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Miotla-Zarebska J, Parisi I, Batchelor V, Vincent TL, Potter PK. Modeling and Assessing Osteoarthritis in Mice by Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus (DMM). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2598:357-373. [PMID: 36355305 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2839-3_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe an induced model of osteoarthritis in mice, frequently employed in the study of this disease. We outline in detail the surgical induction of disease and preparation of samples for histological assessment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ida Parisi
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicky Batchelor
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul K Potter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
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Coveney CR, Samvelyan HJ, Miotla-Zarebska J, Carnegie J, Chang E, Corrin CJ, Coveney T, Stott B, Parisi I, Duarte C, Vincent TL, Staines KA, Wann AK. Ciliary IFT88 Protects Coordinated Adolescent Growth Plate Ossification From Disruptive Physiological Mechanical Forces. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1081-1096. [PMID: 35038201 PMCID: PMC9304194 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared with our understanding of endochondral ossification, much less is known about the coordinated arrest of growth defined by the narrowing and fusion of the cartilaginous growth plate. Throughout the musculoskeletal system, appropriate cell and tissue responses to mechanical force delineate morphogenesis and ensure lifelong health. It remains unclear how mechanical cues are integrated into many biological programs, including those coordinating the ossification of the adolescent growth plate at the cessation of growth. Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles tuning a range of cell activities, including signaling cascades activated or modulated by extracellular biophysical cues. Cilia have been proposed to directly facilitate cell mechanotransduction. To explore the influence of primary cilia in the mouse adolescent limb, we conditionally targeted the ciliary gene Intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88fl/fl ) in the juvenile and adolescent skeleton using a cartilage-specific, inducible Cre (AggrecanCreERT2 Ift88fl/fl ). Deletion of IFT88 in cartilage, which reduced ciliation in the growth plate, disrupted chondrocyte differentiation, cartilage resorption, and mineralization. These effects were largely restricted to peripheral tibial regions beneath the load-bearing compartments of the knee. These regions were typified by an enlarged population of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Although normal patterns of hedgehog signaling were maintained, targeting IFT88 inhibited hypertrophic chondrocyte VEGF expression and downstream vascular recruitment, osteoclastic activity, and the replacement of cartilage with bone. In control mice, increases to physiological loading also impair ossification in the peripheral growth plate, mimicking the effects of IFT88 deletion. Limb immobilization inhibited changes to VEGF expression and epiphyseal morphology in Ift88cKO mice, indicating the effects of depletion of IFT88 in the adolescent growth plate are mechano-dependent. We propose that during this pivotal phase in adolescent skeletal maturation, ciliary IFT88 protects uniform, coordinated ossification of the growth plate from an otherwise disruptive heterogeneity of physiological mechanical forces. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa R Coveney
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hasmik J Samvelyan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Josephine Carnegie
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emer Chang
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Jonty Corrin
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Trystan Coveney
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bryony Stott
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ida Parisi
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Duarte
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Staines
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Angus Kt Wann
- Centre for OA Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Coveney CR, Zhu L, Miotla-Zarebska J, Stott B, Parisi I, Batchelor V, Duarte C, Chang E, McSorley E, Vincent TL, Wann AK. The ciliary protein IFT88 controls post-natal cartilage thickness and influences development of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:49-59. [PMID: 34105311 DOI: 10.1002/art.41894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical and biological cues drive cellular signalling in cartilage development, health, and disease. Proteins of the primary cilium, implicated in transduction of biophysiochemical signals, control cartilage formation during skeletal development, but their influence in post-natal cartilage remains unknown. METHODS Ift88fl/fl and AggrecanCreERT2 mice were crossed to create a cartilage-specific, inducible knockout mouse AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl . Tibial articular cartilage (AC) thickness was assessed, through adolescence and adulthood, by histomorphometry and integrity by OARSI score. In situ mechanisms were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA scope and qPCR of micro-dissected cartilage. OA was induced by surgical destabilisation (DMM). Mice voluntarily exercised using wheels. RESULTS Deletion of IFT88 resulted in progressive reductions in medial AC thickness during adolescence, and marked atrophy in adulthood. At 34 weeks of age, medial thickness was reduced from 104.00μm, [100.30-110.50, 95% CI] in Ift88fl/fl to 89.42μm [84.00-93.49, 95% CI] in AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl (p<0.0001), associated with reductions in calcified cartilage. Occasionally, atrophy was associated with complete, spontaneous, medial cartilage degradation. Following DMM, AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl mice had increased OA scores. Atrophy in mature AC was not associated with obvious increases in aggrecanase-mediated destruction or chondrocyte hypertrophy. Of 44 candidate genes analysed, only Tcf7l2 correlated with Ift88 expression in micro-dissected cartilage. However, RNA scope revealed increased hedgehog (Hh) signalling (Gli1), associated with reductions in Ift88, in AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl cartilage. Wheel exercise restored both AC thickness and levels of Hh signalling in AggrecanCreERT2 ;Ift88fl/fl . CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that IFT88 is chondroprotective, regulating AC thickness, potentially by thresholding a Hh response to physiological loading that controls cartilage calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa R Coveney
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Linyi Zhu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jadwiga Miotla-Zarebska
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Bryony Stott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ida Parisi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Vicky Batchelor
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Claudia Duarte
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Emer Chang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Eleanor McSorley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Angus Kt Wann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Zhu L, Donhou S, Burleigh A, Miotla Zarebska J, Curtinha M, Parisi I, Khan SN, Dell'Accio F, Chanalaris A, Vincent TL. TSG-6 Is Weakly Chondroprotective in Murine OA but Does not Account for FGF2-Mediated Joint Protection. ACR Open Rheumatol 2020; 2:605-615. [PMID: 33029956 PMCID: PMC7571392 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) is an anti-inflammatory protein highly expressed in osteoarthritis (OA), but its influence on the course of OA is unknown. METHODS Cartilage injury was assessed by murine hip avulsion or by recutting rested explants. Forty-two previously validated injury genes were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction in whole joints following destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) (6 hours and 7 days). Joint pathology was assessed at 8 and 12 weeks following DMM in 10-week-old male and female fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-/- , TSG-6-/- , TSG-6tg (overexpressing), FGF2-/- ;TSG-6tg (8 weeks only) mice, as well as strain-matched, wild-type controls. In vivo cartilage repair was assessed 8 weeks following focal cartilage injury in TSG-6tg and control mice. FGF2 release following cartilage injury was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS TSG-6 messenger RNA upregulation was strongly FGF2-dependent upon injury in vitro and in vivo. Fifteeen inflammatory genes were significantly increased in TSG-6-/- joints, including IL1α, Ccl2, and Adamts5 compared with wild type. Six genes were significantly suppressed in TSG-6-/- joints including Timp1, Inhibin βA, and podoplanin (known FGF2 target genes). FGF2 release upon cartilage injury was not influenced by levels of TSG-6. Cartilage degradation was significantly increased at 12 weeks post-DMM in male TSG-6-/- mice, with a nonsignificant 30% reduction in disease seen in TSG-6tg mice. No differences were observed in cartilage repair between genotypes. TSG-6 overexpression was unable to prevent accelerated OA in FGF2-/- mice. CONCLUSION TSG-6 influences early gene regulation in the destabilized joint and exerts a modest late chondroprotective effect. Although strongly FGF2 dependent, TSG-6 does not explain the strong chondroprotective effect of FGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Shannah Donhou
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Annika Burleigh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jadwiga Miotla Zarebska
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Marcia Curtinha
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ida Parisi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Sumayya Nafisa Khan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Anastasios Chanalaris
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, UK
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Wilding M, Terribile M, Parisi I, Nargund G. Thaw, biopsy and refreeze strategy for PGT-A on previously cryopreserved embryos. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2019; 11:223-227. [PMID: 32082528 PMCID: PMC7020945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) with Next Generation Sequencing technology is a low-cost and powerful technology for the analysis of embryo quality. However, PGT-A requires freezing of embryos, suggesting that previously cryopreserved embryos cannot be tested. Here, we test whether use of the vitrification technique permits the refreezing of embryos, thus permitting PGT-A testing of cryopreserved embryos. METHODS The results are a retrospective analysis of cases performed at Create fertility between 2016 and 2017. Results obtained after traditional PGT-A are compared with results after the thaw biopsy and refreeze (TBR) procedure. A total of 220 patients were treated with PGT-A and 54 patients with the TBR procedure. RESULTS Maternal ages were not significantly different between the groups. The proportion of PGT-A normal embryos was not significantly different between the two groups. A clinical pregnancy rate of 61.5% was achieved with the PGT-A group and 52.4% with the TBR group. These results were not statistically significant. The efficiency of the thaw, biopsy and refreeze technique was not significantly different to that of fresh cycles for rates of survival, results obtained and aneuploidy incidence. Clinical pregnancy rates are not significantly different after the biopsy of fresh and previously cryopreserved embryos. CONCLUSION The data shows that the TBR procedure has an equivalent success rate to that of classical PGT-A procedures.
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von Loga IS, El-Turabi A, Jostins L, Miotla-Zarebska J, Mackay-Alderson J, Zeltins A, Parisi I, Bachmann MF, Vincent TL. Active immunisation targeting nerve growth factor attenuates chronic pain behaviour in murine osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:672-675. [PMID: 30862648 PMCID: PMC6517802 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nerve growth factor (NGF) has emerged as a key driver of pain in osteoarthritis (OA) and antibodies to NGF are potent analgesics in human disease. Here, we validate a novel vaccine strategy to generate anti-NGF antibodies for reversal of pain behaviour in a surgical model of OA. METHODS Virus-like particles were derived from the cucumber mosaic virus (CuMV) and coupled to expressed recombinant NGF to create the vaccine. 10-week-old male mice underwent partial meniscectomy to induce OA or sham-surgery. Spontaneous pain behaviour was measured by Linton incapacitance and OA severity was quantified using OARSI histological scoring. Mice (experimental and a sentinel cohort) were inoculated with CuMVttNGF (Vax) or CuMVttctrl (Mock) either before surgery or once pain was established. Efficacy of anti-NGF from the plasma of sentinel vaccinated mice was measured in vitro using a neurite outgrowth assay in PC12 cells. RESULTS Anti-NGF titres were readily detectable in the vaccinated but not mock vaccinated mice. Regular boosting with fresh vaccine was required to maintain anti-NGF titres as measured in the sentinel cohort. Both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination demonstrated a reversal of pain behaviour by incapacitance testing, and a meta-analysis of the two studies showing analgesia at peak anti-NGF titres was highly statistically significant. Serum anti-NGF was able to inhibit neurite outgrowth equivalent to around 150 ug/mL of recombinant monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates therapeutic efficacy of a novel NGF vaccine strategy that reversibly alleviates spontaneous pain behaviour in surgically induced murine OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aadil El-Turabi
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Luke Jostins
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Andris Zeltins
- Molecular Microbiology and Virology, Latvian Biomedical Research & Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ida Parisi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK .,RIA, Immunology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Blease A, Das Neves Borges P, Curtinha M, Javaheri B, von Loga IS, Parisi I, Zarebska J, Pitsillides A, Vincent TL, Potter PK. Studying Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 8:e50. [PMID: 30240153 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing availability and complexity of mouse models of disease, either spontaneous or induced, there is a concomitant increase in their use in the analysis of pathogenesis. Among such diseases is osteoarthritis, a debilitating disease with few treatment options. While advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis has advanced through clinical investigations and genome-wide association studies, there is still a large gap in our knowledge, hindering advances in therapy. Patient samples are available ex vivo, but these are generally in the very late stages of disease. However, with mice, we are able to induce disease at a defined time and track the progression in vivo and ex vivo, from inception to end stage, to delineate the processes involved in disease development. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Blease
- Disease Model Discovery, Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Das Neves Borges
- Institute of Physiology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcia Curtinha
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell S von Loga
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Parisi
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jadwiga Zarebska
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul K Potter
- Disease Model Discovery, Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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Pin M, Vanini B, Sciortino A, Grazioli V, Merli V, Celentano A, Parisi I, Klersy C, Silvaggio G, Monterosso C, Salati M, Pellegrini C, Cattadori B, D'Armini A. Pulmonary Endarterectomy: Relationship Between Total Reopened Branches and Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Parisi I. Surrogacy world's perspective – A review. Acta Med Int 2015. [DOI: 10.5530/ami.2015.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Dorà N, Ou J, Kucerova R, Parisi I, West JD, Collinson JM. PAX6 dosage effects on corneal development, growth, and wound healing. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:1295-306. [PMID: 18386822 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The requirement for correct dosage of the transcription factor Pax6 during corneal growth and development was investigated using the Pax6-overexpressing (PAX77) transgenic mouse. Transgenics had a microcornea phenotype due to failure of postnatal growth, associated with reduction in the number of cells layers in the corneal epithelium. Cell cycle progression was monitored using bromodeoxyuridine, p63, cyclin E, and phosphohistone-3 labeling: proliferation rates were higher in PAX77+ than wild-type, without a concomitant increase in apoptosis. Hence, failure of proliferation did not underlie microcornea. PAX77+ corneal epithelia had reduced levels of cytokeratin-12, and exhibited severe wound healing delay that, in contrast to Pax6+/- mice, could not be modulated by exogenous growth factors. PAX77+ lenses showed partial failure of lens fiber differentiation. The data demonstrate that anterior eye development is very sensitive to Pax6 dosage. Although there are similarities between the eye phenotype of Pax6 heterozygotes and overexpressing mice, there are also striking differences. Developmental
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Dorà
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Rossi M, D'Armiento M, Parisi I, Ferrari P, Hall CM, Cervasio M, Rivasi F, Balli F, Vecchione R, Corso G, Andria G, Parenti G. Clinical phenotype of lathosterolosis. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:2371-81. [PMID: 17853487 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lathosterolosis (LS) is a defect of cholesterol biosynthesis due to the deficiency of the enzyme sterol-C5-desaturase. Only two patients have been described to date, both presenting with multiple malformations, mental retardation, and liver involvement. In addition in one of them pathological examination revealed mucolipidosis-like inclusions on optic microscopy analysis, and peculiar lysosomal lamellar bodies on electron microscopy analysis. This study is focused on a better characterization of the clinical phenotype of LS. We describe a further case in a fetus, sibling of the first patient reported, presenting with neural tube defect, craniofacial and limb anomalies, and prenatal liver involvement. The fetal phenotype suggests the possible occurrence of significant intrafamilial variability in LS, and expands the phenotypic spectrum of the disease. Histological examination of autopsy samples from the fetus and skin fibroblasts from the living sibling suggested that the mucolipidosis-like picture previously reported is not a constant feature of LS, being possibly associated with the most severe biochemical defects, but confirmed the ultrastructural finding of lamellar inclusions. The LS phenotype appears to be characterized by the distinctive association of a recognizable pattern of congenital anomalies, involving axial and appendicular skeleton, liver, central nervous and urogenital systems, and lysosomal storage. This condition partially overlaps with other defects of sterol metabolism, suggesting intriguing pathogenic links among these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Rossi
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, and Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
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Garnier A, Dauger S, Eurin D, Parisi I, Parenti G, Garel C, Delbecque K, Baumann C. Brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata with severe spinal cord compression: report of four new cases. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166:327-31. [PMID: 16937129 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-006-0239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Brachytelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX1, OMIM: #302950) is a rare congenital skeletal dysplasia caused by arylsulfatase E deficiency (OMIM: #300180). Although the symptoms are usually mild, severe spinal cord compression by dysplastic vertebras may develop. We report four new cases with severe cervical spinal canal narrowing documented by radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and autopsy. In all, nine cases of CDPX1 with severe cervical spinal cord compression have now been described. Because these cases account for a large proportion of all reported CDPX1 cases, we believe that an antenatal suspicion of CDPX1 should lead to genetic counseling and to investigations for spinal cord compression. After birth, this complication must be routinely anticipated, and we suggest spinal MRI in all CDPX1 infants. Unless spinal cord compression is confidently ruled out, we recommend that these newborns receive the same care as trauma patients suspected of craniocervical junction disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Garnier
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Service de Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, and Université Paris VII, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, IFR02, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
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Charco R, Murio E, Luis Lázaro J, Bilbao I, Hidalgo E, Castells L, Chávez R, Parisi I, Margarit C. Arterialización de la vena porta en el trasplante hepático humano. Cir Esp 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-739x(02)72033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fumagalli L, Zucchetti M, Parisi I, Viganò MG, Zecca B, Careddu A, D'Incalci M, Lazzarin A. The pharmacokinetics of liposomal encapsulated daunorubicin are not modified by HAART in patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2000; 45:495-501. [PMID: 10854138 DOI: 10.1007/s002800051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the pharmacokinetics of liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) administered alone or in combination with antiviral therapy including protease inhibitors (PI) to HIV-positive patients affected by Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). PATIENTS AND METHODS A group of 18 patients with extensive or rapidly progressing AIDS-related KS received DaunoXome at a dose of 40 mg/m2 alone or in association with a triple combination therapy consisting of one PI plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). Daunorubicin pharmacokinetics were determined in a total of 23 cycles, 6 with DaunoXome alone, 9 in combination with indinavir, 6 with ritonavir and 2 with saquinavir. Plasma samples were obtained at different times during the 72 h after DaunoXome administration. Daunorubicin and daunorubicinol plasma levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS After the DaunoXome infusion, daunorubicin was rapidly cleared from the body following, in most cases, a one-compartment open kinetic model. The daunorubicin peak concentrations, clearances and elimination half-lives were (means +/- SD): 16.3 +/- 2.8 microg/ml, 0.3 +/- 0.1 l/h per m2 and 5.6 +/- 2.6 h after DaunoXome alone; 15.1 +/- 4.9 microg/ml, 0.5 +/- 0.3 l/ h per m2 and 5.8 +/- 2.1 h after the combination with indinavir; and 14.5 +/- 2.8 microg/ml, 0.4 +/- 0.2 l/h per m2 and 6.5 +/- 3.9 h after the combination with ritonavir. In all groups, daunorubicinol plasma levels were approximately 25-30 times lower than those of the parent drug. CONCLUSION Our data show that there are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of daunorubicin in patients receiving DaunoXome in combination with indinavir and ritonavir compared with those in patients not receiving PIs. Therefore in patients affected by AIDS-related KS treated with Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy (HAART) there is no pharmacokinetic justification for reducing the doses of DaunoXome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fumagalli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Zucchetti M, Boiardi A, Silvani A, Parisi I, Piccolrovazzi S, D'Incalci M. Distribution of daunorubicin and daunorubicinol in human glioma tumors after administration of liposomal daunorubicin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1999; 44:173-6. [PMID: 10412954 DOI: 10.1007/s002800050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
DaunoXome is a liposome formulation containing daunorubicin (DM). Encapsulation of the drug in liposomes presents the advantage of low-level systemic exposure and better drug penetration into the tumor. We studied the distribution of DM and its 13-dihydro metabolite, daunorubicinol (DMol), in surgical biopsies from different parts of glioblastomas. The study was performed in eight patients with recurrent glioblastoma, all of whom had previously undergone surgery and been treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, who received 50 mg of DaunoXome as a 1-h infusion. Surgery was performed at 24 and 48 h after the infusion in seven cases and one case, respectively. Biopsies were divided into three parts: the central area of the tumor, peripheral tumor tissue, and brain-adjacent tumor (BAT) tissue. A complete plasma pharmacokinetics study was conducted in seven cases, with samples being taken for up to 48 h after the end of the infusion. DM and DMol were determined in plasma and tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after solvent extraction. At 24 h, concentrations of DM and DMol in the central part of the tumor ranged between < 0.005 and 0.80 microg/g and between 0.005 and 1.58 microg/g, respectively. Concentrations were similar in the peripheral tumor and in BAT tissue. From the data obtained on the patient who underwent surgery at 48 h it appears that DM and DMol remain in tumor tissue for a long time, the concentrations being 0.4 and 2.8 microg/g, respectively. DaunoXome was rapidly cleared from the body, with the plasma levels of DM and DMol determined at 48 h lying in the range of < 5-50 and < 5-20 ng/ml, respectively. The mean (+/-SD) half-life and plasmatic clearance of DM were 4.8+/-1.0 h and 0.2+/-0.06 l h(-1) m(-2). In conclusion, DaunoXome achieved and maintained potentially cytotoxic levels of both DM and DMol in glioblastoma for a long time in association with low-level systemic exposure. Further studies are therefore warranted. Although only preliminary and obtained in previously treated patients, these data suggest that DaunoXome merits investigation in CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zucchetti
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
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Colombo T, Parisi I, Zucchetti M, Sessa C, Goldhirsch A, D'Incalci M. Pharmacokinetic interactions of paclitaxel, docetaxel and their vehicles with doxorubicin. Ann Oncol 1999; 10:391-5. [PMID: 10370780 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008309916974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of doxorubicin (Dx) with paclitaxel or docetaxel is clinically effective but there are concerns regarding the higher incidence of cardiotoxicity of the combination compared with Dx alone. The mechanism of the increased toxicity is still unclear. PURPOSE To assess whether there is a pharmacokinetic interaction between paclitaxel, docetaxel or their vehicles and Dx in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS CDF1 male mice were treated with Dx either alone (10 mg/kg i.v.) or in combination with paclitaxel (25 mg/kg) or docetaxel (25 mg/kg) or their vehicles, i.e., cremophor-ethanol-glucose (cremophor) or polysorbate80-ethanol-glucose (polysorbate). Four mice were killed 4, 8 or 24 hours after Dx in each experimental group and Dx was assayed in serum and in heart, liver, kidney and spleen by HPLC. RESULTS Four hours after treatment the concentrations of Dx in heart, liver and kidney were much higher in mice concomitantly treated with paclitaxel, docetaxel (dissolved in either cremophor or polysorbate) and cremophor. At subsequent times the differences were modest and only reached statistical significance in a few cases. Dx metabolites were modified by concomitant treatment with taxanes or their vehicles. In particular, the levels of Dx aglycone in liver and kidney were significantly lower in mice treated with the combination than in mice given Dx alone. CONCLUSIONS Paclitaxel, docetaxel and cremophor when given together with Dx modify its distribution and metabolism, increasing Dx levels in many tissues including the heart. This might have some bearing on the toxicity of regimens in which Dx is combined with taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Colombo
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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