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Rumgay H, Shield K, Charvat H, Ferrari P, Lemmens V, Rehm J, Soerjomataram I. European burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol use. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alcohol use can increase the risk of at least seven different cancer types. We present regional and national estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer burden in 2020 to inform alcohol policy and cancer control in Europe.
Methods
In this population-based study, we calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) using relative risk estimates and alcohol use prevalence by age, sex, and country. Assuming a 10-year latency period between alcohol consumption and cancer occurrence, we used alcohol consumption prevalence from 2010 and GLOBOCAN 2020 data to estimate new cancer cases attributable to alcohol consumption. We also calculated the contribution of moderate (<20 g alcohol per day), risky (20 to 60 g per day), and heavy (>60 g per day) drinking to the total alcohol-attributable cancer burden.
Results
Within Europe, an estimated 181,000, or 4%, of all new cases of cancer in 2020 were attributable to alcohol consumption. Males represented two thirds (68%) of the total alcohol-attributable cancer cases in Europe. The cancer sites which contributed the most alcohol-attributable cases were cancers of the colorectum (59,000 cases), breast (38,500 cases), and oral cavity (22,000 cases). Among women in the European regions, the burden of alcohol-attributable cancers was highest in Western Europe and Northern Europe; among men, the burden was highest in Central and Eastern Europe. Heavy drinking contributed most to the burden of alcohol-attributable cancers in Europe (52% of alcohol-attributable cases), and risky and moderate drinking contributed 37% and 11%, respectively.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the need for effective policies to increase awareness of the link between alcohol use and cancer and decrease overall alcohol consumption to reduce this preventable burden of cancer in Europe.
Key messages
An estimated 181,000 cancers in Europe in 2020 were attributable to alcohol use. Effective policies are needed to increase awareness of the link between alcohol and cancer and decrease alcohol use in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rumgay
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - K Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - H Charvat
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - P Ferrari
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - V Lemmens
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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De Camargo Cancela M, Borges Lopes de Souza L, Leite Martins LF, Correa Schilithz A, Bezerra de Souza DL, Hanly P, Barchuk A, Soerjomataram I, Sharp L, Pearce A. Sustainable Development Goal 3.4: Regional disparities in cancer premature mortality in Brazil. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 has a target of 1/3 reduction in premature mortality (30-69 years) from chronic noncommunicable diseases. Although cancer is a chronic disease, it comprises more than 100 different conditions, with different risk factors and prognosis. This study aimed to calculate current and predicted premature mortality by 2030 for Brazil and regions, compare with SDG 3.4 target and identify regional progress and future needs.
Methods
Mortality data were extracted from the National Mortality Information System of Brazil (SIM) and subsequently corrected for ill-defined causes. Crude and age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated. NordPred package by software R was used to calculate predictions up to 2030 and compared with the goal of 1/3 reduction of premature deaths.
Results
Comparison of observed (2011-2015) and predicted (2016-2030) mortality rates show a 12.0% reduction in the likelihood of death among men and 4.6% among women nationally. Although predicted rates for 2026-2030 are lower than those observed in 2011-2015 predicted number of deaths increases by 75,341 for men and 90,513 for women. Lung cancer mortality rates are predicted to decrease more among men than women, while colorectal cancer mortality will increase for both sexes, in all regions (except in the Southeast).
Conclusions
The profile of premature cancer mortality is diverse in Brazil. Nationally, only male lung cancer will be close to reaching SDG 3.4 target, endorsing government's long-term efforts to reduce tobacco consumption. The increase in colorectal cancer mortality reflects the epidemiological transition. Despite progress in cervical cancer control, it will continue to be a major challenge. Our results provide a baseline for public policies for both prevention and access to treatment to reduce premature mortality in Brazil. Differences in mortality patterns highlight the need to adapt cancer prevention policies regionally.
Key messages
Cancer premature mortality decrease in Brazil is expected to occur, but far from the SDG 3.4 target – including preventable cancers as cervical cancer. An increase is expected to occur in colorectal premature cancer mortality rates and strategies to face it need to be developed regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Camargo Cancela
- Division of Population Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Borges Lopes de Souza
- Division of Population Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L F Leite Martins
- Division of Population Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Correa Schilithz
- Division of Surveillance, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D L Bezerra de Souza
- Department of Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - P Hanly
- National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Barchuk
- Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - L Sharp
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Pearce
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin DM, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Bray F. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1941-1953. [PMID: 30350310 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4293] [Impact Index Per Article: 715.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estimates of the worldwide incidence and mortality from 36 cancers and for all cancers combined for the year 2018 are now available in the GLOBOCAN 2018 database, compiled and disseminated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This paper reviews the sources and methods used in compiling the cancer statistics in 185 countries. The validity of the national estimates depends upon the representativeness of the source information, and to take into account possible sources of bias, uncertainty intervals are now provided for the estimated sex- and site-specific all-ages number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths. We briefly describe the key results globally and by world region. There were an estimated 18.1 million (95% UI: 17.5-18.7 million) new cases of cancer (17 million excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million (95% UI: 9.3-9.8 million) deaths from cancer (9.5 million excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) worldwide in 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, 08, France
| | - M Colombet
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, 08, France
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, 08, France
| | - C Mathers
- Mortality and Health Analysis, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D M Parkin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Piñeros
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, 08, France
| | - A Znaor
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, 08, France
| | - F Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, 08, France
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4
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Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin D, Piñeros M, Znaor A, Bray F. Estimating the global cancer incidence and mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN sources and methods. Int J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31937 or 1=1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Ferlay
- Section of Cancer SurveillanceInternational Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon Cedex, 08 France
| | - M. Colombet
- Section of Cancer SurveillanceInternational Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon Cedex, 08 France
| | - I. Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer SurveillanceInternational Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon Cedex, 08 France
| | - C. Mathers
- Mortality and Health AnalysisWorld Health Organization Geneva Switzerland
| | - D.M. Parkin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies UnitUniversity of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - M. Piñeros
- Section of Cancer SurveillanceInternational Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon Cedex, 08 France
| | - A. Znaor
- Section of Cancer SurveillanceInternational Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon Cedex, 08 France
| | - F. Bray
- Section of Cancer SurveillanceInternational Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon Cedex, 08 France
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5
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Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Dyba T, Randi G, Bettio M, Gavin A, Visser O, Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: Estimates for 40 countries and 25 major cancers in 2018. Eur J Cancer 2018; 103:356-387. [PMID: 30100160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1473] [Impact Index Per Article: 245.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Europe contains 9% of the world population but has a 25% share of the global cancer burden. Up-to-date cancer statistics in Europe are key to cancer planning. Cancer incidence and mortality estimates for 25 major cancers are presented for the 40 countries in the four United Nations-defined areas of Europe and for Europe and the European Union (EU-28) for 2018. METHODS Estimates of national incidence and mortality rates for 2018 were based on statistical models applied to the most recently published data, with predictions obtained from recent trends, where possible. The estimated rates in 2018 were applied to the 2018 population estimates to obtain the estimated numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in Europe in 2018. RESULTS There were an estimated 3.91 million new cases of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and 1.93 million deaths from cancer in Europe in 2018. The most common cancer sites were cancers of the female breast (523,000 cases), followed by colorectal (500,000), lung (470,000) and prostate cancer (450,000). These four cancers represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Europe. The most common causes of death from cancer were cancers of the lung (388,000 deaths), colorectal (243,000), breast (138,000) and pancreatic cancer (128,000). In the EU-28, the estimated number of new cases of cancer was approximately 1.6 million in males and 1.4 million in females, with 790,000 men and 620,000 women dying from the disease in the same year. CONCLUSION The present estimates of the cancer burden in Europe alongside a description of the profiles of common cancers at the national and regional level provide a basis for establishing priorities for cancer control actions across Europe. The estimates presented here are based on the recorded data from 145 population-based cancer registries in Europe. Their long established role in planning and evaluating national cancer plans on the continent should not be undervalued.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - M Colombet
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - T Dyba
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - G Randi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - M Bettio
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - A Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - O Visser
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - F Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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6
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Cao B, Bray F, Meheus F, Ilbawi A, Bertram M, Soerjomataram I. Global impact of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal target for NCDs on longevity and economy. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Cao
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - F Bray
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - F Meheus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - A Ilbawi
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Bertram
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Arnold M, Kvaskoff M, Thuret A, Guénel P, Bray F, Soerjomataram I. Cutaneous melanoma in France in 2015 attributable to solar ultraviolet radiation and the use of sunbeds. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:1681-1686. [PMID: 29706005 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the use of UV-emitting tanning devices are associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma occurrence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify the proportion and number of melanoma cases attributable to solar UVR exposure and sunbed use in France in 2015. METHODS Population attributable fractions (PAFs) and numbers of melanoma cases attributable to solar UVR exposure were estimated by age and sex using the incidence rates of a 1903 birth cohort as the primary reference. Further analyses were performed using the following: (i) contemporary melanoma incidence rates in low-incidence regions within France and (ii) national melanoma incidence rates for the year 1980, as additional references. Assuming a 15-year lag period, PAF and melanoma cases attributable to sunbed use were calculated using prevalence estimates from a cross-sectional population survey and published relative risk estimates. RESULTS In 2015, an estimated 10 340 melanoma cases diagnosed in French adults were attributable to solar UVR exposure, corresponding to 83% of all melanomas and 3% of all cancer cases in that year. PAFs for melanoma were highest in the youngest age group (30-49 years) and higher in men than in women (89% vs. 79%). A total of 382 melanoma cases occurring in French adults in 2015 were attributed to the use of sunbeds, equivalent to 1.5% and 4.6% of all melanoma cases in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of melanoma cases in France in 2015 were attributable to solar UVR exposure, suggesting that targeted prevention strategies need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M Kvaskoff
- CESP, Fac. de médecine, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - A Thuret
- Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - P Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - F Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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8
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Arnold M, Charvat H, Freisling H, Tryggvadóttir L, Soerjomataram I. The impact of lifetime overweight and obesity on cancer incidence–A population-based study in Icelandic women. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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9
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Menvielle G, Kulhanova I, Soerjomataram I. Tobacco-attributable burden of cancer according to socioeconomic position in France. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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10
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Arnold M, Rutherford M, Bardot A, Soerjomataram I, Bray F. Comprehensive cancer survival comparisons across seven countries, 1995–2014: The ICBP SURMARK2 project. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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11
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Miranda-Filho A, Piñeros M, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Monnereau A, Bray F. Epidemiological patterns of leukemia in 184 countries: A population-based study. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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12
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Araghi M, Arnold M, Bray F, Soerjomataram I. Global trends and projections in colorectal cancer mortality. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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13
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Miranda-Filho A, Piñeros M, Ferla J, Soerjomataram I, Bray F. Geographical disparities in chronic lymphoid leukemia: Clues to an environmental etiology? Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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14
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Pardo LM, van der Leest RJT, de Vries E, Soerjomataram I, Nijsten T, Hollestein LM. Comparing survival of patients with single or multiple primary melanoma in the Netherlands: 1994-2009. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:531-533. [PMID: 27377396 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L M Pardo
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J T van der Leest
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E de Vries
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - T Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L M Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
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15
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Nagrani R, Mhatre S, Rajaraman P, Soerjomataram I, Boffetta P, Gupta S, Parmar V, Badwe R, Dikshit R. Central obesity increases risk of breast cancer irrespective of menopausal and hormonal receptor status in women of South Asian Ethnicity. Eur J Cancer 2016; 66:153-61. [PMID: 27573429 PMCID: PMC5040194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that the relationship between obesity and breast cancer (BC) risk may vary between ethnic groups. METHODS A total of 1633 BC cases and 1504 controls were enrolled in hospital-based case-control study in Mumbai, India, from 2009 to 2013. Along with detailed questionnaire, we collected anthropometric measurements on all participants. We used unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for BC risk associated with anthropometry measurements, stratified on tumour subtype and menopausal status. RESULTS Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of ≥0.95 was strongly associated with risk of BC compared to WHR ≤0.84 in both premenopausal (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 2.9-6.3) and postmenopausal women (OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 2.4-4.8) after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Premenopausal women with a BMI ≥30 were at lower risk compared to women with normal BMI (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4-0.8). A similar protective effect was observed in women who were postmenopausal for <10 years (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) but not in women who were postmenopausal for ≥10 years (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.3). Overweight and obese women (BMI: 25-29.9 and ≥ 30 kg/m(2), respectively) were at increased BC risk irrespective of menopausal status if their WHR ≥0.95. Central obesity (measured in terms of WC and WHR) increased the risk of both premenopausal and postmenopausal BCs irrespective of hormone receptor (HR) status. CONCLUSIONS Central obesity appears to be a key risk factor for BC irrespective of menopausal or HR status in Indian women with no history of hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagrani
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - S Mhatre
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - P Rajaraman
- Center for Global Health, U.S. National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20892-9760, USA
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon CEDEX, France
| | - P Boffetta
- Institute For Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012, India
| | - V Parmar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012, India
| | - R Badwe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 012, India
| | - R Dikshit
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
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16
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Rentería E, Jha P, Forman D, Soerjomataram I. The impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy between 1980 and 2010: a global perspective. Tob Control 2016; 25:551-7. [PMID: 26307052 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is among the leading causes of preventable mortality worldwide. We assessed the impact of smoking on life expectancy worldwide between 1980 and 2010. METHODS We retrieved cause-specific mortality data from the WHO Mortality Database by sex, year and age for 63 countries with high or moderate quality data (1980-2010). Using the time of the peak of the smoking epidemic by country, relative risks from the three waves of the Cancer Prevention Study were applied to calculate the smoking impact ratio and population attributable fraction. Finally, we estimated the potential gain in life expectancy at age 40 if smoking-related deaths in middle age (40-79 years) were eliminated. RESULTS Currently, tobacco smoking is related to approximately 20% of total adult mortality in the countries in this study (24% in men and 12% in women). If smoking-related deaths were eliminated, adult life expectancy would increase on average by 2.4 years in men (0.1 in Uzbekistan to 4.8 years in Hungary) and 1 year in women (0.1 in Kyrgyzstan to 2.9 years in the USA). The proportion of smoking-related mortality among men has declined in most countries, but has increased in the most populous country in the world, that is, China from 4.6% to 7.3%. Increases in the impact of tobacco on life expectancy were observed among women in high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS Recent trends indicate a substantial rise in the population-level impact of tobacco smoking on life expectancy in women and in middle-income countries. High-quality local data are needed in most low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rentería
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - P Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), St. Michael's Hospital and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D Forman
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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17
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Pardo L, ven der Leest R, de Vries E, Soerjomataram I, Nijsten T, Hollestein L. Comparing survival of patients with single or multiple primary melanoma in The Netherlands: 1994- 2009. Dermatol Online J 2016. [DOI: 10.5070/d3229032530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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18
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Colquhoun A, Arnold M, Ferlay J, Goodman KJ, Forman D, Soerjomataram I. Global patterns of cardia and non-cardia gastric cancer incidence in 2012. Gut 2015; 64:1881-8. [PMID: 25748648 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Globally, gastric cancer incidence shows remarkable international variation and demonstrates distinct characteristics by the two major topographical subsites, cardia (CGC) and non-cardia (NCGC). Because global incidence estimates by subsite are lacking, we aimed to describe the worldwide incidence patterns of CGC and NCGC separately. DESIGN Using Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volume X (CI5X), we ascertained the proportions of CGC and NCGC by country, sex and age group (<65 and ≥65 years). These derived proportions were applied to GLOBOCAN 2012 data to estimate country-specific age-standardised CGC and NCGC incidence rates (ASR). Regional proportions were used to estimate rates for countries not included in CI5X. RESULTS According to our estimates, in 2012, there were 260,000 cases of CGC (ASR 3.3 per 100,000) and 691,000 cases of NCGC (ASR 8.8) worldwide. The highest regional rates of both gastric cancer subsites were in Eastern/Southeastern Asia (in men, ASRs: 8.7 and 21.7 for CGC and NCGC, respectively). In most countries NCGC occurred more frequently than CGC with an average ratio of 2:1; however, in some populations where NCGC incidence rates were lower than the global average, CGC rates were similar or higher than NCGC rates. Men had higher rates than women for both subsites but particularly for CGC (male-to-female ratio 3:1). CONCLUSIONS This study has, for the first time, quantified global incidence patterns of CGC and NCGC providing new insights into the global burden of these cancers. Country-specific estimates are provided; however, these should be interpreted with caution. This work will support future investigations across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Colquhoun
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - K J Goodman
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Forman
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Bray F, Ferlay J, Laversanne M, Brewster DH, Gombe Mbalawa C, Kohler B, Piñeros M, Steliarova-Foucher E, Swaminathan R, Antoni S, Soerjomataram I, Forman D. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents: Inclusion criteria, highlights from Volume X and the global status of cancer registration. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2060-71. [PMID: 26135522 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5), a longstanding collaboration between the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the International Association of Cancer Registries, serves as a unique source of cancer incidence data from high-quality population-based cancer registries around the world. The recent publication of Volume X comprises cancer incidence data from 290 registries covering 424 populations in 68 countries for the registration period 2003-2007. In this article, we assess the status of population-based cancer registries worldwide, describe the techniques used in CI5 to evaluate their quality and highlight the notable variation in the incidence rates of selected cancers contained within Volume X of CI5. We also discuss the Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development as an international partnership that aims to reduce the disparities in availability of cancer incidence data for cancer control action, particularly in economically transitioning countries, already experiencing a rapid rise in the number of cancer patients annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J Ferlay
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M Laversanne
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - D H Brewster
- Scottish Cancer Registry, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - B Kohler
- North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, USA
| | - M Piñeros
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Colombia
| | - E Steliarova-Foucher
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - S Antoni
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - D Forman
- Cancer Surveillance Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Otto SJ, Korfage IJ, Polinder S, van der Heide A, de Vries E, Rietjens JAC, Soerjomataram I. Association of change in physical activity and body weight with quality of life and mortality in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2014; 23:1237-50. [PMID: 25318696 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed to assess the associations between change over time in physical activity and weight and quality of life and mortality in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for English language articles published between January 1, 1990 and October 7, 2013. These articles reported results for changes in physical activity and body weight, assessed at pre- to post-diagnosis or at post-diagnosis only. A random effects model was used to analyze pooled quality of life and mortality estimates. RESULTS Seven eligible studies were identified and analyzed. Increased physical activity was associated with higher overall quality of life scores (N = 3 studies; standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.74, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.66-0.82), reduced disease-specific mortality risk (hazard ratio (HRpooled) = 0.70, 95 % CI = 0.55-0.85), and reduced overall mortality (HRpooled = 0.75, CI = 0.62-0.87) (N = 2 studies). Weight gain was not associated with disease-specific (HRpooled = 1.02, CI = 0.84-1.20) or overall (HRpooled = 1.03, CI = 0.86-1.19) mortality (N = 3 studies). CONCLUSIONS Increased physical activity was associated with improved quality of life, a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, and overall mortality rate. Given the paucity of the literature published on this topic, this finding should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Otto
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands,
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Lortet-Tieulent J, Soerjomataram I, Ferlay J, Rutherford M, Weiderpass E, Bray F. International trends in lung cancer incidence by histological subtype: adenocarcinoma stabilizing in men but still increasing in women. Lung Cancer 2014; 84:13-22. [PMID: 24524818 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trends in overall lung cancer incidence in different countries reflect the maturity of the smoking epidemic. Further understanding of the underlying causes for trends over time can be gained by assessing the trends by sex and histological subtype. We provide a temporal analysis of lung cancer incidence in 12 populations (11 countries), with a focus on cohort-specific trends for the main histological subtypes (squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), adenocarcinomas (AdC), and small cell carcinoma). MATERIAL AND METHODS We restrict the analysis to population-based registry data of sufficient quality to provide meaningful interpretation, using data in Europe, North America and Oceania, extracted from successive Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Volumes. Poorly specified morphologies were reallocated to a specified grouping on a population, 5-year period and age group basis. RESULTS In men, lung cancer rates have been declining overall and by subtype, since the beginning of the study period, except for AdC. AdC incidence rates have risen and surpassed those of SCC (historically the most frequent subtype) in the majority of these populations, but started to stabilize during the mid-1980s in North America, Australia and Iceland. In women, AdC has been historically the most frequent subtype and rates continue to increase in most populations studied. Early signs of a decline in AdC can however be observed in Canada, Denmark and Australia among very recent female cohorts, born after 1950. CONCLUSIONS The continuing rise in lung cancer among women in many countries reinforces the need for targeted smoking cessation efforts alongside preventive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lortet-Tieulent
- Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - I Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - J Ferlay
- Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - M Rutherford
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - E Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F Bray
- Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Font-Gonzalez A, Liu L, Voogd AC, Schmidt MK, Roukema JA, Coebergh JWW, de Vries E, Soerjomataram I. Inferior survival for young patients with contralateral compared to unilateral breast cancer: a nationwide population-based study in the Netherlands. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:811-9. [PMID: 23760860 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To compare overall survival between women with unilateral breast cancer (UBC) and contralateral breast cancer (CBC). Women with UBC (N = 182,562; 95 %) and CBC (N = 8,912; 5 %) recorded in the Netherlands Cancer Registry between 1989 and 2008 were included and followed until 2010. We incorporated CBC as a time-dependent covariate to compute the overall mortality rate ratio between women with CBC and UBC. Prognostic factors for overall death were examined according to age at first breast cancer. Women with CBC exhibited a 30 % increase in overall mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR), 95 % Confidence Interval: 1.3, 1.3-1.4) compared with UBC, decreasing with rising age at diagnosis of first breast cancer (<50 years: 2.3, 2.2-2.5 vs. ≥70 years: 1.1, 1.0-1.1). Women older than 50 years at CBC diagnosis and diagnosed 2-5 years after their first breast cancer exhibited a 20 % higher death risk (1.2, 1.0-1.3) compared to those diagnosed within the first 2 years. In women younger than 50 years, the HR was significantly lower if the CBC was diagnosed >5 years after the first breast cancer (0.7, 0.5-0.9). The prognosis for women with CBC significantly improved over time (2004-2008: 0.6, 0.5-0.7 vs. 1989-1993). Women with CBC had a lower survival compared to women with UBC, especially those younger than 50 years at first breast cancer diagnosis. A tailored follow-up strategy beyond current recommendations is needed for these patients who, because of their age and absence of known familial risk, are currently not invited for population-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Font-Gonzalez
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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Kok DEG, van de Schans SAM, Liu L, Kampman E, Coebergh JWW, Kiemeney LALM, Soerjomataram I, Aben KKH. Risk of prostate cancer among cancer survivors in the Netherlands. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 37:140-5. [PMID: 23265853 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In parallel with increasing numbers of cancer patients and improving cancer survival, the occurrence of second primary cancers becomes a relevant issue. The aim of our study was to evaluate risk of prostate cancer as second primary cancer in a population-based setting. METHODS Data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry were used to estimate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for prostate cancer as second primary cancer. The effect of time since first cancer diagnosis, specific first cancer sites, age, and pelvic radiotherapy was taken into account. RESULTS Out of 551,553 male patients diagnosed with a first primary cancer between 1989 and 2008, 9243 patients were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer. Overall, cancer survivors showed an increased risk (SIR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2-1.3) of prostate cancer. The increased prostate cancer risk was limited to the first year of follow-up for the majority of the specific first cancer sites. More than 10 years after the first cancer diagnosis, only melanoma patients were at increased risk (SIR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9), while patients with head or neck cancers were at decreased risk (SIR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9) of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. Patients who underwent primary pelvic radiotherapy for their first cancer had a decreased risk of prostate cancer in the long term (SIR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.6). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that cancer survivors have an increased prostate cancer risk in the first year following a first cancer diagnosis, which is most likely the result of active screening or incidental detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E G Kok
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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24
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de Vries E, Soerjomataram I, Coebergh JW. Benefits of lifestyle interventions: precise input estimates needed. Lancet 2012; 380:973-4; author reply 974. [PMID: 22981108 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kwast ABG, Liu L, Roukema JA, Voogd AC, Jobsen JJ, Coebergh JW, Soerjomataram I, Siesling S. Increased risks of third primary cancers of non-breast origin among women with bilateral breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:549-55. [PMID: 22713658 PMCID: PMC3405211 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the risk of third cancer of non-breast origin (TNBC) among women with bilateral breast cancer (BBC; either synchronous or metachronous), focussing on the relation with breast cancer treatment. METHODS Risk was assessed, among 8752 Dutch women diagnosed with BBC between 1989 and 2008, using standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and Cox regression analyses to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of TNBC for different treatment modalities. RESULTS Significant increased SIRs were observed for all TNBCs combined, haematological malignancies, stomach, colorectal, non-melanoma skin, lung, head and neck, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. A 10-fold increased risk was found for ovarian cancer among women younger than 50 years (SIR=10.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=5.3-17.4). Radiotherapy was associated with increased risks of all TNBCs combined (HR=1.3; 95%CI=1.1-1.6, respectively). Endocrine therapy was associated with increased risks of all TNBCs combined (HR=1.2; 95%CI=1.0-1.5), haematological malignancies (HR=2.0; 95%CI=1.1-3.9), and head and neck cancer (HR=3.3; 95%CI=1.1-10.4). After chemotherapy decreased risks were found for all TNBCs combined (HR=0.63; 95%CI=0.5-0.87). CONCLUSION Increased risk of TNBC could be influenced by genetic factors (ovarian cancer) or an effect of treatment (radiotherapy and endocrine therapy). More insight in the TNBC risk should further optimise and individualise treatment and surveillance protocols in (young) women with BBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B G Kwast
- Department of Research and Registration, Comprehensive Cancer Centre The Netherlands, PO Box 19079, 3501 DB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Liu L, Lemmens V, de Hingh I, de Vries E, van Leerdam M, Coebergh JW, Soerjomataram I. P2-160 Right-side shifting of second colorectal cancer-implications for aetiology and clinical relevance. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976i.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Liu L, de Vries E, Nijsten T, Coebergh JW, Soerjomataram I. P2-159 Can the increased incidence of melanoma be explained solely by enhanced surveillance and awareness? A study using second melanoma as an indicator. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976i.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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de Vries E, Soerjomataram I, Lemmens VEPP, Coebergh JWW, Barendregt JJ, Oenema A, Møller H, Brenner H, Renehan AG. Lifestyle changes and reduction of colon cancer incidence in Europe: A scenario study of physical activity promotion and weight reduction. Eur J Cancer 2011; 46:2605-16. [PMID: 20843489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Across Europe, there are over 300,000 new cases of colorectal cancer annually. Major risk factors include excess body weight (usually expressed by a high body mass index, BMI) and physical inactivity (PA). In this study we modelled the potential long-term effects on colon cancer incidence of changes in prevalence of excess body weight and physical inactivity in seven European countries across Europe with adequate data. METHODS We addressed the impact of interventions aimed at preventing weight gain and increasing physical activity on colon cancer incidence using the Prevent model as refined in the FP-6 Eurocadet project. Relative risk (RR) estimates were derived from meta-analyses; sex- and country-specific prevalences of BMI and PA were determined from survey data. Models were made for Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Latvia, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. RESULTS In a hypothetical scenario in which a whole population had obtained an ideal weight distribution in the year 2009, up to 11 new cases per 100,000 person-years would be avoided by 2040. The population attributable fractions (PAF) for excess weight were much higher for males (between 13.5% and 18.2%) than for females (2.3-4.6%). In contrast, using the optimum scenario where everybody in Europe would adhere to the recommended guideline of at least 30 min of moderate PA 5d per week, the PAFs for PA in various countries were substantially greater in women (4.4-21.2%) than in men (3.2-11.6%). Sensitivity analyses were performed assuming underreporting of BMI by using self-reports (difference of 5 and 0.8 percent-points in males and females, respectively), using different risk estimates (between 5.8 and 11.5 percent-points difference for BMI for men and women, respectively, and up to 11.6 percent-points difference for PA for women). INTERPRETATION Changes in lifestyle can indeed result in large health benefits, including for colon cancer. Two interesting patterns emerged: for colon cancer, achieving optimum BMI levels in the population appears to offer the greatest health benefits in population attributable fractions in males, while increased physical activity might offer the greatest fraction of avoidable cancers in females. These observations suggest a sex-specific strategy to colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Vries
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Soerjomataram I, Thong M, Poll LV, Ezzati M, Nusselder W. Healthy life expectancy of colorectal cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Coebergh J, deVries E, Soerjomataram I, Barendregt J, Oenema A, Lemmens V, Kunst A, Boniol M, Autier P, Klepp K. 269 Scenarios for Cancer prevention in Europe: the Eurocadet project. EJC Suppl 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(09)70226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Soerjomataram I, Louwman WJ, Duijm LEM, Coebergh JWW. Rising incidence of breast cancer among female cancer survivors: implications for surveillance. Br J Cancer 2008; 100:77-81. [PMID: 19066609 PMCID: PMC2634669 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of female cancer survivors has been rising rapidly. We assessed the occurrence of breast cancer in these survivors over time. We computed incidence of primary breast cancer in two cohorts of female cancer survivors with a first diagnosis of cancer at ages 30+ in the periods 1975–1979 and 1990–1994. Cohorts were followed for 10 years through a population-based cancer registry. Over a period of 15 years, the incidence rate of breast cancer among female cancer survivors increased by 30% (age-standardised rate ratio (RR-adj): 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03–1.68). The increase was significant for non-breast cancer survivors (RR-adj: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04–2.75). During the study period, the rate of second breast cancer stage II tripled (RR-adj: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.73–5.78). Non-breast cancer survivors had a significantly (P value=0.005) more unfavourable stage distribution (62% stage II and III) than breast cancer survivors (32% stage II and III). A marked rise in breast cancer incidence among female cancer survivors was observed. Research to optimise follow-up strategies for these women to detect breast cancer at an early stage is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Soerjomataram
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Soerjomataram I, Louwman WJ, Lemmens VEPP, Coebergh JWW, de Vries E. Are patients with skin cancer at lower risk of developing colorectal or breast cancer? Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167:1421-9. [PMID: 18424428 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet exposure may reduce the risk of colorectal and breast cancer as the result of rising vitamin D levels. Because skin cancer is positively related to sun exposure, the authors hypothesized a lower incidence of breast and colorectal cancer after skin cancer diagnosis. They analyzed the incidence of colorectal and breast cancer diagnosed from 1972 to 2002 among 26,916 Netherlands skin cancer patients (4,089 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 19,319 basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and 3,508 cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM)). Standardized incidence ratios were calculated. A markedly decreased risk of colorectal cancer was found for subgroups supposedly associated with the highest accumulated sun exposure: men (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71, 0.97); patients with SCC (SIR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.93); older patients at SCC diagnosis (SIR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88); and patients with a SCC or BCC lesion on the head and neck area (SIR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.92 for SCC and SIR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.97 for BCC). Patients with CMM exhibited an increased risk of breast cancer, especially advanced breast cancer (SIR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.94) and older patients at CMM diagnosis (SIR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.89). Study results suggest a beneficial effect of continuous sun exposure against colorectal cancer. The higher risk of breast cancer among CMM patients may be related to socioeconomic class, both being more common in the affluent group.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Soerjomataram
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Soerjomataram I, Louwman W, Duijm L, Coebergh J. Rising incidence of breast cancer among female cancer survivors: Implications for surveillance. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)70397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Soerjomataram I, Pukkala E, Brenner H, Coebergh J. 1214 POSTER On the avoidability of breast cancer in western societies: older age at first birth as a an indicator of excess of breast cancer cases. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Soerjomataram I, Louwman WJ, van der Sangen MJC, Roumen RMH, Coebergh JWW. Increased risk of second malignancies after in situ breast carcinoma in a population-based registry. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:393-7. [PMID: 16804522 PMCID: PMC2360642 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 1276 primary breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) patients diagnosed in 1972-2002 in the Southern Netherlands, 11% developed a second cancer. Breast carcinoma in situ patients exhibited a two-fold increased risk of second cancer (standardised incidence ratios (SIR): 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-2.5). The risk was highest for a second breast cancer (SIR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.6-4.3; AER: 66 patients per 10,000 per year) followed by skin cancer (SIR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.6; AER: 17 patients per 10,000 per year). The increased risk of second breast cancer was similar for the ipsilateral (SIR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.7) and contralateral (SIR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4-2.8) breast. Risk of second cancer was independent of age at diagnosis, type of initial therapy, histologic type of BCIS and period of diagnosis. Standardised incidence ratios of second cancer after BCIS (SIR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.8-2.8) resembled that after invasive breast cancer (SIR: 2.2, 95% CI: 2.1-2.4). Surveillance should be directed towards second (ipsi- and contra-lateral) breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Soerjomataram
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands.
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Soerjomataram I, Louwman WJ, Lemmens VEPP, de Vries E, Klokman WJ, Coebergh JWW. Risks of second primary breast and urogenital cancer following female breast cancer in the south of The Netherlands, 1972–2001. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:2331-7. [PMID: 16140007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A cohort of 9919 breast cancer patients from the population-based Eindhoven Cancer Registry was followed for vital status and development of second cancer. Person-year analysis was applied to determine the risk of second primary breast or urogenital cancer among breast cancer patients and to assess its correlation with age, treatment and time since the first breast cancer diagnosis. Women with previous breast cancer have an elevated risk of overall second breast or urogenital cancer. The largest relative risk was observed for second breast cancer (SIR (standardised incidence ratio) 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2-3.8) and second ovarian cancer (SIR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.3). The absolute excess risk was highest for second breast cancer (64/10,000 patients/year). However, breast cancer has an inverse relationship to risk of cervical cancer. Changes in behavioural risk factors are important for lowering the risk of second cancer after breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Soerjomataram
- Netherlands Institute of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Soerjomataram I, Louwman WJ, de Vries E, Lemmens VEPP, Klokman WJ, Coebergh JWW. Primary Malignancy after Primary Female Breast Cancer in the South of the Netherlands, 1972–2001. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 93:91-5. [PMID: 16184464 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-005-4016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the risk of second primary cancers among women with previous breast cancer and calculate the excess burden of second cancer in the population. METHODS A population-based longitudinal study was conducted using the Eindhoven cancer registry data on 9919 breast cancer patients diagnosed in the period 1972-2000 and followed until 2001. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and absolute excess risks (AER) were calculated. RESULTS In total, 1298 (13%) women developed a second primary cancer. The risk of overall second cancer was higher among breast cancer patients compared to the general population (SIR: 2.8; 95% CI: 2.6-2.9), with an AER of 115 second cancers for every 10,000 breast cancer patients per year. High SIR and AER were observed for breast cancer (SIR: 4.1; 95% CI: 3.8-4.4; AER: 64/10,000 patients/year) and ovarian cancer (SIR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5-2.7; AER: 4.5/10,000 patients/year). CONCLUSIONS Our recent data show that women with previous breast cancer have an elevated risk of developing a second cancer compared to the general population. Excess burden for the population is especially high for second cancers of the breast, ovary and colon. Screening may only be justified for breast, ovary and colon cancer in certain groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Soerjomataram
- Netherlands Institute of Health Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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