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Matam SK, Silverwood IP, Boudjema L, O'Malley AJ, Catlow CRA. Methanol diffusion and dynamics in zeolite H-ZSM-5 probed by quasi-elastic neutron scattering and classical molecular dynamics simulations. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220335. [PMID: 37691467 PMCID: PMC10493552 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Zeolite ZSM-5 is a key catalyst in commercially relevant processes including the widely studied methanol to hydrocarbon reaction, and molecular diffusion in zeolite pores is known to be a crucial factor in controlling catalytic reactions. Here, we present critical analyses of recent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) data and complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The QENS experiments show that the nature of methanol diffusion dynamics in ZSM-5 pores is dependent both on the Si/Al ratio (11, 25, 36, 40 and 140), which determines the Brønsted acid site density of the zeolite, and that the nature of the type of motion observed may vary qualitatively over a relatively small temperature range. At 373 K, on increasing the ratio from 11 to 140, the observed mobile methanol fraction increases and the nature of methanol dynamics changes from rotational (in ZSM-5 with Si/Al of 11) to translational diffusion. The latter is either confined localized diffusion within a pore in zeolites with ratios up to 40 or non-localized, longer-range diffusion in zeolite samples with the ratio of 140. The complementary MD simulations conducted over long time scales (1 ns), which are longer than those measured in the present study by QENS (≈1-440 ps), at 373 K predict the occurrence of long-range translational diffusion of methanol in ZSM-5, independent of the Si/Al ratios (15, 47, 95, 191 and siliceous MFI). The rate of diffusion increases slightly by increasing the ratio from 15 to 95 and thereafter does not depend on zeolite composition. Discrepancies in the observed mobile methanol fraction between the MD simulations (100% methanol mobility in ZSM-5 pores across all Si/Al ratios) and QENS experiments (for example, ≈80% immobile methanol in ZSM-5 with Si/Al of 11) are attributed to the differences in time resolutions of the techniques. This perspective provides comprehensive information on the effect of acid site density on methanol dynamics in ZSM-5 pores and highlights the complementarity of QENS and MD, and their advantages and limitations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh K. Matam
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Ian P. Silverwood
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Lotfi Boudjema
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexander J. O'Malley
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
- Institute for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - C. Richard A. Catlow
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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2
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Chen J, Mei Q, Chen Y, Marsh C, An B, Han X, Silverwood IP, Li M, Cheng Y, He M, Chen X, Li W, Kippax-Jones M, Crawshaw D, Frogley MD, Day SJ, García-Sakai V, Manuel P, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Yang S, Schröder M. Highly Efficient Proton Conduction in the Metal-Organic Framework Material MFM-300(Cr)·SO 4(H 3O) 2. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11969-11974. [PMID: 35775201 PMCID: PMC9348827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
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The development of
materials showing rapid proton conduction with
a low activation energy and stable performance over a wide temperature
range is an important and challenging line of research. Here, we report
confinement of sulfuric acid within porous MFM-300(Cr) to give MFM-300(Cr)·SO4(H3O)2, which exhibits a record-low
activation energy of 0.04 eV, resulting in stable proton conductivity
between 25 and 80 °C of >10–2 S cm–1. In situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (SXPD),
neutron powder diffraction (NPD), quasielastic neutron scattering
(QENS), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation reveal the pathways
of proton transport and the molecular mechanism of proton diffusion
within the pores. Confined sulfuric acid species together with adsorbed
water molecules play a critical role in promoting the proton transfer
through this robust network to afford a material in which proton conductivity
is almost temperature-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Qingqing Mei
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Yinlin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Bing An
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Silverwood
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Li
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Meng He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Weiyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Meredydd Kippax-Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Crawshaw
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Frogley
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Day
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria García-Sakai
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Manuel
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Anibal J Ramirez-Cuesta
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sihai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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3
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Skukauskas V, Silverwood IP, Gibson EK. Dynamics of water within Cu-loaded zeolites: A quasielastic neutron scattering study. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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4
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Jones E, Inns DR, Dann SE, Silverwood IP, Kondrat SA. Characterisation of ethylene adsorption on model skeletal cobalt catalysts by inelastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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Matam SK, Catlow CRA, Silverwood IP, O’Malley AJ. Methanol dynamics in H-ZSM-5 with Si/Al ratio of 25: a quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) study. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMethanol dynamics in zeolite H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al of 25) with a methanol loading of ~ 30 molecules per unit cell has been studied at 298, 323, 348 and 373 K by incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The elastic incoherent structure factor (EISF) reveals that the majority of methanol is immobile, in the range between 70 and 80%, depending on the measurement temperature. At 298 K, ≈ 20% methanol is mobile on the instrumental timescale, exhibiting isotropic rotational dynamics with a rotational diffusion coefficient (DR) of 4.75 × 1010 s−1. Upon increasing the measurement temperature from 298 to 323 K, the nature of the methanol dynamics changes from rotational to translational diffusion dynamics. Similar translational diffusion rates are measured at 348 and 373 K, though with a larger mobile fraction as temperature increases. The translational diffusion is characterised as jump diffusion confined to a sphere with a radius close to that of a ZSM-5 channel. The diffusion coefficients may be calculated using either the Volino–Dianoux (VD) model of diffusion confined to a sphere, or the Chudley–Elliot (CE) jump diffusion model. The VD model gives rise to a self-diffusion co-efficient (Ds) of methanol in the range of 7.8–8.4 × 10–10 m2 s−1. The CE model gives a Ds of around 1.2 (± 0.1) × 10–9 m2 s−1 with a jump distance of 2.8 (either + 0.15 or − 0.1) Å and a residence time (τ) of ~ 10.8 (either + 0.1 or − 0.2) ps. A correlation between the present and earlier studies that report methanol dynamics in H-ZSM-5 with Si/Al of 36 is made, suggesting that with increasing Si/Al ratio, the mobile fraction of methanol increases while DR decreases.
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Hawkins AP, Zachariou A, Parker SF, Collier P, Barrow N, Silverwood IP, Howe RF, Lennon D. Effect of steam de-alumination on the interactions of propene with H-ZSM-5 zeolites. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23136-23147. [PMID: 35520317 PMCID: PMC9054920 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03871g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Steam de-alumination is used to prepare a H-ZSM-5 material representative of industrial acid zeolite catalysts. Characterisation shows extensive loss of zeolite acidity but minimal loss of framework crystallinity in the treated material. The material's interaction with propene is probed by means of inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering, providing information on the reactivity and mobility of the propene respectively. These results are compared to those previously obtained for propene in the untreated zeolite. The steaming treatment resulted in decreased reactivity of the zeolite toward olefin oligomerization, higher temperatures for reaction initiation, and increased mobility of the propene in the zeolite at all temperatures. Analysis of the motions of the propene revealed by QENS shows the mobility to be comparable to those previously reported for propane in similar materials but occurring at slower velocities due to the greater rigidity and polarisation of the propene molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Hawkins
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Joseph Black Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK .,UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Oxon OX11 0FA UK
| | - Andrea Zachariou
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Joseph Black Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK .,UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Oxon OX11 0FA UK
| | - Stewart F Parker
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Joseph Black Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK .,UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Oxon OX11 0FA UK.,ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Oxon OX11 0QX UK
| | - Paul Collier
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Blounts Court, Sonning Common Reading RG4 9NH UK
| | - Nathan Barrow
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre Blounts Court, Sonning Common Reading RG4 9NH UK
| | - Ian P Silverwood
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Oxon OX11 0QX UK
| | - Russell F Howe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Joseph Black Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK .,UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Oxon OX11 0FA UK
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Hawkins A, Zachariou A, Parker SF, Collier P, Silverwood IP, Howe RF, Lennon D. Onset of Propene Oligomerization Reactivity in ZSM-5 Studied by Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy. ACS Omega 2020; 5:7762-7770. [PMID: 32309684 PMCID: PMC7160849 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The techniques of quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering (QENS and INS) are applied to investigate the oligomerization of propene over a ZSM-5 zeolite. Investigations are performed at low temperatures, allowing identification of the onset of the oligomerization reaction and observation of the low-energy spectral changes due to intermediate formation that are difficult to observe by optical methods. Oligomerization proceeds via formation of a hydrogen-bonded precursor by an interaction of the propene with an internal acid site followed by protonation and chain growth with protonation being the rate-limiting step. The use of quasi-elastic neutron scattering to observe changes in system mobility with temperature via the elastic window scan technique allows identification of the active temperature range where catalyst activity commences and permits targeting of the more time-consuming INS investigations to conditions of interest. From examination of the product's spectrum, the structure of the resulting oligomer is deduced to be primarily linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
P. Hawkins
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
- UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Andrea Zachariou
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
- UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0FA, U.K.
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Paul Collier
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Ian P. Silverwood
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Russell F. Howe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, U.K.
| | - David Lennon
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
- UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0FA, U.K.
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8
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Davidson AL, Webb PB, Silverwood IP, Lennon D. The Application of Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering to Investigate Hydrogen Diffusion in an Iron-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst. Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts evolve in situ on exposure to synthesis gas (CO & H2) forming a mixture of iron oxides, iron carbides and carbonaceous deposits. Recently, the application of inelastic neutron scattering has shown the progressive formation of a hydrocarbonaceous overlayer during this catalyst conditioning period. The evolving nature of the catalyst alters the proportion of phases present within the catalyst, which may influence the transport of hydrogen within the reaction system. Preliminary quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements are used to investigate hydrogen diffusion within an un-promoted iron FTS catalyst that has experienced varying levels of time-on-stream (0, 12 and 24 h) of ambient pressure CO hydrogenation at 623 K. Measurements on the catalyst samples in the absence of hydrogen show the unreacted sample (t = 0 h) to exhibit little increase in motion over the temperature range studied, whereas the t = 12 and 24 h samples exhibit a pronounced change in motion with temperature. The contrast is attributed to the presence of the afore-mentioned hydrocarbonaceous overlayer. Measurements on the samples in the presence of liquid hydrogen show hydrogen diffusional characteristics to be modified as a function of the catalyst conditioning process but, due to the complexity of the evolving catalyst matrix, the hydrogen motion cannot be attributed to a particular phase or component of the catalyst. Problems in the use of hydrogen as a probe molecule in this instance are briefly considered. Coincident neutron diffraction studies undertaken alongside the QENS measurements confirm the transition from hematite pre-catalyst to that of Hägg carbide during the course of extended times-on-stream.
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9
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Omojola T, Silverwood IP, O'Malley AJ. Molecular behaviour of methanol and dimethyl ether in H-ZSM-5 catalysts as a function of Si/Al ratio: a quasielastic neutron scattering study. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00670j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative differences are found in methanol and dimethyl ether mobility in H-ZSM-5 catalysts of varying Si/Al ratios (Brønsted acid site concentrations) using quasielastic neutron scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyin Omojola
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Ian P. Silverwood
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility
- Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Oxon OX11 0QX
- UK
| | - Alexander J. O'Malley
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
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10
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Dervin D, O'Malley AJ, Falkowska M, Chansai S, Silverwood IP, Hardacre C, Catlow CRA. Probing the dynamics and structure of confined benzene in MCM-41 based catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11485-11489. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combined MD simulations and QENS experiments on benzene in MCM-41 provide insight into the dynamics and structure of benzene
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dervin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
- UK Catalysis Hub
| | - A. J. O'Malley
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Claverton Down
- UK
| | - Marta Falkowska
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Sarayute Chansai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - Christopher Hardacre
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell OX11 0FA
- UK
| | - C. R. A. Catlow
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell OX11 0FA
- UK
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11
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Jones W, Wells PP, Gibson EK, Chutia A, Silverwood IP, Catlow CRA, Bowker M. Carbidisation of Pd Nanoparticles by Ethene Decomposition with Methane Production. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilm Jones
- UK Catalysis HubResearch Complex at Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA United Kingdom
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of ChemistryCardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
| | - Peter. P. Wells
- UK Catalysis HubResearch Complex at Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source LtdHarwell Science & Innovation Campus Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE United Kingdom
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom
| | - Emma K. Gibson
- UK Catalysis HubResearch Complex at Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom
| | - Arunabhiram Chutia
- UK Catalysis HubResearch Complex at Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry Brayford PoolUniversity of Lincoln Lincoln LN6 7TS United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Silverwood
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell Science and Innovation Campus Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom
| | - C. Richard A. Catlow
- UK Catalysis HubResearch Complex at Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA United Kingdom
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of ChemistryCardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bowker
- UK Catalysis HubResearch Complex at Harwell Oxfordshire OX11 0FA United Kingdom
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of ChemistryCardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AT United Kingdom
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12
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Silverwood IP. SAPO-34 Framework Contraction on Adsorption of Ammonia: A Neutron Scattering Study. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1747-1751. [PMID: 31070296 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neutron scattering data was recorded from SAPO-34 using the OSIRIS instrument before and after repeated ammonia adsorption at pressures up to 8 bar. Coherent scattering from the zeolite framework provides the neutron powder diffraction pattern and gave evidence for anisotropic contraction on ammonia dosing. Incoherent quasielastic scattering from the hydrogen of the ammonia showed that mobile ammonia was present in the framework. The quasielastic data was fitted to a model where the ammonia was confined within the chabazite cage in the c direction of the crystal lattice, with diffusion solely occurring through the perpendicular 8-membered rings. The calculated diffusion constant reached a maximum of 6.3×10-8 m2 s-1 at 5 bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Silverwood
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
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13
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Rought P, Marsh C, Pili S, Silverwood IP, Sakai VG, Li M, Brown MS, Argent SP, Vitorica-Yrezabal I, Whitehead G, Warren MR, Yang S, Schröder M. Modulating proton diffusion and conductivity in metal-organic frameworks by incorporation of accessible free carboxylic acid groups. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1492-1499. [PMID: 30809366 PMCID: PMC6354967 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three multi-carboxylic acid functionalised ligands have been designed, synthesised and utilised to prepare the new barium-based MOFs, MFM-510, -511, and -512, which show excellent stability to water-vapour. MFM-510 and MFM-511 show moderate proton conductivities (2.1 × 10-5 and 5.1 × 10-5 S cm-1, respectively) at 99% RH and 298 K, attributed to the lack of free protons or hindered proton diffusion within the framework structures. In contrast, MFM-512, which incorporates a pendant carboxylic acid group directed into the pore of the framework, shows a two orders of magnitude enhancement in proton conductivity (2.9 × 10-3 S cm-1). Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) suggests that the proton dynamics of MFM-512 are mediated by "free diffusion inside a sphere" confirming that incorporation of free carboxylic acid groups within the pores of MOFs is an efficient albeit synthetically challenging strategy to improve proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rought
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Christopher Marsh
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Simona Pili
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Ian P Silverwood
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Oxfordshire OX11 0QX , UK
| | - Victoria García Sakai
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Oxfordshire OX11 0QX , UK
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , UK
| | - Martyn S Brown
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK
| | | | - George Whitehead
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Mark R Warren
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , UK
| | - Sihai Yang
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ;
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ;
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14
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Hernandez-Tamargo C, O'Malley A, Silverwood IP, de Leeuw NH. Molecular behaviour of phenol in zeolite Beta catalysts as a function of acid site presence: a quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation study. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic behaviour of phenol in zeolite Beta is strongly influenced by the presence of Brønsted acid sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander O'Malley
- The Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies (CSCT)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Ian P. Silverwood
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility
- Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- UK
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15
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O'Malley AJ, Sarwar M, Armstrong J, Catlow CRA, Silverwood IP, York APE, Hitchcock I. Comparing ammonia diffusion in NH 3-SCR zeolite catalysts: a quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11976-11986. [PMID: 29670963 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of ammonia in the small pore zeolite and potential commercial NH3-SCR catalyst levynite (LEV) was measured and compared with its mobility in the chabazite (CHA) topology (more established in NOx abatement catalysis), using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at 273, 323 and 373 K. The QENS experiments suggest that mobility in LEV is dominated by jump diffusion through the 8-ring windows between cages (as previously observed in CHA) which takes place at very similar rates in the two zeolites, yielding similar experimental self-diffusion coefficients (Ds). After confirming that the same characteristic motions are observed between the MD simulations and the QENS experiments on the picosecond scale, the simulations suggest that on the nanoscale, the diffusivity is higher by a factor of ∼2 in the CHA framework than in LEV. This difference between zeolites is primarily explained by the CHA cages having six 8-ring windows in the building unit, compared to only three such windows in the LEV cage building unit, thereby doubling the geometric opportunities to perform jump diffusion between cages (as characterised by the QENS experiments) leading to the corresponding increase in the MD calculated Ds. The techniques illustrate the importance of probing both pico- and nanoscale dynamics when studying intracrystalline diffusion in both NH3-SCR catalyst design, and in porous materials generally, where notable consistencies and differences may be found on either scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J O'Malley
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK. and UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK
| | - M Sarwar
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK.
| | - J Armstrong
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - C R A Catlow
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK. and UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK and University College London, Department of Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Third Floor, Kathleen Lonsdale Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - I P Silverwood
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK and ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - A P E York
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK.
| | - I Hitchcock
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK.
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16
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O'Malley AJ, Hitchcock I, Sarwar M, Silverwood IP, Hindocha S, Catlow CRA, York APE, Collier PJ. Ammonia mobility in chabazite: insight into the diffusion component of the NH3-SCR process. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:17159-68. [PMID: 27306298 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of ammonia in commercial NH3-SCR catalyst Cu-CHA was measured and compared with H-CHA using quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess the effect of counterion presence on NH3 mobility in automotive emission control relevant zeolite catalysts. QENS experiments observed jump diffusion with a jump distance of 3 Å, giving similar self-diffusion coefficient measurements for both Cu- and H-CHA samples, in the range of ca. 5-10 × 10(-10) m(2) s(-1) over the measured temperature range. Self-diffusivities calculated by MD were within a factor of 6 of those measured experimentally at each temperature. The activation energies of diffusion were also similar for both studied systems: 3.7 and 4.4 kJ mol(-1) for the H- and Cu-chabazite respectively, suggesting that counterion presence has little impact on ammonia diffusivity on the timescale of the QENS experiment. An explanation is given by the MD simulations, which showed the strong coordination of NH3 with Cu(2+) counterions in the centre of the chabazite cage, shielding other molecules from interaction with the ion, and allowing for intercage diffusion through the 8-ring windows (consistent with the experimentally observed jump length) to carry on unhindered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J O'Malley
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Third Floor, Kathleen Lonsdale Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. a.o' and UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Iain Hitchcock
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK.
| | - Misbah Sarwar
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK.
| | - Ian P Silverwood
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sheena Hindocha
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK.
| | - C Richard A Catlow
- University College London, Department of Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Third Floor, Kathleen Lonsdale Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. a.o' and UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Andrew P E York
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK.
| | - P J Collier
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK and Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK.
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17
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Brookes C, Bowker M, Gibson EK, Gianolio D, Mohammed KMH, Parry S, Rogers SM, Silverwood IP, Wells PP. Correction: In situ spectroscopic investigations of MoO x/Fe 2O 3 catalysts for the selective oxidation of methanol. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy90033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for ‘In situ spectroscopic investigations of MoOx/Fe2O3 catalysts for the selective oxidation of methanol’ by Catherine Brookes et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2016, 6, 722–730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Brookes
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Michael Bowker
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Emma K. Gibson
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | | | - Stephen Parry
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Scott M. Rogers
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Ian P. Silverwood
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Peter P. Wells
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
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18
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Potter ME, O’Malley AJ, Chapman S, Kezina J, Newland SH, Silverwood IP, Mukhopadhyay S, Carravetta M, Mezza TM, Parker SF, Catlow CRA, Raja R. Understanding the Role of Molecular Diffusion and Catalytic Selectivity in Liquid-Phase Beckmann Rearrangement. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Potter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Alexander J. O’Malley
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Stephanie Chapman
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Julija Kezina
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
- Analytical
Sciences and Development, GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Stephanie H. Newland
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Ian P. Silverwood
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Sanghamitra Mukhopadhyay
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Marina Carravetta
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Thomas M. Mezza
- UOP LLC, A Honeywell Company, 25 East Algonquin Road, Des Plaines, Illinois 60017, United States
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - C. Richard A. Catlow
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Robert Raja
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities
Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0QX, U.K
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19
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Potter ME, Aswegen SV, Gibson EK, Silverwood IP, Raja R. Spectroscopic investigation into the design of solid-acid catalysts for the low temperature dehydration of ethanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17303-10. [PMID: 27264938 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01209d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increased demand for bulk hydrocarbons necessitates research into increasingly sustainable, energy-efficient catalytic processes. Owing to intricately designed structure-property correlations, SAPO-34 has become established as a promising material for the low temperature ethanol dehydration to produce ethylene. However, further optimization of this process requires a precise knowledge of the reaction mechanism at a molecular level. In order to achieve this a range of spectroscopic characterization techniques are required to probe both the interaction with the active site, and also the wider role of the framework. To this end we employ a combination of in situ infra-red and neutron scattering techniques to elucidate the influence of the surface ethoxy species in the activation of both diethyl ether and ethanol, towards the improved formation of ethylene at low temperatures. The combined conclusions of these studies is that the formation of ethylene is the rate determining step, which is of fundamental importance towards the development of this process and the introduction of bio-ethanol as a viable feedstock for ethylene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Potter
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
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20
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Abstract
The adsorption of methanol on haematite has been investigated using temperature programmed methods, combined with in situ DRIFTS. Model catalysts based on this material have then been made with a shell-core configuration of molybdenum oxide monolayers on top of the haematite core. These are used as models of industrial iron molybdate catalysts, used to selectively oxidise methanol to formaldehyde, one of the major chemical outlets for methanol. Haematite itself is completely ineffective in this respect since it oxidises it to CO2 and the DRIFTS shows that this occurs by oxidation of methoxy to formate at around 200 °C. The decomposition behaviour is affected by the absence or presence of oxygen in the gas phase; oxygen destabilises the methoxy and enhances formate production. In contrast, when a monolayer of molybdena is placed onto the surface by incipient wetness, and it remains there after calcination, the pathway to formate production is blocked and formaldehyde is the main gas phase product in TPD after methanol dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bowker
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell (RCaH), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK. and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - E K Gibson
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell (RCaH), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK. and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - I P Silverwood
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell (RCaH), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK. and ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - C Brookes
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell (RCaH), Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxon, OX11 0FA, UK. and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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21
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McFarlane AR, Geller H, Silverwood IP, Cooper RI, Watkin DJ, Parker SF, Winfield JM, Lennon D. The application of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the interaction of methyl propanoate with silica. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17210-6. [PMID: 27182815 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A modern industrial route for the manufacture of methyl methacrylate involves the reaction of methyl propanoate and formaldehyde over a silica-supported Cs catalyst. Although the process has been successfully commercialised, little is known about the surface interactions responsible for the forward chemistry. This work concentrates upon the interaction of methyl propanoate over a representative silica. A combination of infrared spectroscopy, inelastic neutron scattering, DFT calculations, X-ray diffraction and temperature-programmed desorption is used to deduce how the ester interacts with the silica surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R McFarlane
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Hannah Geller
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Ian P Silverwood
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Richard I Cooper
- Chemical Crystallography, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - David J Watkin
- Chemical Crystallography, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - John M Winfield
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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22
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Abstract
The interaction of formic acid with RaneyTM Cu proves to be complex. Rather than the expected generation of a monolayer of bidentate formate, we find the formation of a Cu(II) compound. This process occurs by direct reaction of copper and formic acid; in contrast, previous methods are by solution reaction. This is a rare example of formic acid acting as an oxidant rather than, as more commonly found, a reductant. The combination of diffraction, spectroscopic and computational methods has allowed this unexpected process to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K Callear
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Ian P Silverwood
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK; Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Catalysis Hub, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Arunabhiram Chutia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK; Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Catalysis Hub, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - C Richard A Catlow
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK; Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Catalysis Hub, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK; Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK; Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK Catalysis Hub, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
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23
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Pili S, Argent SP, Morris CG, Rought P, García-Sakai V, Silverwood IP, Easun TL, Li M, Warren MR, Murray CA, Tang CC, Yang S, Schröder M. Proton Conduction in a Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Mediated by Intrinsic "Free Diffusion inside a Sphere". J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6352-5. [PMID: 27182787 PMCID: PMC4882730 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Understanding the molecular mechanism
of proton conduction is crucial
for the design of new materials with improved conductivity. Quasi-elastic
neutron scattering (QENS) has been used to probe the mechanism of
proton diffusion within a new phosphonate-based metal–organic
framework (MOF) material, MFM-500(Ni). QENS suggests that the proton
conductivity (4.5 × 10–4 S/cm at 98% relative
humidity and 25 °C) of MFM-500(Ni) is mediated by intrinsic “free
diffusion inside a sphere”, representing the first example
of such a mechanism observed in MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pili
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Christopher G Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.,Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Peter Rought
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Victoria García-Sakai
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Ian P Silverwood
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Timothy L Easun
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University , Cardiff CF10 3XQ, U.K
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Mark R Warren
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Claire A Murray
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Sihai Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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24
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Silverwood IP, Rogers SM, Callear SK, Parker SF, Catlow CRA. Correction: Evidence for a surface gold hydride on a nanostructured gold catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2412. [PMID: 26790129 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc90049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'Evidence for a surface gold hydride on a nanostructured gold catalyst' by I. P. Silverwood et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 533-536.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Silverwood
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK and ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - S M Rogers
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - S K Callear
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - S F Parker
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK and ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - C R A Catlow
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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25
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Silverwood IP, Al-Rifai N, Cao E, Nelson DJ, Chutia A, Wells PP, Nolan SP, Frogley MD, Cinque G, Gavriilidis A, Catlow CRA. Towards microfluidic reactors for in situ synchrotron infrared studies. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:024101. [PMID: 26931867 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anodically bonded etched silicon microfluidic devices that allow infrared spectroscopic measurement of solutions are reported. These extend spatially well-resolved in situ infrared measurement to higher temperatures and pressures than previously reported, making them useful for effectively time-resolved measurement of realistic catalytic processes. A data processing technique necessary for the mitigation of interference fringes caused by multiple reflections of the probe beam is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Silverwood
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - N Al-Rifai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - E Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Nelson
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - A Chutia
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - P P Wells
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - S P Nolan
- EaSTCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - M D Frogley
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - G Cinque
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0DE Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - A Gavriilidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - C R A Catlow
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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26
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Parker SF, Silverwood IP, Hamilton NG, Lennon D. Structural and spectroscopic characterisation of C4 oxygenates relevant to structure/activity relationships of the hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 153:289-297. [PMID: 26318704 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we have investigated the conformational isomerism and calculated the vibrational spectra of the C4 oxygenates: 3-butyne-2-one, 3-butene-2-one, 2-butanone and 2-butanol using density functional theory. The calculations are validated by comparison to structural data where available and new, experimental inelastic neutron scattering and infrared spectra of the compounds. We find that for 3-butene-2-one and 2-butanol the spectra show clear evidence for the presence of conformational isomerism and this is supported by the calculations. Complete vibrational assignments for all four molecules are provided and this provides the essential information needed to generate structure/activity relationships for the sequential catalytic hydrogenation of 3-butyne-2-one to 2-butanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, UK.
| | - Ian P Silverwood
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil G Hamilton
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - David Lennon
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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27
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O'Malley AJ, Parker SF, Chutia A, Farrow MR, Silverwood IP, García-Sakai V, Catlow CRA. Room temperature methoxylation in zeolites: insight into a key step of the methanol-to-hydrocarbons process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:2897-900. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08956e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutron scattering methods studying mobility and vibrational spectra observed complete room temperature methoxylation in a commercial sample of methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) catalyst H-ZSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- The UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxfordshire
- UK
| | - Arunabhiram Chutia
- The UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxfordshire
- UK
| | - Matthew R. Farrow
- Department of Chemistry
- Materials Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
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28
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Abstract
This themed collection focuses on the use of neutron scattering to interrogate catalysts and materials used in energy storage. Neutrons are a powerful and unique probe that allow characterisation of these experimentally challenging systems in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Silverwood
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - C. Richard A. Catlow
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
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29
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Brookes C, Bowker M, Gibson EK, Gianolio D, Mohammed KMH, Parry S, Rogers SM, Silverwood IP, Wells PP. In situ spectroscopic investigations of MoOx/Fe2O3 catalysts for the selective oxidation of methanol. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methoxy adsorbed on MoOx/Fe2O3 surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Brookes
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Michael Bowker
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Emma K. Gibson
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | | | - Stephen Parry
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Scott M. Rogers
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Ian P. Silverwood
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
| | - Peter P. Wells
- UK Catalysis Hub
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell
- UK
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30
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O'Malley AJ, García Sakai V, Silverwood IP, Dimitratos N, Parker SF, Catlow CRA. Methanol diffusion in zeolite HY: a combined quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17294-302. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diffusion of methanol in zeolite HY is studied using tandem quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at 300–400 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian P. Silverwood
- ISIS Facility
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Chilton
- Oxfordshire
- UK
| | | | - Stewart F. Parker
- The UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxfordshire
- UK
- ISIS Facility
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31
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Hojniak SD, Silverwood IP, Khan AL, Vankelecom IFJ, Dehaen W, Kazarian SG, Binnemans K. Highly Selective Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Nitrogen and Methane by Nitrile/Glycol-Difunctionalized Ionic Liquids in Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs). J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:7440-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D. Hojniak
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ian P. Silverwood
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ivo F. J. Vankelecom
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg
23, P.O. Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Woodward RT, Stevens LA, Dawson R, Vijayaraghavan M, Hasell T, Silverwood IP, Ewing AV, Ratvijitvech T, Exley JD, Chong SY, Blanc F, Adams DJ, Kazarian SG, Snape CE, Drage TC, Cooper AI. Swellable, Water- and Acid-Tolerant Polymer Sponges for Chemoselective Carbon Dioxide Capture. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9028-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5031968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee A. Stevens
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ian P. Silverwood
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Ewing
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jason D. Exley
- Micromeritics
Instrument Corporation, 4356 Communications Drive, Norcross, Georgia 30093, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin E. Snape
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor C. Drage
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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33
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Hamilton NG, Warringham R, Silverwood IP, Kapitán J, Hecht L, Webb PB, Tooze RP, Zhou W, Frost CD, Parker SF, Lennon D. The application of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate CO hydrogenation over an iron Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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34
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Silverwood IP, Keyworth CW, Brown NJ, Shaffer MSP, Williams CK, Hellgardt K, Kelsall GH, Kazarian SG. An attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopic study of gas adsorption on colloidal stearate-capped ZnO catalyst substrate. Appl Spectrosc 2014; 68:88-94. [PMID: 24405958 DOI: 10.1366/13-07174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy has been applied in situ to study gas adsorption on a colloidal stearate-capped zinc oxide (ZnO) surface. Infrared spectra of a colloidal stearate-capped ZnO catalyst substrate were assigned at room temperature using zinc stearate as a reference compound. Heating was shown to create a monodentate species that allowed conformational change to occur, leading to altered binding geometry of the stearate ligands upon cooling. CO2 and H2 adsorption measurements demonstrated that the ligand shell was permeable and did not cover the entire surface, allowing adsorption and reaction with at least some portion of the ZnO surface. It has been demonstrated that stearate ligands did not prevent the usual chemisorption processes involved in catalytic reactions on a model ZnO catalyst system, yet the ligand-support system is dynamic under representative reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Silverwood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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35
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McFarlane AR, Silverwood IP, Norris EL, Ormerod RM, Frost CD, Parker SF, Lennon D. The application of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the steam reforming of methane over an alumina-supported nickel catalyst. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Hamilton NG, Silverwood IP, Warringham R, Kapitán J, Hecht L, Webb PB, Tooze RP, Parker SF, Lennon D. Vibrational Analysis of an Industrial Fe-Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Employing Inelastic Neutron Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5608-11. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Hamilton NG, Silverwood IP, Warringham R, Kapitán J, Hecht L, Webb PB, Tooze RP, Parker SF, Lennon D. Vibrational Analysis of an Industrial Fe-Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst Employing Inelastic Neutron Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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McFarlane AR, Silverwood IP, Warringham R, Norris EL, Ormerod RM, Frost CD, Parker SF, Lennon D. The application of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the ‘dry’ reforming of methane over an alumina-supported nickel catalyst operating under conditions where filamentous carbon formation is prevalent. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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39
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Silverwood IP, Hamilton NG, McFarlane AR, Kapitán J, Hecht L, Norris EL, Mark Ormerod R, Frost CD, Parker SF, Lennon D. Application of inelastic neutron scattering to studies of CO2 reforming of methane over alumina-supported nickel and gold-doped nickel catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:15214-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Silverwood IP, Hamilton NG, McFarlane A, Ormerod RM, Guidi T, Bones J, Dudman MP, Goodway CM, Kibble M, Parker SF, Lennon D. Experimental arrangements suitable for the acquisition of inelastic neutron scattering spectra of heterogeneous catalysts. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:034101. [PMID: 21456765 DOI: 10.1063/1.3553295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is increasingly being used for the characterization of heterogeneous catalysts. As the technique is uniquely sensitive to hydrogen atoms, vibrational spectra can be obtained that emphasize a hydrogenous component or hydrogen-containing moieties adsorbed on to an inorganic support. However, due to sensitivity constraints, the technique typically requires large sample masses (∼10 g catalyst). A reaction system is hereby described that enables suitable quantities of heterogeneous catalysts to be appropriately activated and operated under steady-state conditions for extended periods of time prior to acquisition of the INS spectrum. In addition to ex situ studies, a cell is described which negates the need for a sample transfer stage between reaction testing and INS measurement. This cell can operate up to temperatures of 823 K and pressures up to 20 bar. The apparatus is also amenable to adsorption experiments at the gas-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Silverwood
- Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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41
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Silverwood IP, Hamilton NG, Laycock CJ, Staniforth JZ, Ormerod RM, Frost CD, Parker SF, Lennon D. Quantification of surface species present on a nickel/alumina methane reforming catalyst. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3102-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b919977b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Silverwood IP, McDougall GS, Gavin Whittaker A. A microwave-heated infrared reaction cell for the in situ study of heterogeneous catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:5412-6. [PMID: 17119648 DOI: 10.1039/b610832f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transmission infrared microreactor cell which holds a pressed disc in a controlled atmosphere and allows microwave and conventional heating up to 423 K is demonstrated using the oxidation of carbon monoxide over the standard catalyst EUROPT-1. Optical characteristics are determined by the choice of CaF2 as the window material, allowing transmission from 77,000-1000 cm(-1). An oscillating microwave power regime with a peak height of 200 W is used and time-resolved infrared spectra and mass spectrometry show oscillations in the reaction which correspond to the microwave heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Silverwood
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, Scotland
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