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Phillips GAC, Krueck N, Ogier E, Barrett N, Dutton I, Hartmann K. Assessing the multiple benefits of partially protected marine protected areas in Australia: A systematic review protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284711. [PMID: 37079655 PMCID: PMC10118075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is global pressure to protect more of the world's oceans, primarily to protect biodiversity, and to fulfill the "30 by 30" goal set by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) that has recently been ratified under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework at the fifteenth Conference of Parties (COP-15). Fully protected marine protected areas (MPAs) provide the highest level of protection for biodiversity from destructive or extractive practices and may limit access to the area itself. Fully protected MPAs (also commonly referred to as 'no-take MPAs') ban all fishing activities, thereby removing the realisation of direct economic and social benefits from resource extraction within these areas. However, fully protected MPAs can still act as source of productivity to surrounding areas, while also providing an important scientific reference role for off-reserve management thereby providing indirect economic and social outcomes, as well as biodiversity benefits. Sustainable marine resource management strives to achieve 'triple-bottom line' benefits, where economic, social, and biodiversity benefits are maximised in managed areas of the ocean. Implementing 'partially protected' areas (PPAs) in areas of high biodiversity value (i.e., inshore, productive areas of the ocean) that allow for some extractive activities, may allow us to supplement fully MPAs to meet IUCN conservation goals, while maximising social and economic benefits. However, our current understanding lacks explicit quantitative assessments of whether and how PPAs can benefit (or otherwise) biodiversity, while also providing economic and social benefits. This study provides a method to systematically review the scientific and legislative literature to understand how PPAs may contribute to conserving biodiversity while also providing social and economic benefits to Australia. METHODS AND EXPECTED OUTPUTS The implementation of partially protected areas (PPAs) requires careful consideration of many potentially competing factors, and an understanding of the types of partial protection already in place in a region. We have developed a systematic literature review protocol focussing on the primary research question: "What is the current state of partially protected area (PPA) implementation across Australian marine areas?". The aim of the review is to provide marine resource managers with a comprehensive overview of PPAs in Australia, including associated goals and stated management strategies to achieve these goals, and a methodological approach that may be utilised globally. The review protocol was designed by the research team for a Fisheries Resource and Development Corporation (FRDC) strategic research grant and will seek input from a project steering committee for the project on aggregation of the initial results. The steering committee is made up of stakeholders from a wide range of backgrounds and interests, covering marine conservation, fisheries management, Indigenous values, and academic research in Australia. Multiple academic databases, alongside Australian Federal, State, and Territory legislation and related policies will be reviewed using Boolean keyword search strings for both academic databases and relevant grey literature. Results from eligible documents will be compiled and insights from the review collated to provide information on the status of PPA implementation in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve A C Phillips
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, The University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nils Krueck
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, The University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Emily Ogier
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, The University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Neville Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, The University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ian Dutton
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, The University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Klaas Hartmann
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, The University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania, Australia
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Haas B, Mackay M, Novaglio C, Fullbrook L, Murunga M, Sbrocchi C, McDonald J, McCormack PC, Alexander K, Fudge M, Goldsworthy L, Boschetti F, Dutton I, Dutra L, McGee J, Rousseau Y, Spain E, Stephenson R, Vince J, Wilcox C, Haward M. The future of ocean governance. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2022. [PMID: 33456210 DOI: 10.22541/au.160193487.70124607/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ocean governance is complex and influenced by multiple drivers and actors with different worldviews and goals. While governance encompasses many elements, in this paper we focus on the processes that operate within and between states, civil society and local communities, and the market, including industry. Specifically, in this paper, we address the question of how to move towards more sustainable ocean governance aligning with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the UN Ocean Decade. We address three major risks to oceans that arise from governance-related issues: (1) the impacts of the overexploitation of marine resources; (2) inequitable distribution of access to and benefits from marine ecosystem services, and (3) inadequate or inappropriate adaptation to changing ocean conditions. The SDGs have been used as an underlying framework to develop these risks. We identify five drivers that may determine how ocean governance evolves, namely formal rules and institutions, evidence and knowledge-based decision-making, legitimacy of decision-making institutions, stakeholder engagement and participation, and empowering communities. These drivers were used to define two alternative futures by 2030: (a) 'Business as Usual'-a continuation of current trajectories and (b) 'More Sustainable Future'-optimistic, transformational, but technically achievable. We then identify what actions, as structured processes, can reduce the three major governance-related risks and lead to the More Sustainable Future. These actions relate to the process of co-creation and implementation of improved, comprehensive, and integrated management plans, enhancement of decision-making processes, and better anticipation and consideration of ambiguity and uncertainty. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article (10.1007/s11160-020-09631-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Haas
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Camilla Novaglio
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Liam Fullbrook
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 22, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Michael Murunga
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Carla Sbrocchi
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jan McDonald
- Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 89, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Phillipa C McCormack
- Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 89, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Karen Alexander
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Maree Fudge
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Lyn Goldsworthy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Fabio Boschetti
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Ian Dutton
- Department of Primary Industries Parks, Water and Environment, GPO Box 44, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Leo Dutra
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia 4067, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jeffrey McGee
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 89, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Yannick Rousseau
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Erica Spain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Robert Stephenson
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
- St. Andrews Biological Station, St. Andrews, NB Canada
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 22, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Chris Wilcox
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Marcus Haward
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
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Haas B, Mackay M, Novaglio C, Fullbrook L, Murunga M, Sbrocchi C, McDonald J, McCormack PC, Alexander K, Fudge M, Goldsworthy L, Boschetti F, Dutton I, Dutra L, McGee J, Rousseau Y, Spain E, Stephenson R, Vince J, Wilcox C, Haward M. The future of ocean governance. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2022; 32:253-270. [PMID: 33456210 PMCID: PMC7802408 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-020-09631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ocean governance is complex and influenced by multiple drivers and actors with different worldviews and goals. While governance encompasses many elements, in this paper we focus on the processes that operate within and between states, civil society and local communities, and the market, including industry. Specifically, in this paper, we address the question of how to move towards more sustainable ocean governance aligning with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the UN Ocean Decade. We address three major risks to oceans that arise from governance-related issues: (1) the impacts of the overexploitation of marine resources; (2) inequitable distribution of access to and benefits from marine ecosystem services, and (3) inadequate or inappropriate adaptation to changing ocean conditions. The SDGs have been used as an underlying framework to develop these risks. We identify five drivers that may determine how ocean governance evolves, namely formal rules and institutions, evidence and knowledge-based decision-making, legitimacy of decision-making institutions, stakeholder engagement and participation, and empowering communities. These drivers were used to define two alternative futures by 2030: (a) 'Business as Usual'-a continuation of current trajectories and (b) 'More Sustainable Future'-optimistic, transformational, but technically achievable. We then identify what actions, as structured processes, can reduce the three major governance-related risks and lead to the More Sustainable Future. These actions relate to the process of co-creation and implementation of improved, comprehensive, and integrated management plans, enhancement of decision-making processes, and better anticipation and consideration of ambiguity and uncertainty. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article (10.1007/s11160-020-09631-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Haas
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Camilla Novaglio
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Liam Fullbrook
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 22, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Michael Murunga
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Carla Sbrocchi
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jan McDonald
- Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 89, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Phillipa C. McCormack
- Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 89, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Karen Alexander
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Maree Fudge
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Lyn Goldsworthy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Fabio Boschetti
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Ian Dutton
- Department of Primary Industries Parks, Water and Environment, GPO Box 44, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Leo Dutra
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia 4067, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Jeffrey McGee
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Faculty of Law, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 89, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Yannick Rousseau
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Erica Spain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Robert Stephenson
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
- St. Andrews Biological Station, St. Andrews, NB Canada
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 22, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Chris Wilcox
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Marcus Haward
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
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Wilson KA, Meijaard E, Drummond S, Grantham HS, Boitani L, Catullo G, Christie L, Dennis R, Dutton I, Falcucci A, Maiorano L, Possingham HP, Rondinini C, Turner WR, Venter O, Watts M. Conserving biodiversity in production landscapes. Ecol Appl 2010; 20:1721-1732. [PMID: 20945770 DOI: 10.1890/09-1051.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alternative land uses make different contributions to the conservation of biodiversity and have different implementation and management costs. Conservation planning analyses to date have generally assumed that land is either protected or unprotected, and that the unprotected portion does not contribute to conservation goals. We develop and apply a new planning approach that explicitly accounts for the contribution of a diverse range of land uses to achieving conservation goals. Using East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) as a case study, we prioritize investments in alternative conservation strategies and account for the relative contribution of land uses ranging from production forest to well-managed protected areas. We employ data on the distribution of mammals and assign species-specific conservation targets to achieve equitable protection by accounting for life history characteristics and home range sizes. The relative sensitivity of each species to forest degradation determines the contribution of each land use to achieving targets. We compare the cost effectiveness of our approach to a plan that considers only the contribution of protected areas to biodiversity conservation, and to a plan that assumes that the cost of conservation is represented by only the opportunity costs of conservation to the timber industry. Our preliminary results will require further development and substantial stakeholder engagement prior to implementation; nonetheless we reveal that, by accounting for the contribution of unprotected land, we can obtain more refined estimates of the costs of conservation. Using traditional planning approaches would overestimate the cost of achieving the conservation targets by an order of magnitude. Our approach reveals not only where to invest, but which strategies to invest in, in order to effectively and efficiently conserve biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Wilson KA, Dutton I, Foreman P, Kearney F, Watson I. Partner or perish or perish through partnering? A workshop report. Ecological Management & Restoration 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-8903.2009.00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Balmford A, Bennun L, Brink BT, Cooper D, Côte IM, Crane P, Dobson A, Dudley N, Dutton I, Green RE, Gregory RD, Harrison J, Kennedy ET, Kremen C, Leader-Williams N, Lovejoy TE, Mace G, May R, Mayaux P, Morling P, Phillips J, Redford K, Ricketts TH, Rodríguez JP, Sanjayan M, Schei PJ, van Jaarsveld AS, Walther BA. ECOLOGY: The Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010 Target. Science 2005; 307:212-3. [PMID: 15653489 DOI: 10.1126/science.1106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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