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Czech M, Schneider S, Peltokangas N, El Khawanky N, Ghimire S, Andrieux G, Hülsdünker J, Krausz M, Proietti M, Braun LM, Rückert T, Langenbach M, Schmidt D, Martin I, Wenger V, de Vega E, Haring E, Pourjam M, Pfeifer D, Schmitt-Graeff A, Grimbacher B, Aumann K, Kircher B, Tilg H, Raffatellu M, Thiele Orberg E, Häcker G, Duyster J, Köhler N, Holler E, Nachbaur D, Boerries M, Gerner RR, Grün D, Zeiser R. Lipocalin-2 expression identifies an intestinal regulatory neutrophil population during acute graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi1501. [PMID: 38381845 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), for which therapeutic options are limited. Strategies to promote intestinal tissue tolerance during aGVHD may improve patient outcomes. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified a lipocalin-2 (LCN2)-expressing neutrophil population in mice with intestinal aGVHD. Transfer of LCN2-overexpressing neutrophils or treatment with recombinant LCN2 reduced aGVHD severity, whereas the lack of epithelial or hematopoietic LCN2 enhanced aGVHD severity and caused microbiome alterations. Mechanistically, LCN2 induced insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in macrophages through the LCN2 receptor SLC22A17, which increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) production and reduced major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Transfer of LCN2-pretreated macrophages reduced aGVHD severity but did not reduce graft-versus-leukemia effects. Furthermore, LCN2 expression correlated with IL-10 expression in intestinal biopsies in multiple cohorts of patients with aGVHD, and LCN2 induced IGF-1R signaling in human macrophages. Collectively, we identified a LCN2-expressing intestinal neutrophil population that reduced aGVHD severity by decreasing MHCII expression and increasing IL-10 production in macrophages. This work provides the foundation for administration of LCN2 as a therapeutic approach for aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Czech
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Schneider
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Peltokangas
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nadia El Khawanky
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sakhila Ghimire
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hülsdünker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Máté Krausz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- RESIST-Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas M Braun
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamina Rückert
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Langenbach
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmidt
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Martin
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Wenger
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Enrique de Vega
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eileen Haring
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohsen Pourjam
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL Institute of Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF-German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST-Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hannover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Aumann
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92123-0735, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Erik Thiele Orberg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner-site Munich, a partnership between DKFZ and Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Natalie Köhler
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Nachbaur
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg Germany
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Ros E, Tom T, Ortega P, Martin I, Maggi E, Asensi JM, López-Vidrier J, Saucedo E, Bertomeu J, Puigdollers J, Voz C. Elimination of Interface Energy Barriers Using Dendrimer Polyelectrolytes with Fractal Geometry. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:28705-28715. [PMID: 37269290 PMCID: PMC10802975 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work we study conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) films based on polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of generations G1 and G3. These fractal macromolecules are compared to branched polyethylenimine (b-PEI) polymer using methanol as the solvent. All of these materials present a high density of amino groups, which protonated by methoxide counter-anions create strong dipolar interfaces. The vacuum level shift associated to these films on n-type silicon was 0.93 eV for b-PEI, 0.72 eV for PAMAM G1 and 1.07 eV for PAMAM G3. These surface potentials were enough to overcome Fermi level pinning, which is a typical limitation of aluminium contacts on n-type silicon. A specific contact resistance as low as 20 mΩ·cm2 was achieved with PAMAM G3, in agreement with the higher surface potential of this material. Good electron transport properties were also obtained for the other materials. Proof-of-concept silicon solar cells combining vanadium oxide as a hole-selective contact with these new electron transport layers have been fabricated and compared. The solar cell with PAMAM G3 surpassed 15% conversion efficiency with an overall increase of all the photovoltaic parameters. The performance of these devices correlates with compositional and nanostructural studies of the different CPE films. Particularly, a figure-of-merit (Vσ) for CPE films that considers the number of protonated amino groups per macromolecule has been introduced. The fractal geometry of dendrimers leads to a geometric increase in the number of amino groups per generation. Thus, investigation of dendrimer macromolecules seems a very good strategy to design CPE films with enhanced charge-carrier selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Ros
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - T. Tom
- Departament
de Física Aplicada, Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - P. Ortega
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - I. Martin
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - E. Maggi
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - J. M. Asensi
- Departament
de Física Aplicada, Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - J. López-Vidrier
- Departament
de Física Aplicada, Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - E. Saucedo
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - J. Bertomeu
- Departament
de Física Aplicada, Universitat de
Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - J. Puigdollers
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - C. Voz
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
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Peterson SW, Demczuk W, Martin I, Adam H, Bharat A, Mulvey MR. Identification of bacterial and fungal pathogens directly from clinical blood cultures using whole genome sequencing. Genomics 2023; 115:110580. [PMID: 36792020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Bloodstream infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy can improve patient survival and prevent antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) can provide information for pathogen identification, AMR prediction and sequence typing earlier than current phenotypic diagnostic methods. WGS was performed on 97 clinical blood specimens and matched culture isolate pairs. Specimen/isolate pairs were MLST sequence-typed and further characterization was performed on Streptococcus species. WGS correctly identified 91.7% of clinical specimens and 93.2% of matched isolates representing 35 different microbial species. MLST types were assigned for 89.9% of matched cultures and 21.7% of blood specimens, with higher success for blood culture specimens extracted within 3 days (52% characterized) than 7 days (9.3%). This study demonstrates the potential use of WGS for identification and characterization of pathogens directly from blood culture specimens to facilitate timely initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Peterson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - W Demczuk
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - I Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - H Adam
- Diagnostic Services, Shared Health Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - A Bharat
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - M R Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Vallentgoed WR, Niers JM, van den Bent MJ, Kouwenhoven MCM, Kros JM, Martin I, van Thuijl HF, van de Wiel MA, Wesseling P, French PJ. OS05.5.A Methylation analysis of matched primary and recurrent IDHmt astrocytoma; an update from the Glioma Longitudinal Analysis NL (GLASS-NL) consortium. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The evolutionary processes that drive progression in patients with IDH-mutant astrocytoma remain unclear. The GLASS-NL consortium, as part of the larger worldwide GLASS consortium, was initiated to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma evolution and to identify markers of progression in IDH-mutant astrocytomas. Such markers can ultimately assist clinical decision making. Here, we present the first results of genome wide methylation profiling of samples included in the GLASS-NL study.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
110 adult patients were identified with an IDH-mutant astrocytoma at first diagnosis. All patients underwent a surgical resection of the tumor at least twice, separated by at least 6 months with a median of 40.9 months (IQR: 24.0, 64.7), in 37% and 18% of the cases, patients were treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy respectively, before surgical resection of the recurrent tumor. Methylation profiling was done on (macro dissected) DNA isolated of 235 samples from 103 patients (102 1st, 101 2nd, 29 3rd, and 3 4th resection), using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Copy number variations were also derived from these data. Methylation classes were determined according to Capper et al. (2018). Overall survival (OS) was measured from date of first surgery.
RESULTS
Of all primary tumors, the methylation-classifier assigned 85 (87%) to the A_IDH (‘low grade’) subclass and 10 (10%) to the A_IDH_HG (‘high grade’) subclass. The relative proportion of high grade tumors increased ~three-fold at tumor recurrence (32/101, 32%) and even further in the second recurrence (15/29, 52%). The overall DNA-methylation levels of recurrent samples was lower than that of primary samples. This difference is explained by the increased number of high grade samples at recurrence, since near identical DNA-methylation levels were observed in samples that remained low grade. In an unsupervised analysis, methylation data derived from first and second resections of individual patients mostly (79%) cluster together. This indicates that variability between tumors is larger than temporal heterogeneity within tumors. Recurrent samples that do not cluster with their primary tumor, form a separate cluster and have relatively low genome-wide DNA-methylation.
CONCLUSION
Our data demonstrate that methylation profiling identifies a shift towards a higher grade at tumor progression coinciding with reduced genome-wide DNA-methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Niers
- Amsterdam UMC/VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - J M Kros
- Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Martin
- Amsterdam UMC/VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - P Wesseling
- Amsterdam UMC/VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Lehoczky G, Mumme M, Pelttari K, Trofin R, Chawla S, Haug M, Egloff C, Jakob M, Martin I, Barbero A. New single-stage, arthroscopic cartilage regeneration therapy with nasal chondrocytes. Cytotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921005016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gryadunova A, Kasamkattil J, Gay M, Dasen B, Pelttari K, Mironov V, Martin I, Schaeren S, Barbero A, Krupkova O, Mehrkens A. Spheroids derived from human nasal chondrocytes for nucleus pulposus repair. Cytotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921002930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Power L, Acevedo L, Yamashita R, Rubin D, Martin I, Barbero A. Deep learning enables the automation of grading histological tissue engineered cartilage images for quality control standardization. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:433-443. [PMID: 33422705 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To automate the grading of histological images of engineered cartilage tissues using deep learning. METHODS Cartilaginous tissues were engineered from various cell sources. Safranin O and fast green stained histological images of the tissues were graded for chondrogenic quality according to the Modified Bern Score, which ranks images on a scale from zero to six according to the intensity of staining and cell morphology. The whole images were tiled, and the tiles were graded by two experts and grouped into four categories with the following grades: 0, 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6. Deep learning was used to train models to classify images into these histological score groups. Finally, the tile grades per donor were averaged. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) were calculated between each user and the model. RESULTS Transfer learning using a pretrained DenseNet model was selected. The RMSEs of the model predictions and 95% confidence intervals were 0.49 (0.37, 0.61) and 0.78 (0.57, 0.99) for each user, which was in the same range as the inter-user RMSE of 0.71 (0.51, 0.93). CONCLUSION Using supervised deep learning, we could automate the scoring of histological images of engineered cartilage and achieve results with errors comparable to inter-user error. Thus, the model could enable the automation and standardization of assessments currently used for experimental studies as well as release criteria that ensure the quality of manufactured clinical grafts and compliance with regulatory requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Power
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - L Acevedo
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - R Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - D Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - I Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - A Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Bach S, Paulis I, Sluiter NR, Tibbesma M, Martin I, van de Wiel MA, Tuynman JB, Bahce I, Kazemier G, Steenbergen RDM. Detection of colorectal cancer in urine using DNA methylation analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2363. [PMID: 33504902 PMCID: PMC7840909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause for cancer-related death globally. Clinically, there is an urgent need for non-invasive CRC detection. This study assessed the feasibility of CRC detection by analysis of tumor-derived methylated DNA fragments in urine. Urine samples, including both unfractioned and supernatant urine fractions, of 92 CRC patients and 63 healthy volunteers were analyzed for DNA methylation levels of 6 CRC-associated markers (SEPT9, TMEFF2, SDC2, NDRG4, VIM and ALX4). Optimal marker panels were determined by two statistical approaches. Methylation levels of SEPT9 were significantly increased in urine supernatant of CRC patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Methylation analysis in unfractioned urine appeared inaccurate. Following multivariate logistic regression and classification and regression tree analysis, a marker panel consisting of SEPT9 and SDC2 was able to detect up to 70% of CRC cases in urine supernatant at 86% specificity. First evidence is provided for CRC detection in urine by SEPT9 methylation analysis, which combined with SDC2 allows for an optimal differentiation between CRC patients and controls. Urine therefore provides a promising liquid biopsy for non-invasive CRC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bach
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Paulis
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N R Sluiter
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Tibbesma
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1089a, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J B Tuynman
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Bahce
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Kazemier
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R D M Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Peterson SW, Martin I, Demczuk W, Barairo N, Naidu P, Lefebvre B, Allen V, Hoang L, Hatchette TF, Alexander D, Tomas K, Trubnikov M, Wong T, Mulvey MR. Multiplex real-time PCR assays for the prediction of cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin antimicrobial susceptibility of positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acid amplification test samples. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:3485-3490. [PMID: 32830242 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) is rising in Canada; however, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance data are unavailable for infections diagnosed directly from clinical specimens by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), representing over 80% of diagnoses. We developed a set of 10 improved molecular assays for surveillance of GC-AMR and prediction of susceptibilities in NAAT specimens. METHODS Multiplex real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assays were developed to detect SNPs associated with cephalosporin (ponA, porB, mtrR -35delA, penA A311V, penA A501, N513Y, G545S), ciprofloxacin (gyrA S91, parC D86/S87/S88) and azithromycin [23S (A2059G, C2611T), mtrR meningitidis-like promoter] resistance. The assays were validated on 127 gonococcal isolates, 51 non-gonococcal isolates and 50 NAATs with matched culture isolates. SNPs determined from the assay were compared with SNPs determined from in silico analysis of WGS data. MICs were determined for culture isolates using the agar dilution method. RESULTS SNP analysis of the 50 NAAT specimens had 96% agreement with the matched culture RT-PCR analysis. When compared with MICs, presence of penA A311V or penA A501 and two or more other SNPs correlated with decreased susceptibility and presence of three or more other SNPs correlated with intermediate susceptibility to cephalosporins; presence of any associated SNP correlated with ciprofloxacin or azithromycin resistance. NAAT-AMR predictions correlated with matched-culture cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin MICs at 94%, 100% and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We expanded molecular tests for N. gonorrhoeae AMR prediction by adding new loci and multiplexing reactions to improve surveillance where culture isolates are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Peterson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - I Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - W Demczuk
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - N Barairo
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - P Naidu
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - B Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - V Allen
- Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Hoang
- British Columbia Centres for Disease Control Public Health Microbiology & Reference Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T F Hatchette
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - D Alexander
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - K Tomas
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Trubnikov
- First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Wong
- First Nations and Inuit Health Branch, Indigenous Services Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M R Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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10
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Hummel K, Dunn J, Muldrew K, Gogia S, Kravitz E, Johnson E, Berra A, Stafford I, Martin I, Munson E. Mycoplasma Genitalium And Streptococcus Agalactiae Colonization In Pregnant Women: An Emerging Relationship. Am J Clin Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Mycoplasma genitalium has been identified as an emerging sexually transmitted infection (STI) causing cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and other gynecologic pathology. The prevalence of M. genitalium in pregnant women has not been determined, nor has frequency of co-infection with Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS). Neonatal sepsis caused by GBS is associated with black race and young maternal age with approximately 10%-30% of pregnant women colonized. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the possible association between M. genitalium infection and colonization with GBS in a large cohort of pregnant women from a tertiary care center in Houston, Texas.
Methods
Remnant endocervical samples collected from pregnant women attending clinics at the Baylor College of Medicine between September 2019 and December 2019 were screened for M. genitalium by transcription mediated amplification (Hologic, Inc. Marlborough, MA). Demographic, STI co-infection [Human papillomavirus (types 16,18), Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, and Herpes simplex virus], and GBS status data were recorded. Fisher’s exact test was performed for statistical analysis.
Results
719 total samples were collected and tested for M. genitalium. Of these, 41 (5.7%) were positive. The mean age of infected women was younger than noninfected women (24.9 vs. 28.1 years respectively p = 0.0004). More black women (34.2%) were infected with M. genitalium compared to white (14.6%) or other (51.2%) (p = 0.0003).
Rates of GBS colonization was significantly higher among women infected with M. genitalium compared to women who tested negative (58.3% vs. 16.1% respectively p = 0.002) and increased compared to national reported rates of GBS colonization. M. genitalium also showed a significant association with T. vaginalis (p=0.03), but no other STI co- infections studied.
Conclusion
Our data demonstrates that infection with M. genitalium may be associated with persistent GBS colonization. Further prospective studies are needed to further elucidate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hummel
- Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - J Dunn
- Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - K Muldrew
- Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - S Gogia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - E Kravitz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - E Johnson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - A Berra
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - I Stafford
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - I Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CANADA
| | - E Munson
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, UNITED STATES
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11
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Crowley PJD, Martin I, Chandran A. Half-Integer Quantized Topological Response in Quasiperiodically Driven Quantum Systems. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:100601. [PMID: 32955337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A spin strongly driven by two harmonic incommensurate drives can pump energy from one drive to the other at a quantized average rate, in close analogy with the quantum Hall effect. The pumping rate is a nonzero integer in the topological regime, while the trivial regime does not pump. The dynamical transition between the regimes is sharp in the zero-frequency limit and is characterized by a Dirac point in a synthetic band structure. We show that the pumping rate is half-integer quantized at the transition and present universal Kibble-Zurek scaling functions for energy transfer processes. Our results adapt ideas from quantum phase transitions, quantum information, and topological band theory to nonequilibrium dynamics, and identify qubit experiments to observe the universal linear and nonlinear response of a Dirac point in synthetic dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J D Crowley
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - I Martin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Chandran
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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12
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Gay M, Baldomero H, Passweg J, Martin I. The survey on cellular and tissue-engineered therapies in europe and neighboring eurasian countries in 2016 and 2017. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Viswanathan S, Shi Y, Galipeau J, Krampera M, Leblanc K, Martin I, Nolta J, Phinney DG, Sensebe L. Mesenchymal stem versus stromal cells: International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT®) Mesenchymal Stromal Cell committee position statement on nomenclature. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:1019-1024. [PMID: 31526643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT®) Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (ISCT MSC) committee offers a position statement to clarify the nomenclature of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The ISCT MSC committee continues to support the use of the acronym "MSCs" but recommends this be (i) supplemented by tissue-source origin of the cells, which would highlight tissue-specific properties; (ii) intended as MSCs unless rigorous evidence for stemness exists that can be supported by both in vitro and in vivo data; and (iii) associated with robust matrix of functional assays to demonstrate MSC properties, which are not generically defined but informed by the intended therapeutic mode of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Viswanathan
- Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Cell Therapy Program, University Health Network, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Y Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - J Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - M Krampera
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - K Leblanc
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Nolta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - D G Phinney
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - L Sensebe
- UMR5273 STROMALab CNRS/EFS/UPS-INSERM U1031, Toulouse, France
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14
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Fullarton M, Martin I, Begley A, Magennis P. Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) — the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Report: what happens next? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57:393-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Gay MH, Mehrkens A, Rittmann M, Haug M, Barbero A, Martin I, Schaeren S. Nose to back: compatibility of nasal chondrocytes with environmental conditions mimicking a degenerated intervertebral disc. Eur Cell Mater 2019; 37:214-232. [PMID: 30900738 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v037a13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal chondrocytes (NCs) have gained increased recognition for cartilage tissue regeneration. To assess NCs as a source for cell therapy treatment of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, tissue-forming properties of NCs under physiological conditions mimicking the degenerated IVD were compared to those of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and articular chondrocytes (ACs), two cell sources presently used in clinical trials. Cells were cultured in a combination of low glucose, hypoxia, acidity and inflammation for 28 d. Depending on the conditions, cells were either cultured in the absence of instructive growth factors or underwent chondrogenic instructional priming by addition of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) for the first 7 d. Histology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses demonstrated limited cell maintenance and accumulation of cartilaginous extracellular matrix for MSCs in IVD conditions. ACs maintained a steady accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) throughout all non-acidic conditions, with and without priming, but could not synthesise type II collagen (Col2). NCs accumulated both GAGs and Col2 in all non-acidic conditions, independent of priming, whereas MSCs strongly diminished their GAG and Col2 accumulation in an inflamed environment. Supplementation with inflammatory cytokines or an acidic environment affected NCs to a lower extent than ACs or MSCs. The data, overall indicating that in an inflamed IVD environment NCs were superior to ACs and MSCs, encourage further assessment of NCs for treatment of degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A Barbero
- University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel,
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16
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Martin I, Sawatzky P, Allen V, Lefebvre B, Hoang LMN, Naidu P, Minion J, Van Caeseele P, Haldane D, Gad RR, Zahariadis G, Corriveau A, German G, Tomas K, Mulvey MR. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada, 2012-2016. Can Commun Dis Rep 2019; 45:45-53. [PMID: 31015818 PMCID: PMC6461123 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v45i23a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neisseria gonorrhoeae have acquired resistance to many antimicrobials, including third generation cephalosporins and azithromycin, which are the current gonococcal combination therapy recommended by the Canadian Guidelines on Sexually Transmitted Infections. OBJECTIVE To describe antimicrobial susceptibilities for N. gonorrhoeae circulating in Canada between 2012 and 2016. METHODS Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using agar dilution of N. gonorrhoeae isolated in Canada 2012-2016 (n=10,167) following Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Data were analyzed by applying multidrug-resistant gonococci (MDR-GC) and extensively drug-resistant gonococci (XDR-GC) definitions. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2016, the proportion of MDR-GC increased from 6.2% to 8.9% and a total of 19 cases of XDR-GC were identified in Canada (0.1%, 19/18,768). The proportion of isolates with decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins declined between 2012 and 2016 from 5.9% to 2.0% while azithromycin resistance increased from 0.8% to 7.2% in the same period. CONCLUSION While XDR-GC are currently rare in Canada, MDR-GC have increased over the last five years. Azithromycin resistance in N. gonorrhoeae is established and spreading in Canada, exceeding the 5% level at which the World Health Organization states an antimicrobial should be reviewed as an appropriate treatment. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities of N. gonorrhoeae is necessary to inform treatment guidelines and mitigate the impact of resistant gonorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin
- Bacterial Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB
| | - P Sawatzky
- Bacterial Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB
| | - V Allen
- Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Toronto, ON
| | - B Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC
| | - LMN Hoang
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, BC
| | - P Naidu
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, AB
| | - J Minion
- Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Regina, SK
| | | | - D Haldane
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS
| | - RR Gad
- New Brunswick Department of Health, Fredericton, NB
| | - G Zahariadis
- Newfoundland and Labrador Public Health Laboratory, St. John’s, NL
| | - A Corriveau
- Department of Health and Social Services, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT
| | | | - K Tomas
- Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - MR Mulvey
- Bacterial Pathogens Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB
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17
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is the most common inherited condition in the Caucasian population and is associated with significantly reduced life expectancy. Recent advances in treatment have focussed on addressing the underlying cause of the condition, the defective production, expression and function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Several drugs with different modes of action have produced promising results in clinical trials, and some have been incorporated into routine clinical care for specific patients in many countries worldwide. Further trials continue to explore the safety and efficacy of these drugs in the youngest age groups and to search for more effective therapies to treat the most common disease-causing gene mutations in an ever-expanding drug pipeline. As evidence mounts for the early onset of disease in young patients, the prospect of introducing disease-modifying therapy in early life becomes more pertinent, although the cost implications of these expensive drugs are significant. In this review, we summarise these new therapy advances and review those currently being explored in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dobra
- The Department of Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, 1B Manresa Road, London, SW36LR, UK
| | - C Edmondson
- The Department of Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, 1B Manresa Road, London, SW36LR, UK
| | - D Hughes
- The Department of Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, 1B Manresa Road, London, SW36LR, UK
| | - I Martin
- The Department of Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, 1B Manresa Road, London, SW36LR, UK
| | - J C Davies
- The Department of Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Lung Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, 1B Manresa Road, London, SW36LR, UK.
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18
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okwor V, Nwankwo K, Lasebikan N, Martin I, Okoye I, Nwogu C, Okereke C A, Okwor C, Onyeka T, Okorafor A. Improving Community Health Workers Knowledge of and Attitude Toward Breast Cancer in Rural Communities in Eastern Nigeria. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.95300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and context: Nigeria presently grapples with a high burden of all forms of cancers with breast cancer being the most common and most lethal with estimated 27,304 new cases and 13,960 deaths annually. Poor knowledge of breast cancer and the wrong perception about its treatment is pervasive among many Nigerian women particularly those in rural communities leading to late presentation and poor treatment outcomes. Community health workers (CHWs) are at the forefront of closing the knowledge gap and improving on attitude toward breast cancer and its treatment in these rural settings through provision of an effective cancer patient care and support. Against this backdrop, the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital-Breast cancer support group (UNTH-BCSG) was established by a group of health professionals involved in caring for cancer patients in the eastern parts of the country. The consortium provides education and supports to breast cancer patients, training support to community health workers for early detection and prompt referral, carry out community outreach and education in both urban and rural communities, free cancer screening services to communities, as well as creating and supporting systems that effectively links cancer patients from the community level to the treatment centers. Aim: To implement a training program aimed at improving community health workers knowledge of and attitude toward breast cancer in selected rural communities in eastern Nigeria. Strategy/Tactics: A cross-sectional study design was used to select total of 521 health workers drawn across the 7 randomly selected local government areas in Enugu state, southeastern Nigeria. Respondents' level of knowledge and attitude toward breast cancer was assessed before and after the training. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire, while data analysis was done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) version 20. Program/Policy process: Advocacy and campaign on breast cancer screening. Outcomes: Out of a total 521 CHWs with a mean age of 37.71 ± 8.789 years, majority of the workers were females (92.9%), married (74.1%) received formal trainings in community health education (67.3%). Prior to training, only 18.4% of respondents had ever screened for breast cancer, while 68.3% practice breast self-examination. T-test analysis showed that the mean knowledge score of breast cancer (6.86 ± 2.48), mean knowledge of risk of breast cancer (5.69 ± 3.15) and the mean attitude toward breast cancer score (5.98 ± 3.04), significantly improved with the training program to 7.56 ± 2.29, 10.62 ± 3.09, and 7.21 ± 2.69 respectively ( P < 0.01). What was learned: Community health worker still need more sustained training as they operate at the grass root of health care system. Every little assistance will be translated to reduced cancer morbidity and a lot of lives being saved through early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. okwor
- University of Nigeria - Teaching Hospital, Radiation Medicine, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - K. Nwankwo
- University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Radiation Medicine, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - N. Lasebikan
- University of Nigeria - Teaching Hospital, Radiation Medicine, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - I. Martin
- Public Health Research Unit, Lumenplus Consulting, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - I. Okoye
- University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Radiation Medicine, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - C. Nwogu
- Lakeshore Cancer Center, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A. Okereke C
- University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - C. Okwor
- University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Chemical Pathology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - T. Onyeka
- University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Pain and Palliative, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - A. Okorafor
- University of Nigeria - Teaching Hospital, Cancer Registry, Enugu, Nigeria
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19
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Leme D, Martin I, Behs B, Rocha A, Papa F. Welfare Parameters for the Evaluation of Breeding Stallions. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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McMahon J, Puglia F, Martin I, Mitchell D, Dover S, Bentley R, Parmar S, Smith A, Kerawala C, Holland I. Measuring health-related benefit and quality of care in oral and maxillofacial surgery: British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Outcomes Project. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:439-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Majewski M, Heisterbach P, Jaquiéry C, Dürselen L, Todorov A, Martin I, Evans CH, Müller SA, Müller SA. Improved tendon healing using bFGF, BMP-12 and TGFβ1 in a rat model. Eur Cell Mater 2018; 35:318-334. [PMID: 29897097 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v035a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several growth factors (GFs) are expressed as tendons heal, but it remains unknown whether their combined application enhances the healing process. This matter was addressed by applying a combination of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), bone morphogenetic protein 12 (BMP-12) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) in a rat Achilles tendon transection model. GFs were applied in one of the three following ways: i) direct application of all three factors at the time of surgery; ii) sequential, tiered percutaneous injection of individual factors immediately after surgery, 48 h and 96 h later; iii) load of all three factors onto a collagen sponge implanted at the time of surgery. After 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks, healing was assessed based on tendon length and thickness, mechanical strength, stiffness and histology. Best results were achieved when GFs were loaded onto a collagen sponge - with a rapid increase in mechanical strength (load to failure, 71.2 N vs. 7.7 N in controls), consistent tendon length over time (9.9 mm vs. 16.2 mm in controls) and faster tendon remodelling, as measured by histology - followed by tiered injection therapy over 96 h. In conclusion, implantation of a GF-loaded collagen sponge could provide a promising treatment, especially in high-performance athletes and revision cases prone to re-rupture. For conservative treatment, tiered percutaneous GF application could be an option for improving clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S A Müller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel,
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22
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Brugha R, Martin I, Morales S, Lehman S, Alton E, Davies J. P035 Differential gene expression by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in response to bacteriophage infection. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Correr AB, Martin I, Abuna G, Bertolo MV, Correr-Sobrinho L, Feitosa VP, Sauro S, Sinhoreti MAC. Avaliação de Propriedades Físicas de Dentes Bovinos Clareados com Agentes Clareadores Dopados com Fosfatos de Cálcio. J Health Scie 2018. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n5p164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo foi avaliar as propriedades físicas de dentes bovinos clareados com agentes clareadores modificados por fosfatos de cálcio. Foram avaliados quatro grupos (n10): peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (Whitening HP, FGM) sem adição de fosfato (controle), com adição de 10% de hidroxiapatita (HAP), 10% de fosfato de cálcio amorfo (ACP) ou 5% de monocálcio fosfato + 5% de þTCP (MACP-TCP). Inicialmente foram avaliadas a dureza Knoop (100g por 5 s), rugosidade média (Ra) e a cor (OE) de quarenta incisivos bovinos (n10). Os dentes foram clareados com os agentes clareadores, armazenados em saliva artificial e novas medidas de dureza, rugosidade e cor foram realizadas 24 h e 7 dias após o clareamento. A permeabilidade do esmalte após o clareamento foi avaliada em microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. Os dados foram avaliados por ANOVA de medidas repetidas e teste de Tukey (a5%). Após 24 h houve significativamente menor redução de dureza para HAP e MCP+TCP comparado ao controle. Após 7 dias os grupos com fosfato apresentaram significativamente menor redução de dureza que o controle. A cor dos dentes não foi significativamente influenciada pelo tipo de clareador. A rugosidade de HAP e ACP em 24 h foi significativamente maior que do controle, mas após 7 dias não houve diferença entre os grupos. A maior permeabilidade do esmalte foi do controle e a menor permeabilidade do MCP+TCP. Os agentes clareadores dopados com fosfatos de cálcio não inferiram na cor e na rugosidade do esmalte após o clareamento, mas possibilitaram menor redução da dureza e menor permeabilidade do esmalte.Palavras-chave: Clareamento Dental. Remineralizacã, o Dentária. Propriedades Físicas e Químicas.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
| | - M Jakob
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - D J Schaefer
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland
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Lagacé-Wiens PRS, Adam HJ, Laing NM, Baxter MR, Martin I, Mulvey MR, Karlowsky JA, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG. Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to alternative antimicrobials with therapeutic potential. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:2273-2277. [PMID: 28505331 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of MDR Neisseria gonorrhoeae is increasing globally and represents a public health emergency. Development and approval of new anti-gonococcal agents may take years. As a concurrent approach to developing new antimicrobials, the laboratory and clinical evaluation of currently licensed antimicrobials not widely used for the treatment of gonorrhoea may provide new options for the treatment of gonococcal infections. Objectives To determine the in vitro activity of nine alternative, currently licensed and late-development antimicrobials with the potential to treat gonococcal infections against 112 clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae resistant to one or multiple antimicrobials. Methods The MICs of conventional anti-gonococcal antimicrobials (penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and spectinomycin) and alternative antimicrobials (ertapenem, gentamicin, netilmicin, tigecycline, eravacycline, fosfomycin, linezolid, ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftaroline) were determined by agar dilution. Results Ertapenem and the novel cephalosporins demonstrated similar MIC values to the third-generation cephalosporins, but increased MICs were observed for isolates with increased cefixime and ceftriaxone MICs. Tigecycline and eravacycline had MIC values below expected serum concentrations for all isolates tested. The aminoglycosides gentamicin and netilmicin were generally more potent than spectinomycin, with netilmicin demonstrating the greatest potency. Fosfomycin MICs were elevated compared with other agents, but remained within the MIC range for susceptible organisms, while linezolid MICs were generally higher than those for organisms considered resistant. Conclusions Among potentially therapeutically useful alternative agents, the aminoglycosides, eravacycline, tigecycline and fosfomycin had good in vitro activity. The novel cephalosporins and ertapenem had comparable activity to cefixime and ceftriaxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R S Lagacé-Wiens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3N4.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services Manitoba, L4025-409 Taché Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6
| | - H J Adam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3N4.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services Manitoba, L4025-409 Taché Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6
| | - N M Laing
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3N4
| | - M R Baxter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3N4
| | - I Martin
- Streptococcus and STI Unit, National Microbiology Laboratory, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3R2
| | - M R Mulvey
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3N4.,Streptococcus and STI Unit, National Microbiology Laboratory, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3R2
| | - J A Karlowsky
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3N4.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services Manitoba, L4025-409 Taché Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6
| | - D J Hoban
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3N4.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Diagnostic Services Manitoba, L4025-409 Taché Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6
| | - G G Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 771 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3N4
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Vicent L, Nunez-Olarte J, Puente-Maestu L, Oliva A, Lopez J, Postigo A, Martin I, Luna R, Fernandez-Aviles F, Martinez-Selles M. P4401Management of dyspnea in patients admitted for heart failure and respiratory disease. Time for a paradigm shift. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wang L, Chepiga N, Ki DK, Li L, Li F, Zhu W, Kato Y, Ovchinnikova OS, Mila F, Martin I, Mandrus D, Morpurgo AF. Controlling the Topological Sector of Magnetic Solitons in Exfoliated Cr_{1/3}NbS_{2} Crystals. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:257203. [PMID: 28696733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.257203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate manifestations of topological order in monoaxial helimagnet Cr_{1/3}NbS_{2} by performing transport measurements on ultrathin crystals. Upon sweeping the magnetic field perpendicularly to the helical axis, crystals thicker than one helix pitch (48 nm) but much thinner than the magnetic domain size (∼1 μm) are found to exhibit sharp and hysteretic resistance jumps. We show that these phenomena originate from transitions between topological sectors with a different number of magnetic solitons. This is confirmed by measurements on crystals thinner than 48 nm-in which the topological sector cannot change-that do not exhibit any jump or hysteresis. Our results show the ability to deterministically control the topological sector of finite-size Cr_{1/3}NbS_{2} and to detect intersector transitions by transport measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics and Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - N Chepiga
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D-K Ki
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics and Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - F Li
- Theoretical Division, T-4 and CNLS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W Zhu
- Theoretical Division, T-4 and CNLS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y Kato
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - O S Ovchinnikova
- Nanofabrication Research Laboraotry, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6493, USA
| | - F Mila
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Martin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D Mandrus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - A F Morpurgo
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics and Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Martin I, Davies J, Morales S, Alton E. WS07.4 Combined killing effects of lytic bacteriophages and antibiotics in biofilm-grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa from CF airway cultures. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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White LF, Darling JR, Moser DE, Reinhard DA, Prosa TJ, Bullen D, Olson D, Larson DJ, Lawrence D, Martin I. Atomic-scale age resolution of planetary events. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15597. [PMID: 28548083 PMCID: PMC5477514 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving the timing of crustal processes and meteorite impact events is central to understanding the formation, evolution and habitability of planetary bodies. However, identifying multi-stage events from complex planetary materials is highly challenging at the length scales of current isotopic techniques. Here we show that accurate U-Pb isotopic analysis of nanoscale domains of baddeleyite can be achieved by atom probe tomography. Within individual crystals of highly shocked baddeleyite from the Sudbury impact structure, three discrete nanostructural domains have been isolated yielding average 206Pb/238U ages of 2,436±94 Ma (protolith crystallization) from homogenous-Fe domains, 1,852±45 Ma (impact) from clustered-Fe domains and 1,412±56 Ma (tectonic metamorphism) from planar and subgrain boundary structures. Baddeleyite is a common phase in terrestrial, Martian, Lunar and asteroidal materials, meaning this atomic-scale approach holds great potential in establishing a more accurate chronology of the formation and evolution of planetary crusts. Constraining the timing of crustal processes and impact events remains challenging. Here, the authors show that atom probe tomography can produce highly accurate U-Pb isotopic age constraints in baddeleyite crystals, which is a common phase in terrestrial, Martian, Lunar and asteroidal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F White
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
| | - J R Darling
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
| | - D E Moser
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | | | - T J Prosa
- CAMECA, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - D Bullen
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
| | - D Olson
- CAMECA, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | | | | | - I Martin
- CAMECA, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
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Zorzetto MF, Martin I, Sancler-Silva YFR, Zoca S, Freitas-Dell'Aqua CP, Papa FO, Ramos AA, Nunes JF, Salgueiro CCM, Oba E. Comparison of three different extenders on Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis
) semen freezability. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Zorzetto
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; Sao Paulo State University; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - I. Martin
- University of Uberaba; Uberaba Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Y. F. R. Sancler-Silva
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; Sao Paulo State University; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - S. Zoca
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; Sao Paulo State University; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - C. P. Freitas-Dell'Aqua
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; Sao Paulo State University; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - F. O. Papa
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; Sao Paulo State University; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - A. A. Ramos
- Department of Animal Production; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; Sao Paulo State University; Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - J. F. Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; State University of Ceará, Integrated Nucleus of Biotechnology; Fortaleza Ceará Brazil
| | | | - E. Oba
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; Sao Paulo State University; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
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Ismail T, Bürgin J, Todorov A, Osinga R, Menzi N, Largo R, Haug M, Martin I, Scherberich A, Schaefer D. Low osmolality and shear stress during liposuction impair cell viability in autologous fat grafting. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017; 70:596-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Destro FC, Martin I, Landim-Alvarenga FDC, Sartori Filho R, Pate JL, Ferreira JCP. 60 EFFECTS OF CONCANAVALIN A ON THE PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION BY BOVINE STEROIDOGENIC LUTEAL CELLS IN VITRO. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv29n1ab60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum is a temporary organ that is responsible for progesterone (P4) secretion and is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in cattle. Concanavalin A (CONA) is a lectin that was originally extracted from the Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and that interacts with several kinds of cells, including immune cells and luteal cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of CONA on the P4 production by bovine steroidogenic luteal cells (LC) in vitro. Luteal cells were collected during the mid-luteal stage (at 10–12 days following ovulation) and processed in the laboratory. Luteal cells were grown for 7 days in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2, with or without 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and were subjected to the following treatments: control: no treatment; CONA (10 μg mL−1); LH (100 μg mL−1); CONA+LH; LH (100 μg mL−1) + prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α; 10 ng mL−1); CONA+LH+PGF2α. Samples of the culture media were collected on Day 1 and Day 7 for P4 quantification. The cells were counted on Day 7 of culture. Differences between treatments were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. The P4 concentration in the culture media was numerically greater on Day 1 (558.0 ng mL−1) than on Day 7 (25.4 ng mL−1). The P4 concentration in the culture media was numerically greater for treatments with 10% FBS than for the FBS-free treatments, and the presence of CONA decreased LC P4-secreting capacity. This effect required more than 24 h of exposure to CONA to be fully manifested. On Day 1 of culture, CONA had no effect on P4 production of LC cultured in serum-free medium (P > 0.05).The suppressive action of CONA was more pronounced for cultures without FBS. By Day 7 of culture, the effects of CONA on P4 production were readily apparent. In the absence of serum, CONA had a highly significant (P < 0.01) inhibitory effect on basal progesterone production, as well as in the presence of LH or LH + PGF. In the presence of FBS, there was a tendency for decreased P4 in response to CONA in the LH- and the LH + PGF-treated cells (P = 0.090 and 0.085, respectively). The number of the cells present on Day 7 was not affected by the treatments tested (P > 0.05). More studies are required to better understand the effect of CONA on the P4 production of bovine LC.
Financial support from FAPESP is acknowledged: grant no. 2013/00992–3, grant no. 2013/07439–8, and grant no. 2015/01940–2.
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Ibarra-Zatarain Z, Fatsini E, Rey S, Chereguini O, Martin I, Rasines I, Alcaraz C, Duncan N. Characterization of stress coping style in Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis) juveniles and breeders for aquaculture. R Soc Open Sci 2016; 3:160495. [PMID: 28018634 PMCID: PMC5180132 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to characterize stress coping styles of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles and breeders and to select an operational behavioural screening test (OBST) that can be used by the aquaculture industry to classify and select between behavioural phenotypes in order to improve production indicators. A total of 61 juveniles and 59 breeders were subjected to five individual behavioural tests and two grouping tests. At the end of the individual tests, all animals were blood sampled in order to measure cortisol, glucose and lactate. Three tests (restraining, new environment and confinement) characterized the stress coping style behaviour of Senegalese sole juveniles and breeders and demonstrated inter-individual consistency. Further, the tests when incorporated into a principal components analysis (PCA) (i) identified two principal axes of personality traits: 'fearfulness-reactivity' and 'activity-exploration', (ii) were representative of the physiological axis of stress coping style, and (iii) were validated by established group tests. This study proposed for the first time three individual coping style tests that reliably represented proactive and reactive personalities of Senegalese sole juveniles and breeders. In addition, the three proposed tests met some basic operational criteria (rapid testing, no special equipment and easy to apply and interpret) that could prove attractive for fish farmers to identify fish with a specific behaviour that gives advantages in the culture system and that could be used to establish selection-based breeding programmes to improve domestication and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Ibarra-Zatarain
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
- CENIT, Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Av. Emilio M. González s/n., CP 63173. Tepic, México
| | - E. Fatsini
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - S. Rey
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK
| | - O. Chereguini
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Santander Oceanographic Centre, Promontorio San Martín, s/n. PO 240, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | - I. Martin
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Santander Oceanographic Centre, Promontorio San Martín, s/n. PO 240, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | - I. Rasines
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Santander Oceanographic Centre, Promontorio San Martín, s/n. PO 240, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | - C. Alcaraz
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - N. Duncan
- IRTA, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
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Martin I, Sawatzky P, Liu G, Allen V, Lefebvre B, Hoang L, Drews S, Horsman G, Wylie J, Haldane D, Garceau R, Ratnam S, Wong T, Archibald C, Mulvey MR. Decline in Decreased Cephalosporin Susceptibility and Increase in Azithromycin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:65-7. [PMID: 26689114 PMCID: PMC4696705 DOI: 10.3201/eid2201.151247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Canada during 2010–2014. The proportion of isolates with decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins declined significantly between 2011 and 2014, whereas azithromycin resistance increased significantly during that period. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial drug susceptibilities is imperative to inform treatment guidelines.
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Destro FC, Martin I, Landim-Alvarenga F, Ferreira J, Pate JL. Effects of concanavalin A on the progesterone production by bovine steroidogenic luteal cells in vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:848-52. [PMID: 27558864 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of concanavalin A (CONA) on the progesterone (P4) production by bovine steroidogenic luteal cells (LCs) in vitro. Luteal cells were collected during the mid-luteal stage (at 10-12 days following ovulation) and processed in the laboratory. Luteal cells were grown for 7 days in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2 , with or without 10% foetal bovine serum, and were subjected to the following treatments: control: no treatment; CONA (10 μg/ml); LH (100 μg/ml); CONA + LH; LH (100 μg/ml) + prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) (10 ng/ml); CONA + LH + PGF2α. Samples of the culture media were collected on days 1 (D1) and 7 (D7) for P4 quantification. The cells were counted on D7 of culture. Differences between treatments were considered statistically significant at p < .05. Culture in the presence of CONA decreased the P4-secreting capacity of LCs on D7 of culture, particularly in the absence of serum. The cell numbers did not change between treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Destro
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology (Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Martin
- University of Uberaba (Universidade de Uberaba - Uniube), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fdc Landim-Alvarenga
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology (Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jcp Ferreira
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology (Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - J L Pate
- Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Martin I, Moch M, Neckernuss T, Paschke S, Herrmann H, Marti O. Both monovalent cations and plectin are potent modulators of mechanical properties of keratin K8/K18 networks. Soft Matter 2016; 12:6964-6974. [PMID: 27489177 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00977h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) networks are a major contributor to cell rigidity and thus serve as vital elements to preserve the integrity of entire cell layers. Keratin K8 and K18 IFs are the basic constituents of the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. The mechanical properties of K8/K18 networks depend on the structural arrangements of individual filaments within the network. This paper investigates the architecture of these networks in vitro under the influence of the monovalent cation potassium and that of the cytolinker protein plectin. Whereas increasing amounts of potassium ions lead to filament bundling, plectin interlinks filaments at filament intersection points but does not lead to bundle formation. The mechanics of the resulting networks are investigated by microrheology with assembled K8/K18 networks. It is shown that bundling induced by potassium ions significantly stiffens the network. Furthermore, our measurements reveal an increase in plectin-mediated keratin network rigidity as soon as an amount corresponding to more than 20% of the plectin present in cells is added to the keratin IF networks. In parallel, we investigated the influence of plectin on cell rigidity in detergent-extracted epithelial vulva carcinoma derived A431 cells in situ. These cytoskeletons, containing mostly IFs, actin filaments and associated proteins, exhibit a significantly decreased stiffness, when plectin is downregulated to ≈10% of the normal value. Therefore, we assume that plectin, via the formation of IF-IF connections and crosslinking of IFs to actin filaments, is an important contributor to cell stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martin
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - M Moch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Neckernuss
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - S Paschke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - H Herrmann
- Division Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - O Marti
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Kievitsbosch T, Papa F, Magalhães L, Maziero R, Martin I, Dell’Aqua J, Melo-Oña C. Equine epididymal semen output using pentoxifylline under different freezing conditions. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Martin I, Tanou K, Wallis C. 70 Microbiological surveillance of a group of paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID). J Cyst Fibros 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(16)30310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bettinger J, Scheifele D, Kellner J, Saux NL, Embree J, Vanderkooi O, Martin I, Tyrrell G, Vaudry W, Halperin S. Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Canadian Children, 2000-2014: The Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, Active. Paediatr Child Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Before implementation of the first conjugate IPD vaccine program in 2002, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) accounted for most severe, invasive bacterial infections in Canadian children. Conjugate vaccine programs in children were implemented with the expectation that the burden of disease from IPD would improve.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in Canadian epidemiology of pediatric IPD before and after the implementation of conjugate pneumo-coccal vaccine programs.
DESIGN/METHODS: The Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, Active (IMPACT) captures all in- and out-patient lab-confirmed IPD cases presenting at its 12 tertiary care pediatric hospitals across Canada. Nurses abstract case details from the hospital chart onto a standardized report form. Case isolates are serotyped at a central reference laboratory. All participating centers have local ethics and/or administrative approvals.
RESULTS: From 2000-2014 IMPACT centers identified 3,328 IPD cases. Annual case numbers decreased by 48% (323 to 168) over this time period. Annually, vaccine preventable serotypes accounted for on average 89% (n=288) of cases in the pre-conjugate vaccine era (2000-2003) and 34% (n=56) in the post-13-valent conjugate vaccine era (2011-2014), with 73% (n=41/56) due to serotypes 19A, 3 and 6a. The age distribution of cases shifted upward over the time period with 16% (n=204) of cases occurring in children 5 years of age and older in the pre-vaccine era compared to 32% (n=217) in the post 13-valent vaccine era. This shift was due to decreases in cases occurring in children 0-4 years of age, rather than a significant increase in the number of cases occurring in older children. The most frequent presentation of IPD was radiologic-confirmed pneumonia (n=1119), with complicated pneumonia (pneumonia with empyema or pleural effusion) accounting for 36% (405/1119) of cases, followed by bacteremia only (n=919) and meningitis (n=532). The proportion of cases presenting with complicated pneumonia increased significantly (from 6% -24%; p<0.0001) between the pre-conjugate and post 13-valent conjugate eras. The proportion of cases presenting with meningitis did not change over the time periods (15% pre-conjugate era vs. 16% post-13-valent conjugate era; p=0.46). However, the proportion of meningitis caused by vaccine preventable serotypes decreased significantly (from 85%-26%; p<0.0001).
CONCLUSION: The epidemiology of pediatric IPD has changed with the introduction of conjugate vaccine programs. IPD has been reduced by almost 50% in the post-13-valent conjugate vaccine era and vaccine sero-types account for just one-third of cases. However, complicated pneumonia is seen more frequently in the post-13-valent conjugate vaccine era.
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Wijayasri S, Li YA, Squires SG, Martin I, Demczuk WHB, Mukhi S. Evaluation of the Enhanced Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance System (eIPDSS) Pilot Project. Can Commun Dis Rep 2016; 42:83-88. [PMID: 29770009 PMCID: PMC5864263 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v42i04a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) causes significant morbidity in Canada, yet even with routine surveillance, it is difficult to interpret current IPD trends in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance. The enhanced Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance System (eIPDSS) pilot project was designed to facilitate a better understanding of IPD trends at the national level by linking epidemiologic and laboratory (epi-lab) data. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the eIPDSS by assessing five attributes (usefulness, data quality, simplicity, acceptability and timeliness) and to develop recommendations for future national IPD surveillance. METHODS An evaluation was developed that assessed the five key attributes through a qualitative survey sent to eight eIPDSS users as well as a quantitative analysis of the eIPDSS database. Recommendations were based on the results of both the survey and the analysis. RESULTS The response rate to the survey was 100%. The majority of the survey respondents found the eIPDSS to be useful (75%), simple (100%) and acceptable (86%). Analysis of the eIPDSS database revealed that the majority of IPD cases (61%) were assessed as timely. Data quality and data management mechanisms were identified as issues by both survey respondents and the analysis of the database. Consultation with public health, regular audits and upgrades to the platform are recommended to address data quality and management issues. CONCLUSION The epi-lab linked data of the eIPDSS enables the detection and analysis of IPD serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance trends. This web-based system facilitates data collection and is simple, acceptable and timely. With improvements that address data quality and management issues, it is feasible to develop a national surveillance system that links epi-lab data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wijayasri
- University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, SK
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ottawa, ON
| | - YA Li
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ottawa, ON
| | - SG Squires
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Ottawa, ON
| | - I Martin
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB
| | - WHB Demczuk
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB
| | - S Mukhi
- Public Health Agency of Canada, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Northern populations were at a high risk of developing invasive bacterial diseases (IBDs). Since the last published study that described IBDs in Northern Canada, a number of vaccines against some bacterial pathogens have been introduced into the routine childhood immunization schedule. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of IBDs in Northern Canada from 2006 to 2013. METHODS Data for 5 IBDs (invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease (Hi), invasive Group A streptococcal disease (iGAS), invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and invasive Group B streptococcal disease (GBS)) were extracted from the International Circumpolar Surveillance (ICS) program and the Canadian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 population per year. RESULTS During the study period, the incidence rates of IPD ranged from 16.84-30.97, iGAS 2.70-17.06, Hi serotype b 0-2.78, Hi non-b type 2.73-8.53, and IMD 0-3.47. Except for IMD and GBS, the age-standardized incidence rates of other diseases in Northern Canada were 2.6-10 times higher than in the rest of Canada. Over the study period, rates decreased for IPD (p=0.04), and iGAS (p=0.01), and increased for Hi type a (Hia) (p=0.004). Among IPD cases, the proportion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)7 serotypes decreased (p=0.0004) over the study period. Among Hi cases, 69.8% were Hia and 71.6% of these were in children under than 5 years. Of 13 IMD cases, 8 were serogroup B and 2 of them died. CONCLUSION Northern population in Canada, especially infants and seniors among First Nations and Inuit, are at a high risk of IPD, Hi and iGAS. Hia is the predominant serotype in Northern Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- YA Li
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada Ottawa, ON
| | - I Martin
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN
| | - R Tsang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN
| | - SG Squires
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada Ottawa, ON
| | - W Demczuk
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MN
| | - S Desai
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada Ottawa, ON
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Heazell AEP, Whitworth MK, Whitcombe J, Glover SW, Bevan C, Brewin J, Calderwood C, Canter A, Jessop F, Johnson G, Martin I, Metcalf L. Research priorities for stillbirth: process overview and results from UK Stillbirth Priority Setting Partnership. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 46:641-647. [PMID: 26336941 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A E P Heazell
- Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Library Service, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M K Whitworth
- Library Service, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - J Whitcombe
- Sands (Stillbirth and Neonatal Death Charity), London, UK
| | - S W Glover
- Sands (Stillbirth and Neonatal Death Charity), London, UK
| | | | | | - C Calderwood
- National Maternity Support Foundation, Jake's Charity, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - A Canter
- British and Irish Paediatric Pathology Association, London, UK
| | - F Jessop
- Department of Paediatric Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- The Royal College of Midwives, London, UK
| | - G Johnson
- Holly Martin Stillbirth Research Fund, Powys, UK
| | - I Martin
- James Lind Alliance, NIHR Evaluation Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - L Metcalf
- James Lind Alliance, NIHR Evaluation Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Southampton, UK
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Martin I, Membrive CMB, Vettorato LF, Binelli M, Oba E, Ferreira JCP. Plasma PGFM and progesterone concentrations, luteolysis moment and estrous cycle length in Nelore cows submitted to uterine biopsies. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn this study, endometrial samples were collected in 14 Nelore cows on days zero (ovulation), five, nine, thirteen and nineteen of the estrous cycle (biopsy group), and in 15 females these collections weren't performed (control group). Biopsies were done on the uterine horn endometrium contralateral to the ovary with corpus luteum. Blood samples were taken at -24, -16, -8, 0 +8, +16 and +24 hours in relation to progesterone drop (<1ng/mL, zero moment) and evaluated for 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGFM) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Plasma progesterone concentration was determined by RIA every 24 hours. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the PROC GLM and MIXED of the SAS. The mean value for PGFM during the entire period evaluated was greater in the biopsy group. The mean concentration of PGFM at moment zero was not different between the groups; the mean concentration of PGFM was higher in the biopsy group before and after the drop in progesterone level. The maximum mean concentration observed was not different between the groups; however, the mean minimum concentration was different with high values in the biopsy group. Although the PGFM concentrations were higher in the biopsy group, the biopsy and control groups had similar length of estrous cycle showing that repeated endometrial biopsy on the side contralateral to the ovary with corpus luteum does not affect luteolysis and the length of the estrous cycle.
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Maghrebi MF, Gullans MJ, Bienias P, Choi S, Martin I, Firstenberg O, Lukin MD, Büchler HP, Gorshkov AV. Coulomb Bound States of Strongly Interacting Photons. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:123601. [PMID: 26430994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.123601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We show that two photons coupled to Rydberg states via electromagnetically induced transparency can interact via an effective Coulomb potential. This interaction gives rise to a continuum of two-body bound states. Within the continuum, metastable bound states are distinguished in analogy with quasibound states tunneling through a potential barrier. We find multiple branches of metastable bound states whose energy spectrum is governed by the Coulomb potential, thus obtaining a photonic analogue of the hydrogen atom. Under certain conditions, the wave function resembles that of a diatomic molecule in which the two polaritons are separated by a finite "bond length." These states propagate with a negative group velocity in the medium, allowing for a simple preparation and detection scheme, before they slowly decay to pairs of bound Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Maghrebi
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M J Gullans
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P Bienias
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Choi
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - I Martin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - O Firstenberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - M D Lukin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H P Büchler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Osinga R, Menzi N, Tchang L, Caviezel D, Kalbermatten D, Martin I, Schaefer D, Scherberich A, Largo R. LOP38. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000470730.36751.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Murray T, Nettles M, Selmes N, Cathles LM, Burton JC, James TD, Edwards S, Martin I, O'Farrell T, Aspey R, Rutt I, Baugé T. Ice sheets. Reverse glacier motion during iceberg calving and the cause of glacial earthquakes. Science 2015; 349:305-8. [PMID: 26113640 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nearly half of Greenland's mass loss occurs through iceberg calving, but the physical mechanisms operating during calving are poorly known and in situ observations are sparse. We show that calving at Greenland's Helheim Glacier causes a minutes-long reversal of the glacier's horizontal flow and a downward deflection of its terminus. The reverse motion results from the horizontal force caused by iceberg capsize and acceleration away from the glacier front. The downward motion results from a hydrodynamic pressure drop behind the capsizing berg, which also causes an upward force on the solid Earth. These forces are the source of glacial earthquakes, globally detectable seismic events whose proper interpretation will allow remote sensing of calving processes occurring at increasing numbers of outlet glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Murray
- Glaciology Group, Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M Nettles
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10964, USA
| | - N Selmes
- Glaciology Group, Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - L M Cathles
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J C Burton
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - T D James
- Glaciology Group, Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Edwards
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - I Martin
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - T O'Farrell
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - R Aspey
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - I Rutt
- Glaciology Group, Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - T Baugé
- Thales UK, Research and Technology, Worton Drive, Reading, Berkshire RG2 0SB, UK
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Wang L, Kesteven S, Imtiaz M, Martin I, Feneley M, Fatkin D. Navigating uncharted waters: novel echocardiography techniques for non-invasive in-vivo assessment of contractile function in adult zebrafish and its potential applications for research in cardiovascular genetics. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Garcia-Valentin A, Mestres CA, Bernabeu E, Martin I, Rueda C, Domenech A, Valencia J, Fletcher D. 026 * VALIDATION AND QUALITY MEASUREMENTS FOR EUROSCORE AND EUROSCORE II IN THE SPANISH POPULATION: A PROSPECTIVE AND MULTICENTRE STUDY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivu276.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pugliesi G, Scolari SC, Mesquita FS, Maturana Filho M, Araújo ER, Cardoso D, Sales JN, Martin I, Sá Filho M, Bertan CM, Binelli M. Impact of probing the reproductive tract during early pregnancy on fertility of beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:e35-e39. [PMID: 24925165 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This short communication reports the impact of endometrial biopsies, uterine flushings and follicular fluid aspiration procedures at day 6 post artificial insemination (AI) on pregnancy rates. In Experiment 1, cows were timed AI (TAI) and assigned to the following treatment groups: control (n = 37), uterine flushing (n = 35) and endometrial biopsy (n = 38). On day 30 post AI, pregnancy rates were 40.5%, 33% and 28.5%, respectively (p > 0.1). Pregnancy rate on day 60 was lower (p < 0.004) in flushed cows than in the controls. In Experiment 2, oestrus was detected and cows were assigned to flushing (n = 32) or biopsy (n = 33) treatments 6 days after AI, which resulted in pregnancy rates of 31% and 36%, respectively (p > 0.1). In Experiment 3, cows were, 6 days after TAI, randomly assigned to the following treatments: control (n = 84) or aspiration of the largest follicle (n = 73). Pregnancy rates on day 30 post AI were 63.5% for the control group and 53% for the aspirated group (p > 0.1). In conclusion, uterine flushing and endometrial biopsy negatively affect pregnancy rates, but neither procedure can be considered to be incompatible with pregnancy maintenance. Follicular aspiration during pregnancy does not interact with pregnancy success. The amount and quality of samples obtained are compatible with the use of cellular and molecular analysis of uterine variables from cows that failed or succeeded on maintaining pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pugliesi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - S C Scolari
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - F S Mesquita
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - M Maturana Filho
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - E R Araújo
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - D Cardoso
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Polo Regional de Desenvolvimento do Extremo Oeste, Andradina, SP, Brazil
| | - J N Sales
- Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - I Martin
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | - M Sá Filho
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Bertan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Facukdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Yeoh WK, Cui XY, Gault B, De Silva KSB, Xu X, Liu HW, Yen HW, Wong D, Bao P, Larson DJ, Martin I, Li WX, Zheng RK, Wang XL, Dou SX, Ringer SP. On the roles of graphene oxide doping for enhanced supercurrent in MgB2 based superconductors. Nanoscale 2014; 6:6166-6172. [PMID: 24793305 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to their graphene-like properties after oxygen reduction, incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) sheets into correlated-electron materials offers a new pathway for tailoring their properties. Fabricating GO nanocomposites with polycrystalline MgB2 superconductors leads to an order of magnitude enhancement of the supercurrent at 5 K/8 T and 20 K/4 T. Herein, we introduce a novel experimental approach to overcome the formidable challenge of performing quantitative microscopy and microanalysis of such composites, so as to unveil how GO doping influences the structure and hence the material properties. Atom probe microscopy and electron microscopy were used to directly image the GO within the MgB2, and we combined these data with computational simulations to derive the property-enhancing mechanisms. Our results reveal synergetic effects of GO, namely, via localized atomic (carbon and oxygen) doping as well as texturing of the crystals, which provide both inter- and intra-granular flux pinning. This study opens up new insights into how low-dimensional nanostructures can be integrated into composites to modify the overall properties, using a methodology amenable to a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Yeoh
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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