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Meeson RL, Perpétuo IP, Parsons K, Orriss IR, Shah M, Pitsillides AA, Doube M. The in vitro behaviour of canine osteoblasts derived from different bone types. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:114. [PMID: 30975149 PMCID: PMC6460523 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our understanding of the biology of osteoblasts is important as they underpin bone remodelling, fracture healing and processes such as osseointegration. Osteoblasts isolated from human humeral samples display distinctive biological activity in vitro, which relates to the samples’ bone types (subchondral (S), trabecular (T), cortical (C)). Our aim was to isolate primary osteoblast cultures from different bone types from the proximal femur of a clinical population of dogs presented for total hip replacement and compare the behaviour of the osteoblasts derived from different bone types, to identify a preferred bone type for isolation. Results No differences were found for osteoblast doubling time (median for S = 2.9, T = 3.1 and C = 2.71 days, respectively; p = 0.33), final cell number (median for S = 54,849, T = 49,733, C = 61,390 cells/cm2; p = 0.34) or basal tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity (median for S = 0.02, T = 0.02, C = 0.03 U/min/mg protein; p = 0.81) between bone types after 6 days of culture in basal media. There were no differences in mineralizing TNAP activity (S = 0.02, T = 0.02, C = 0.03 U/min/mg protein, p = 0.84) or in mineralized area (S = 0.05, T = 0.04, C = 0.04%, p = 0.92) among cells from different bone types. Conclusions There is no significant difference in mean doubling time, basal or mineralizing TNAP activity or mineralized area in osteoblasts derived from subchondral, cortical, or trabecular bone types from the canine femoral head. However, there appears to be a high level of inter-animal variability in the studied parameters, which was independent of age, body mass, and sex. Trabecular isolate osteoblasts have the least variation of the bone types studied, and therefore should be considered a preferred source for primary osteoblast cultures. The work here provides baselines for canine osteoblast function, which has utility for future comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Meeson
- Clinical Services and Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK. .,Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Inês P Perpétuo
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skeletal Biology Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Kevin Parsons
- Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skeletal Biology Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Mittal Shah
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skeletal Biology Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skeletal Biology Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Michael Doube
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Skeletal Biology Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Abstract
This chapter describes the isolation, culture, and staining of osteoblasts. The key advantages of this assay are that it allows direct measurement of bone matrix deposition and mineralization, as well as yielding good quantities of osteoblasts at defined stages of differentiation for molecular and histological analysis. An additional focus of this chapter will be the culture of osteoblasts from less conventional animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês P Perpétuo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Lucie E Bourne
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
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Perpétuo IP, Caetano-Lopes J, Vieira-Sousa E, Campanilho-Marques R, Ponte C, Khmelinskii N, Canhão H, Ainola M, Fonseca JE. Corrigendum: Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Have Impaired Osteoclast Gene Expression in Circulating Osteoclast Precursors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:38. [PMID: 28405583 PMCID: PMC5388692 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inês P Perpétuo
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano-Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Campanilho-Marques
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nikita Khmelinskii
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- EpiDoC Unit, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Mari Ainola
- Musculoskeletal Diseases and Inflammation Research Group, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - João E Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
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Perpétuo IP, Caetano-Lopes J, Vieira-Sousa E, Campanilho-Marques R, Ponte C, Canhão H, Ainola M, Fonseca JE. Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Have Impaired Osteoclast Gene Expression in Circulating Osteoclast Precursors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:5. [PMID: 28191455 PMCID: PMC5269449 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is typically characterized by focal bone overgrowth and also by systemic bone loss. We hypothesize that the increased osteoproliferation found in AS might be partially due to reduced ability of osteoclast precursors (OCPs) to differentiate into osteoclasts (OCs). Therefore, our aim was to characterize bone remodeling and pro-osteoclastogenesis inflammatory environment, monocytes' phenotype, and in vitro osteoclast differentiation in AS patients. METHODS Patients with active AS without any ongoing therapy and age- and gender-matched healthy donors were recruited. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ (RANKL) surface expression on circulating leukocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations were assessed. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers and cytokines, in vitro OC differentiation assay and quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR for OC-specific genes were performed. RESULTS Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine serum levels were higher in AS patients than in controls. RANKL neutrophil expression was higher in AS patients when compared to healthy donors, but CD51/CD61 expression was lower in the classical monocyte subpopulation. Concerning osteoclastogenesis, we found no differences in the in vitro osteoclast differentiating potential of these cells when compared to healthy donors. However, we observed low expression of CSF1R, RANK, and NFATc1 in AS OCPs. CONCLUSION Despite the high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines present in AS patients, no differences in the number of OC or resorbed area were found between AS patients and healthy donors. Moreover, we observed that OCPs have low OC-specific gene expression. These findings support our hypothesis of an impaired response of OCPs to pro-osteoclastogenic stimuli in vivo in AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês P Perpétuo
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano-Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Campanilho-Marques
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- EpiDoC Unit, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Mari Ainola
- Musculoskeletal Diseases and Inflammation Research Group, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - João E Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
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Perpétuo IP, Raposeiro R, Caetano-Lopes J, Vieira-Sousa E, Campanilho-Marques R, Ponte C, Canhão H, Ainola M, Fonseca JE. Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy on Osteoclasts Precursors in Ankylosing Spondylitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144655. [PMID: 26674064 PMCID: PMC4682624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is characterized by excessive local bone formation and concomitant systemic bone loss. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a central role in the inflammation of axial skeleton and enthesis of AS patients. Despite reduction of inflammation and systemic bone loss, AS patients treated with TNF inhibitors (TNFi) have ongoing local bone formation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TNFi in the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts (OC) in AS patients. Methods 13 AS patients treated with TNFi were analyzed at baseline and after a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. 25 healthy donors were recruited as controls. Blood samples were collected to assess receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) surface expression on circulating leukocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers and cytokines, in vitro OC differentiation assay and qRT-PCR for OC specific genes were performed. Results RANKL+ circulating lymphocytes (B and T cells) and IL-17A, IL-23 and TGF-β levels were decreased after TNFi treatment. We found no differences in the frequency of the different monocyte subpopulations, however, we found decreased expression of CCR2 and increased expression of CD62L after TNFi treatment. OC number was reduced in patients at baseline when compared to controls. OC specific gene expression was reduced in circulating OC precursors after TNFi treatment. However, when cultured in OC differentiating conditions, OC precursors from AS TNFi-treated patients showed increased activity as compared to baseline. Conclusion In AS patients, TNFi treatment reduces systemic pro osteoclastogenic stimuli. However, OC precursors from AS patients exposed to TNFi therapy have increased in vitro activity in response to osteoclastogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês P. Perpétuo
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Rita Raposeiro
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano-Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Vieira-Sousa
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Campanilho-Marques
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ponte
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Canhão
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mari Ainola
- Musculoskeletal Diseases and Inflammation Research Group, Biomedicum Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - João E. Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
- Rheumatology and bone metabolic diseases department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, EPE, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
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Perpétuo IP, Raposeiro R, Caetano-Lopes J, Vieira-Sousa E, Campanilho-Marques R, Ponte C, Canhão H, Ainola M, Fonseca JE. A4.21 Effect of TNF blocking therapy on osteoclasts from ankylosing spondylitis patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207259.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Perpétuo IP, Caetano-Lopes J, Vieira-Sousa E, Campanilho-Marques R, Ponte C, Canhão H, Ainola M, Fonseca JE. A2.1 Rank expression is reduced in circulating monocytes from ankylosing spondylitis patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205124.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Caetano-Lopes J, Rodrigues A, Lopes A, Vale AC, Pitts-Kiefer MA, Vidal B, Perpétuo IP, Monteiro J, Konttinen YT, Vaz MF, Nazarian A, Canhão H, Fonseca JE. Rheumatoid Arthritis Bone Fragility Is Associated With Upregulation of IL17 and DKK1 Gene Expression. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 47:38-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Perpétuo IP, Marques R, Ponte C, Canhão H, Fonseca JE. A8.11 Rankl Expression is Lower on T and B Lymphocytes and Rankl +Cells Tend to Accumulate in Circulation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated with TNF Blockers. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203222.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rodrigues AM, Caetano-Lopes J, Vale AC, Vidal B, Lopes A, Aleixo I, Polido-Pereira J, Sepriano A, Perpétuo IP, Monteiro J, Vaz MF, Fonseca JE, Canhão H. Low osteocalcin/collagen type I bone gene expression ratio is associated with hip fragility fractures. Bone 2012; 51:981-9. [PMID: 22975110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteocalcin (OC) is the most abundant non-collagenous bone protein and is determinant for bone mineralization. We aimed to compare OC bone expression and serum factors related to its carboxylation in hip fragility fracture and osteoarthritis patients. We also aimed to identify which of these factors were associated with worse mechanical behavior and with the hip fracture event. METHODS In this case-control study, fragility fracture patients submitted to hip replacement surgery were evaluated and compared to a group of osteoarthritis patients submitted to the same procedure. Fasting blood samples were collected to assess apolipoproteinE (apoE) levels, total OC and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), vitamin K, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and bone turnover markers. The frequency of the apoε4 isoform was determined. Femoral epiphyses were collected and trabecular bone cylinders drilled in order to perform compression mechanical tests. Gene expression of bone matrix components was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS 64 patients, 25 submitted to hip replacement surgery due to fragility fracture and 39 due to osteoarthritis, were evaluated. Bone OC/collagen expression (OC/COL1A1) ratio was significantly lower in hip fracture compared to osteoarthritis patients (p<0.017) adjusted for age, gender and body mass index. Moreover, OC/COL1A1 expression ratio was associated with the hip fracture event (OR ~0; p=0.003) independently of the group assigned, or the clinical characteristics. Apoε4 isoform was more frequent in the hip fracture group (p=0.029). ucOC levels were higher in the fracture group although not significantly (p=0.058). No differences were found regarding total OC (p=0.602), apoE (p=0.467) and Vitamin K (p=0.371). In hip fracture patients, multivariate analysis, adjusted for clinical characteristics, serum factors related to OC metabolism and gene expression of bone matrix proteins showed that low OC/COL1A1 expression ratio was significantly associated with worse trabecular strength (β=0.607; p=0.013) and stiffness (β=0.693; p=0.003). No association was found between ucOC and bone mechanics. Moreover, in osteoarthritis patients, the multivariate analysis revealed that serum total OC was negatively associated with strength (β=-0.411; p=0.030) and stiffness (β=-0.487; p=0.009). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that low bone OC/COL1A1 expression ratio was an independent predictor of worse trabecular mechanical behavior and of the hip fracture event. These findings suggest that in hip fracture patients the imbalance of bone OC/COL1A1 expression ratio reflects disturbances in osteoblast activity leading to bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Rodrigues
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Rodrigues A, Caetano-Lopes J, Lopes A, Vale AC, Aleixo I, Perpétuo IP, Pena AS, Faustino A, Sepriano A, Polido-Pereira J, Vieira-Sousa E, Vidal B, Romeu JC, Amaral PM, Rosa LG, Pereira da Silva JA, Monteiro J, Vaz MF, Fonseca JE, Canhão H. Apolipoprotein E and undercaboxylated osteocalcin are associated with bone fragility but not with bone mineral density in osteoarthritis patients. J Transl Med 2011. [PMCID: PMC3242284 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-s2-p54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Caetano-Lopes J, Rodrigues A, Lopes A, Vale AC, Pitts-Kiefer MA, Vidal B, Perpétuo IP, Monteiro J, Konttinen YT, Vaz MF, Nazarian A, Canhão H, Fonseca JE. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased DKK1 expression and disturbances in the bone turnover regulating genes. J Transl Med 2011. [PMCID: PMC3242283 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-s2-p53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Caetano-Lopes J, Lopes A, Rodrigues A, Fernandes D, Perpétuo IP, Monjardino T, Lucas R, Monteiro J, Konttinen YT, Canhão H, Fonseca JE. Upregulation of inflammatory genes and downregulation of sclerostin gene expression are key elements in the early phase of fragility fracture healing. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16947. [PMID: 21347301 PMCID: PMC3037947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fracture healing is orchestrated by a specific set of events that culminates in the repair of bone and reachievement of its biomechanical properties. The aim of our work was to study the sequence of gene expression events involved in inflammation and bone remodeling occurring in the early phases of callus formation in osteoporotic patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Fifty-six patients submitted to hip replacement surgery after a low-energy hip fracture were enrolled in this study. The patients were grouped according to the time interval between fracture and surgery: bone collected within 3 days after fracture (n = 13); between the 4(th) and 7(th) day (n = 33); and after one week from the fracture (n = 10). Inflammation- and bone metabolism-related genes were assessed at the fracture site. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was increased in the first days after fracture. The genes responsible for bone formation and resorption were upregulated one week after fracture. The increase in RANKL expression occurred just before that, between the 4(th)-7(th) days after fracture. Sclerostin expression diminished during the first days after fracture. CONCLUSIONS The expression of inflammation-related genes, especially IL-6, is highest at the very first days after fracture but from day 4 onwards there is a shift towards bone remodeling genes, suggesting that the inflammatory phase triggers bone healing. We propose that an initial inflammatory stimulus and a decrease in sclerostin-related effects are the key components in fracture healing. In osteoporotic patients, cellular machinery seems to adequately react to the inflammatory stimulus, therefore local promotion of these events might constitute a promising medical intervention to accelerate fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Caetano-Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rodrigues
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Reumatologia e Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Fernandes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês P. Perpétuo
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Monjardino
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lucas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jacinto Monteiro
- Orthopaedics Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yrjö T. Konttinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
- COXA Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland
| | - Helena Canhão
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Reumatologia e Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João E. Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Reumatologia e Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
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Caetano-Lopes J, Lopes A, Rodrigues A, Fernandes D, Perpétuo IP, Monjardino T, Lucas R, Monteiro J, Konttinen YT, Canhão H, Fonseca JE. Upregulation of inflammatory genes and downregulation of sclerostin are key elements for fracture healing. Lab Invest 2010. [PMCID: PMC3007815 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-s1-p68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Caetano-Lopes J, Nery AM, Canhão H, Duarte J, Cascão R, Rodrigues A, Perpétuo IP, Abdulghani S, Amaral PM, Sakaguchi S, Konttinen YT, Graça L, Vaz MF, Fonseca JE. Chronic arthritis leads to disturbances in the bone collagen network. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R9. [PMID: 20078856 PMCID: PMC2875635 DOI: 10.1186/ar2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this study we used a mice model of chronic arthritis to evaluate if bone fragility induced by chronic inflammation is associated with an imbalance in bone turnover and also a disorganization of the bone type I collagen network. Methods Serum, vertebrae and femur bones were collected from eight-month-old polyarthritis SKG mice and controls. Strength of the femoral bones was evaluated using three-point bending tests and density was assessed with a pycnometer. Bone turnover markers carboxy-terminal collagen cross-linking telopeptides (CTX-I) and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) were measured in serum. The organization and density of bone collagen were analyzed in vertebrae using second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging with a two-photon microscope and trabecular bone microstructure was assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results Femoral bones of SKG mice revealed increased fragility expressed by deterioration of mechanical properties, namely altered stiffness (P = 0.007) and reduced strength (P = 0.006), when compared to controls. Accordingly, inter-trabecular distance and trabecular thickness as observed by SEM were reduced in SKG mice. PINP was significantly higher in arthritic mice (9.18 ± 3.21 ng/ml) when compared to controls (1.71 ± 0.53 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Bone resorption marker CTX-I was 9.67 ± 3.18 ng/ml in arthritic SKG mice compared to 6.23 ± 4.11 ng/ml in controls (P = 0.176). The forward-to-backward signal ratio measured by SHG was higher in SKG animals, reflecting disorganized matrix and loose collagen structure, compared to controls. Conclusions We have shown for the first time that chronic arthritis by itself impairs bone matrix architecture, probably due to disturbed bone remodeling and increased collagen turnover. This effect might predispose patients to bone fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Caetano-Lopes
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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