randomized, double-blind technique to 23 of 41 patients suffering their first infarction. The remaining 18 patients received a placebo. Administration was begun within 3 h of onset of symptoms and continued for 72 h. Before and during treatment, blood samples were taken for measurement of the serum activity of creatine kinase and its isoenzyme MB, and the serum and urinary concentrations of myoglobin and glycosaminoglycans. Serum creatine kinase and serum and urinary myoglobin were significantly lower in the CLS 2210-treated patients than in the placebo patients throughout the 72 h (p = 0.01, 0.005, and 0.004, respectively). Serum creatine kinase MB and serum glycosaminoglycan in the CLS 2210 patients were initially higher than in the controls, but fell below the control levels between the 40th and 55th hours (p = 0.89 and 0.02, respectively). The glycosaminoglycan urinary concentrations alone were higher in the CLS 2210 group than in the placebo group throughout (p = 0.0005). These findings suggest that CLS 2210 reduces myocardial infarct size in human subjects, as it is already known to do in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Szlavy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Institute for Vascular Surgery, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
The role of second messengers in the regulation of protein phosphorylation was studied in microvessels isolated from rat cerebral cortex. The phosphoproteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the kinetics of 32P incorporation into specific protein substrates were evaluated by computer-aided x-ray film densitometry. With the use of this method, Ca2+-calmodulin (CAM)-, Ca2+/phospholipid (PK C)-, cyclic GMP (cGMP)-, and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinases were detected. CAM-dependent protein kinase proved to be the major phosphorylating enzyme in the microvascular fraction of the rat cerebral cortex; the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase was much higher than that of the cAMP-dependent one. Autophosphorylation of both the alpha- and beta-subunits of CAM-dependent protein kinase and the proteolytic fragment of the PK C enzyme was also detected. The kinetics of phosphorylation of the individual polypeptides indicate the presence in the cerebral endothelium of phosphoprotein phosphatases. The phosphorylation of proteins in the cerebral capillaries was more or less reversible; the addition of second messengers initiated a very rapid increase in 32P incorporation, followed by a slow decrease. Because the intracellular signal transducers like Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotides are frequently regulated by different vasoactive substances in the endothelial cells, the modified phosphorylation evoked by these second messengers may be related in vivo to certain changes in the transport processes of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Oláh
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
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Tóth J, Rajkovits K, Mantvano K, Lengyel I. [Benign papillomas of the bladder]. Orv Hetil 1986; 127:2681-3. [PMID: 3785947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Grivu O, Bratu E, Grivu M, Lengyel I, Hermann V, Popa L, Satruc G. [The treatment of dento-maxillary anomalies in the mixed dentition with a rigid activator]. Rev Chir Oncol Radiol O R L Oftalmol Stomatol Ser Stomatol 1986; 33:131-40. [PMID: 2948235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Grivu O, Grivu M, Bratu E, Robas-Popa P, Lengyel I, Hermann V, Pop E. [Urgency of interceptive orthodontics]. Rev Chir Oncol Radiol O R L Oftalmol Stomatol Ser Stomatol 1986; 33:141-4. [PMID: 2948236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
The author reports about the theoretical effects of his paleoserologic investigations on some historical population genetics problems. First he refers to the essence of the two modifications by the help of which the fluorescent antibody method can be made suitable for blood typing or archeological skeletal remains and determines his working units (sample, series, "population") used in the paleoserologic researches. The benefits of the projection of the ABO blood typing results on the map of the cemetaries are demonstrated. The distribution of the several phenotypes are collated to the character or richness of the grave goods and to the taxonomic features of the late individuals. The thorough examination of the serogenetic distances among the several samples of a given historical period may cast more light on the ethnic interrelations of the earlier populations living in the same geographic area. Following up the serogenetic changes of a population during subsequent historical periods, new ideas can be gained about the importance of the environmental, economic, and demographic factors shaping the serogenetic profile of the population.
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Salamon A, Lengyel I. Kinship interrelations in a fifth-century 'Pannonian' cemetery: an archaeological and palaeobiological sketch of the population fragment buried in the Mozs Cemetery, Hungary. World Archaeol 1980; 12:93-104. [PMID: 16470988 DOI: 10.1080/00438243.1980.9979783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Salamon
- Classical Archaeological Department, Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Central Laboratory of Polyclinic, Budapest XVIII
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Lengyel I, Uliss DB, Greene FD. Electron-impact induced fragmentation of three-membered heterocycles. Part III. N-t-alkylaziridine-1-carboxamides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1039/p29720001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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